Refine
Year of publication
- 2014 (589) (remove)
Document Type
- Journal article (435)
- Doctoral Thesis (147)
- Review (3)
- Working Paper (2)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
- Report (1)
Language
- English (589) (remove)
Keywords
- gene expression (12)
- expression (10)
- Maus (8)
- apoptosis (7)
- cancer (7)
- metabolism (7)
- phosphorylation (7)
- escherichia coli (6)
- flow cytometry (6)
- lymphoma (6)
- Thrombozyt (5)
- antibodies (5)
- cytokines (5)
- cytoskeleton (5)
- dendritic cells (5)
- disease (5)
- gene (5)
- immune response (5)
- in-vitro (5)
- infection (5)
- mice (5)
- proliferation (5)
- protein (5)
- virulence (5)
- B cells (4)
- Genexpression (4)
- Germany (4)
- MRI (4)
- Regulation (4)
- T cells (4)
- T-Lymphozyt (4)
- activation (4)
- blood pressure (4)
- body mass index (4)
- brain (4)
- breast cancer (4)
- cancer treatment (4)
- cell staining (4)
- cells (4)
- children (4)
- fMRI (4)
- immunoprecipitation (4)
- in-vivo (4)
- inflammation (4)
- ischemic stroke (4)
- messenger RNA (4)
- molecular docking (4)
- oxidative stress (4)
- platelets (4)
- stroke (4)
- survival (4)
- therapy (4)
- traumatic brain injury (4)
- ADHD (3)
- Biodiversität (3)
- Climate Change (3)
- EEG (3)
- ERP (3)
- Echinococcus (3)
- Klimaänderung (3)
- Leistungsbewertung (3)
- Molekularbiologie (3)
- NF-KAPPA-B (3)
- Netzwerk (3)
- Organische Solarzelle (3)
- Organischer Halbleiter (3)
- RapidEye (3)
- Rechnungslegung (3)
- Spintronik (3)
- Structural Biology (3)
- Taufliege (3)
- Thrombose (3)
- Topologischer Isolator (3)
- Transkriptionsfaktor (3)
- Trypanosoma brucei (3)
- amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis (3)
- analysis of variance (3)
- ants (3)
- asthma (3)
- bacteria (3)
- biodiversity (3)
- blood (3)
- blood flow (3)
- burden (3)
- crystal structure (3)
- diet (3)
- diversity (3)
- drosophila melanogaster (3)
- ecology (3)
- efficacy (3)
- electronic structure (3)
- epithelial cells (3)
- evidence-based medicine (3)
- evolution (3)
- fluorescence (3)
- food-cues (3)
- genome (3)
- growth (3)
- guidelines (3)
- indication for surgery (3)
- kidneys (3)
- laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (3)
- metastasis (3)
- miRNA (3)
- miRNS (3)
- microarray (3)
- neurons (3)
- neuropathic pain (3)
- obesity (3)
- perioperative management (3)
- platelet activation (3)
- platelet aggregation (3)
- positron emission tomography (3)
- protein domains (3)
- rat (3)
- reveals (3)
- stress (3)
- ARPES (2)
- Akt (2)
- Angiogenese (2)
- Angst (2)
- Apoptosis (2)
- Arteriosklerose (2)
- Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Syndrom (2)
- Autonomous UAV (2)
- B-cells (2)
- Bestäuber (2)
- Bevacizumab (2)
- Bilanzpolitik (2)
- Bioinformatik (2)
- Blutstillung (2)
- Calcium (2)
- Cancer (2)
- China (2)
- Chronophin (2)
- DAPI staining (2)
- DNS-Schädigung (2)
- Depression (2)
- Deutschland (2)
- Diversity (2)
- ELISPOT (2)
- Elektronentransfer (2)
- Entwicklung (2)
- Epigenetik (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Excitons (2)
- Femtosekundenspektroskopie (2)
- Fernerkundung (2)
- Fettgewebe (2)
- Galliumarsenid (2)
- Gammastrahlung (2)
- Gibbs free energy of binding (2)
- Glioblastoma (2)
- HIV (2)
- HNSCC (2)
- Hearing loss (2)
- Heterostruktur (2)
- Hfq (2)
- Hämostase (2)
- Hörverlust (2)
- Immunologie (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Inhibitor (2)
- Interference microscopy (2)
- Kernspintomografie (2)
- Kernspintomographie (2)
- Kilimandscharo (2)
- Kilimanjaro (2)
- LASP1 (2)
- MAP-Kinase (2)
- MS (2)
- Makrophage (2)
- Medizin (2)
- Meeresschwämme (2)
- Merkel cell carcinoma (2)
- Monoklonaler Antikörper (2)
- Multiple myeloma (2)
- NET (2)
- Nachhaltigkeit (2)
- Nahfeldoptik (2)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2)
- Neisseria meningitidis (2)
- Neurodegeneration (2)
- Optische Spektroskopie (2)
- PRRT (2)
- Parkinson's disease (2)
- Parkinsons disease (2)
- Photovoltaik (2)
- Platelet (2)
- Positron emission tomography (2)
- RNA extraction (2)
- RNA-SEQ (2)
- Rashba effect (2)
- Ratte (2)
- Rezension (2)
- Rhabdomyosarcoma (2)
- Rituximab (2)
- Scanning microscopy (2)
- Sensor (2)
- Signaltransduktion (2)
- Software Defined Networking (2)
- Splicing (2)
- Staphylococcus aureus (2)
- Sternpolymere (2)
- Stoffwechsel (2)
- TerraSAR-X (2)
- Tissue Engineering (2)
- Transcription factor (2)
- Ultrakurzzeitspektroskopie (2)
- West Africa (2)
- Westafrika (2)
- Wirtschaftsprüfung (2)
- Zellzyklus (2)
- absolute configuration (2)
- accelerometer (2)
- actins (2)
- adults (2)
- aging (2)
- angiogenesis (2)
- antigenic variation (2)
- anxiety (2)
- aorta (2)
- apis mellifera (2)
- archaea (2)
- aspergillus fumigatus (2)
- atherosclerosis (2)
- autophagy (2)
- bees (2)
- binding (2)
- bioactivity (2)
- biological locomotion (2)
- biological sciences (2)
- biomarker (2)
- biomarkers (2)
- biosynthesis (2)
- blood-brain barrier (2)
- body weight (2)
- calcium imaging (2)
- carbohydrates (2)
- carcinomas (2)
- cell cultures (2)
- central nervous system (2)
- chemokines (2)
- chemotherapy (2)
- chronic kidney disease (2)
- clothing (2)
- communication (2)
- comparative genomics (2)
- complex (2)
- consciousness (2)
- crosstalk (2)
- culture (2)
- cytotoxic T cells (2)
- death rates (2)
- density functional theory (2)
- depression (2)
- dereplication (2)
- diagnosis (2)
- diagnostic medicine (2)
- dieting success (2)
- dopamine (2)
- down regulation (2)
- drug delivery (2)
- eating behavior (2)
- echocardiography (2)
- energy metabolism (2)
- enzyme-linked immunoassays (2)
- epidemiology (2)
- epigenetics (2)
- event-related potentials (2)
- factor XII (2)
- factor-I (2)
- fish model (2)
- follicular lymphoma (2)
- follow-up (2)
- foraging (2)
- fungal structure (2)
- fungi (2)
- gait (2)
- games (2)
- gastric cancer (2)
- gene regulation (2)
- genes (2)
- glioma (2)
- glycolysis (2)
- green fluorescent protein (2)
- gyroscope (2)
- heart (2)
- hospitalizations (2)
- humans (2)
- hypertension (2)
- identification (2)
- immunohistochemistry techniques (2)
- inhibition (2)
- inhibitors (2)
- integrins (2)
- leishmaniasis (2)
- lipid bilayer (2)
- lung and intrathoracic tumors (2)
- lymphocytes (2)
- macrophage (2)
- macrophages (2)
- man-computer interface (2)
- management (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- meiosis (2)
- melanoma (2)
- membrane (2)
- membrane proteins (2)
- messenger-RNA (2)
- midazolam (2)
- model (2)
- molecular beam epitaxy (2)
- multiple sclerosis (2)
- mutations (2)
- myocardial infarction (2)
- necrosis-factor-alpha (2)
- nervous system (2)
- neuroscience (2)
- oncolytic viruses (2)
- opioids (2)
- organization (2)
- oscillation (2)
- outbreak (2)
- ovarian cancer (2)
- oxygen uptake (2)
- oxygenation (2)
- panic disorder (2)
- perception (2)
- photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- phylogenetic analysis (2)
- phylogenetic trees (2)
- plasmodium falciparum (2)
- pollination (2)
- polyneuropathy (2)
- poor prognosis (2)
- population (2)
- prediction (2)
- predictive value (2)
- prognosis (2)
- progression (2)
- prostate cancer (2)
- protein aggregation (2)
- protein-protein interactions (2)
- proteins (2)
- pulmonary hypertension (2)
- recruitment (2)
- regulatory T cells (2)
- relapse (2)
- remote sensing (2)
- renal cancer (2)
- replication (2)
- resistance (2)
- responses (2)
- risk (2)
- risk factors (2)
- saccharomyces cerevisiae (2)
- scanning electron microscopy (2)
- scanning tunneling microscopy (2)
- secondary lung tumors (2)
- secretion (2)
- sepsis (2)
- sequence (2)
- sequence alignment (2)
- sex chromosomes (2)
- small interfering RNAs (2)
- solar cells (2)
- spin–orbit coupling (2)
- sponges (2)
- staphylococcus aureus (2)
- stem-cell transplantation (2)
- strains (2)
- stress resistance (2)
- stromal cells (2)
- superconductivity (2)
- surgical oncology (2)
- susceptibility (2)
- synaptic plasticity (2)
- target (2)
- telomeres (2)
- textile (2)
- time series (2)
- tissue saturation index (2)
- topological insulators (2)
- transcription (2)
- transcription factors (2)
- transcriptome (2)
- transcriptomics (2)
- transplantation (2)
- tumor (2)
- type 2 diabetes (2)
- tyrosine (2)
- ubiquitination (2)
- validation (2)
- venous system (2)
- video analysis (2)
- virtual reality (2)
- weight loss (2)
- young children (2)
- γδ T cells (2)
- "-omics" (1)
- (Ga,Mn)As (1)
- 17beta-Estradiol (1)
- 17beta-estradiol (1)
- 18-F-fluorothymidine uptake (1)
- 18FDG-PET/CT (1)
- 2 PM (1)
- 2-APB (1)
- 3D (1)
- 3D Sensor (1)
- 3D Vision (1)
- 3D microscopy (1)
- 3D models (1)
- 3′ UTR (1)
- 5-Fluorouracil (1)
- 5-HT1A receptor (1)
- 5-bromodeoxyuridine (1)
- 5IA-SPECT (1)
- 60-nucleotide duplication (1)
- 6DOF Pose Estimation (1)
- A-D (1)
- AAER (1)
- AAPA (1)
- ABL gene (1)
- ACH-2 (1)
- AG(110) (1)
- ALCL (1)
- ALS (1)
- ANOVA (1)
- ARF tumor-suppressor induced lymphomagenes (1)
- ART outcome (1)
- ASSET4 (1)
- ATG (1)
- ATG8 (1)
- ATLAS <Teilchendetektor> (1)
- ATM gene (1)
- ATP-binding cassette transporter (1)
- AVHRR (1)
- AVHRR data (1)
- Aberration (1)
- Abschlussprüferhonorar (1)
- Accelerometry (1)
- Ackerrandstreifen (1)
- Actinoide (1)
- Actinokineospora (1)
- Action feedback (1)
- Adapterprotein (1)
- Addiction (1)
- Adipose Tissue (1)
- Adolf Hurwitz (1)
- Adsorptionsschicht (1)
- Adult (1)
- African Trypanosomes (1)
- Agricultural land use (1)
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1)
- Aktiver galaktischer Kern (1)
- Akzeptorgruppe (1)
- Akzessibilität (1)
- Algebraic Curves (1)
- Algebraische Kurve (1)
- Alkaline phosphatase (1)
- Allophrynidae (1)
- Alpaca (1)
- Ameisen (1)
- Amu Darya (1)
- Analgesia (1)
- Analgesie (1)
- Analysis of Variance (1)
- Anaphylaxis (1)
- Aneuploidy (1)
- Angiogenesis (1)
- Animal model (1)
- Antenne (1)
- Antiangiogenese (1)
- Antibiotikum (1)
- Anticoagulants (1)
- Antigen CD4 (1)
- Antigen CD40 (1)
- Antigen CD8 (1)
- Antiinfektiva (1)
- Antikörper (1)
- Antimikrobieller Wirkstoff (1)
- Antimonverbindungen (1)
- Anura (1)
- Approximationsalgorithmus (1)
- Arginine (1)
- Argonaute (1)
- Arten-Energy-Theory (1)
- Arterial Diameters (1)
- Aseptic loosening (1)
- Association (1)
- Assoziation (1)
- Astrocytic tumor (1)
- Astrozytom (1)
- Atemwege (1)
- Atherosclerosis (1)
- Atomic-force-microscopy (1)
- Attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (1)
- Aufgabenwechsel (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Syndrom (1)
- Auftauschicht (1)
- Aurora B (1)
- Autoaggressionskrankheit (1)
- Autoimmunität (1)
- Autonomer Roboter (1)
- Autoreduzierbarkeit (1)
- B cell receptors (1)
- B-Lymphozyt (1)
- B-Zell-Lymphom (1)
- BCL-X-L P53 (1)
- BCR-ABL (1)
- BDNF (1)
- BEGIN stimuli (1)
- BETA(2)-adrenergic receptor (1)
- BH3-only proteins (1)
- BTN3 (1)
- BTN3A1 and Phospho-antigen presentation (1)
- Bach (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Baltic Sea (1)
- Bank (1)
- Barbed suture (1)
- Barbed suture material (1)
- Benzimidazoles (1)
- Berger-Parker (1)
- Bestimmung des Relaxations-Parameters in der Magnetresonanztomografie (1)
- Bestäubungsökologie (1)
- Beta-1-Rezeptor (1)
- Bevölkerung / Sozialstruktur (1)
- Bharatiya Janata Party (1)
- Bias (1)
- Bienen <Überfamilie> (1)
- Bildauflösung (1)
- Bilderzeugung (1)
- Bildgebendes Verfahren (1)
- Bildgebung (1)
- Bildverarbeitung (1)
- Bilharziose (1)
- Bioanorganische Chemie (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biologische Uhr (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomedicine (1)
- Bioreactor System (1)
- Biosphärenreservat Sian Ka'an (1)
- Bipolar disorder (1)
- Bismut (1)
- Bisphosphonates (1)
- Blattflächenindex (1)
- Blattschneiderameisen (1)
- Blei (1)
- Bodennutzung (1)
- Bombus (1)
- Bombus Spp. Hymenoptera (1)
- Bone regeneration (1)
- Bone tumor (1)
- Borneo (1)
- Botanischer Garten (1)
- Brain (1)
- Brain-computer interface (1)
- Brassica napus (1)
- Breast cancer cells (1)
- Brustdrüse (1)
- Brustdrüsenentzündung (1)
- Brüder Hurwitz (1)
- Bumblebee (1)
- Burkitt Lymphom (1)
- Burkitt Lymphoma (1)
- Burma (1)
- Butterfly (1)
- C(-1019)G polymorphism (1)
- C-13-metabolic flux analysis (1)
- C-MYC (1)
- C-MYC PUMA (1)
- C-Terminus (1)
- C1-inhibitor (1)
- C57BL/6 mice (1)
- C6 (1)
- CASP (1)
- CASPASE-3 (1)
- CCD (1)
- CCDC79 (1)
- CCN1 (1)
- CD coreceptors (1)
- CD/metabolism (1)
- CD20 (1)
- CD27 (1)
- CD39 (1)
- CD4(+) (1)
- CD4(+) T-cells (1)
- CD40 (1)
- CD40 gerichteter bifunktioneller scFv-TRAIL Fusionsproteine (1)
- CD40 ligand (1)
- CD40-targeted bifunctional scFv-TRAIL fusion proteins (1)
- CD40L (1)
- CD46 (1)
- CD70 (1)
- CD73 (1)
- CD8(+) (1)
- CK2 (1)
- CLAVATA3 (1)
- CLEC-2 ITAM (1)
- CML (1)
- CNS Myelination (1)
- CNVs (1)
- COMPLEX 1 (1)
- COMT polymorphism (1)
- CORMs (1)
- CPP-GMR (1)
- CRKL (1)
- CSVD (1)
- CYP2W1 (1)
- Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ channel (1)
- Calciumhomöostase (1)
- Calciumkanal (1)
- Cancer treatment (1)
- Candida albicans (1)
- Candidate Phylum Poribacteria (1)
- Cardiac hypertrophy (1)
- Cardiomyocytes (1)
- Cascades (1)
- Caspase 3/7 activity (1)
- Catechine (1)
- Catecholmethyltransferase <Catechol-0-Methyltransferase> (1)
- Cav2.2 (1)
- Cell Cycle (1)
- Cell viability, (1)
- Cellular invasion (1)
- Central Asia (1)
- Central venous access (1)
- Centrolenidae (1)
- Cestoda (1)
- Cestode (1)
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (1)
- Charge Carrier Generation (1)
- Charges recombination (1)
- Chemokin CXCL10 (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Chirurgie (1)
- Chlamydia (1)
- Chlamydia trachomatis (1)
- Chlamydia-trachomatis-Infektion (1)
- Cholesterinstoffwechsel (1)
- Chondrosarcoma (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Chromosom 6 (1)
- Chromosomal Passenger Complex (1)
- Chromosome 6 (1)
- Chronic Mild Stres (1)
- Chronic disease (1)
- Chronic kidney disease (1)
- Chronobiologie (1)
- Circadian Rhythms (1)
- Civil Society (1)
- Click-Chemie (1)
- Climate (1)
- Cloud Gaming (1)
- Coagulation factor IX (1)
- Coexpression (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- Collybistin (1)
- Combination therapy (1)
- Complex Continued Fractions (1)
- Compressed Sensing (1)
- Computer Vision (1)
- Computertomographie (1)
- Conditioned inhibition (1)
- Conditioning (1)
- Conjugate function (1)
- Convoy Protection (1)
- Cooperative UAV (1)
- Copy number variation (1)
- Cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (1)
- Corporate Financial Performance (1)
- Corporate Governance (1)
- Corporate Sustainability (1)
- Correlates (1)
- Costa Rica (1)
- Coulomb-Blockade (1)
- Coumarin (1)
- Craving (1)
- Crohns-disease (1)
- Cross-species analyses (1)
- Crosstalk (1)
- CsrA (1)
- CuAAC 'click' reaction (1)
- Cue (1)
- Cushing’s syndrome (1)
- Cyclophosphamide (1)
- Cytokine (1)
- Cytokines (1)
- Cytoskeleton Chromosomal Passenger Complex Interaction GAR Domain (1)
- D insufficiency (1)
- D serum-levels (1)
- DC optimization (1)
- DEL(5Q) (1)
- DETC (1)
- DHAP (1)
- DLBCL (1)
- DLX5/6 (1)
- DM-domain gene (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA Repair (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA glycosation (1)
- DNA lesion (1)
- DNA methylation (1)
- DNA methyltransferase gene (1)
- DNA repair (1)
- DNA repair protraction (1)
- DNA-binding domain (1)
- DNA-binding proteins (1)
- DNA-damage checkpoint (1)
- DNMT3A (1)
- DNMT3B (1)
- DNS-Reparatur (1)
- DNS-Schaden (1)
- DOPA-responsive-dystonia (1)
- DOT1 methyltransferase (1)
- DPR Deutsche Prüfstelle für Rechnungslegung (1)
- DSM-5 (1)
- DSM-IV (1)
- DWI (1)
- DYNC1I1 (1)
- Data Fusion (1)
- Data Mining (1)
- Dauerfrostboden (1)
- Decentralized formation control (1)
- Deep sequencing (1)
- Demethylierung (1)
- Dendrimere (1)
- Dendrimers (1)
- Dendritische Zelle (1)
- Dendritische Zellen (1)
- Der Granatapfelbaum (1)
- Deregulierung (1)
- Diels–Alder reaction (1)
- Differential GPS (DGPS) (1)
- Dimension 3 (1)
- Dimerisierung (1)
- Directed Flight (1)
- Disordered semiconductor (1)
- Dissemination (1)
- Distributed Control (1)
- Domain-specific approach (1)
- Donorgruppe (1)
- Driver Assistance Systems (1)
- Drosophila (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster (1)
- Drought (1)
- Drug allergy (1)
- Drug reaction (1)
- Dual RNA-seq (1)
- Dual gap function (1)
- Dualitätstheorie (1)
- Durchsetzung der Rechnungslegung (1)
- Dynamic stopping (1)
- Dynein Light Chain (1)
- Dyson orbitals (1)
- Dysplasie (1)
- Dünne Schicht (1)
- EBM (1)
- EGFR (1)
- END stimuli (1)
- ERCC1-XPF (1)
- ERCC4 (1)
- ERK (1)
- ERK signaling cascade (1)
- ERM proteins (1)
- ERPs (1)
- ESG (environmental, social, governance) (1)
- ESM (1)
- Eap (1)
- Early collision warning (1)
- Echinococcosis (1)
- Echinococcus multilocularis (1)
- Ectopic bone formation (1)
- Einfluss (1)
- Einzel-Molekül (1)
- Einzelmolekülmikroskopie (1)
- Elections in India (1)
- Electron Transfer (1)
- Elektroakupunktur (1)
- Elektrochemie (1)
- Elektron-Transfer (1)
- Elektronen Tunneln (1)
- Elektronenspin (1)
- Elektronenstruktur (1)
- Elektronentransport (1)
- Elektronische Eigenschaft (1)
- Embodied Cleansing (1)
- Embodied Cognition (1)
- Embodiment (1)
- Embryonale Stammzelle (1)
- Empirical Analysis (1)
- Empirische Forschung (1)
- Endocytose (1)
- Endogenous opioids (1)
- Endpoint Mobility (1)
- Energie-Transfer (1)
- Energy Harvesting (1)
- Energy Transfer (1)
- Engadin (1)
- Entzündung (1)
- Environmental Performance (1)
- EpCAM (1)
- Epigenetic (1)
- Erdrutsch (1)
- Ernährung (1)
- Erwachsener (1)
- Erwinia amylovora (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Escherichia coli infections (1)
- Escherichia coli-Hfq (1)
- Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (1)
- Essgewohnheit (1)
- Essverhalten (1)
- Estradiol (1)
- Europe (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Event-related potentials (1)
- Excited states spectroscopy (1)
- Exekutive Funktionen (1)
- Exercise testing (1)
- Exotics (1)
- Experimental Physics (1)
- Experimental physics (1)
- Explorative analyses (1)
- Expression (1)
- Extraocular eye muscles (1)
- Extrazelluläre Matrix (1)
- Extremwert (1)
- FADD (1)
- FANCP (1)
- FDG-PET (1)
- FDG-PET/CT (1)
- FISH (1)
- FLS2 receptor (1)
- FLT-PET (1)
- FMRI (1)
- FNIRS (1)
- FOSMN (1)
- FREP (1)
- Fabry disease (1)
- Facial EMG (1)
- Fahrerassistenz (1)
- Fahrerassistenzsysteme (1)
- Fanconi Anemia (1)
- Fanconi-Anämie (1)
- Farbstoff (1)
- Fbw7 (1)
- Fear conditioning (1)
- Fermi-Flüssigkeit (1)
- Fermionensystem (1)
- Fibrin (1)
- Fibromyalgia syndrome (1)
- Finanzierung (1)
- Flexor tendon repair (1)
- Fluorescence Upconversion (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluoreszenz Aufkonversion (1)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (1)
- Foldamere (1)
- Foldamers (1)
- Food Carvings Questionnaire (1)
- Food Cravings Questionnaires (1)
- Food craving (1)
- Forest management (1)
- Fotovoltaik (1)
- Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T cell (1)
- French-Canadian patients (1)
- Froschlurche (1)
- Frühe Kollisionswarnungen (1)
- Fuchsbandwurm (1)
- Function (1)
- Function Fields (1)
- Funktionelle Kernspintomographie (1)
- Funktionenkörper (1)
- G protein-coupled receptor (1)
- GAAS (1)
- GAS2L3 (1)
- GCH1 (1)
- GFP (1)
- GH response (1)
- GIS-based Modelling (1)
- GLV-1 h153 (1)
- GPS Reciever (1)
- GTL2 (1)
- GUT (1)
- GVHD (1)
- GWAS (1)
- Galectine (1)
- Galois theory (1)
- Galoistheorie (1)
- Gamma-Burst (1)
- Gammaastronomie (1)
- Gebirgspermafrost (1)
- Gecko (1)
