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Institute
- Augenklinik und Poliklinik (4) (remove)
PURPOSE. To investigate the effect of selective retina therapy (SRT) on the release of AMD-relevant cell mediators, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), VEGF, and pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) using different laser spot sizes and densities.
METHODS. Porcine RPE-choroid explants were treated with a pulsed 532 nm Nd:YAG laser using (1) large spot sizes, (2) small spot sizes with a high-density (hd) treatment, and (3) small spot sizes with a low-density (1d) treatment. Explains were cultivated in modified Ussing chambers. RPE regeneration and RPE cell death were investigated by calcein-AM staining and immunofluorescence. The MMP release was examined via zymography and immunofluorescence. VEGF and PEDF secretion was analyzed by ELISA.
RESULTS. During pigment epithelium regeneration (PER), mitosis and RPE cell migration were observed. Four days after SRT (large spot size) the content of active MMP2 increased significantly (P < 0.01). Hd treatment with small spot sizes resulted also in an increase of active MMP2 (P < 0.05). In immunofluorescence explants showed a localized expression of MMP2 within the healing lesions after irradiation. The PEDF level increased significantly (P = 0.01) after SRT with large spot sizes. VEGF secretion decreased significantly (P < 0.05) following SRT with large spot sizes and with hd treatment of small spot sizes.
CONCLUSIONS. SRT induces a cytokine profile, which may improve the flux across Brach's membrane, slows down progression of early AMD by RPE regeneration, and inhibits the formation of choroidal neovascularization. The cytokine release depends on the size and density of applied laser spots.
The cornea is the most-transplanted tissue worldwide. However, the availability and quality of grafts are limited due to the current methods of corneal storage. In this study, a dynamic bioreactor system is employed to enable the control of intraocular pressure and the culture at the air-liquid interface. Thereby, in vivo-like storage conditions are achieved. Different media combinations for endothelium and epithelium are tested in standard and dynamic conditions to enhance the viability of the tissue. In contrast to culture conditions used in eye banks, the combination of the bioreactor and biochrom medium 1 allows to preserve the corneal endothelium and the epithelium. Assessment of transparency, swelling, and the trans-epithelial-electrical-resistance (TEER) strengthens the impact of the in vivo-like tissue culture. For example, compared to corneas stored under static conditions, significantly lower optical densities and significantly higher TEER values were measured (p-value <0.05). Furthermore, healing of epithelial defects is enabled in the bioreactor, characterized by re-epithelialization and initiated stromal regeneration. Based on the obtained results, an easy-to-use 3D-printed bioreactor composed of only two parts was derived to translate the technology from the laboratory to the eye banks. This optimized bioreactor facilitates noninvasive microscopic monitoring. The improved storage conditions ameliorate the quality of corneal grafts and the storage time in the eye banks to increase availability and reduce re-grafting.
Background:
To report the results of the repair of conjunctival erosions resulting from glaucoma drainage device surgery using collagen-glycosaminoglycane matrices (CGM).
Methods:
Case series of 8 patients who underwent revision surgery due to conjunctival defects with exposed tubes through necrosis of the overlying scleral flap and conjunctiva after Baerveldt drainage device surgery. The defects were repaired by lateral displacement of the tube towards the sclera, with a slice of a CGM as a patch, covered by adjacent conjunctiva.
Result:
Successful, lasting closure (follow-up of 12 to 42 months) of the conjunctival defects was achieved without any side-effects or complications in all eight cases.
Conclusions:
Erosion of the drainage tube, creating buttonholes in the conjunctiva after implantation of glaucoma drainage devices, is a potentially serious problem. It can be managed successfully using a biodegradable CGM as a patch.
Ziel: In dieser Studie soll das Langzeitergebnis des intraokularen Druckes nach Trabekulektomie bei Glaukompatienten mit intensivierter postoperativer Nachsorge bewertet werden.
Material und Methodik: Es wurden die Daten von 168 Patienten (177 Trabekulektomien) ausgewertet, die zum ersten Mal wegen einer Glaukomerkrankung mittels Trabekulektomie (ohne intraoperative Medikamente) an einem oder an beiden Augen operiert wurden. 70 Patienten (73 Trabekulektomien) gehören zur IPC-Gruppe (intensified postoperative care) und 98 Patienten (104 Trabekulektomien) gehören zur no-IPC-Gruppe. Die Ergebnisse beider Untersuchungsgruppen wurden über die Jahre 2000 und 2014 hinweg ausgewertet und miteinander verglichen. Als Erfolg gelten die prozentuale Drucksenkung des IOD von mehr als oder gleich 20% ausgehend vom präoperativen Basiswert und ein IOD von weniger als oder gleich 21mmHg über den gesamten Nachbeobachtungszeitraum mit Beeinflussung durch Medikamente (qualified success) oder ohne Beeinflussung durch Medikamente (complete success).
Ergebnisse: Der relative Operationserfolg lag in beiden Beobachtungszeiträume bei jeweils über 90%. Der absolute Operationserfolg war im Jahr 2000 mit n=46 in der IPC-Gruppe häufiger als in der no-IPC-Gruppe (n=40). Die no-IPC-Gruppe brauchte insgesamt fast doppelt so viele Medikamente (n=63; 35,6%) wie die IPC- Gruppe (n=26; 14,7%). Die Anzahl der verwendeten Medikamente verdoppelte sich fast vom Jahr 2000 (n=89) bis zum Jahr 2014 (n=162). Über den zweiten Beobachtungszeitraum wurden alle Fälle der beiden Untersuchungsgruppen mit Medikamenten behandelt.
Schlussfolgerung: Ein absoluter Operationserfolg konnte nur in den ersten fünf Jahren postoperativ gewährleistet werden, dafür aber in knapp 50% der Fälle. Obwohl durch eine intensivierte Nachsorge der Operationserfolg ohne zusätzliche drucksenkende Medikamente nahezu verdoppelt werden kann, ist es momentan noch nicht möglich durch eine intensivierte Nachsorge langfristig auf eine postoperative Glaukommedikation zu verzichten.