Refine
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (645) (remove)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (330)
- Doctoral Thesis (312)
- Conference Proceeding (3)
Keywords
- Herzinsuffizienz (31)
- heart failure (22)
- myocardial infarction (21)
- chronic kidney disease (20)
- Diabetes mellitus (19)
- Herzinfarkt (19)
- adrenocortical carcinoma (18)
- Fabry disease (16)
- mortality (15)
- hemodialysis (14)
Institute
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (645) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Zentraleinheit Klinische Massenspektrometrie (4)
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (2)
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S. (2)
- Apotheke, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (1)
- Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany (1)
- Datenintegrationszentrum Würzburg (DIZ) (1)
- Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany (1)
- Interdisziplinäre Biomaterial- und Datenbank Würzburg (ibdw) (1)
- Interdisziplinäres Amyloidosezentrum Nordbayern (1)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (1)
- Joslin Diabetes Center (Harvard Medical School) (1)
- Kardiologie (Klinik für Innere Medizin I) (1)
- Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover (1)
- Klinische Studienzentrale (Universitätsklinikum) (1)
- Krankenhaushygiene und Antimicrobial Stewardship, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (1)
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Kardiologie (1)
- Physiologisches Institut Universität Würzburg (1)
- Servicezentrum Medizin-Informatik (1)
- Sportzentrum der Universität Würzburg (1)
- University of Birmingham, Medical School, Institute of Biomedical Research (1)
- Wurzburg Fabry Center for Interdisciplinary Therapy (FAZIT), Wurzburg, Germany (1)
- Zentrallabor, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (1)
- Zentrum für experimentelle und molekulare Medizin (Würzburg) (1)
Purpose
The subclassification of adrenal cancers according to the WHO classification in ordinary, myxoid, oncocytic, and sarcomatoid as well as pediatric types is well established, but the criteria for each subtype are not sufficiently determined and the relative frequency of the different types of adrenal cancers has not been studied in large cohorts. Therefore, our large collection of surgically removed adrenal cancers should be reviewed o establish the criteria for the subtypes and to find out the frequency of the various types.
Methods
In our series of 521 adrenal cancers the scoring systems of Weiss et al., Hough et al., van Slooten et al. and the new Helsinki score system were used for the ordinary type of cancer (97% of our series) and the myxoid type (0.8%). For oncocytic carcinomas (2%), the scoring system of Bisceglia et al. was applied.
Results
Discrepancies between benign and malignant diagnoses from the first thee classical scoring systems are not rare (22% in our series) and could be resolved by the Helsinki score especially by Ki-67 index (more than 8% unequivocally malignant). Since all our cancer cases are positive in the Helsinki score, this system can replace the three elder systems. For identification of sarcomatoid cancer as rarest type in our series (0.2%), the scoring systems are not practical but additional immunostainings used for soft tissue tumors and in special cases molecular pathology are necessary to differentiate these cancers from adrenal sarcomas. According to the relative frequencies of the different subtypes of adrenal cancers the main type is the far most frequent (97%) followed by the oncocytic type (2%), the myxoid type (0.8%) and the very rare sarcomatoid type (0.2%).
Conclusions
The Helsinki score is the best for differentiating adrenal carcinomas of the main, the oncocytic, and the myxoid type in routine work. Additional scoring systems for these carcinomas are generally not any longer necessary. Signs of proliferation (mitoses and Ki-67 index) and necroses are the most important criteria for diagnosis of malignancy.