- Geleitzug (1)
- Gen notch (1)
- Gen-Knockout (1)
- Gene regulation (1)
- Gene sets (1)
- Gene therapy (1)
- General Circulation Model (1)
- Generalized Nash equilibrium (1)
- Generalized Probabilistic Theories (1)
- Generic questionnaire (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genotype-phenotype association (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Genyue ji (1)
- Geoinformationssystem (1)
- Geophysics (1)
- Geophysikalische Methoden (1)
- Gephyrin (1)
- Gerinnungsfaktor XII (1)
- Germinative cell (1)
- Geschichte 2014 (1)
- Gesundheitsgefährdung (1)
- Giantmagnetoresistance (1)
- Glacier forefield (1)
- Glatiramer acetate (1)
- Gletschervorfeld (1)
- Glioblastom (1)
- Glioblastoma cell line (1)
- Glioblastoma multiforme (1)
- Gliom (1)
- Glioma (1)
- Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) (1)
- Global Positioning System (GPS) (1)
- Glucosetransporter (1)
- Glucosetransportproteine (1)
- Glutamat-Decarboxylase (1)
- Glutathione (1)
- Graph (1)
- Graphenzeichnen (1)
- Grasses (1)
- Graves disease (1)
- Ground surface temperature (1)
- Grundlage (1)
- Grundlagen der Quantentheorie (1)
- Guillain-Barre-Syndrome (1)
- HAD phosphatase (1)
- HCV genotype-2 (1)
- HER2 (1)
- HERV-K (1)
- HIP osteoarthritis (1)
- HIV-1 protease (1)
- HPA Axis (1)
- HUWE1 (1)
- Halb-Heusler Legierung NiMnSb (1)
- Halbleiterphysik (1)
- Half Heusler alloy NiMnSb (1)
- Haloacid dehalogenase (1)
- Halothane (1)
- HeLa cells (1)
- Head (1)
- Health promotion (1)
- Health-determinants (1)
- Heavy Fermion Systems (1)
- Heilung (1)
- Heißhunger (1)
- Helferzelle (1)
- Hematopoietic stem cell ex-vivo expansion (1)
- Herbivory (1)
- Herzinfarkt (1)
- Herzinsuffizienz (1)
- Herzmuskelzelle (1)
- Herzthoraxchirurgie (1)
- Hesse (1)
- Heusler (1)
- Heuslersche Legierung (1)
- Hey Proteine (1)
- Hey proteins (1)
- HgTe (1)
- Hickman catheter (1)
- Hidden-Order of URu2Si2 (1)
- High-fat diet (1)
- Hill's powers (1)
- Hirschsprung disease (1)
- Histon-Methyltransferase (1)
- Histone (1)
- Hochauflösendes Verfahren (1)
- Hochenergieastronomie (1)
- Hochschulschrift (1)
- Honeybee (1)
- Host-parasite interaction (1)
- Host-pathogen interactions (1)
- Huayanggong jishi (1)
- Hubbard model (1)
- Hubbard-Modell (1)
- Hubbard-model (1)
- Human endogenous retrovirus (1)
- Hurwitz spaces (1)
- Hurwitz-Raum (1)
- Hydra <Polyp> (1)
- Hypercortisolism (1)
- Hyperkalaemia (1)
- Hypertrophie (1)
- Hypertrophy (1)
- Hypopharyngeal glands (1)
- Hypophysen-Zwischenhirn-System (1)
- Hypothalamisch-hypophysäre Achse (1)
- Hämatopoese (1)
- Hämsotase (1)
- Höhengradient (1)
- I-lactate (1)
- I-tasser (1)
- IC 310 (1)
- ICF2 (1)
- ICL (1)
- ICSI (1)
- IGF-I (1)
- IGF1 (1)
- II citrullinemia (1)
- IL28B polymorphisms (1)
- IMSI (1)
- ISS (1)
- ITAM (1)
- ITAM-signalling (1)
- ITS2 (1)
- IctP (1)
- Ighmbp2 (1)
- Il 4 (1)
- Image Processing (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Immunohistochemistry (1)
- Immunosuppression (1)
- Immunsystem (1)
- Impact-Faktor (1)
- Impedanzspektroskopie (1)
- Improved survival (1)
- In vitro (1)
- In vitro rat (1)
- In vivo Imaging (1)
- Incentive motivation (1)
- Indian National Congress (1)
- Indien <Parliament> (1)
- Infection imaging (1)
- Infektion (1)
- Infektionsbildgebung (1)
- Infektionsbiologie (1)
- Inflammatory pain (1)
- Inhalation (1)
- Innere Uhr (1)
- Insects (1)
- Insulin (1)
- Interferon <Gamma-> (1)
- Interleukin-2 (1)
- Interleukin-5 (1)
- Intravital imaging (1)
- Invasion (1)
- Iowa Gambling Task (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Jahresabschluss (1)
- Japankärpfling (1)
- Julius Hurwitz (1)
- KSR1 (1)
- Kaifeng (1)
- Kaiser Huizong (1)
- Kaiser test (1)
- Kaposi sarcoma (1)
- Kartierung (1)
- Kaskaden (1)
- Kenyon cells (1)
- Kettenbruch (1)
- Kidney cancer (1)
- Kinase inhibitor (1)
- Kinasen (1)
- Klassische Konditionierung (1)
- Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (1)
- Klima (1)
- Klimaschwankung (1)
- Knochenmarktransplantation (1)
- Knockout <Molekulargenetik> (1)
- Knockout mouse (1)
- Knockout-Maus (1)
- Knorpelzelle (1)
- Knotless tendon repair (1)
- Knowledge engineering (1)
- Kognitive Kontrolle (1)
- Kohlenhydrate (1)
- Kohlenmonoxid (1)
- Kommunikationssystem (1)
- Komplexitätsklasse (1)
- Komplexitätstheorie (1)
- Konditionierung (1)
- Kondo-Effekt (1)
- Kondo-Modell (1)
- Konflikt (1)
- Konfliktbewältigung (1)
- Konfokale Mikroskopie (1)
- Konjugierte Polymere (1)
- Konstruktive Didaktik (1)
- Kontingenz (1)
- Konvoi (1)
- Kosmische Strahlung (1)
- Krebs <Medizin> (1)
- Kreuzung (1)
- Kreuzungsminimierung (1)
- Kristallfläche (1)
- Kuh (1)
- Kurve (1)
- Käfer (1)
- L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesia (1)
- LAALO3/SRTIO3 interfaces (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LCK (1)
- LCST (1)
- LNCaP (1)
- LPS (1)
- Labial glands (1)
- Ladungsträgergenerierung (1)
- Landkartenbeschriftung (1)
- Landnutzungsgradient (1)
- Landschaftsgarten (1)
- Landslide Susceptibility (1)
- Langlebigkeit (1)
- Larvae (1)
- Larve (1)
- Laser Doppler vibrometer (1)
- Laserspektroskopie (1)
- Latrophilin receptor (1)
- Learning (1)
- Leaves (1)
- Lebenszyklus (1)
- Legumes (1)
- Leishmania (1)
- Leishmaniose (1)
- Leptin (1)
- Leptoquark (1)
- Lernen (1)
- Lernort (1)
- Lineares System (1)
- Lok Sabha (1)
- Longitudinal analysis (1)
- Low-fat diet (1)
- Lung cancer (1)
- Lysine (1)
- Lysosomal storage disease (1)
- MAG3 (1)
- MAGIC-Teleskop (1)
- MAP Kinase Signaling (1)
- MAPK (1)
- MAPK signaling cascades (1)
- MCL-1 (1)
- MDS (1)
- MFM (1)
- MHC molecules (1)
- MIR-155 (1)
- MIZ1 (1)
- MMN (1)
- MODIS (1)
- MOPC315.BM (1)
- MRI criteria (1)
- MRT (1)
- MVT (1)
- MYC (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry (1)
- Magnetische Anisotropie (1)
- Magnetresonanz-Relaxometrie (1)
- Maintenance treatment (1)
- Makrophagen (1)
- Malaria (1)
- Malaria tropica (1)
- Malignant hyperthermia (1)
- Manganarsenide (1)
- Mangankomplexe (1)
- Manganverbindungen (1)
- Mania (1)
- Marine sponge (1)
- Marokko (1)
- Maschinelles Sehen (1)
- Massenbewegung <Geomorphologie> (1)
- Massentrachten (1)
- Mastocytosis (1)
- Matlab (1)
- Mbm (1)
- MeDALL (1)
- Measurement invariance (1)
- Mediterranean (1)
- Mehrkriterielle Optimierung (1)
- Meiose (1)
- Melanom (1)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- Mesenchymzelle (1)
- Mesocestoides vogae (1)
- Metabolic Modelling (1)
- Metabolischen Modellierung (1)
- Metabolismus (1)
- Metalloproteinasen (1)
- Metastases (1)
- Metatranscriptomics (1)
- Methylene blue (1)
- Methylphenidat (1)
- Mexican coffee plantations (1)
- Mexico (1)
- Mexiko (1)
- MicroRNA (1)
- Microbial community (1)
- Microcavity devices (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikroskopie (1)
- Milchdrüse (1)
- Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (1)
- Mitotizität (1)
- Mittelmeerraum (1)
- Mittelstand (1)
- Mobile Sensor Network (1)
- Mobiles Internet (1)
- Model Based Reconstruction Algorithms in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modellbasierte-Rekonstruktionsalgorithmen in der Magnetresonanztomografie (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Modifizierung (1)
- Molecular imaging (1)
- Molekulare Bildgebung (1)
- Molekulare Erkennung (1)
- Molekulargenetik (1)
- Molekularstrahl Epitaxie (1)
- Molekularstrahlepitaxie (1)
- Monitorüberwachung (1)
- Monodromie (1)
- Monodromy (1)
- Monopolar depression (1)
- Monoschicht (1)
- Monte-Carlo-Simulation (1)
- Morocco (1)
- Morris Water Maze (1)
- Motivation (1)
- Mountain permafrost (1)
- Mucin (1)
- Multidimensionale Spektroskopie (1)
- Multidrug-Resistenz (1)
- Multiwellenlängen (1)
- Murine models of thrombosis and haemostasis (1)
- Mushroom bodies (1)
- Mustererkennung (1)
- Mutagenese (1)
- Myanmar (1)
- Myc (1)
- Myokardinfarkt (1)
- N-Myc (1)
- N-acetyllactosamine (1)
- N400 (1)
- NEIL2 (1)
- NF-kB (1)
- NFAT (1)
- NFATc1 (1)
- NFκB (1)
- NK cells (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR fingerprint (1)
- NMR-Tomographie (1)
- NRPS (1)
- NSAIDs (1)
- NTCDA (1)
- NVP-BEZ235 (1)
- NVP-BGT226 (1)
- Nahfeld Optik (1)
- Nahrung (1)
- Nanoantenne (1)
- Nanodiamant (1)
- Nanodiamond (1)
- Nanog protein (1)
- Nanooptics (1)
- Nanooptik (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nanoröhre (1)
- Nanos (1)
- Nanostruktur (1)
- Nash-Gleichgewicht (1)
- Natural Hazards (1)
- Neanderthal (1)
- Nekrose (1)
- Neoblast (1)
- Nernst effect (1)
- Nernst-Effekt (1)
- Nervenzelle (1)
- Nestbau (1)
- Netzwerkmanagement (1)
- Neuroblast (1)
- Neuroblastom (1)
- Neuroligin 2 (1)
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (1)
- Neuronale Plastizität (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- Neuropeptide Hormone (1)
- Neuropeptidhormon (1)
- Neuroplasticity (1)
- Neurowissenschaften (1)
- Neutrino (1)
- Neutrino mass mixing (1)
- New Zealand (1)
- Newman strain sae (1)
- Nfatc1 (1)
- Nicht-lokale Korrelationen (1)
- Nichtglatte Optimierung (1)
- Nichtlineare Spektroskopie (1)
- Nickelverbindungen (1)
- Nicotine (1)
- Nierenfunktion (1)
- Nikaido-Isoda function (1)
- Nogo-A (1)
- Non-invasive imaging (1)
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (1)
- Nonlocal Correlations (1)
- North American (1)
- Northeastern Costa Rica (1)
- Northern Xinjiang (1)
- Notch Signalweg (1)
- Notch signalling (1)
- Novel PI3K (1)
- Novobiocin (1)
- Nuclear imaging (1)
- Nukleosynthese (1)
- OCD (1)
- ODMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- OGG1 (1)
- Oberflächenplasmonresonanz (1)
- Oct4 (1)
- Oncogene (1)
- Oncolytic Virotherapy (1)
- Onkogen (1)
- Onkolyse (1)
- Oocytes (1)
- Opioid receptor (1)
- Opioidpeptide (1)
- Optical coherence tomography (1)
- Optimal control (1)
- Optimale Regelung (1)
- Optimalwertregelung (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Optimization (1)
- Optische Fernerkundung (1)
- Orai1 (1)
- Organic Photovoltaics (1)
- Organic Semiconductors (1)
- Organic semiconductors (1)
- Organische Synthese (1)
- Organisches Molekül (1)
- Out-of-school learning settings (1)
- OxyR (1)
- Oxygen uptake (1)
- P-cresyl sulfate (1)
- P-gp inhibitors (1)
- P300 (1)
- PALM (1)
- PARK2 (1)
- PCR analysis (1)
- PD-L1 (1)
- PDXP (1)
- PEG chemical modification (1)
- PET (1)
- PET/CT (1)
- PI3K (1)
- PKS I (1)
- PKS II (1)
- PLP phosphatase (1)
- PMD (1)
- POLSCORE (1)
- PPD (1)
- PRC2 (1)
- PSA (1)
- PSI-blast (1)
- PTCDA (1)
- PTCL (1)
- Pamir (1)
- Parallel Imaging (1)
- Parallele Bildgebung (1)
- Parametric optimization (1)
- Parametrische Optimierung (1)
- Parent-of-origin (1)
- Parkinson disease (1)
- Parlamentswahl (1)
- Particle Physics (1)
- Particle analytics (1)
- Partikelanalytik (1)
- Pattern Mining (1)
- Pattern Recognition (1)
- Pediatric malignancy (1)
- Peptide (1)
- Performance Evaluation (1)
- Performance Management (1)
- Perinatal Asphyxia (1)
- Period2 (1)
- Periphere Analgesie (1)
- Peyer's patches (1)
- Pharmakodynamik (1)
- Pharmakokinetik (1)
- Phasenumwandlung (1)
- Phosphatasen (1)
- Phospholipase D (1)
- Phosphoproteine (1)
- PhotoCORMs (1)
- Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- Photostrom (1)
- Physical activity (1)
- Pilocytic astrocytoma (1)
- Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (1)
- Pilomyxoides Astrozytom (1)
- Pilozytisches Astrozytom (1)
- Plant-herbivore interactions (1)
- Plasmodium falciparum (1)
- Plasmon (1)
- Plasmon propagation (1)
- Plasmonics (1)
- Plastic electronics (1)
- Platelet count (1)
- PolSAR (1)
- Polarity index (1)
- Politikwissenschaft (1)
- Pollination (1)
- Polylactide-co-glycolide (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Port (1)
- Positioning (1)
- Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (1)
- Posttranskriptionelle Regulation (1)
- Predominant polarity (1)
- Probenecid (1)
- Profilierung (1)
- Profiling (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Prognosis (1)
- Protected areas (1)
- Protein TRPC6 (1)
- Protein p53 (1)
- Proteintyrosinphosphatase (1)
- Präamplifizierung (1)
- Pseudo-allergy (1)
- Psoriasis (1)
- Psychologie (1)
- Psychopharmakologie (1)
- Psychotherapie (1)
- Pulse shaping (1)
- Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate phosphatase (1)
- Pyridoxalphosphat (1)
- QKD (1)
- Quadrocopter (1)
- Quadrotor (1)
- Quality of Experience (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- Quality-of-Service (1)
- Quantenkontrolle (1)
- Quantenpunkt (1)
- Quantentheorie (1)
- Quantum Foundations (1)
- Quantum-well, -wire and -dot devices (1)
- Quasi-variational inequalities (1)
- Quecksilbertellurid (1)
- Questionnaire (1)
- Quetiapine (1)
- RAF1 (1)
- RAS (1)
- RCC (1)
- RDoC (1)
- RFP (1)
- RHO (1)
- RHO-associated kinease (1)
- RINEX Format (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNA CHAPERONE HFQ (1)
- RNA sequence (1)
- RNA splicing (1)
- RNA-SEQ data (1)
- RNA-polymerase-I (1)
- RNA-polymerase-II (1)
- RNA-seq (1)
- RNAseq (1)
- RNS (1)
- RNS-Interferenz (1)
- ROK-alpha (1)
- RTMS (1)
- Radarsat-2 (1)
- Radioastronomie (1)
- Radiogalaxie (1)
- Radiologische Diagnostik (1)
- Radium (1)
- Raps (1)
- Rashba-Effekt (1)
- Rasterionenmikroskop (1)
- Rasterkraft-Mikroskopie (1)
- Rastertunnelmikroskop (1)
- Rauchen (1)
- Raumfahrt (1)
- Reaktion (1)
- Receptor kinase (1)
- Rechnernetz (1)
- Rechnungswesen (1)
- Rectal cancer (1)
- Red Sea (1)
- Red sea (1)
- Regional development (1)
- Regionalentwicklung (1)
- Regularized gap function (1)
- Rekombination (1)
- Relaxation Parameter Mapping in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1)
- Remote sensing (1)
- Renal cell carcinoma (1)
- Renewable energies (1)
- Renin Angiotensin System (1)
- Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System (1)
- Renin-Angiotensin-System (1)
- Rescorla-Wagner model (1)
- Resonators (1)
- Resource and Performance Management (1)
- Ressourcenmanagement (1)
- Retest-reliability (1)
- Retinal degeneration (1)
- Reward (1)
- Rezeptor (1)
- Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1)
- Ribosom (1)
- Richardson-Olszewski-Syndrome (1)
- Riesenmagnetowiderstand (1)
- Risikoverhalten (1)
- Rituximab plus (1)
- Riutximab (1)
- Robotik (1)
- Rodung (1)
- Rotes Meer (1)
- Routing (1)
- Rutschung (1)
- RyR1 mutations (1)
- Röntgen-Photoelektronenspektroskopie (1)
- Röntgenastronomie (1)
- Röntgenkristallographie (1)
- Röntgenstrahlung (1)
- SAR (1)
- SF-36 (1)
- SGLT-1 (1)
- SGLT2 inhibitor (1)
- SGN-35 (1)
- SGNH hydrolase (1)
- SH-6 (1)
- SHFM (1)
- SHRSP (1)
- SLAM CDW150 (1)
- SLX4 (1)
- SM-like protein (1)
- SMAD signaling (1)
- SMARD1 (1)
- SNAP-Rezeptor (1)
- SNP array (1)
- SOCE (1)
- SPION (1)
- SPR-Spektroskopie (1)
- SPRED2 (1)
- SR proteins (1)
- SREBP (1)
- SREC-I (1)
- SRTIO3 (1)
- STAT3 (1)
- SUN1 (1)
- SWI2/SNF2-like protein (1)
- Salmonella enterica (1)
- Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) (1)
- Saproxylic beetles (1)
- Saproxylophage (1)
- ScFv (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Schlaganfall (1)
- Schneeschmelze (1)
- Schreckreaktion (1)
- Schuppenflechte (1)
- Schutzgebiete (1)
- Schwebfliegen (1)
- Schwere-Fermionen-System (1)
- Schwingungsspektroskopie (1)
- Sedentary behaviour (1)
- Sedimentation (1)
- Seebeck effect (1)
- Seebeck-Effekt (1)
- Selbstregulation (1)
- Semiconductors physics (1)
- Sequence motif analysis (1)
- Serotonin (1)
- Serotonin Transporter (1)
- Service Mobility (1)
- Set-valued mapping (1)
- Sex (1)
- Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (1)
- Signal Noise (1)
- Silber (1)
- Siliciumcarbid (1)
- Single-molecule (1)
- Singlet Fission (1)
- Sitting/standing (1)
- Sjorgens-syndrome (1)
- Skin biopsy (1)
- Skint1 (1)
- Small-angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Smoking (1)
- SnRK1 (1)
- Snap25 (1)
- Social Cognition (1)
- Software Engineering (1)
- Software Performance Engineering (1)
- Software Performance Modeling (1)
- Solar energy (1)
- Somatostatin receptor expression (1)
- Song Huizong <China, Kaiser> (1)
- Sonnenblumen (1)
- South Africa (1)
- Spectral Data Analysis (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Spektrale Interferenz (1)
- SphK1 (1)
- Spheciospongia vagabunda (1)
- Spieltheorie (1)
- Spin-Bahn-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Spin-Transfer-Drehmoment (1)
- Spinal dissemination (1)
- Spindle cell (1)
- Spindrehmoment Bauteil (1)
- Spinventil (1)
- Spred Protein (1)
- Spred-Proteine (1)
- Spumaviren (1)
- Squaraine (1)
- Squaraines (1)
- Src family (1)
- Stabilisierung (1)
- Stammzelle (1)
- Stark korrelierte Fermionen (1)
- Starke Kopplung (1)
- Stationenarbeit (1)
- Stem cell (1)
- Stereology (1)
- Steuerbarkeit (1)
- Steuerbarkeit von Netzwerken (1)
- Stiff person syndrome (1)
- Strahlenpilze (1)
- Strahlungstransport (1)
- Stratafix (1)
- Stress (1)
- Stressreaktion (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Subgroup Discovery (1)
- Subwavelength structures (1)
- Succinylcholine (1)
- Supernova (1)
- Supersymmetry (1)
- Supply Chain Design (1)
- Supply Chain Management (1)
- Surface plasmons (1)
- Surgery (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Swine (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- Synapse (1)
- Synapsine (1)
- Synaptinemal-Komplex (1)
- Syr Darya (1)
- Systematic review (1)
- Südliche Songdynstie (1)
- Südostasien (1)
- T Cells (1)
- T cell (1)
- T cell cytotoxicity (1)
- T cell receptors (1)
- T cell silencing (1)
- T-DM1 (1)
- T-Zelle (1)
- T-antigens (1)
- T-cells (1)
- T6P (1)
- TAMT (1)
- TEM (1)
- TERB1 (1)
- TLR4 (1)
- TME (1)
- TNF (1)
- TNF-alpha (1)
- TOR (1)
- TP53 mutations (1)
- TRAIL (1)
- TRAIL mutants (1)
- TRPM7 kinase (1)
- TWEAK (1)
- TYPE-2 (1)
- Tactile (1)
- Tagesrhythmus (1)
- Tanzania (1)
- Tapeworm (1)
- Teamwork (1)
- Temozolomide (1)
- Terminal 4q deletion syndrome (1)
- Termiten (1)
- Theoretische Physik (1)
- Thermoelektrizität (1)
- Thiolase (1)
- Thioredoxin (1)
- Thrombosis (1)
- Tian Shan (1)
- Tiermodell (1)
- Toll like receptors (1)
- Toll-like-Rezeptoren (1)
- Total knee arthroplasty (1)
- Tourism (1)
- Tourismus (1)
- Trajectory tracking (1)
- Transforming Growth Factor beta (1)
- Transgenic mice (1)
- Transient Absorption (1)
- Transient layer (1)
- Transiente Absorption (1)
- Transkriptomanalyse (1)
- Transposon (1)
- Travelling-salesman-Problem (1)
- Triarylamine (1)
- Tribolium castaneum (1)
- Tricarbonylverbindungen (1)
- Tuberkulose (1)
- Tumor microenvironment (1)
- Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor (1)
- Tumour markers (1)
- Turbo Spin-Echos (1)
- U-Bahnlinienplan (1)
- UBZ (1)
- UV-VIS-Spektroskopie (1)
- Ultrafast Spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrafast information processing (1)
- Ultrafast measurements (1)
- Ultrafast spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrakurzer Lichtimpuls (1)
- Ultraschnelle Photochemie (1)
- Umweltveränderung (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- United States (1)
- University students (1)
- Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (1)
- Untergrundtemperaturen (1)
- V-Loc (1)
- VKORC1 (1)
- VOC emissions (1)
- Vaccinia virus (1)
- Vaccinia-Virus (1)
- Vacuum stability (1)
- Valeriana wallichii (1)
- Varianzanalyse (1)
- Vascularisation (1)
- Vascularization (1)
- Verhalten (1)
- Verhaltenskontrolle (1)
- Verteiltes System (1)
- Vesicles (1)
- Video Quality Monitoring (1)
- Vienna Forest (1)
- Virtuelle Realität (1)
- Virtuelles Netzwerk (1)
- Virulenz (1)
- Virulenzfaktor (1)
- Vision Based (1)
- Visual Tracking (1)
- Vitamin K epoxide reductase (1)
- Vorläuferzellen (1)
- Voronoi tree map (1)
- Vulnerable plaque (1)
- Vγ9Vδ2 T cell (1)
- Vγ9Vδ2 T cells (1)
- WNT pathway (1)
- Wahlen in Indien (1)
- Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie (1)
- Wald (1)
- Warfarin (1)
- Warning (1)
- Warnung (1)
- Warnungen (1)
- Warsaw breakage syndrome (1)
- Werk (1)
- Wheelchair (1)
- Wienerwald (1)
- Wirkstoff (1)
- Wirtszelle (1)
- Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (1)
- Wissensextraktion (1)
- Wissenstechnik (1)
- Wundheilung (1)
- X-rays (1)
- Xenopus oocytes (1)
- Y chromosome (1)
- Yaşar Kemal (1)
- YoelII-Nigeriensis (1)
- ZBTB24 (1)
- ZBTB24 mutations (1)
- ZW sex chromosomes (1)
- Zeitauflösung (1)
- Zellmigration (1)
- Zellskelett (1)
- Zellteilung (1)
- Zentralnervensystem (1)
- Zivilgesellschaft (1)
- Zugspitze (1)
- Zutokin (1)
- [18F]Fluorodeoxythymidine (1)
- abdominal aortic-aneurysm (1)
- aberration (1)
- abietane (1)
- abnormalities (1)
- abscisic acid (1)
- abundance (1)
- accessibility (1)
- accumulation (1)
- acetyltransferase RTT109 (1)
- acid dissociation (1)
- acoustic signals (1)
- acrican trypanosomes (1)
- actin (1)
- actin filament (1)
- actinomycetes (1)
- actinosporins (1)
- action (1)
- action ability (1)
- action access (1)
- action and perception (1)
- action effects (1)
- action videogaming (1)
- activated receptor-1 (1)
- activating receptors (1)
- active middle-ear implant (1)
- activity rhythm (1)
- acupuncture (1)
- acute kidney injury (1)
- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1)
- acute mania (1)
- acute myelogenous leukemia (1)
- acute myeloid-leukemia (1)
- acute watery diarrhea (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adaptive plasticity (1)
- adaptor protein Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 (1)
- add-on (1)
- adenocarcinoma of the lung (1)
- adenosine (1)
- adenylyl cyclase (1)
- adenylyl-cyclase isoforms (1)
- adhesion dynamics (1)
- adhesion molecules (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- adipose tissue engineering (1)
- adoptive transfer (1)
- adrenal glands (1)
- adrenal medulla (1)
- adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (aADHD) (1)
- adult cardiac myocytes (1)
- advanced therapy medicinal products (1)
- affective state (1)
- afferents (1)
- affinity (1)
- african trypanosomes (1)
- age (1)
- age groups (1)
- age polyethism (1)
- agriculture (1)
- agroecosystems (1)
- albinaria (1)
- albuminuria (1)
- aldosterone (1)
- algorithm (1)
- alignment (1)
- alignment clustering (1)
- all-cause mortality (1)
- allergic rhinitis (1)
- allergy (1)
- allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (1)
- alpaca (1)
- alpha-emitters (1)
- alpha-helical structure (1)
- alpha/delta agonist GFT505 (1)
- ambystoma opacum (1)
- amino acids (1)
- amino groups (1)
- amino-acid-metabolism (1)
- aminocoumarins (1)
- ampa receptors (1)
- amphibia (1)
- amphibian metamorphosis (1)
- amphiphilic poly(2-oxazoline)s (1)
- amphiphysin (1)
- amplifications (1)
- amygdala (1)
- amyloidosis (1)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1)
- anaesthetics (1)
- analgesia (1)
- anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) (1)
- angle resolved photo emission spectroscopy (1)
- angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (1)
- anguage and word processing (1)
- anhedonia (1)
- animal behavior (1)
- animal model (1)
- animal models (1)
- ankles (1)
- annecin-V (1)
- annotation (1)
- anorexia nervosa (1)
- ant (1)
- anthocyanin derivatives (1)
- anti-CD30 drug conjugate (1)
- anti-infectives (1)
- anti-trypanosoma (1)
- antibiotic (1)
- anticipation (1)
- antifungal agents (1)
- antifungals (1)
- antigenetic variation (1)
- antigens (1)
- antiretroviral therapy (1)
- antisense RNA (1)
- antisense RNAs (1)
- antitumor immunity (1)
- anxiety disorders (1)
- apical GLUT2 (1)
- applied physics (1)
- approximation (1)
- april (1)
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (1)
- arctic (1)
- argeted therapy (1)
- arginine (1)
- arlR (1)
- arousal (1)
- arteriovenous loop (1)
- arthropods (1)
- artifact (1)
- aspergillosis (1)
- association (1)
- astrocytes (1)
- astroparticle (1)
- asymmetric dark matter (1)
- atherogenic dyslipidaemia (1)
- atherosclerotic vascular disease (1)
- atomar kleine Lücke (1)
- atomic-scale gap (1)
- atrophy Kennedys-disease (1)
- attachment glycoprotein (1)
- attention (1)
- attention capture (1)
- attentional bias (1)
- attentional impulsivity (1)
- audiovisual integration (1)
- audiovisual interactions (1)
- audit fees (1)
- audit fees enforcement interim reporting (1)
- auditory cortex (1)
- auditory stimuli (1)
- aurora kinase A polymorphism (1)
- aurorakinase B (1)
- authoring environment (1)
- autism (1)
- autoantigen (1)
- autoimmunity (1)
- autologous transplantation (1)
- autologous tumor (1)
- autophagy-related (1)
- autosomal-dominant osteopetrosis (1)
- auxin (1)
- axon regeneration (1)
- axonal integrity (1)
- axonal transport (1)
- axons (1)
- azacitidine (1)
- bZIP (1)
- bZIP transcription fators (1)
- bacillus subtilis (1)
- background odor (1)
- bacterial genomes (1)
- bacterial infection (1)
- bacterial pathogens (1)
- banding analyses (1)
- baryon asymmetry (1)
- bcl-2 associated athanogene protein 3 (1)
- bee pollinators (1)
- behavior (1)
- behavioral activation system (1)
- behavioral conditioning (1)
- benzalkonium chloride (1)
- benzimidazole (1)
- beta (1)
- beta-cyclodextrin (1)
- beta-oxidation (1)
- beta-tubulin (1)
- beta1-adrenergic receptor (1)
- bevacizumab (1)
- binding protein (1)
- binding proteins (1)
- binge eating (1)
- biochemical characterization (1)
- biodiversity conservation (1)
- biodiversity index (1)
- biodiversity measure (1)
- bioelectrochemistry (1)
- biogenesis (1)
- bioinformatic (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biology (1)
- biomarkers UPA (1)
- biominarlization proteins (1)
- biophosphonate (1)
- biosynthetic gene-cluster (1)
- bipolar disorder (1)
- bipolar disorders (1)
- bird species richness (1)
- birth rates (1)
- blend (1)
- blood plasma (1)
- blood-stream forms (1)
- blood–brain barrier choline transporter (1)
- body fat (1)
- bone (1)
- bone loss (1)
- bone marrow transplantation (1)
- bone metastasis (1)
- bone-marrow (1)
- bone-mineral density (1)
- bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals (1)
- bortezomib plus dxamethasone (1)
- borylene (1)
- botanical gardens (1)
- bradykinin (1)
- brain computer interface (1)
- brain images (1)
- brain potentials (1)
- brain-computer interfaces (1)
- breakpoint (1)
- breast-cancer cells (1)
- bronchial tissue (1)
- brush border membrane (1)
- bryozoan bugula-neritina (1)
- bumblebee nest density (1)
- butterfly euphydryas-aurinia (1)
- c-myc (1)
- caffeic acid bornyl ester (1)
- caffein (1)
- calcium (1)
- calcium absorption (1)
- calcium homeostasis (1)
- calcium phosphate (1)
- calcium-phosphate (1)
- cameras (1)
- camponotus aethiops (1)
- campylobacteriosis (1)
- canagliflozin (1)
- cancer cell (1)
- cancer stem cell immunology (1)
- cancer stem cells (1)
- canine and feline cancer therapy (1)
- capacitance (1)
- capsaicin (1)
- carbohydrate chemistry (1)
- carbon metabolism (1)
- carbon monoxide (1)
- carbon nanomaterials (1)
- carcinogen activation (1)
- carcinoma (1)
- cardiac perception (1)
- cardiology (1)
- cardiomyocyte proliferation (1)
- cardiopulmonary exercise testing (1)
- cardiovascular disease (1)
- cardiovascular munster procam (1)
- cardiovascular pharmacology (1)
- cardiovascular risk (1)
- carnivorus plants (1)
- carousel maze (1)
- carriage (1)
- carrier density (1)
- cat (1)
- catechins (1)
- cathepsin (1)
- cathepsin-L (1)
- cations (1)
- cell binding (1)
- cell biology (1)
- cell death (1)
- cell growth (1)
- cell membrane (1)
- cell membranes (1)
- cell penetrating peptides (1)
- cell-adhesion (1)
- cell-cycle arrest cancer therapy (1)
- cellular internalization (1)
- cellular receptor (1)
- cellular therapy (1)
- cement (1)
- central carbon metabolism (1)
- central core disease (1)
- central metabolism (1)
- centromeric instability (1)
- cerebEND (1)
- cereblon expression (1)
- cerebral arteries (1)
- cerebral artery occlusion (1)
- cerebrovascular diseases (1)
- ceriops decandra (1)
- cetuximab (1)
- chaperone Hfq (1)
- charge-coupled device (1)
- chemical diversity (1)
- chemische Modifizierung (1)
- chemotherapy resistance (1)
- chi square tests (1)
- chlamydia trachomatis (1)
- chlamydomonas flagella (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- cholesterol depletion (1)
- cholinergic interneurons (1)
- chondrocytes (1)
- chromatin (1)
- chromatin assembly factors (1)
- chromosomal aberration (1)
- chromosome evolution (1)
- chronic Hepatitis C (1)
- chronic cerebrovascular disease (1)
- chronic heart failure (1)
- chronic kidney-disease (1)
- chronic myelogenous leukemia (1)
- chronic myeloid leukemia (1)
- chronic phase (1)
- chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (1)
- ciliary neurotrophic factor (1)
- circadian oscillators (1)
- circadian rhythmicity (1)
- circadian rhythms (1)
- circular dichroism (1)
- circular dichroism spectra (1)
- circular-dichroism (1)
- circulation patterns (1)
- class-I (1)
- classical conditioning (1)
- classification (1)
- clausiliidae (1)
- clearance (1)
- cleavage (1)
- climate change (1)
- clinical (1)
- clinical practice guidelines (1)
- clinical study (1)
- clinically isolated syndromes (1)
- clock genes (1)
- cloud (1)
- clumping factor-B (1)
- co-cultivation (1)
- co-evolution (1)
- co-gels (1)
- coagulation (1)
- coagulation factor XII (1)
- coatings (1)
- cochlea (1)
- cognitive decline (1)
- cognitive-behavioral therapy (1)
- cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy (1)
- cohesin SMC1-Beta (1)
- cohort studies (1)
- cold stress (1)
- colestilan (1)
- collagens (1)
- colon (1)
- colonies (1)
- colonization (1)
- colony (1)
- colorectal cancer (1)
- columnar architecture (1)
- coma (1)
- comb (1)
- combined immunodeficiency (1)
- combined therapy (1)
- commercial grades (1)
- common genetic determinants (1)
- common variants (1)
- community structures (1)
- comparative molecular field analysis (1)
- comparative molecular similarity index analysis (1)
- complex-III (1)
- complexation (1)
- component (1)
- components (1)
- compound eye (1)
- computer software (1)
- concept maps (1)
- conceptual change (1)
- condensed matter physics (1)
- condensed-matter physics (1)
- conditioned response (1)
- conifers (1)
- conjugated mycotoxins (1)
- connective tissue (1)
- conservation (1)
- conservation laws (1)
- consortium (1)
- constraints (1)
- contact-kinin system (1)
- contextual conditioning (1)
- contextual fear (1)
- contingency awareness (1)
- continous fields (1)
- contrast-enhanced ultrasound (1)
- convergent extension movements (1)
- coping (1)
- copy-number alteration (1)
- coronary artery disease (1)
- coronary heart disease (1)
- corpus cavernosum (1)
- correlated electrons (1)
- correlated systems (1)
- correlates (1)
- cortisol (1)
- cosmic ray (1)
- cosmic rays (1)
- cotransporter (1)
- cotton rats (1)
- coulomb coupled quantum dots (1)
- craving (1)
- crop identification (1)
- crop mapping (1)
- crop monitoring (1)
- crop yield (1)
- crops (1)
- crossing minimization (1)
- crossover trial (1)
- crystal-structures (1)
- cues (1)
- cul3 ring ligase (1)
- cultivation (1)
- cultured fibroplasts (1)
- curves (1)
- cutaneous patch (1)
- cycle regulation (1)
- cyclic AMP (1)
- cyclic-AMP (1)
- cyclin-dependent kinases (1)
- cycloaddition (1)
- cyclodextrin (1)
- cyclophsophamide (1)
- cysteine protease (1)
- cystic fibrosis (1)
- cytochrome P450 3A4 (1)
- cytogenetic response (1)
- cytokine responses (1)
- cytokinesis (1)
- cytokinin (1)
- cytokinins (1)
- cytolethal distending toxin (1)
- cytosol (1)
- cytotoxicity receptors (1)
- dSTORM (1)
- damage (1)
- dark matterWIMP (1)
- dark-matter (1)
- data fusion (1)
- data sharing (1)
- data-bank (1)
- database (1)
- de-novo methylation (1)
- deafness (1)
- decandrinin (1)
- decision making (1)
- declines (1)
- deep bisulfite sequencing (1)
- deep brain-stimulation (1)
- deer cervus-eldi (1)
- defensive reactivity (1)
- deficient mice (1)
- definition (1)
- deformation (1)
- degradation (1)
- delay conditioning (1)
- deletions (1)
- demography (1)
- demyelinating disease (1)
- demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (1)
- dendrimer conjugates (1)
- dendritic cells (1)
- dendritic cell (1)
- denritic cells (1)
- density (1)
- density-functional theory (1)
- dentichasmias busseolae (1)
- dependent gene-expression (1)
- deposition (1)
- deprivation (1)
- detection (1)
- determinant (1)
- developing country (1)
- developing oilseeds (1)
- development (1)
- developmental biology (1)
- developmental plasticity (1)
- developmental reprogramming (1)
- dexamethasone (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- dialysate (1)
- dialysis (1)
- dialyzer membrane (1)
- diazepam (1)
- dielectric oxides (1)
- different imatinib dose regimens (1)
- differentation (1)
- differential (1)
- differential age distribution (1)
- differentiation (1)
- diffusion (1)
- diffusive component (1)
- digestive system (1)
- digitale Netze (1)
- dilation (1)
- dionaea muscipula (1)
- dirac fermions (1)
- direct PCR (1)
- directional RNA-Seq (1)
- discrimination (1)
- disease-associated (1)
- diseases (1)
- disorder (1)
- distal fixation (1)
- distinct (1)
- divided attention (1)
- documents (1)
- domain (1)
- domains (1)
- dominant optic atrophy (1)
- dopa-induced dyskinesia (1)
- dopamine acetylcholine (1)
- doule blind (1)
- doxorubicin (1)
- drug (1)
- drug delivery vector (1)
- drug discovery (1)
- drug therapy (1)
- drug-addiction (1)
- drug-drug interactions (1)
- dual-task control (1)
- dung beetle coleoptera (1)
- dye stains-all (1)
- dynamic programming (1)
- dynamical mean field theory (1)
- dynamics (1)
- dyspnea (1)
- dystrophic RCS rats (1)
- eExons (1)
- early applied higher imatinib dosages (1)
- early intervention (1)
- early recognition (1)
- early respiratory-failure (1)
- early response (1)
- early-life (1)
- earnings management (1)
- economic growth (1)
- economy services (1)
- ecosystem service (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- ecosystemservices (1)
- edema (1)
- education (1)
- educational attainment (1)
- eigenvector centrality (1)
- ejection fraction (1)
- elderly patients (1)
- elderly persons (1)
- electrical excitation (1)
- electrically driven (1)
- electroacupuncture (1)
- electrochemistry (1)
- electrocorticography (1)
- electroencephalogram (1)
- electroencephalography (1)
- electron density (1)
- electron tunneling (1)
- electronic-structure calculations (1)
- electroporation (1)
- electroweak phase transition (1)
- elektrische Anregung (1)
- element (1)
- elevational gradient (1)
- embryo (1)
- embryonic stem cell (1)
- embryos (1)
- emotion (1)
- emotional information (1)
- emotional pictures (1)
- emotional scene stimuli (1)
- emotional sounds (1)
- empagliflozin (1)
- endocannabinoid release (1)
- endochondral ossification (1)
- endonuclease (1)
- endoplasmatic reticulum (1)
- endothelial cell (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- endothelial growth factor (1)
- endothelial injury (1)
- endothelial progenitor cells (1)
- endotoxemia (1)
- energies (1)
- energy (1)
- energy bands (1)
- energy signaling (1)
- enforcement (1)
- engaging aantibody (1)
- enhance (1)
- enteric nervous system (1)
- enterobacteria (1)
- enteropathy (1)
- envelope (1)
- environment (1)
- environmental cues (1)
- enzyme-linkes immunoassays (1)
- enzymes (1)
- epidemology (1)
- epidural anesthesia (1)
- epidural recording (1)
- epigenetic heterogeneity (1)
- epistemic modality (1)
- erythropoietin (1)
- essential genes (1)
- european birth cohorts (1)
- event related potentials (1)
- event-related FMRI (1)
- evidentiality (1)
- evolutionary mutant model (1)
- exercise (1)
- exome sequencing (1)
- expenditure (1)
- experience sampling (1)
- experimental autoimmune neuritis (1)
- expertise (1)
- expression site attenuation (1)
- extinction (1)
- extinction risk (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- eyes (1)
- face (1)
- facial anomalies (1)
- facial expression (1)
- facial expressions (1)
- facial pain (1)
- factor XI (1)
- factor acetylhydrolase activity (1)
- factor-V-Leiden (1)
- fanconi anemia (1)
- fanconi-anemia (1)
- fatty acids (1)
- fatty liver disease (1)
- fear conditioning (1)
- fear potentiated startle response (1)
- feasibility (1)
- femtochemistry (1)
- femtosecond spectroscopy (1)
- fenoterol (1)
- fermions (1)
- ferrocene (1)
- fetal preconditioning (1)
- fibers (1)
- fibrin D-dimer (1)
- finder using symmetrical best hits (1)
- fish (1)
- fission yeast (1)
- flagellar basal body (1)
- flagellum (1)
- flavour symmetry (1)
- floating mass transducer (1)
- flowers (1)
- fluorescence in-situ hybridization (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- fluorescence resonance energy transfer (1)
- fluorescent protein (1)
- fluticasone propionate (1)
- flux balance analysis (1)
- focal adhesions (1)
- folinic acid (1)
- follow up (1)
- food addiction (1)
- food carving (1)
- food consumption (1)
- food craving (1)
- food pictures (1)
- food-gene interactions (1)
- foraging behavior (1)
- force (1)
- forecasting (1)
- forests (1)
- formica cunicularia (1)
- fragmented landscapes (1)
- framing (1)
- free energy of solvation (1)
- free space (1)
- free survival (1)
- frequencies (1)
- frogs (1)
- fruit set (1)
- fruit-quality (1)
- full thickness skin (1)
- fumarate (1)
- functional architecture (1)
- fungal diseases (1)
- fungal pathogens (1)
- fusiform gyrus (1)
- galectin-1 (1)
- gambling (1)
- gamete (1)
- gamma ray (1)
- gamma rays (1)
- gamma-cyclodextrin (1)
- gamma-ray burst (1)
- gastrointestinal mucositis (1)
- geckos (1)
- gels (1)
- gemcitabine (1)
- geminale Rekombination (1)
- gene polymorphism (1)
- gene therapy (1)
- gene-expression (1)
- gene-expression data (1)
- generalization (1)
- generation (1)
- genes and chromosomes (1)
- genetic deletion (1)
- genetic interference (1)
- genetic modifiers (1)
- genetic variability (1)
- genetics (1)
- genome analysis (1)
- genome-wide association (1)
- genomes (1)
- genomic aberrations (1)
- genomic databases (1)
- genomic response (1)
- genomic stability (1)
- geometric mean (1)
- germinative cells (1)
- gesolin function (1)
- gestational age (1)
- glaucoma (1)
- glaucoma surgery (1)
- global change (1)
- global health (1)
- glucocorticoid receptor (1)
- glucose (1)
- glucose tolerance test (1)
- glutamate decarboxylase 65 (1)
- glutamate dehydrogenase (1)
- glutathione (1)
- glycemic control (1)
- glycogen phosphorylase (1)
- glycogen synthase (1)
- glycoproteins (1)
- glycosome (1)
- go/no-go task (1)
- grade 3B (1)
- granulomas (1)
- graph drawing (1)
- grasland (1)
- grasslands (1)
- grb (1)
- group B genotype (1)
- group-A (1)
- growth hormone deficiency (1)
- gut bacteria (1)
- gyrase (1)
- habitat destruction (1)
- habitat patch (1)
- habitat preferences (1)
- habitat quality (1)
- habitats (1)
- haemophilus influenzae (1)
- haemoproteus-columbae (1)
- halichondria panicea (1)
- hand/foot malformation (1)
- hands (1)
- haploidentical γδ T lymphocytes (1)
- haplotype (1)
- harmonization (1)
- hashimotos-thyroiditis (1)
- head (1)
- head injury (1)
- health (1)
- healthy children (1)
- hearing impairment (1)
- heart-failure (1)
- heat conversion (1)
- heat shock response (1)
- heavy fermions (1)
- hela cells (1)
- helitron (1)
- helminth infection (1)
- helper T-cells (1)
- hematologic malignancies (1)
- hematopoietic cell transplantation (1)
- hemodialysis (1)
- hemolytic-uremic syndrome (1)
- heptacellular carcinoma (1)
- herbivores (1)
- hernia repair (1)
- heroine (1)
- herpesvirus (1)
- heterodinuclear compound (1)
- heteromolecular interfaces (1)
- heteropathogenicity (1)
- heterotrophic arabidopsis cells (1)
- hexose transporter (1)
- hidden markov-models (1)
- hidden mycotoxins (1)
- hidden-beauty states (1)
- hidden-order (1)
- high calorie (1)
- high denisty lipoprotein (1)
- high numbers (1)
- high-bone-mass (1)
- high-dose chemotherapy (1)
- hippocampal neurons (1)
- histology (1)
- hive (1)
- homeodomain transcription factors (1)
- homologous chromosomes (1)
- homologs (1)
- homology modeling (1)
- homology search (1)
- honey (1)
- honey bees (1)
- honeybee (1)
- honeycomb lattice (1)
- hormones (1)
- hospitalisation (1)
- host cells (1)
- host-cells (1)
- host-pathogen interactions (1)
- human (1)
- human amygdala (1)
- human brain (1)
- human brian endothelium (1)
- human bruchs membrane (1)
- human cells (1)
- human disease (1)
- human evolution (1)
- human immunodeficiency virus (1)
- human impact (1)
- human learning (1)
- human liver cells (1)
- human mineralocorticoid receptor (1)
- human movement (1)
- human multiple-myeloma (1)
- human peripheral blood (1)
- human prostate-cancer (1)
- human receptor kinetics (1)
- human serum albumin (1)
- human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) (1)
- humanized xenograft model (1)
- humidity (1)
- hunger (1)
- hybrid messenger RNA (1)
- hydrogen regulation (1)
- hydrogen-peroxide (1)
- hyperbolic systems (1)
- hyperkalemia (1)
- hyperphosphataemia (1)
- hyperthermophile (1)
- hypogammaglobulinemia (1)
- hypotonic (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- identical twins (1)
- idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (1)
- illness (1)
- illumination (1)
- image correlation spectroscopy (1)
- image properties (1)
- imaging proliferation (1)
- immediate early genes (1)
- immune cell infiltration (1)
- immune escape (1)
- immune modulation (1)
- immune receptors (1)
- immune suppression (1)
- immunoassays (1)
- immunoblotting (1)
- immunocytochemical analysis (1)
- immunodeficiency (1)
- immunosuppression (1)
- immunotherapy (1)
- impact (1)
- implementation (1)
- impulsivity (1)
- imunology (1)
- in silico models (1)
- in vitro (1)
- in vitro kinase assay (1)
- in vivo (1)
- in vivo cell expansion (1)
- in-vitro models (1)
- in-vivo expression (1)
- incentives (1)
- inconsistencies (1)
- increases atherosclersosis (1)
- incretin secretion (1)
- incus (1)
- independent predictor (1)
- indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (1)
- induced impairment (1)
- induced metabolites (1)
- induced obesity (1)
- inducible factor-I (1)
- induction (1)
- infant growth (1)
- infections (1)
- infinite dimensions (1)
- inflammatory response (1)
- influenza (1)
- infusion (1)
- inhalation anesthetics (1)
- inhibitor (1)
- inhibitor PAI-1 (1)
- inhibitory control (1)
- inhibitory receptors (1)
- injecting drug users (1)
- innate immunity (1)
- innate lymphoid cells (1)
- inner ear (1)
- inplane spectral weight (1)
- insects (1)
- insights (1)
- instensively managed farmland (1)
- instruction (1)
- integration (1)
- intellectual disability (1)
- intentional binding (1)
- interaction networks (1)
- interaction stress and circadian system (1)
- interaction surfaces (1)
- interconnected systems (1)
- interference (1)
- interferon (1)
- interferon alpha (1)
- interleukin-6 (1)
- international cooperation (1)
- interoception (1)
- intervention study (1)
- intestinal microvascular perfusion (1)
- intestinal mucositis (1)
- intranasal corticosteroids (1)
- intraoperative electrocoicography (1)
- invasive candidiasis (1)
- invasive fungal infections (1)
- inversion techniques (1)
- invertebrate herbivory (1)
- investigators (1)
- iodides (1)
- ionic strength (1)
- ipratropium bromide (1)
- irinotecan (1)
- iron limitation (1)
- iron release (1)
- ischemia (1)
- ischemic brain injury (1)
- ischemic-stroke (1)
- island (1)
- isocaloric intake (1)
- isolation (1)
- isotonic (1)
- judgement bias (1)
- junction (1)
- kallikrein–kinin system (1)
- karyotype (1)
- karyotype evolution (1)
- katydids orthoptera (1)
- ketogenic diet (1)
- kidney (1)
- kidney disease; (1)
- kidney function (1)
- kinase Syk (1)
- kinematic analysis (1)
- kinematics (1)
- kinin receptor (1)
- knockout mice (1)
- knowledge acquisition (1)
- knowledge of results (1)
- knowledge-based systems (1)
- labeling (1)
- laboratory environment (1)
- lactate dehydrogenase (1)
- lactate threshold (1)
- lactic acid bacteria (1)
- lactobacillus (1)
- laminin receptor (1)
- land cover (1)
- land use (1)
- land-cover (1)
- land-use (1)
- land-use change (1)
- language (1)
- larvae (1)
- larval density (1)
- laser microdissection (1)
- latency (1)
- leaf-cutting ant (1)
- learning (1)
- learning at workstations (1)
- learning curve (1)
- left-ventricular function (1)
- length of stay (1)
- lepidoptera (1)
- leptogenesis (1)
- lesions (1)
- lidocaine (1)
- life cycle (1)
- life history (1)
- life stage (1)
- ligand incompatibility (1)
- ligand trail (1)
- limb development (1)
- lineage (1)
- linear regression analysis (1)
- linguistic morphology (1)
- lipid biosynthesis (1)
- lipid rafts (1)
- lipogenesis (1)
- liquid chromatography (1)
- live-attenuated influenza vaccine (1)
- living cells (1)
- living vells (1)
- local enhancement (1)
- localization (1)
- localization microscopy (1)
- locally advanced disease (1)
- location behavior (1)
- locked-in state (1)
- logging (1)
- long terminal repeat (1)
- long-term (1)
- long-term depression (1)
- long-term pain (1)
- longevity (1)
- low birth weight (1)
- lower critical solution temperature (1)
- luciferase (1)
- lung (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lung injury (1)
- lung transplantation (1)
- lung-cancer (1)
- lymph nodes (1)
- lymphoid-tissue (1)
- lymphoid-tissue lymphomas (1)
- mC (1)
- mCherry (1)
- mRNA level (1)
- mRNA localization (1)
- mRNA-Spiegel (1)
- mTOR Inhibitor (1)
- machine learning (1)
- macrovascular (1)
- magnetic anisotropy (1)
- magnetic pi flux (1)
- magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- maize kernels (1)
- major depression (1)
- major histocompatibility complex (1)
- malaria (1)
- malaria parasite (1)
- malaria parasites (1)
- malignant hyperthermia (1)
- malignant transformation (1)
- malt lymphoma (1)
- mammalian development (1)
- mammalian septins (1)
- mammalian target of rapamycin (1)
- mammary gland (1)
- manganese tricarbonyl complexes (1)
- mantel cell lymphoma (1)
- maps (1)
- marcophages (1)
- marine (1)
- marine bacteria (1)
- marine microalgae (1)
- marine natural product (1)
- marine navigation (1)
- marrow plasma cells (1)
- marrow transplantation (1)
- masked mycotoxins (1)
- masked priming (1)
- mass (1)
- mass-flowering crops (1)
- massively multiplayer online role playing games (1)
- mastitis (1)
- maturation (1)
- mean-field theory (1)
- measles virus (1)
- meat (1)
- mechanics (1)
- mechanisms (1)
- medaka (1)
- media geométrica (1)
- medial prefrontal cortex (1)
- medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (1)
- medical and biological imaging (1)
- medical research (1)
- medicine (1)
- medida de la biodiversidad (1)
- medium spiny neurons (1)
- meiotic chromosome dynamics (1)
- meiotic chromosomes (1)
- melanoma cell (1)
- melanomas (1)
- melt electrospinning (1)
- membrane characteristics (1)
- membrane organization (1)
- membrane potential (1)
- membrane structures (1)
- membrane-protein topology (1)
- membrans proteins (1)
- memory (1)
- memory consolidation and extinction (1)
- memory errors (1)
- meningococcal disease (1)
- meningococcal lineages (1)
- menschlicher Einfluss (1)
- mesenchymal stem and stromal cells (1)
- mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- messenger-RNA decay (1)
- messenger-RNA translation (1)
- meta-analysis based orthology (1)
- metabolic flux analysis (1)
- metabolic network (1)
- metabolic profiling (1)
- metabolic syndrome (1)
- metabolisches Netzwerk (1)
- metabolomic changes (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metamagnetism (1)
- metanalysis (1)
- metapopulation (1)
- metformin (1)
- methylphenidate (1)
- metro map (1)
- miR-126 (1)
- miR-21 (1)
- miR-23a cluster (1)
- microcephaly (1)
- microna profiles (1)
- microtubule motor (1)
- microvascular (1)
- microvilli (1)
- middle-ear surgery (1)
- migration (1)
- mir-203 (1)
- mismatch negativity (1)
- missing self (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitofilin (1)
- mitotic chromosomes (1)
- mobility (1)
- models (1)
- modified mycotoxins (1)
- modis NDVI (1)
- modulating (1)
- modulators (1)
- mole crickets (1)
- molecular biology (1)
- molecular characterization (1)
- molecular diversity (1)
- molecular imaging (1)
- molecular mass (1)
- molecular structure (1)
- molecular-dynamics simulations (1)
- molecule-metal interfaces (1)
- monetary incentive delay task (1)
- monoallelic expression (1)
- monoclonal gammopathy (1)
- monoclonal-antibodies (1)
- monocytes (1)
- monolayers (1)
- morbid obesity (1)
- morbilliviruses (1)
- morphine (1)
- morphogenesis (1)
- morphogenetic protein (1)
- morphological adaptions (1)
- morphology (1)
- morris water maze (1)
- mortality (1)
- mosquito (1)
- motility disorders (1)
- motoneurons (1)
- mouse model (1)
- mouse models (1)
- multi-terminal devices (1)
- multi-wavelength (1)
- multicellular tumor spheroids (1)
- multidimensional spectroscopy (1)
- multidrug resistance (1)
- multimodal emotion processing (1)
- multiparameter flow-cytometry (1)
- multiparameter flow-cytpmetry (1)
- multiple myeloma (1)
- multiple system atrophy (1)
- multisensory integration (1)
- multivariate analysis (1)
- multivesicular tubule (1)
- muscular-dystrophy (1)
- mutation (1)
- mycoses (1)
- mycotoxin derivates (1)
- mycotoxin metabolites (1)
- mycotoxins (1)
- myeloperoxidase (1)
- myenteric plexus (1)
- myoglobin assay (1)
- myopathy (1)
- nab-paclitaxel (1)
- nacreous layer formation (1)
- naloxone (1)
- nanoantenna (1)
- nanodiamond (1)
- nanostructures (1)
- napthalene diimide (1)
- native pollinators (1)
- natively unstructured protein (1)
- natural antisense transcripts (1)
- natural enemies (1)
- natural products (1)
- natural variation (1)
- naturnahe Habitate (1)
- ncRNA (1)
- near-field optics (1)
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy (1)
- neonatal brain (1)
- neophobia (1)
- nerve fibres (1)
- nesbitti (1)
- nest building (1)
- networked control systems (1)
- networks (1)
- neural activity (1)
- neural stem-cell (1)
- neuralgia (1)
- neurite outgrowth inhibitor (1)
- neurobiology (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- neuron (1)
- neuron migration (1)
- neuronal differentiation (1)
- neuronal primary culture (1)
- neuronopathy (1)
- neuropathology (1)
- neuroprosthetic devices (1)
- neuroprotection (1)
- neuropsychology (1)
- neutrino masses (1)
- neutrino mixing (1)
- neutrophil (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- nichtgeminale Rekombination (1)
- nichtkarthesische Bildgebung (1)
- nicotinic receptors (1)
- nilotinib (1)
- nitrite respiration (1)
- nitrogen status (1)
- no correlation (1)
- non-Cartesian Imaging (1)
- non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1)
- non-hodgkins-lymphoma (1)
- non-penetrating glaucoma surgery (1)
- non-small cell lung cancer (1)
- non-verbal communication (1)
- noncoding RNAs (1)
- nonhost plant (1)
- nonlinear control (1)
- nonlinear spectroscopy (1)
- novel (1)
- novobiocin (1)
- nuclear import (1)
- nuclear-pore complexes (1)
- nucleosynthesis (1)
- nucleotide excision-repair (1)
- nutrition (1)
- nutrition education (1)
- nutritional deficiencies (1)
- nympahlidae (1)
- oaks (1)
- obstructive pulmonary disease (1)
- occupancy (1)
- oculomotor dominance (1)
- odor marks (1)
- of-the-literature (1)
- oilpalm plantation (1)
- oilseed rape (1)
- oilseeds (1)
- older patients (1)
- olfaction (1)
- olfactory bioassay (1)
- oligonucleotides (1)
- olyelectrolyte domains (1)
- oncogenic transformation (1)
- oncolysis (1)
- oncolytic viral therapy (1)
- oncolytic virus (1)
- opioid peptide (1)
- optical physics (1)
- optical spectroscopy (1)
- optimal solution mapping (1)
- optimization (1)
- oral glucose (1)
- oral mucositis (1)
- orbifrontal cortex (1)
- orbital imaging (1)
- organ dysfunktion (1)
- organ-on-a-chip (1)
- organic molecule (1)
- organic–metal interface (1)
- organotypic (1)
- orthogonal self-assembly (1)
- orthographic representations (1)
- ortholog (1)
- orthology (1)
- orthology network (1)
- oryzias-latipes (1)
- osteoblasts (1)
- osteoclasts (1)
- osteoprogenitor cells (1)
- osteotropism (1)
- output elasticities (1)
- oviedomycin (1)
- oxaliplatin (1)
- oxidative addition (1)
- oxides (1)
- oxime ligation (1)
- oxygen/glucose deprivation (1)
- p53 expression (1)
- pFADD (1)
- paclitaxel (1)
- pain (1)
- pain sensation (1)
- pancreatic cancer (1)
- parallel evolution (1)
- paralyzed patients (1)
- parasite (1)
- parasitic diseases (1)
- parliamentary interaction (1)
- passive avoidance (1)
- pathogen-associated molecular patterns (1)
- pathogenesis (1)
- pathometabolism (1)
- pathway (1)
- pathways (1)
- patient (1)
- pattern formation (1)
- patterns (1)
- peak oxygen uptake (1)
- peak power (1)
- peginterferon alpha-2B (1)
- penetratin (1)
- penile thrombosis (1)
- people (1)
- peptide (1)
- peptide conjugates (1)
- perceived physical environment (1)
- perception-action (1)
- perception-action coupling (1)
- periodontal diseases (1)
- periodontitis (1)
- peripheral T-cell (1)
- peripheral analgesia (1)
- peripheral blood (1)
- peripheral nervous-system (1)
- permeability (1)
- pharmaceutical applications (1)
- pharmacokinetic (1)
- pharmacology (1)
- phase unwrapping (1)
- phased metamorphosis (1)
- phenazine (1)
- phenotypic plasticity (1)
- phonology and reading (1)
- phosphatase (1)
- phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (1)
- phosphoantigen (1)
- phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (1)
- phospholipase A(2) (1)
- phospholipid fatty acids (1)
- phosphorylase isozymes (1)
- phosphorylation sites (1)
- photodynamic therapy (1)
- photoemission spectroscopy (1)
- photon statistics (1)
- phylogenetics (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- physical activity (1)
- physical properties (1)
- physical sciences (1)
- physics (1)
- phytohormones (1)
- picture processing (1)
- pines (1)
- pixel purity (1)
- pixel size (1)
- place avoidance task (1)
- placebo (1)
- placebo-controlled trial (1)
- plakortide E. (1)
- plakortis halichondroides (1)
- planar cell polarity (1)
- plant community composition (1)
- plant defenses (1)
- plant diversity (1)
- plant hormones (1)
- plant-animal interaction (1)
- plantago lanceolata (1)
- plants response (1)
- plasma D-dimer (1)
- plasma cells (1)
- plasma membrane (1)
- plasma proteins (1)
- plasmid construction (1)
- plasmodium (1)
- plasmon group velocity (1)
- plasmonic waveguides (1)
- plasmonics (1)
- platelet activation factor (1)
- platelet receptor (1)
- platinum (1)
- platyfish (1)
- pluripotent stem cells (1)
- pneumona virus (1)
- podoplanin (1)
- polarimetry (1)
- pollinators (1)
- polyadenylation sites (1)
- polycistronic transcription (1)
- polyelectrolyte domains (1)
- polyketide synthase gene (1)
- polymavirus (1)
- polymer (1)
- polymerase chain reaction (1)
- polymerase-chain-reaktion (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polystyrene (1)
- polyvinyl chloride (1)
- population-based cohort (1)
- populations (1)
- pose estimation (1)
- positron-emission-tomography (1)
- post-harvest quality (1)
- post-traumatic stress disorder (1)
- posteroinferior occipitotemporal gyrus (1)
- postherpetic neuralgia (1)
- postoperative care (1)
- posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (1)
- potential marker (1)
- poultry (1)
- predation (1)
- predation risk (1)
- predictive factors (1)
- predictive marker (1)
- predictors (1)
- predicts recovery (1)
- prefrontal cortex (1)
- preschool children (1)
- presynapse (1)
- prevalence (1)
- prevention (1)
- prevention program (1)
- prey growth rate (1)
- priapism (1)
- primary biliary-cirrhosis (1)
- primary breast cancer (1)
- primary cells (1)
- primary human hepatocytes (1)
- primary schoolchildren (1)
- prime visibility (1)
- priming (1)
- proboscis extension response (PER) (1)
- procambarus-clarkii (1)
- product specificity (1)
- products (1)
- profile distances (1)
- progenitors (1)
- prognostic factor (1)
- progressive supranuclear palsy (1)
- prolactin (1)
- promoter region (1)
- promoters (1)
- propionate (1)
- prosthesis (1)
- protease (1)
- protease inhibitor (1)
- protein HFQ (1)
- protein binding (1)
- protein crystallography (1)
- protein families database (1)
- protein interactions (1)
- protein secondary structure (1)
- protein structure (1)
- protein synthesis (1)
- protein-RNA recognition (1)
- protein-bound solutes (1)
- protein-coupled-receptors (1)
- protein-ligand-interaction (1)
- prototypes (1)
- protozoan parasite (1)
- pseudomonas syringae (1)
- psychiatric-hospitalization (1)
- psychiatry (1)
- psycholinguistics (1)
- psychometric properties (1)
- psychopharmacology (1)
- psychosocial stress (1)
- psychotherapy (1)
- psychotic experiences (1)
- pulmonary absorption (1)
- pulmonary artery (1)
- pulmonary artery pressure (1)
- pulmonary circulation (1)
- pulmonary embolism (1)
- pulmonary function (1)
- pulmonata (1)
- pupae (1)
- pyrazine (1)
- quality (1)
- quantum center (1)
- quantum communications (1)
- quantum control (1)
- quantum criticality (1)
- quantum dots (1)
- quantum key distribution (1)
- quantum mechanics (1)
- quantum physics (1)
- quantum spin Hall effect (1)
- quantum transport (1)
- quantum-well -wire and -dot devices (1)
- questionnaire assessment (1)
- qutenza (1)
- radar (1)
- radiation (1)
- radiation-induced migration (1)
- radical prostatectomy (1)
- radio galaxy (1)
- radioiodine therapy (1)
- radiosensibility (1)
- rana temporaria populations (1)
- random forest (1)
- randomized clinical trial (1)
- randomized controlled-trial (1)
- randomized phase-3 trial (1)
- randomized-controlled trial (1)
- ranibizumab (1)
- rat hepatocytes (1)
- rat model (1)
- rat small-intestine (1)
- rating scale (1)
- ray solution scattering (1)
- re-aim framework (1)
- reactivation (1)
- reading disability (1)
- receptive fields (1)
- receptor (1)
- receptor expression (1)
- receptor gene polymorphism (1)
- receptor related protein (1)
- receptor signaling (1)
- receptor splice variant (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinase (1)
- reciprocal best hit (1)
- recj exonuclease (1)
- recognition (1)
- recombinant proteins (1)
- recommendations (1)
- reconstructed human epidermis (1)
- reconstruction (1)
- recreation-related physical activity (1)
- red blood cells (1)
- red fluorescent protein (1)
- reflection (1)
- reflex (1)
- refractory/relapsed lymphoma (1)
- register (1)
- registration (1)
- regression analysis (1)
- regulation (1)
- regulatory T-cells (1)
- regulatory cells (1)
- regulatory mutations (1)
- regulatory small RNAs (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- relevance detection (1)
- reliability (1)
- reminiscence (1)
- remodelling (1)
- remote sequence conservation (1)
- removal (1)
- renal cell carcinoma (1)
- renal disease (1)
- renal system (1)
- rendezvous and docking (1)
- reperfusion injury (1)
- replacement (1)
- replication fork (1)
- replicative stress (1)
- reporter genes (1)
- reprogramming (1)
- requency (1)
- research funds (1)
- research priorities (1)
- residual cardiovascular risk (1)
- resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- resonators (1)
- resource scheduling (1)
- resource use (1)
- response inhibition (1)
- response regulator (1)
- resting NK cells (1)
- resting-state fMRI (1)
- restrained eaters (1)
- retinal pigment epithelium (1)
- retinotopic organization (1)
- rett (1)
- reward (1)
- reward deficiency syndrome (1)
- rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- rhizophoraceae (1)
- rhodesain (1)
- rhythms (1)
- ribosomal RNA (1)
- ribosome biogenesis (1)
- riboswitch (1)
- riesgo de extinción (1)
- risk behavior (1)
- risk profiling (1)
- robust (1)
- rod-to-sphere transition (1)
- roentgenographic assessment (1)
- rofumilast (1)
- roles (1)
- rolling-circle transposons (1)
- roquin (1)
- rumination (1)
- rupture (1)
- ryanodine receptor gene (1)
- s-phase (1)
- sRNA (1)
- saccades (1)
- saccharmyces cerevisiae (1)
- saccharomyes cerevisiae (1)
- safety (1)
- salicylic acid (1)
- salt stress (1)
- sample (1)
- saproxylic Coleoptera (1)
- sarcoplasmic reticulum (1)
- satellite (1)
- scFv (1)
- scale (1)
- scar revision surgery (1)
- scavender receptor (1)
- schistosomiasis (1)
- scientific computing (1)
- scoring system (1)
- seasonal influenza (1)
- secondary (1)
- secondary metabolomics (1)
- secondary structure (1)
- secreted effector protein (1)
- sections (1)
- see (1)
- seed (1)
- segmentation (1)
- selection (1)
- selective attention (1)
- self-organization (1)
- self-regulation (1)
- semi-natural habitats (1)
- semiconductor surfaces (1)
- semiotics (1)
- sense of agency (1)
- sensitivity (1)
- sensorimotor rhythms (1)
- sequence databases (1)
- sequence motif analysis (1)
- sequences (1)
- sequential introduction (1)
- serotonin transporter gene (1)
- serotonin(1A) receptor (1)
- serum (1)
- sevelamer (1)
- severe fibrosis (1)
- severe sepsis (1)
- sevoflurane (1)
- sex (1)
- sex addiction (1)
- sex determination (1)
- sex-determining region (1)
- shannon index (1)
- shelf life (1)
- shiga toxin (1)
- shingles (1)
- shuttle run test (1)
- signal filtering (1)
- signal transduction (1)
- signal-transduction systems (1)
- signaling (1)
- signaling microdomain (1)
- signaling pathway (1)
- signature (1)
- significance (1)
- significance MGUS (1)
- silicones (1)
- simian foamy viruses (1)
- simpson's index (1)
- single electron transistor (1)
- single molecule microscopy (1)
- single nucleotide polymorphism (1)
- single-nucleotide polymorphisms (1)
- single-stranded-DNA (1)
- single-trial learning (1)
- skeletal metastases (1)
- skeletal muscle (1)
- skeletal myopathy (1)
- skin tumors (1)
- sleep (1)
- slowly-binding reversible inhibitor (1)
- small RNA (1)
- small non-coding RNAs (1)
- small nucleolar RNAs (1)
- small-angle scattering (1)
- small-gain (1)
- smoldering multiple-myeloma (1)
- snow (1)
- snow cover (1)
- snow cover duration (1)
- social actions (1)
- social anxiety (1)
- social communication (1)
- social science research (1)
- socio-demographic (1)
- socioeconomic (1)
- sodium channels (1)
- sofosbuvir (1)
- soleus muscles (1)
- solubility (1)
- soluble-RNAs (1)
- somatic marker hypothesis (1)
- sound production (1)
- spacer (1)
- spatial attention (1)
- species diversity (1)
- species gastropoda (1)
- species richness (1)
- species-energy-theory (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- spectrum disorder (1)
- speech (1)
- sperm DNA methylation (1)
- spermatocytes (1)
- sphingomyelinase (1)
- spiders (1)
- spin torque device (1)
- spin valve (1)
- spin-orbit coupling (1)
- spin-transfer torque (1)
- spinal cord (1)
- spinal-cord-injury (1)
- spintronics (1)
- spleen (1)
- spliceosomes (1)
- splicing factors (1)
- sponge holicolona-simulans (1)
- sponge-associated actinomyetes (1)
- sports and exercise medicine (1)
- spray (1)
- spread (1)
- squalius alburnoides (1)
- stability (1)
- stable-isotope (1)
- standardized food images (1)
- starch (1)
- statement (1)
- stem cell niche (1)
- stem cells (1)
- stem-cell niche (1)
- stiffness (1)
- stimulated (1)
- stimulation (1)
- stomach (1)
- strawberry (1)
- stream (1)
- streptomyces (1)
- striate cortex (1)
- structure prediction (1)
- structure-activity relationship (1)
- study-group ADSR (1)
- subcellular localization (1)
- subcutaneous fat layer (1)
- subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (1)
- subgroup-B (1)
- subretinal space (1)
- substance dependence (1)
- substance use disorder (1)
- substrate specificity (1)
- subunit (1)
- succinylcholine (1)
- sucrose responsiveness (1)
- sucrose sensitivity (1)
- sugar absorption (1)
- sulfonylurea (1)
- sunflowers (1)
- super-resolution (1)
- super-resolution microscopy (1)
- supercoiling (1)
- supermolecular carrier systems (1)
- supernovae (1)
- superresolution (1)
- supramolecular chemistry (1)
- surface morphology (1)
- surface proteins (1)
- surface water (1)
- surgery (1)
- surgical and invasive medical procedures (1)
- susceptibility loci (1)
- sustained virological response (1)
- suxamethonium (1)
- symbiotic bacteria (1)
- symbiotic fungus (1)
- symptoms (1)
- synapse structure (1)
- synapsis (1)
- synaptic localization (1)
- syndrome (1)
- synthase (1)
- synthetase (1)
- synthetic D-glucose analogy (1)
- synthetic lethality (1)
- synthetische Letalität (1)
- systematics (1)
- systemic sclerosis (1)
- systems (1)
- systems biology (1)
- t-CWT (1)
- tandem mass-spectra (1)
- target recognition (1)
- targeted metabolite profiling (1)
- targeting (1)
- task switching (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- technological constraints (1)
- teeth (1)
- teichoic acids (1)
- telomere attachment (1)
- temperate forests (1)
- temporal spillover (1)
- temporal-lobe epilepsy (1)
- tension (1)
- term fenofibrate therapy (1)
- term-follow-up (1)
- termites (1)
- tertiary lymphoid structures (1)
- testis (1)
- tettigoniidae (1)
- th1/th2 polarization (1)
- thalidomide maintenance (1)
- therapeutic options (1)
- thermoelectrics (1)
- thermoregulation (1)
- thoracic diaphragm (1)
- three-dimensional microscopy (1)
- three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (1)
- thrombin (1)
- thrombosis (1)
- time series analysis (1)
- time to exhaustion (1)
- time-resolved optical spectroscopy (1)
- time-resolved spectroscopy (1)
- tissue (1)
- tissue engineering (1)
- tissue morphogenesis (1)
- tissue-specific enhancers (1)
- tolerance (1)
- tool (1)
- topography (1)
- topological insulator (1)
- topologische Isolatoren (1)
- torsional energy (1)
- total HIP-arthroplasty (1)
- tousled-like kinases (1)
- toxin (1)
- toxins (1)
- trabecular bone (1)
- trace conditioning (1)
- traction (1)
- trail-mediated apoptosis (1)
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (1)
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) (1)
- transcription factor FOXP1 (1)
- transcription factor MIZ-1 (1)
- transcriptional start site (1)
- transcriptional uni (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transcripts (1)
- transfection (1)
- transfer RNA-synthetases (1)
- transformation (1)
- transgenic mice (1)
- transient global ischemia (1)
- transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) (1)
- transient spectroscopy (1)
- transition metal oxides (1)
- transition metals (1)
- transition state (1)
- translation (1)
- translesion synthesis (1)
- translocation (1)
- transmission electron microscopy (1)
- transmission model (1)
- transport (1)
- transport inhibition assay (1)
- transport systems (1)
- transport-related physical activity (1)
- transposition (1)
- transposon mutagenesis (1)
- treatment options (1)
- tree plantations (1)
- trees (1)
- triarylamine (1)
- trigeminal nerve (1)
- trigeminal neuropathy (1)
- triglyceride accumulation (1)
- triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (1)
- trimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (1)
- tropical dry forest conservation (1)
- tropical ecology (1)
- tropical forest (1)
- tropische Ökologie (1)
- trypanosoma brucei (1)
- tumor dormancy (1)
- tumor immune escape (1)
- tumor immunology (1)
- tumor immunosurveillance (1)
- tumor stem cells (1)
- tumor suppressor genes (1)
- tumor tissue (1)
- tumor-propagating cells (1)
- tumors (1)
- tundra (1)
- two-color microscopy (1)
- type-1 diabetes mellitus (1)
- type-2 diabetes mellitus (1)
- tyrosine phosphorylation (1)
- tyrosine-protein kinase (1)
- ubiquitin (1)
- ultra high energy (1)
- ultra-high risk (1)
- ultrafast measurements (1)
- ultrafast photochemistry (1)
- ultrafast spectroscopy (1)
- unconscious processing (1)
- under five children (1)
- undetermined significance MGUS (1)
- universality (1)
- unstructured proteins (1)
- urban-rural gradient (1)
- uremic toxin (1)
- urinary-tract-infection (1)
- uropathogenic Escherichia coli (1)
- utilization (1)
- vaccination (1)
- vaccine (1)
- vaccine development (1)
- vaccinia virus (1)
- validity (1)
- variant detection (1)
- variant surface glycoprotein (1)
- variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) (1)
- variants (1)
- vascular access (1)
- vascularized fat construct (1)
- vector cloning (1)
- vegetation phenology (1)
- vegetative state (1)
- velocity (1)
- venous thromboembolic disease (1)
- venous thrombosis (1)
- ventral stream (1)
- vernetze lineare Systeme (1)
- vesicles (1)
- vibration (1)
- vibrational spectroscopy (1)
- vibrio parahaemolyticus (1)
- video gaming masked stimuli (1)
- video-game (1)
- vigilance decrement (1)
- viral clearance (1)
- viral entry (1)
- viral microRNAs (1)
- viral replication (1)
- viral transmission and infection (1)
- virtual screening (1)
- virulence factors (1)
- virulence genes (1)
- virus infection (1)
- virus-infected cells (1)
- visceral fat (1)
- visual cues (1)
- visual learning (1)
- visual perception (1)
- visual resolution deficit (1)
- visual stimuli (1)
- visual-attention (1)
- visuo-motor coordination abilities (1)
- vitro contracture test (1)
- vocabulary (1)
- volatile anesthetics (1)
- volatiles (1)
- waggle dance (1)
- walking (1)
- wavelet (1)
- weight-gain (1)
- well-being (1)
- wheeze (1)
- wheezing (1)
- wild (1)
- wild bees (1)
- wild-type (1)
- word form area (1)
- work economy (1)
- working memory (1)
- world of warcraft (1)
- wound healing (1)
- xanthurenic acid (1)
- xeroderma-pigmentosum (1)
- xiphophorus maculatus (1)
- zebrafish (1)
- zeitlicher Spillover (1)
- Ökosystem (1)
- Ökotourismus (1)
- Ölpalmenanbau (1)
- índice de biodiversidad (1)
- γ-glutamyl cycle (1)
Institute
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (105)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences (47)
- Physikalisches Institut (32)
- Institut für Psychologie (31)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (25)
- Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie (24)
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (23)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (21)
- Pathologisches Institut (21)
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften (18)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Clinical Trial Center (CTC) / Zentrale für Klinische Studien Würzburg (ZKSW) (3)
- Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Am Hubland, 97074 W¨urzburg, Germany (2)
- Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Forschungszentrum für komplexe Materialsysteme (2)
- Centre for Political Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi (1)
- Comprehensive Hearing Center, Department of ORL, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, Würzburg, Germany (1)
- DLR (1)
- DNA Analytics Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (1)
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (1)
- Department of Biochemistry (1)
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany (1)
ResearcherID
- I-5818-2014 (1)
High resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry (HRFTMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed as complementary metabolomic tools to dereplicate the chemical profile of the new and antitrypanosomally active sponge-associated bacterium Actinokineospora sp. EG49 extract. Principal Component (PCA), hierarchical clustering (HCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to evaluate the HRFTMS and NMR data of crude extracts from four different fermentation approaches. Statistical analysis identified the best culture one-strain-many-compounds (OSMAC) condition and extraction procedure, which was used for the isolation of novel bioactive metabolites. As a result, two new O-glycosylated angucyclines, named actinosporins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the broth culture of Actinokineospora sp. strain EG49, which was cultivated from the Red Sea sponge Spheciospongia vagabunda. The structures of actinosporins A and B were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques, as well as high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Testing for antiparasitic properties showed that actinosporin A exhibited activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei with an IC₅₀ value of 15 µM; however no activity was detected against Leishmania major and Plasmodium falciparum, therefore suggesting its selectivity against the parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei; the causative agent of sleeping sickness.
The diversity of actinomycetes associated with marine sponges collected off Fsar Reef (Saudi Arabia) was investigated in the present study. Forty-seven actinomycetes were cultivated and phylogenetically identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were assigned to 10 different actinomycete genera. Eight putatively novel species belonging to genera Kocuria, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Rhodococcus were identified based on sequence similarity values below 98.2% to other 16S rRNA gene sequences available in the NCBI database. PCR-based screening for biosynthetic genes including type I and type II polyketide synthases (PKS-I, PKS-II) as well as nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) showed that 20 actinomycete isolates encoded each at least one type of biosynthetic gene. The organic extracts of nine isolates displayed bioactivity against at least one of the test pathogens, which were Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, human parasites, as well as in a West Nile Virus protease enzymatic assay. These results emphasize that marine sponges are a prolific resource for novel bioactive actinomycetes with potential for drug discovery.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer for which no effective treatment is available. MCC represents a human cancer with the best experimental evidence for a causal role of a polyoma virus. Large T antigens (LTA) encoded by polyoma viruses are oncoproteins, which are thought to require support of cellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) to exert their transforming activity. Here we evaluated the capability of MAL3-101, a synthetic HSP70 inhibitor, to limit proliferation and survival of various MCC cell lines. Remarkably, MAL3-101 treatment resulted in considerable apoptosis in 5 out of 7 MCC cell lines. While this effect was not associated with the viral status of the MCC cells, quantitative mRNA expression analysis of the known HSP70 isoforms revealed a significant correlation between MAL3-101 sensitivity and HSC70 expression, the most prominent isoform in all cell lines. Moreover, MAL3-101 also exhibited in vivo antitumor activity in an MCC xenograft model suggesting that this substance or related compounds are potential therapeutics for the treatment of MCC in the future.
Virotherapy on the basis of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) infection is a promising approach for cancer therapy. In this study we describe the establishment of a new preclinical model of feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) using a recently established cancer cell line, DT09/06. In addition, we evaluated a recombinant vaccinia virus strain, GLV-5b451, expressing the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) single-chain antibody (scAb) GLAF-2 as an oncolytic agent against FMC. Cell culture data demonstrate that GLV-5b451 virus efficiently infected, replicated in and destroyed DT09/06 cancer cells. In the selected xenografts of FMC, a single systemic administration of GLV-5b451 led to significant inhibition of tumor growth in comparison to untreated tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, tumor-specific virus infection led to overproduction of functional scAb GLAF-2, which caused drastic reduction of intratumoral VEGF levels and inhibition of angiogenesis.
In summary, here we have shown, for the first time, that the vaccinia virus strains and especially GLV-5b451 have great potential for effective treatment of FMC in animal model.
Spatially restricting cAMP production to discrete subcellular locations permits selective regulation of specific functional responses. But exactly where and how cAMP signaling is confined is not fully understood. Different receptors and adenylyl cyclase isoforms responsible for cAMP production are not uniformly distributed between lipid raft and non-lipid raft domains of the plasma membrane. We sought to determine the role that these membrane domains play in organizing cAMP responses in HEK293 cells. The freely diffusible FRET-based biosensor Epac2-camps was used to measure global cAMP responses, while versions of the probe targeted to lipid raft (Epac2-MyrPalm) and non-raft (Epac2-CAAX) domains were used to monitor local cAMP production near the plasma membrane. Disruption of lipid rafts by cholesterol depletion selectively altered cAMP responses produced by raft-associated receptors. The results indicate that receptors associated with lipid raft as well as non-lipid raft domains can contribute to global cAMP responses. In addition, basal cAMP activity was found to be significantly higher in non-raft domains. This was supported by the fact that pharmacologic inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity reduced basal cAMP activity detected by Epac2-CAAX but not Epac2-MyrPalm or Epac2-camps. Responses detected by Epac2-CAAX were also more sensitive to direct stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity, but less sensitive to inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity. Quantitative modeling was used to demonstrate that differences in adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities are necessary but not sufficient to explain compartmentation of cAMP associated with different microdomains of the plasma membrane.
Assessing particle deposition in a representative in vitro model of the rat respiratory tract
(2014)
The aim of this thesis was to develop an in vitro model (IVR) of the rat lung for the purpose of investigating the deposition of drug particles in the rat airways. The model attempted to account for the affect of drug product characteristics and physiological parameters on deposition in the lungs. In addition, the model outputs were compared with in vivo lung deposition results from live rats and in silico predictions using published computer model of lung deposition in pre-clinical species.
Initial work focussed on developing an aerosol exposure system capable of dosing small rodent to a range of airborne test materials. The system consists of two main parts; a fluidised bed aerosol generator and connection of the generator output to a nose only exposure chamber capable of accommodating 12 small animals in a single layer. In addition, an aerodynamic particle spectrometer (APS) was installed for continuously measuring the size distribution and airborne concentration of aerosol particles generated in the exposure chamber. System validation showed acceptable degree of variation of the test material tested, Fluorescent Microspheres (FMS) throughout the exposure chamber (CV < 15.0%). Particle size (MMAD ± GSD) using the APS was shown to be stable throughout the exposure periods.
The IVR model developed in this project was based on a number of euthanased (n=7), female Sprague-Dawley rats (weight: 372 ± 56 g), which underwent high-resolution micro-CT scans. The physical model consisted of five sub sections; Extra-Thoracic region containing the snout and nasophyarynx, trachea-bronchial region containing the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. All sections of the model were attached to one another in numerical order and housed within a containment unit. At the rear end of the cast, a flexible diaphragm was attached in order to collect the fraction of inhaled particles exiting the TB section and possibly reaching the lung, referred to as the Post-TB section.
A study was conducted to assess the influence of inhalation parameters such as the breathing frequency and tidal volume on total and regional dose distribution using FMS as test material. The major finding of this study was the demonstration of the model sensitivity to changes in breathing parameters especially respiratory frequency, where the data showed increased deposition in the peripheral regions of the model with decreased respiratory frequency. Other studies assessed the effect of particle characteristics on deposition on the IVR model, such as particle size, dose increase and formulation changes.
The results assessing particle size effect showed a slightly higher deposition levels for the 4µm sized particles versus 2µm sized particles in the head region; 90.8 ± 3.6% and 88.2 ± 6.6%. However, this difference did not reach statistical significance (P> 0.05) probably due to the polydispersity of aerosolised FMS particles. In addition, the regional deposition analysis showed an increased lung peripheral deposition with the smaller particles. In addition, the model was shown to be sensitive to changes in formulation composition mediated by inclusion of MgSt.
The next stage of work was to validate the model in terms of comparison with lung deposition for in vivo rats. For lung deposition comparison, the absolute amount deposited in the IVR lung model (expressed as µg/kg) was shown to have a reasonably strong correlation with in vivo lung concentration measures (µg/kg); R2= 0.66, P < 0.05. Compounds were predicted well and within 2-folds of the measured lung deposition values. However, knowing the variability in biological systems and the multiple components required to estimate lung doses, predictions within 2-fold of the measured values would seem reasonable
In terms of comparison with in silico model predictions using MPPD, similar deposition levels were noted between the two models, particularly when the data was expressed as percentage of total particles inhaled. The data showed the highest deposition levels were noted in the head region (> 80%) and less than 5.0% deposition for the peripheral lung fractions.
With regards to using the IVR model to assess the relationship between dose, particle size and efficacy, an in vivo study using FP with different particle sizes (2.0 and 4.0 µm) but same doses ( 100 and 1000 µg/kg). This study demonstrated that exposure of rat to FP powder resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of neutrophils in BAL fluids. However, a clear difference in neutrophils suppression was demonstrated for equivalent doses but different particle sizes of FP, where the smaller FP particles (2.0 µm) induced a greater level of neutrophils suppression in comparison with larger FP particles (4.0 µm). In addition, a reasonably good correlation for the relationship between lung deposition in the IVR model and a neutrophils suppression level was demonstrated. Furthermore this data support the hypothesis that regional deposition is an important determinant in efficacy. Therefore, this suggests that the IVR model may be a useful as a tool to describe in vivo efficacy with in vitro data. However, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the validity of this model and relationship.
The IVR model has a number of important limitations. First, the model is based on scans up to generation four of the rat respiratory tract as this represented the limits of the micro-CT scanning technology at the time of this study. Therefore deposition in the deeper region of the lung may not be reflected precisely in the IVR model. Second, the regional deposition data generated using the model tended to show an overestimation of deposition in head region and an underestimation of deposition in the peripheral regions of the lung, in comparison with in vivo lung deposition data. Third, the current model does not take into account lung clearance. However, the amount of the drug present in the in vivo lungs is dependent on numerous physiological processes such as dissolution, passive or active absorption into the systemic circulation, binding to lung tissue and mucociliary clearance. Consequently, the results generated using this IVR model for drug molecules with high lung clearance rate should be treated with some caution.
Future work extending this research could go in a number of directions. In this research, a representative model of the rat respiratory tract was constructed from analysis of imaging data from a number of euthanised Sprague-Dawley rats. This model represented the “average respiratory tract” in terms of dimensions of Sprague-Dawley rats. However, there is considerable variability in the airway dimensions between rats. This variability encompasses a number of factors such as the strains of rats, sex and age, and disease state. Thus, it may be possible to produce a small number of airway models to represent small and large rats and scaled to represent the extrathoracic and peripheral regions based on literature reports of their dimensions in different rat populations. This approach will then enable the effect of intersubject airway dimensions for different rat populations on aerosol deposition to be thoroughly examined.
In addition, due to the limitation of the micro-CT technology used to construct the physical IVR model, detailed morphology only up to generation 4 were captured. However, recent advances in MRI technology, such as the use of in situ-MRI based scanning technology have enabled rat airway morphometry to be extended to 16 airway generation. This coupled with improvements in the resolutions of rapid-prototyping process means it may be possible to construct a rat model that reflects the in vivo lung morphology more accurately, and thus enable greater understanding of the link between aerosol deposition and airway geometry.
In conclusion, a model cast of the rat lung was developed and validated to allow the deposition of inhaled particles in the rat lung to be investigated. The model may be used to estimate the lung concentration in vivo rats in preference to exposure concentration measurements based on filter samples which have been shown to be a poor indicator of the lung concentration immediately after exposure. In addition, the model has the potential to be used along with live rats in an inhalation rig in pulmonary pharmaceutics research and may facilitate in development of inhaled formulations to target specific regions within the lung as well as screening of inhaled drugs in preclinical setting.
The composition of stable-isotope labelled isotopologues/isotopomers in metabolic products can be measured by mass spectrometry and supports the analysis of pathways and fluxes. As a prerequisite, the original mass spectra have to be processed, managed and stored to rapidly calculate, analyse and compare isotopomer enrichments to study, for instance, bacterial metabolism in infection. For such applications, we provide here the database application ‘Isotopo’. This software package includes (i) a database to store and process isotopomer data, (ii) a parser to upload and translate different data formats for such data and (iii) an improved application to process and convert signal intensities from mass spectra of \(^{13}C\)-labelled metabolites such as tertbutyldimethylsilyl-derivatives of amino acids. Relative mass intensities and isotopomer distributions are calculated applying a partial least square method with iterative refinement for high precision data. The data output includes formats such as graphs for overall enrichments in amino acids. The package is user-friendly for easy and robust data management of multiple experiments.
The rapid appearance of resistant malarial parasites after introduction of atovaquone (ATQ) drug has prompted the search for new drugs as even single point mutations in the active site of Cytochrome b protein can rapidly render ATQ ineffective. The presence of Y268 mutations in the Cytochrome b (Cyt b) protein is previously suggested to be responsible for the ATQ resistance in Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). In this study, we examined the resistance mechanism against ATQ in P. falciparum through computational methods. Here, we reported a reliable protein model of Cyt bc1 complex containing Cyt b and the Iron-Sulphur Protein (ISP) of P. falciparum using composite modeling method by combining threading, ab initio modeling and atomic-level structure refinement approaches. The molecular dynamics simulations suggest that Y268S mutation causes ATQ resistance by reducing hydrophobic interactions between Cyt bc1 protein complex and ATQ. Moreover, the important histidine contact of ATQ with the ISP chain is also lost due to Y268S mutation. We noticed the induced mutation alters the arrangement of active site residues in a fashion that enforces ATQ to find its new stable binding site far away from the wild-type binding pocket. The MM-PBSA calculations also shows that the binding affinity of ATQ with Cyt bc1 complex is enough to hold it at this new site that ultimately leads to the ATQ resistance.
The objective was to determine the mRNA expression and protein levels of uPA system components in tissue specimens and serum samples, respectively, from prostate cancer (PCa) patients and to assess their association with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival (OS). The mRNA expression levels of uPA, its receptor (uPAR), and its inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) were analyzed in corresponding malignant and adjacent nonmalignant tissue specimens from 132 PCa patients by quantitative PCR. Preoperative serum samples from 81 PCa patients were analyzed for antigen levels of uPA system members by ELISA. RNA levels of uPA system components displayed significant correlations with each other in the tumor tissues. A significantly decreased uP AmRNA expression in PCa compared to the corresponding nonmalignant tissue was detected. High uPA mRNA level was significantly associated with a high Gleason score. Elevated concentration of soluble uPAR (suPAR) in serum was significantly associated with a poor OS of PCa patients (P = 0.022). PCa patients with high suPAR levels have a significantly higher risk of death (multivariate Cox's regression analysis; IIR - 7.12, P - 0.027). The association of high suPAR levels with poor survival of PCa patients suggests a prognostic impact of suPAR levels in serum of cancer patients.
Royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) of the honeybee bear several open questions. One of them is their expression in tissues other than the hypopharyngeal glands (HGs), the site of royal jelly production. The sole MRJP-like gene of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris (BtRJPL), represents a pre-diversification stage of the MRJP gene evolution in bees. Here we investigate the expression of BtRJPL in the HGs and the brain of bumblebees. Comparison of the HGs of bumblebees and honeybees revealed striking differences in their morphology with respect to sex- and caste-specific appearance, number of cells per acinus, and filamentous actin (F-actin) rings. At the cellular level, we found a temporary F-actin-covered meshwork in the secretory cells, which suggests a role for actin in the biogenesis of the end apparatus in HGs. Using immunohistochemical localization, we show that BtRJPL is expressed in the bumblebee brain, predominantly in the Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies, the site of sensory integration in insects, and in the optic lobes. Our data suggest that a dual glandbrain function preceded the multiplication of MRJPs in the honeybee lineage. In the course of the honeybee evolution, HGs dramatically changed their morphology in order to serve a food-producing function.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite improvements in acute intensive care, there are currently no specific therapies to ameliorate the effects of TBI. Successful therapeutic strategies for TBI should target multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms that occur at different stages of brain injury. The kallikrein-kinin system is a promising therapeutic target for TBI as it mediates key pathologic events of traumatic brain damage, such as edema formation, inflammation, and thrombosis. Selective and specific kinin receptor antagonists and inhibitors of plasma kallikrein and coagulation factor XII have been developed, and have already shown therapeutic efficacy in animal models of stroke and TBI. However, conflicting preclinical evaluation, as well as limited and inconclusive data from clinical trials in TBI, suggests that caution should be taken before transferring observations made in animals to humans. This review summarizes current evidence on the pathologic significance of the kallikrein-kinin system during TBI in animal models and, where available, the experimental findings are compared with human data.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces a strong inflammatory response which includes blood-brain barrier damage, edema formation and infiltration of different immune cell subsets. More recently, microvascular thrombosis has been identified as another pathophysiological feature of TBI. The contact-kinin system represents an interface between inflammatory and thrombotic circuits and is activated in different neurological diseases. C1-Inhibitor counteracts activation of the contact-kinin system at multiple levels. We investigated the therapeutic potential of C1-Inhibitor in a model of TBI. Male and female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to cortical cryolesion and treated with C1-Inhibitor after 1 h. Lesion volumes were assessed between day 1 and day 5 and blood-brain barrier damage, thrombus formation as well as the local inflammatory response were determined post TBI. Treatment of male mice with 15.0 IU C1-Inhibitor, but not 7.5 IU, 1 h after cryolesion reduced lesion volumes by ~75% on day 1. This protective effect was preserved in female mice and at later stages of trauma. Mechanistically, C1-Inhibitor stabilized the blood-brain barrier and decreased the invasion of immune cells into the brain parenchyma. Moreover, C1-Inhibitor had strong antithrombotic effects. C1-Inhibitor represents a multifaceted anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic compound that prevents traumatic neurodegeneration in clinically meaningful settings.
Integrated approaches using different in vitro methods in combination with bioinformatics can (i) increase the success rate and speed of drug development; (ii) improve the accuracy of toxicological risk assessment; and (iii) increase our understanding of disease. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models are important building blocks of this strategy which has emerged during the last years. The majority of these models are organotypic, i.e., they aim to reproduce major functions of an organ or organ system. This implies in many cases that more than one cell type forms the 3D structure, and often matrix elements play an important role. This review summarizes the state of the art concerning commonalities of the different models. For instance, the theory of mass transport/metabolite exchange in 3D systems and the special analytical requirements for test endpoints in organotypic cultures are discussed in detail. In the next part, 3D model systems for selected organs liver, lung, skin, brain are presented and characterized in dedicated chapters. Also, 3D approaches to the modeling of tumors are presented and discussed. All chapters give a historical background, illustrate the large variety of approaches, and highlight up- and downsides as well as specific requirements. Moreover, they refer to the application in disease modeling, drug discovery and safety assessment. Finally, consensus recommendations indicate a roadmap for the successful implementation of 3D models in routine screening. It is expected that the use of such models will accelerate progress by reducing error rates and wrong predictions from compound testing.
A number of public codes exist for GPS positioning and baseline determination in off-line mode. However, no software code exists for DGPS exploiting correction factors at base stations, without relying on double difference information. In order to accomplish it, a methodology is introduced in MATLAB environment for DGPS using C/A pseudoranges on single frequency L1 only to make it feasible for low-cost GPS receivers. Our base station is at accurately surveyed reference point. Pseudoranges and geometric ranges are compared at base station to compute the correction factors. These correction factors are then handed over to rover for all valid satellites observed during an epoch. The rover takes it into account for its own true position determination for corresponding epoch. In order to validate the proposed algorithm, our rover is also placed at a pre-determined location. The proposed code is an appropriate and simple to use tool for post-processing of GPS raw data for accurate position determination of a rover e.g. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle during post-mission analysis.
Background and Aims: PMA is a recently described rare tumor entity occuring most often in young children. Due the worse outcome of PMA-patients as compared to children with pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), it has received a grade II assignment in the latest WHO classification. Nevertheless, increasing evidence suggests that the two tumor types are indeed pathologically and genetically related. The radiological differentiation of PMAs from PAs is challenging and the limited available data could not yet provide unequivocal distinguishing imaging features. Furthermore, it is not completely clarified whether PMA cases are associated with a higher rate of CSF dissemination compared to similarly young patients with PA. The aim of our study was firstly to compare MR/CT imaging features of these tumors, and secondly, to evaluate the occurrence of CSF dissemination.
Material and Methods: The study population included 15 children with PMA and 32 children with PA. A third group consisted of eight children with PAs with focal pilomyxoid features. All cases had been registered in the German multicenter SIOP/HIT-LGG trials. The initial MRIs (and CT scans, if available) at establishing the diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed according to standardized criteria and the findings compared between PMAs and PAs. Furthermore, we compared the occurrence of imaging evidences of CSF tumor dissemination between children with PMA and PA, respectively.
Results: The imaging appearance of PMAs and PAs was very similar. However, PAs tended to show more frequently cystic components (p=0.03). As opposed to PAs, PMAs did not have large tumor cysts. We did not find differences with respect to tumor size and tumor margin. Gadolinium enhancement of PMAs was significantly more frequently homogeneous (p=0.006). PMAs appeared to show more often intratumoral hemorrhages (p=0.047). Furthermore, suprasellar PMAs tended to have a more homogeneus texture on T2-weighted MR images (p=0.026). Within the subgroup < 6 years of age the PMA histology tended to have a larger effect on the occurrence of CSF dissemination than the age (p=0.05 vs.0.12).
Conclusions: Although the radiological appearance of PMAs and PAs is similar, some imaging features, like enhancement pattern or presence of cysts or hemorrhage may help differentiating these low-grade gliomas. Our results corroborate previous scarce data suggesting higher rate of CSF dissemination in PMAs, even in the youngest patient population. Thus, in young children with a chiasmatic-hypothalamic tumor suggestive of a PMA, an intensive search for CSF dissemination along the entire neuraxis should be performed.
In this work we wanted to investigate the role of NFATc1 in lymphocyte physiology and in pathological conditions (eg. psoriasis). NFATc1 is part of the signal transduction
pathways that regulates B cells activation and function. NFATc1 has different isoforms that are due to different promoters (P1 and P2), polyadenylation and alternative splicing. Moreover, we tried to elucidate the points of interactions between the NFAT and the NF-κB pathways in
activated B-cell fate. NFAT and NF-κB factors share several properties, such as a similar mode of induction and architecture in their DNA binding domain. We used mice which over-express a constitutive active version of NFATc1/α in their B cells with -or without- an ablated IRF4. IRF4 inhibits cell cycle progression of germinal center B cell-derived Burkitt’s lymphoma cells and
induces terminal differentiation toward plasma cells. Our experiments showed that a ‘double hit’ in factors affecting B cell activation (NFATc1 in this case) and late B cell Differentiation (IRF4 in this case) alter the development of the B cells, lead to increase in their numbers and increase in stimulation induced proliferation. Therefore, the overall picture indicates a link between these 2 genes and probable carcinogenic alterations that may occur in B cells.
We also show that in splenic B cells, c-Rel (of the NF-κB canonical pathway) Support the induction of NFATc1/αA through BCR signals. We also found evidence that the lack of NFATc1 affects the expression of Rel-B (of the NF-κB non-canonical pathway). These data suggest a tight interplay between NFATc1 and NF-κB in B cells, influencing the competence of B cells and their functions in peripheral tissues.
We also used IMQ-induced psoriasis-like inflammation on mice which either lack NFATc1 from B cell. Psoriasis is a systemic chronic immunological disease characterized
primarily by abnormal accelerated proliferation of the skin keratinocytes. In psoriasis, the precipitating event leads to immune cell activation. Our experiments showed that NFATc1 is needed for the development of psoriasis. It also showed that IL-10 is the link that enables NFAT
from altering the B cell compartment (eg Bregs) in order to affect inflammation. The important role of B cell in psoriasis is supported by the flared up psoriasis-like inflammation in mice that lack B cells. Bregs is a special type of B cells that regulate other B cells and T cells; tuning the immunological response through immunomodulatory cytokines.
LINC complexes are evolutionarily conserved nuclear envelope bridges, composed of SUN (Sad-1/UNC-84) and KASH (Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne/homology) domain proteins. They are crucial for nuclear positioning and nuclear shape determination, and also mediate nuclear envelope (NE) attachment of meiotic telomeres, essential for driving homolog synapsis and recombination. In mice, SUN1 and SUN2 are the only SUN domain proteins expressed during meiosis, sharing their localization with meiosis-specific KASH5. Recent studies have shown that loss of SUN1 severely interferes with meiotic processes. Absence of SUN1 provokes defective telomere attachment and causes infertility. Here, we report that meiotic telomere attachment is not entirely lost in mice deficient for SUN1, but numerous telomeres are still attached to the NE through SUN2/KASH5-LINC complexes. In Sun12/2 meiocytes attached telomeres retained the capacity to form bouquetlike clusters. Furthermore, we could detect significant numbers of late meiotic recombination events in Sun12/2 mice. Together, this indicates that even in the absence of SUN1 telomere attachment and their movement within the nuclear envelope per se can be functional.
Author summary:
Correct genome haploidization during meiosis requires tightly regulated chromosome movements that follow a highly conserved choreography during prophase I. Errors in these movements cause subsequent meiotic defects, which typically lead to infertility. At the beginning of meiotic prophase, chromosome ends are tethered to the nuclear envelope (NE). This attachment of telomeres appears to be mediated by well-conserved membrane spanning protein complexes within the NE (LINC complexes). In mouse meiosis, the two main LINC components SUN1 and SUN2 were independently described to localize at the sites of telomere attachment. While SUN1 has been demonstrated to be critical for meiotic telomere attachment, the precise role of SUN2 in this context, however, has been discussed controversially in the field. Our current study was targeted to determine the factual capacity of SUN2 in telomere attachment and chromosome movements in SUN1 deficient mice. Remarkably, although telomere attachment is impaired in the absence of SUN1, we could find a yet undescribed SUN1-independent telomere attachment, which presumably is mediated by SUN2 and KASH5. This SUN2 mediated telomere attachment is stable throughout prophase I and functional in moving telomeres within the NE. Thus, our results clearly indicate that SUN1 and SUN2, at least partially, fulfill redundant meiotic functions.
Sustainability has become a critical topic in all areas of supply chain management. As discussed earlier, drivers for this development can be identified as both internal and external phenomena. Since customers are one of the key stakeholders in supply chain management, special attention is paid to the impact of costumers´ behavior on sustainable supply chain design decisions. In this context, two main research questions were analyzed:
1.What is the appropriate way to design a supply chain according to environmentally-oriented requirements of customers?
2.What is the impact of customer´s behavior regarding both usage and return of products on supply chain design decisions in an environmentally conscious closed-loop supply chain environment?
Therefore, three different optimization models with various main aspects are developed. To illustrate how the presented models can be applied in practical problem cases, guidelines for implementing an environmentally supply chain design project are presented.
Electro-optical switching between polariton and cavity lasing in an InGaAs quantum well microcavity
(2014)
We report on the condensation of microcavity exciton polaritons under optical excitation in a microcavity with four embedded InGaAs quantum wells. The polariton laser is characterized by a distinct nonlinearity in the input-output-characteristics, which is accompanied by a drop of the emission linewidth indicating temporal coherence and a characteristic persisting emission blueshift with increased particle density. The temporal coherence of the device at threshold is underlined by a characteristic drop of the second order coherence function to a value close to 1. Furthermore an external electric field is used to switch between polariton regime, polariton condensate and photon lasing.
In the mammalian brain, the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a key factor for synaptic refinement, plasticity and learning. Although BDNF-induced signaling cascades are well known, the spatial aspects of the synaptic BDNF localization remained unclear. Recent data provide strong evidence for an exclusive presynaptic location and anterograde secretion of endogenous BDNF at synapses of the hippocampal circuit. In contrast, various studies using BDNF overexpression in cultured hippocampal neurons support the idea that postsynaptic elements and other dendritic structures are the preferential sites of BDNF localization and release. In this study we used rigorously tested anti-BDNF antibodies and achieved a dense labeling of endogenous BDNF close to synapses. Confocal microscopy showed natural BDNF close to many, but not all glutamatergic synapses, while neither GABAergic synapses nor postsynaptic structures carried a typical synaptic BDNF label. To visualize the BDNF distribution within the fine structure of synapses, we implemented super resolution fluorescence imaging by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). Two-color dSTORM images of neurites were acquired with a spatial resolution of ~20 nm. At this resolution, the synaptic scaffold proteins Bassoon and Homer exhibit hallmarks of mature synapses and form juxtaposed bars, separated by a synaptic cleft. BDNF imaging signals form granule-like clusters with a mean size of ~60 nm and are preferentially found within the fine structure of the glutamatergic presynapse. Individual glutamatergic presynapses carried up to 90% of the synaptic BDNF immunoreactivity, and only a minor fraction of BDNF molecules was found close to the postsynaptic bars. Our data proof that hippocampal neurons are able to enrich and store high amounts of BDNF in small granules within the mature glutamatergic presynapse, at a principle site of synaptic plasticity.
BACKGROUND:
The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) has remained unclear, but a causative contribution of factors outside the central nervous system (CNS) is conceivable. It was recently suggested that gut bacteria trigger the activation of CNS-reactive T cells and the development of demyelinative disease.
METHODS:
C57BL/6 (B6) mice were kept either under specific pathogen free or conventional housing conditions, immunized with the myelin basic protein (MBP)-proteolipid protein (PLP) fusion protein MP4 and the development of EAE was clinically monitored. The germinal center size of the Peyer's patches was determined by immunohistochemistry in addition to the level of total IgG secretion which was assessed by ELISPOT. ELISPOT assays were also used to measure MP4-specific T cell and B cell responses in the Peyer's patches and the spleen. Ear swelling assays were performed to determine the extent of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in specific pathogen free and conventionally housed mice.
RESULTS:
In B6 mice that were actively immunized with MP4 and kept under conventional housing conditions clinical disease was significantly attenuated compared to specific pathogen free mice. Conventionally housed mice displayed increased levels of IgG secretion in the Peyer's patches, while the germinal center formation in the gut and the MP4-specific TH17 response in the spleen were diminished after immunization. Accordingly, these mice displayed an attenuated delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in ear swelling assays.
CONCLUSIONS:
The data corroborate the notion that housing conditions play a substantial role in the induction of murine EAE and suggest that the presence of gut bacteria might be associated with a decreased immune response to antigens of lower affinity. This concept could be of importance for MS and calls for caution when considering the therapeutic approach to treat patients with antibiotics."
Nature-based tourism and ecotourism experienced a dynamic development over the past decade. While originally often described as specialized post-Fordist niche markets for ecologically aware and affluent target groups, in many regions they are nowadays characterized by a heterogeneous structure and the presence of a wide product range, from individual travels to package tours.
The present dissertation analyzes the structure and economic importance of tourism in two highly frequented protected areas in middle income countries, the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve (SKBR) in Mexico and the Souss-Massa National Park (SMNP) in Morocco. Both areas are situated in close proximity to the most important package tour destinations Cancún (Mexico) and Agadir (Morocco) and are subject to high touristic use and development pressure. So far, the planning of a more sustainable tourism development is hampered by the lack of reliable data.
Based on demand-side surveys and income multipliers calculated with the help of regionalized input-output models, the visitor structure and economic impact of tourism in both protected areas are described. With regional income effects of approximately 1 million USD (SKBR) and approximately 1.9 million USD (SMNP), and resulting income equivalents of 1,348 and 5,218 persons, both the SKBR and the SMNP play an important—and often undervalued—role for the regional economies in underdeveloped rural peripheral regions of the countries.
Detailed analyses of the visitor structures show marked differences with regard to criteria such as travel organization, nature/protected area affinity and expenditures. With regard to planning and marketing of nature-based tourism, protected area managers and political decision-takers are advised to focus on ecologically and economically attractive visitor groups. Based on the results of the two case studies as well as existing tourism typologies from the literature, a classification scheme is presented that may be used for a more target-oriented development and marketing of nature-based tourism products.
Information on the state of the terrestrial vegetation cover is important for several ecological, economical, and planning issues. In this regard, vegetation properties such as the type, vitality, or density can be described by means of continuous biophysical parameters. One of these parameters is the leaf area index (LAI), which is defined as half the total leaf area per unit ground surface area. As leaves constitute the interface between the biosphere and the atmosphere, the LAI is used to model exchange processes between plants and their environment. However, to account for the variability of ecosystems, spatially and temporally explicit information on LAI is needed both for monitoring and modeling applications.
Remote sensing aims at providing such information. LAI is commonly derived from remote sensing data by empirical-statistical or physical models. In the first approach, an empirical relationship between LAI measured in situ and the corresponding canopy spectral signature is established. Although this method achieves accurate LAI estimates, these relationships are only valid for the place and time at which the field data were sampled, which hampers automated LAI derivation. The physical approach uses a radiation transfer model to simulate canopy reflectance as a function of the scene’s geometry and of leaf and canopy parameters, from which LAI is derived through model inversion based on remote sensing data. However, this model inversion is not stable, as it is an under-determined and ill-posed problem.
Until now, LAI research focused either on the use of coarse resolution remote sensing data for global applications, or on LAI modeling over a confined area, mostly in forest and crop ecosystems, using medium to high spatial resolution data. This is why to date no study is available in which high spatial resolution data are used for LAI mapping in a heterogeneous, natural landscape such as alpine grasslands, although a growing amount of high spatial and temporal resolution remote sensing data would allow for an improved environmental monitoring. Therefore, issues related to model parameterization and inversion regularization techniques improving its stability have not yet been investigated for this ecosystem.
This research gap was taken up by this thesis, in which the potential of high spatial resolution remote sensing data for grassland LAI estimation based on statistical and radiation transfer modeling is analyzed, and the achieved accuracy and robustness of the two approaches is compared. The objectives were an ecosystem-adapted radiation transfer model set-up and an optimized LAI derivation in mountainous grassland areas. Multi-temporal LAI in situ measurements as well as time series of RapidEye data from 2011 and 2012 over the catchment of the River Ammer in the Bavarian alpine upland were used. In order to obtain accurate in situ data, a comparison of the LAI derivation algorithms implemented in the LAI-2000 PCA instrument with destructively measured LAI was performed first. For optimizing the empirical-statistical approach, it was then analyzed how the selection of vegetation indices and regression models impacts LAI modeling, and how well these models can be transferred to other dates. It was shown that LAI can be derived
with a mean accuracy of 80 % using contemporaneous field data, but that the accuracy decreases to on average 51 % when using these models on remote sensing data from other dates. The combined use of several data sets to create a regression which is used for LAI derivation at different points in time increased the LAI estimation accuracy to on average 65 %. Thus, reduced field measurement labor comes at the cost of LAI error rates being increased by 10 - 30 % as long as at least two campaigns are conducted. Further, it was shown that the use of RapidEye’s red edge channel improves the LAI derivation by on average 5.4 %.
With regard to physical LAI modeling, special interest lay in assessing the accuracy improvements that can be achieved through model set-up and inversion regularization techniques. First, a global sensitivity analysis was applied to the radiation transfer model in order to identify the most important model parameters and most sensitive spectral features. After model parameterization, several inversion regularizations, namely the use of a multiple sample solution, the additional use of vegetation indices, and the addition of noise, were analyzed. Further, an approach to include the local scene’s geometry in the retrieval process was introduced to account for the mountainous topography. LAI modeling accuracies of in average 70 % were achieved using the best combination of regularization techniques, which is in the upper range of accuracies that were achieved in the few existing other grassland studies based on in situ or air-borne measured hyperspectral data. Finally, further physically derived vegetation parameters and inversion uncertainty measures were evaluated in detail to identify challenging modeling conditions, which was mostly neglected in other studies. An increased modeling uncertainty for extremely high and low LAI values was observed. This indicates an insufficiently wide model parameterization and a canopy deviation from model assumptions on some fields. Further, the LAI modeling accuracies varied strongly between the different scenes. From this observation it can be deduced that the radiometric quality of the remote sensing data, which might be reduced by atmospheric effects or unexpected surface reflectances, exerts a high influence on the LAI modeling accuracy.
The major findings of the comparison between the empirical-statistical and physical LAI modeling approaches are the higher accuracies achieved by the empirical-statistical approach as long as contemporaneous field data are available, and the computationally efficiency of the statistical approach. However, when no or temporally unfitting in situ measurements are available, the physical approach achieves comparable or even higher accuracies. Furthermore, radiation transfer modeling enables the derivation of other leaf and canopy variables useful for ecological monitoring and modeling applications, as well as of pixel-wise uncertainty measures indicating the robustness and reliability of the model inversion and LAI derivation procedure. The established look-up tables can be used for further LAI derivation in Central European grassland also in other years.
The use of high spatial resolution remote sensing data for LAI derivation enables a reliable land cover classification and thus a reduced LAI mapping error due to misclassifications. Furthermore, the RapidEye pixels being smaller than individual fields allow for a radiation transfer model inversion over homogeneous canopies in most cases, as canopy gaps or field parcels can be clearly distinguished. However, in case of unexpected local surface conditions such as blooming, litter, or canopy gaps, high spatial resolution data show corresponding strong deviations in reflectance values and hence LAI estimation, which would be reduced using coarser resolution data through the balancing effect of the surrounding surface reflectances. An optimal pixel size with regard to modeling accuracy hence depends on the canopy and landscape structure. Furthermore, a reduced spatial resolution would enable a considerable acceleration of the LAI map derivation.
This illustration of the potential of RapidEye data and of the challenges associated to LAI derivation in heterogeneous grassland areas contributes to the development of robust LAI estimation procedures based on new and upcoming, spatially and temporally high resolution remote sensing imagery such as Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2.
Quantum systems can provide outstanding performance in various sensing applications, ranging from bioscience to nanotechnology. Atomic-scale defects in silicon carbide are very attractive in this respect because of the technological advantages of this material and favorable optical and radio frequency spectral ranges to control these defects. We identified several, separately addressable spin-3/2 centers in the same silicon carbide crystal, which are immune to nonaxial strain fluctuations. Some of them are characterized by nearly temperature independent axial crystal fields, making these centers very attractive for vector magnetometry. Contrarily, the zero-field splitting of another center exhibits a giant thermal shift of −1.1 MHz/K at room temperature, which can be used for thermometry applications. We also discuss a synchronized composite clock exploiting spin centers with different thermal response.
Chromosomal translocations affecting the MYC oncogene are the biological hallmark of Burkitt lymphomas but also occur in a subset of other mature B-cell lymphomas. If accompanied by a chromosomal break targeting the BCL2 and/or BCL6 oncogene these MYC translocation-positive (MYC+) lymphomas are called double-hit lymphomas, otherwise the term single-hit lymphomas is applied. In order to characterize the biological features of these MYC+ lymphomas other than Burkitt lymphoma we explored, after exclusion of molecular Burkitt lymphoma as defined by gene expression profiling, the molecular, pathological and clinical aspects of 80 MYC-translocation-positive lymphomas (31 single-hit, 46 double-hit and 3 MYC+-lymphomas with unknown BCL6 status). Comparison of single-hit and double-hit lymphomas revealed no difference in MYC partner (IG/non-IG), genomic complexity, MYC expression or gene expression profile. Double-hit lymphomas more frequently showed a germinal center B-cell-like gene expression profile and had higher IGH and MYC mutation frequencies. Gene expression profiling revealed 130 differentially expressed genes between BCL6(+)/MYC+ and BCL2(+)/MYC+ double-hit lymphomas. BCL2(+)/MYC+ double-hit lymphomas more frequently showed a germinal center B-like gene expression profile. Analysis of all lymphomas according to MYC partner (IG/non-IG) revealed no substantial differences. In this series of lymphomas, in which immunochemotherapy was administered in only a minority of cases, single-hit and double-hit lymphomas had a similar poor outcome in contrast to the outcome of molecular Burkitt lymphoma and lymphomas without the MYC break. Our data suggest that, after excluding molecular Burkitt lymphoma and pediatric cases, MYC+ lymphomas are biologically quite homogeneous with single-hit and double-hit lymphomas as well as IG-MYC and non-IG-MYC+ lymphomas sharing various molecular characteristics.
Measles virus (MV) efficiently causes generalized immunosuppression which accounts to a major extent for cases of measles-asscociated severe morbidity and mortality. MV infections alter many functions of antigen presenting cells (APC) (dendritic cells (DCs)) and lymphocytes, yet many molecular targets of the virus remain poorly defined. Cellular interactions and effector functions of DCs and lymphocytes are regulated by surface receptors. Associating with other proteins involved in cell signaling, receptors form part of receptosomes that respond to and transmit external signals through dynamic interctions with the cytoskeleton. Alterations in the composition and metabolism of membrane sphingolipids have a substantial impact on both processes. In this review we focus on the regulation of sphingomyelinase activity and ceramide release in cells exposed to MV and discuss the immunosuppressive role of sphingomyelin breakdown induced by MV.
Drilus beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) are specialized predators of land snails. Here, we describe various aspects of the predator-prey interactions between multiple Drilus species attacking multiple Albinaria (Gastropoda: Clausiliidae) species in Greece. We observe that Drilus species may be facultative or obligate Albinaria-specialists. We map geographically varying predation rates in Crete, where on average 24% of empty shells carry fatal Drilus bore holes. We also provide first-hand observations and video-footage of prey entry and exit strategies of the Drilus larvae, and evaluate the potential mutual evolutionary impacts. We find limited evidence for an effect of shell features and snail behavioral traits on inter-and intraspecifically differing predation rates. We also find that Drilus predators adjust their predation behavior based on specific shell traits of the prey. In conclusion, we suggest that, with these baseline data, this interesting predator-prey system will be available for further, detailed more evolutionary ecology studies.
Background
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a malignant disease most commonly diagnosed in the setting of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Pulmonary KS has never been reported in association with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS).
Case presentation
A 60-year-old woman presented with symptoms and signs of CS. Adrenal CS was confirmed by standard biochemical evaluation. Imaging revealed a right adrenal lesion (diameter 3.5 cm) and multiple pulmonary nodules, suggesting a cortisol-secreting adrenal carcinoma with pulmonary metastases. The patient underwent right adrenalectomy with a pathohistological diagnosis of an adrenal adenoma. Subsequent thoracoscopic wedge resection of one lung lesion revealed pulmonary KS with positive immunostaining for human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). HIV-serology was negative. Hydrocortisone replacement was initiated for secondary adrenal insufficiency after surgery. Post-operative follow up imaging showed complete remission of all KS-related pulmonary nodules solely after resolution of hypercortisolism.
Conclusion
KS may occur in the setting of endogenous CS and may go into remission after cure of hypercortisolism without further specific treatment.
Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) at transition-metal oxide (TMO) interfaces, and boundary states in topological insulators, are being intensively investigated. The former system harbors superconductivity, large magneto-resistance, and ferromagnetism. In the latter, honeycomb-lattice geometry plus bulk spin-orbit interactions lead to topologically protected spin-polarized bands. 2DEGs in TMOs with a honeycomb-like structure could yield new states of matter, but they had not been experimentally realized, yet. We successfully created a 2DEG at the (111) surface of KTaO3, a strong insulator with large spin-orbit coupling. Its confined states form a network of weakly-dispersing electronic gutters with 6-fold symmetry, a topology novel to all known oxide-based 2DEGs. If those pertain to just one Ta-(111) bilayer, model calculations predict that it can be a topological metal. Our findings demonstrate that completely new electronic states, with symmetries not realized in the bulk, can be tailored in oxide surfaces, promising for TMO-based devices.
Due to the rotation of the earth in the solar system all inhabitants of our planet are exposed to regular environmental changes since more than 3.5 billion years. In order to anticipate these predictable changes in the environment, evolutionarily conserved biological rhythms have evolved in most organisms – ranging from ancient cyanobacteria up to human beings – and also at different levels of organization – from single cells up to behavior. These rhythms are endogenously generated by so called circadian clocks in our body and entrained to the 24 h cycle by external timing cues. In multi-cellular organisms the majority of the cells in the body is equipped with such an oscillator. In mammals, the circadian system is structured in a hierarchical fashion: A central pacemaker resides in the bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, while subsidiary peripheral clocks exist in nearly every tissue and organ.
In contrast to the aforementioned recurrent environmental changes most organisms are also exposed to unpredictable changes in the environment. In order to adapt to these sudden alterations the acute activation of the stress response system, involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, displays a fundamental survival mechanism. However, if activation of the stress system becomes chronic, devastating somatic and affective disorders might be the consequence.
At first glance, the circadian and the stress system seem to represent two separate bodily control systems that are involved in adaptation to predictable and unpredictable stimuli, respectively. However, both systems are fundamental for survival, and thus, communicate with each other at various levels. Early studies already demonstrated that stressor exposure at different times of the diurnal cycle generates different stress effects, whereupon the type of stressor plays a pivotal role. Moreover, alterations in the SCN and peripheral circadian clocks could be shown following stressor exposure.
In cooperation with various co-workers, I investigated whether the stress responsiveness is modulated by the endogenous clock in a diurnal fashion and whether repeated psychosocial stress impacts the circadian clock depending on the time of day of stressor exposure. Therefore, male C57BL/6 mice were repeatedly exposed to a psychosocial stressor, either at the beginning of the inactive/light phase (SDL mice) or active/dark phase (SDD mice).
Subsequently, different behavioral, physiological/endocrine and immunological/ inflammatory consequences were assessed. It could be shown that the effects of repeated psychosocial stressor exposure strongly depend on the time of day of stressor exposure. The present results demonstrate that repeated daily stressor exposure has a more negative outcome when applied during the active/dark phase compared to the inactive/light phase. Stressor exposure during the active phase resulted in a loss of general activity, decreased interest in an unfamiliar conspecific, a shift towards a more pro-inflammatory body milieu, and rhythm disturbances in plasma hormones, all representing well-accepted hallmarks of depression. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice exposed to the stressor in their inactive phase exhibited minor physiological alterations that might prevent the formation of the maladaptive consequences mentioned above, thus representing beneficial adaptations.
The second focus of this thesis was put on the investigation of the effects of repeated psychosocial stressor exposure at different times of the light-dark cycle on various levels of the circadian system. An increased expression of the PERIOD2 (PER2) protein, which represents an essential core clock component, could be found in the SCN of mice repeatedly exposed to the stressor during their active phase. In consistence with the alterations in the central circadian pacemaker, the daily rhythm of different hormones and the activity rhythm were considerably affected by SDD. Mice exposed to the psychosocial stressor in their active phase showed a shifted, or absent, rhythm of the hormones corticosterone and leptin. Moreover, their activity was found to be phase-delayed, which seems to be attributable to the Period (Per) gene since Per1/Per2 double-mutants still exhibited their normal activity rhythm following 19 days of stressor exposure during the active phase. In contrast, a phase-advance in the peripheral adrenal gland clock could be seen in C57BL/6 mice subjected to the stressor during their inactive phase. This phase-shift might be required for maintaining the normal rhythmicity in hormonal release and activity.
It has previously been suggested that activation of the HPA axis upon stressor exposure at different times of the light-dark cycle is depending on whether the stressor is of physical or psychological nature. Data from the HPA axis analysis now refine previous findings, indicating that psychosocial stressors also modulate HPA axis responses based on the time of day of stressor presentation. The present results demonstrate that HPA axis activity was reduced following repeated stressor exposure during the active phase. It is reasonable to speculate that this reduced basal activity of the stress system represents a failure in HPA axis adjustment, which could contribute to the negative consequences of repeated psychosocial stressor exposure during the dark phase.
Taken together, it can be concluded that the endogenous clock in mice modulates the stress responsiveness in a circadian fashion and that repeated psychosocial stressor exposure affects the biological clock depending on the time of day of stressor presentation. Thereby, stressor exposure during the active phase results in a more negative outcome as compared to stressor experience during the inactive phase. It is assumed that the interaction between the circadian clock and the stress system is a complex issue that might ensure that the endogenous clock does not get out of synchrony in any order.
Background. Up to 75% of crop species benefit at least to some degree from animal pollination for fruit or seed set and yield. However, basic information on the level of pollinator dependence and pollinator contribution to yield is lacking for many crops. Even less is known about how insect pollination affects crop quality. Given that habitat loss and agricultural intensification are known to decrease pollinator richness and abundance, there is a need to assess the consequences for different components of crop production. Methods. We used pollination exclusion on flowers or inflorescences on a whole plant basis to assess the contribution of insect pollination to crop yield and quality in four flowering crops (spring oilseed rape, field bean, strawberry, and buckwheat) located in four regions of Europe. For each crop, we recorded abundance and species richness of flower visiting insects in ten fields located along a gradient from simple to heterogeneous landscapes. Results. Insect pollination enhanced average crop yield between 18 and 71% depending on the crop. Yield quality was also enhanced in most crops. For instance, oilseed rape had higher oil and lower chlorophyll contents when adequately pollinated, the proportion of empty seeds decreased in buckwheat, and strawberries' commercial grade improved; however, we did not find higher nitrogen content in open pollinated field beans. Complex landscapes had a higher overall species richness of wild pollinators across crops, but visitation rates were only higher in complex landscapes for some crops. On the contrary, the overall yield was consistently enhanced by higher visitation rates, but not by higher pollinator richness. Discussion. For the four crops in this study, there is clear benefit delivered by pollinators on yield quantity and/or quality, but it is not maximized under current agricultural intensification. Honeybees, the most abundant pollinator, might partially compensate the loss of wild pollinators in some areas, but our results suggest the need of landscape-scale actions to enhance wild pollinator populations.
We have discovered a new mechanism of monoallelic gene expression that links antigenic variation, cell cycle, and development in the model parasite Trypanosoma brucei. African trypanosomes possess hundreds of variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes, but only one is expressed from a telomeric expression site (ES) at any given time. We found that the expression of a second VSG alone is sufficient to silence the active VSG gene and directionally attenuate the ES by disruptor of telomeric silencing-1B (DOT1B)-mediated histone methylation. Three conserved expression-site-associated genes (ESAGs) appear to serve as signal for ES attenuation. Their depletion causes G1-phase dormancy and reversible initiation of the slender-to-stumpy differentiation pathway. ES-attenuated slender bloodstream trypanosomes gain full developmental competence for transformation to the tsetse fly stage. This surprising connection between antigenic variation and developmental progression provides an unexpected point of attack against the deadly sleeping sickness.
We herein perform open circuit voltage decay (OCVD) measurements on methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite solar cells to increase the understanding of the charge carrier recombination dynamics in this emerging technology. Optically pulsed OCVD measurements are conducted on CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells and compared to results from another type of thin-film photovoltaics, namely, the two reference polymer–fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cell devices based on P3HT:PC60BM and PTB7:PC70BM blends. We observe two very different time domains of the voltage transient in the perovskite solar cell with a first drop on a short time scale that is similar to the decay in the studied organic solar cells. However, 65%–70% of the maximum photovoltage persists on much longer timescales in the perovskite solar cell than in the organic devices. In addition, we find that the recombination dynamics in all time regimes are dependent on the starting illumination intensity, which is also not observed in the organic devices. We then discuss the potential origins of these unique behaviors.
Nasal colonization is a major risk factor for S. aureus infections. The mechanisms responsible for colonization are still not well understood and involve several factors on the host and the bacterial side. One key factor is the cell wall teichoic acid (WTA) of S. aureus, which governs direct interactions with nasal epithelial surfaces. We report here the first receptor for the cell wall glycopolymer WTA on nasal epithelial cells. In several assay systems this type F-scavenger receptor, termed SREC-I, bound WTA in a charge dependent manner and mediated adhesion to nasal epithelial cells in vitro. The impact of WTA and SREC-I interaction on epithelial adhesion was especially pronounced under shear stress, which resembles the conditions found in the nasal cavity. Most importantly, we demonstrate here a key role of the WTA-receptor interaction in a cotton rat model of nasal colonization. When we inhibited WTA mediated adhesion with a SREC-I antibody, nasal colonization in the animal model was strongly reduced at the early onset of colonization. More importantly, colonization stayed low over an extended period of 6 days. Therefore we propose targeting of this glycopolymer-receptor interaction as a novel strategy to prevent or control S. aureus nasal colonization.
Unlike induced \(Foxp3^+\) regulatory T cells (\(Foxp3^+\) \(iT_{reg}\)) that have been shown to play an essential role in the development of protective immunity to the ubiquitous mold Aspergillus fumigatus, type-(1)-regulatory T cells (Tr1) cells have, thus far, not been implicated in this process. Here, we evaluated the role of Tr1 cells specific for an epitope derived from the cell wall glucanase Crf-1 of A. fumigatus (Crf-1/p41) in antifungal immunity. We identified Crf-1/p41-specific latent-associated \(peptide^+\) Tr1 cells in healthy humans and mice after vaccination with Crf-1/p41+zymosan. These cells produced high amounts of interleukin (IL)-10 and suppressed the expansion of antigen-specific T cells in vitro and in vivo. In mice, in vivo differentiation of Tr1 cells was dependent on the presence of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, c-Maf and IL-27. Moreover, in comparison to Tr1 cells, \(Foxp3^+\) \(iT_{reg}\) that recognize the same epitope were induced in an interferon gamma-type inflammatory environment and more potently suppressed innate immune cell activities. Overall, our data show that Tr1 cells are involved in the maintenance of antifungal immune homeostasis, and most likely play a distinct, yet complementary, role compared with \(Foxp3^+\) \(iT_{reg}\).
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive, virus-associated, neuroendocrine tumor of the skin mainly affecting immunocompromised patients. Higher intratumoral infiltration with CD3 and CD8 positive T-cells is associated with a better prognosis, highlighting the relevance of the immune system for MCC development and progression. In this study 21 primary MCCs were stained with immune cell markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD20, and S100. Furthermore, tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, tertiary lymphoid structures and PD-L1 expression were analyzed and correlated with overall and recurrence free survival. All MCCs were Merkel Cell Polyomavirus positive. Overall and recurrence-free survival did not correlate with intra-and peritumoral CD3 and CD8 T-cell infiltration. In addition, no significant association regarding prognosis was found for tumor-associated neutrophils, tumor-associated macrophages or PD-L1 positivity in MCCs. Interestingly, the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the tumor microenvironment significantly correlated with recurrence-free survival (P=0.025). In addition, TLS were significantly associated with a higher CD8/CD4 ratio in the tumor periphery (P=0.032), but not in the center of the tumor (P > 0.999). These results demonstrate for the first time that TLS, easily assessed in paraffin-embedded tissue in the tumor periphery of MCCs, may be a valuable prognostic factor indicating prolonged recurrence free survival.
An in vivo model of antiangiogenic therapy allowed us to identify genes upregulated by bevacizumab treatment, including Fatty Acid Binding Protein 3 (FABP3) and FABP7, both of which are involved in fatty acid uptake. In vitro, both were induced by hypoxia in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha)-dependent manner. There was a significant lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in hypoxia that was time and O-2 concentration dependent. Knockdown of endogenous expression of FABP3, FABP7, or Adipophilin (an essential LD structural component) significantly impaired LD formation under hypoxia. We showed that LD accumulation is due to FABP3/7-dependent fatty acid uptake while de novo fatty acid synthesis is repressed in hypoxia. We also showed that ATP production occurs via beta-oxidation or glycogen degradation in a cell-type-dependent manner in hypoxia-reoxygenation. Finally, inhibition of lipid storage reduced protection against reactive oxygen species toxicity, decreased the survival of cells subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation in vitro, and strongly impaired tumorigenesis in vivo.
Escherichia coli α-hemolysin (HlyA) is a pore-forming protein of 110 kDa belonging to the family of RTX toxins. A hydrophobic region between the amino acid residues 238 and 410 in the N-terminal half of HlyA has previously been suggested to form hydrophobic and/or amphipathic α-helices and has been shown to be important for hemolytic activity and pore formation in biological and artificial membranes. The structure of the HlyA transmembrane channel is, however, largely unknown. For further investigation of the channel structure, we deleted in HlyA different stretches of amino acids that could form amphipathic β-strands according to secondary structure predictions (residues 71–110, 158–167, 180–203, and 264–286). These deletions resulted in HlyA mutants with strongly reduced hemolytic activity. Lipid bilayer measurements demonstrated that HlyAΔ71–110 and HlyAΔ264–286 formed channels with much smaller single-channel conductance than wildtype HlyA, whereas their channel-forming activity was virtually as high as that of the wildtype toxin. HlyAΔ158–167 and HlyAΔ180–203 were unable to form defined channels in lipid bilayers. Calculations based on the single-channel data indicated that the channels generated by HlyAΔ71–110 and HlyAΔ264–286 had a smaller size (diameter about 1.4 to 1.8 nm) than wildtype HlyA channels (diameter about 2.0 to 2.6 nm), suggesting that in these mutants part of the channel-forming domain was removed. Osmotic protection experiments with erythrocytes confirmed that HlyA, HlyAΔ71–110, and HlyAΔ264–286 form defined transmembrane pores and suggested channel diameters that largely agreed with those estimated from the single-channel data. Taken together, these results suggest that the channel-forming domain of HlyA might contain β-strands, possibly in addition to α-helical structures.
In this thesis, we investigate aspects of the physics of heavy-fermion systems and correlated topological insulators.
We numerically solve the interacting Hamiltonians that model the physical systems using quantum Monte Carlo algorithms
to access both ground-state and finite-temperature observables.
Initially, we focus on the metamagnetic transition in the Kondo lattice model for heavy fermions.
On the basis of the dynamical mean-field theory and the dynamical cluster approximation,
our calculations point towards a continuous transition, where the signatures of metamagnetism are linked to a Lifshitz transition of heavy-fermion bands.
In the second part of the thesis, we study various aspects of magnetic pi fluxes in the Kane-Mele-Hubbard model of a correlated topological insulator.
We describe a numerical measurement of the topological index, based on the localized mid-gap states that are provided by pi flux insertions.
Furthermore, we take advantage of the intrinsic spin degree of freedom of a pi flux to devise instances of interacting quantum spin systems.
In the third part of the thesis, we introduce and characterize the Kane-Mele-Hubbard model on the pi flux honeycomb lattice.
We place particular emphasis on the correlations effects along the one-dimensional boundary of the lattice and
compare results from a bosonization study with finite-size quantum Monte Carlo simulations.
Galectin-1 (hGal-1) is overexpressed by numerous cancer types and previously conducted studies confirmed that the β-galactoside-binding protein mediates various molecular interactions associated with tumor growth, spread and survival. Upon interaction with carbohydrate-based binding epitopes of glycan structures on human cell surfaces galectin-1 induces proliferative, angiogenetic and migratory signals and modulates negative T cell regulation which essentially helps the tumor to evade the immune response. These findings attributed galectin-1 a pivotal role in tumor physiology and strongly suggest the protein as target for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Within the scope of this work a strategy was elaborated for designing tailor-made galectin-1 ligands by functionalizing selected hydroxyl groups of the natural binding partner N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) that are not involved in the sophisticated interplay between the disaccharide and the protein. Synthetic modifications intended to introduce chemical groups i) to address a potential binding site adjacent to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) with extended hGal-1-ligand interactions, ii) to implement a tracer isotope for diagnostic detection and iii) to install a linker unit for immobilization on microarrays.
Resulting structures were investigated regarding their targeting ability towards galectin-1 by cocrystallization experiments, SPR and ITC studies. Potent binders were further probed for their diagnostic potential to trace elevated galectin-1 levels in microarray experiments and for an application in positron emission tomography (PET).
Theories of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aetiology have placed a focus on impaired behavioural inhibition presumably leading to executive function (EF) deficits. Neuroimaging studies report neurophysiological findings consistent with these hypothesised impairments, and investigations of functional brain activation from a network perspective report hypoactivation in the frontoparietal network as well as hyperactivation in the dorsal attention network. Studies investigating the acute effects of stimulant medication on EF show an improvement on behavioural EF measures including working memory. In addition, methylphenidate (MPH) was shown to up-regulate the task-positive/ frontoparietal network in children and adolescents with ADHD. So far, there are only few studies investigating the impact of ADHD on behavioural and neurophysiological EF measures as well as the effect of several weeks of stimulant medication in adult patients.
The importance of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme for subcortical and cortical dopaminergic and noradrenergic functioning furthermore led to studies investigating a potential interactive impact of COMT genotype and ADHD on neuropsychological functioning, with a particular focus on working memory. The results of these studies were very heterogeneous. In addition, as none of the studies compared the results of ADHD patients to those of a healthy control group, possible differential effects of COMT in patients and healthy controls could not be examined.
The aim of this dissertation was to investigate selective attention properties of the central executive component during a working memory task and to transfer this task to fMRI. A third study then aimed to investigate the effects of adult ADHD (aADHD), MPH, and COMT genotype on working memory with a particular focus on activation of the task-positive network during the analysis of the fMRI data.
The first study (EEG) could replicate and extend the results from previous research. This study could furthermore connect the overall activation in frontal areas to suppression efficiency in posterior visual areas as well as establish the impact of hyperactive/ impulsive ADHD symptoms on task performance. The second study (fMRI) allowed the successful transfer of the paradigm to fMRI, and the further replication and extension of previous findings. In addition, this study showed the sensitivity of the task to the effects of the COMT genotype. The third study (fMRI) was one of the first studies that exploratorily investigated the effects COMT in a sample of aADHD patients and a comparable healthy control group. This study showed an interactive effect of these two factors on neuropsychological measures as well as on fMRI activation during a classic n-back working memory task. In addition, this task led to more activation in the task-positive network of the aADHD group compared to a healthy control group in the absence of performance differences, pointing towards compensatory activation in the aADHD group. Furthermore, activation in the frontal cortex was increased in patients taking MPH compared to a placebo. The fMRI data from the selective attention task moreover showed decreased activation in the right DLPFC of the patient group, which was associated with reduced suppression efficiency across all participants. The clinical effect of MPH in the third study was visible but did not reach significance, which is probably attributable to a lack of experimental power.
The studies in this dissertation could successfully replicate and extend previous findings. A goal for future studies should be the further investigation of the interactive effects of COMT genotype and aADHD on neuropsychological test results and fMRI activation, but also on medication response and adverse effects. In this context, the adaptation of a network perspective during the analysis of fMRI data seems to be the best way to detect existing between-group differences.
Extraintestinal pathogenic and intestinal pathogenic (diarrheagenic) Escherichia coli differ phylogenetically and by virulence profiles. Classic theory teaches simple linear descent in this species, where non-pathogens acquire virulence traits and emerge as pathogens. However, diarrheagenic Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC) O2:H6 not only possess and express virulence factors associated with diarrheagenic and uropathogenic E.coli but also cause diarrhea and urinary tract infections. These organisms are phylogenetically positioned between members of an intestinal pathogenic group (STEC) and extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli. STEC O2:H6 is, therefore, a 'heteropathogen,' and the first such hybrid virulent E.coli identified. The phylogeny of these E.coli and the repertoire of virulence traits they possess compel consideration of an alternate view of pathogen emergence, whereby one pathogroup of E.coli undergoes phased metamorphosis into another. By understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of bacterial pathogens, rational strategies for counteracting their detrimental effects on humans can be developed.
Purpose: To compare a novel combined acquisition technique (CAT) of turbo-spin-echo (TSE) and echo-planar-imaging (EPI) with conventional TSE. CAT reduces the electromagnetic energy load transmitted for spin excitation. This radiofrequency (RF) burden is limited by the specific absorption rate (SAR) for patient safety. SAR limits restrict high-field MRI applications, in particular.
Material and Methods: The study was approved by the local Medical Ethics Committee. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. T2- and PD-weighted brain images of n = 40 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients were acquired by CAT and TSE at 3 Tesla. Lesions were recorded by two blinded, board-certificated neuroradiologists. Diagnostic equivalence of CAT and TSE to detect MS lesions was evaluated along with their SAR, sound pressure level (SPL) and sensations of acoustic noise, heating, vibration and peripheral nerve stimulation.
Results: Every MS lesion revealed on TSE was detected by CAT according to both raters (Cohen's kappa of within-rater/across-CAT/TSE lesion detection kappa(CAT) = 1.00, at an inter-rater lesion detection agreement of kappa(LES) = 0.82). CAT reduced the SAR burden significantly compared to TSE (p<0.001). Mean SAR differences between TSE and CAT were 29.0 (+/- 5.7) % for the T2-contrast and 32.7 (+/- 21.9) % for the PD-contrast (expressed as percentages of the effective SAR limit of 3.2 W/kg for head examinations). Average SPL of CAT was no louder than during TSE. Sensations of CAT-vs. TSE-induced heating, noise and scanning vibrations did not differ.
Conclusion: T2-/PD-CAT is diagnostically equivalent to TSE for MS lesion detection yet substantially reduces the RF exposure. Such SAR reduction facilitates high-field MRI applications at 3 Tesla or above and corresponding protocol standardizations but CAT can also be used to scan faster, at higher resolution or with more slices. According to our data, CAT is no more uncomfortable than TSE scanning.
Background: RNA-seq and its variant differential RNA-seq (dRNA-seq) are today routine methods for transcriptome analysis in bacteria. While expression profiling and transcriptional start site prediction are standard tasks today, the problem of identifying transcriptional units in a genome-wide fashion is still not solved for prokaryotic systems.
Results: We present RNASEG, an algorithm for the prediction of transcriptional units based on dRNA-seq data. A key feature of the algorithm is that, based on the data, it distinguishes between transcribed and un-transcribed genomic segments. Furthermore, the program provides many different predictions in a single run, which can be used to infer the significance of transcriptional units in a consensus procedure. We show the performance of our method based on a well-studied dRNA-seq data set for Helicobacter pylori.
Conclusions: With our algorithm it is possible to identify operons and 5'- and 3'-UTRs in an automated fashion. This alleviates the need for labour intensive manual inspection and enables large-scale studies in the area of comparative transcriptomics.
Background: Persistent pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy is a disabling condition with a lack of evidence-based pharmacological treatment options. This randomized placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy of a capsaicin 8% cutaneous patch in the treatment of severe persistent inguinal postherniorrhaphy pain. Methods: Forty-six patients with persistent inguinal postherniorrhaphy pain were randomized to receive either a capsaicin 8% patch or a placebo patch. Pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale [NRS 0-10]) was evaluated under standardized conditions (at rest, during movement, and during pressure) at baseline and at 1, 2 and 3 months after patch application. Skin punch biopsies for intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) measurements were taken at baseline and 1 month after patch application. Quantitative sensory testing was performed at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 months after patch application. The primary outcome was comparisons of summed pain intensity differences (SPIDs) between capsaicin and placebo treatments at 1, 2 and 3 months after patch application (significance level P<0.01). Results: The maximum difference in SPID, between capsaicin and placebo treatments, was observed at 1 month after patch application, but the pain reduction was not significant (NRS, mean difference [95% CI]: 5.0 [0.09 to 9.9]; P=0.046). No differences in SPID between treatments were observed at 2 and 3 months after patch application. Changes in IENFD on the pain side, from baseline to 1 month after patch application, did not differ between capsaicin and placebo treatment: 1.9 [-0.1 to 3.9] and 0.6 [-1.2 to 2.5] fibers/mm, respectively (P=0.32). No significant changes in sensory function, sleep quality or psychological factors were associated with capsaicin patch treatment. Conclusions: The study did not demonstrate significant differences in pain relief between capsaicin and placebo treatment, although a trend toward pain improvement in capsaicin treated patients was observed 1 month after patch application.
Guidelines are increasingly determining the decision process in day-to-day clinical work. Guidelines describe the current best possible standard in diagnostics and therapy. They should be developed by an international panel of experts, whereby alongside individual experience, above all, the results of comparative studies are decisive. According to the results of high-ranking scientific studies published in peer-reviewed journals, statements and recommendations are formulated, and these are graded strictly according to the criteria of evidence-based medicine. Guidelines can therefore be valuable in helping particularly the young surgeon in his or her day-to-day work to find the best decision for the patient when confronted with a wide and confusing range of options. However, even experienced surgeons benefit because by virtue of a heavy workload and commitment, they often find it difficult to keep up with the ever-increasing published literature. All guidelines require regular updating, usually every 3 years, in line with progress in the field. The current Guidelines focus on technique and perioperative management of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair and constitute the first comprehensive guidelines on this topic. In this issue of Surgical Endoscopy, the first part of the Guidelines is published including sections on basics, indication for surgery, perioperative management, and key points of technique. The next part (Part 2) of the Guidelines will address complications and comparisons between open and laparoscopic techniques. Part 3 will cover mesh technology, hernia prophylaxis, technique-related issues, new technologic developments, lumbar and other unusual hernias, and training/education.
Guidelines are increasingly determining the decision process in day-to-day clinical work. Guidelines describe the current best possible standard in diagnostics and therapy. They should be developed by an international panel of experts, whereby alongside individual experience, above all, the results of comparative studies are decisive. According to the results of high-ranking scientific studies published in peer-reviewed journals, statements and recommendations are formulated, and these are graded strictly according to the criteria of evidence-based medicine. Guidelines can therefore be valuable in helping particularly the young surgeon in his or her day-to-day work to find the best decision for the patient when confronted with a wide and confusing range of options. However, even experienced surgeons benefit because by virtue of a heavy workload and commitment, they often find it difficult to keep up with the ever-increasing published literature. All guidelines require regular updating, usually every 3 years, in line with progress in the field. The current Guidelines focus on technique and perioperative management of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair and constitute the first comprehensive guidelines on this topic. In this issue of Surgical Endoscopy, the first part of the Guidelines is published including sections on basics, indication for surgery, perioperative management, and key points of technique. The next part (Part 2) of the Guidelines will address complications and comparisons between open and laparoscopic techniques. Part 3 will cover mesh technology, hernia prophylaxis, technique-related issues, new technologic developments, lumbar and other unusual hernias, and training/education.
Guidelines are increasingly determining the decision process in day-to-day clinical work. Guidelines describe the current best possible standard in diagnostics and therapy. They should be developed by an international panel of experts, whereby alongside individual experience, above all, the results of comparative studies are decisive. According to the results of high-ranking scientific studies published in peer-reviewed journals, statements and recommendations are formulated, and these are graded strictly according to the criteria of evidence-based medicine. Guidelines can therefore be valuable in helping particularly the young surgeon in his or her day-to-day work to find the best decision for the patient when confronted with a wide and confusing range of options. However, even experienced surgeons benefit because by virtue of a heavy workload and commitment, they often find it difficult to keep up with the ever-increasing published literature. All guidelines require regular updating, usually every 3 years, in line with progress in the field. The current Guidelines focus on technique and perioperative management of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair and constitute the first comprehensive guidelines on this topic. In this issue of Surgical Endoscopy, the first part of the Guidelines is published including sections on basics, indication for surgery, perioperative management, and key points of technique. The next part (Part 2) of the Guidelines will address complications and comparisons between open and laparoscopic techniques. Part 3 will cover mesh technology, hernia prophylaxis, technique-related issues, new technologic developments, lumbar and other unusual hernias, and training/education.
Synapsins are conserved synapse-associated hosphoproteins involved in the fine regulation of neurotransmitter release. The aim of the present project is to study the phosphorylation of synapsins and the distribution of phospho-synapsin in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster.
Three antibodies served as important tools in this work, a monoclonal antibody (3C11/α-Syn) that recognizes all known synapsin isoforms and two antisera against phosphorylated synapsin peptides (antiserum PSyn(S6) against phospho-serine 6 and antiserum PSyn(S464) against phospho-serine 464). These antisera were recently generated in collaboration with Bertram Gerber and Eurogentec. ...