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Solvent Induced Helix Folding of Defined Indolenine Squaraine Oligomers (2021)
Turkin, Arthur ; Holzapfel, Marco ; Agarwal, Mohit ; Fischermeier, David ; Mitric, Roland ; Schweins, Ralf ; Gröhns, Franziska ; Lambert, Christoph
A protecting group strategy was employed to synthesise a series of indolenine squaraine dye oligomers up to the nonamer. The longer oligomers show a distinct solvent dependence of the absorption spectra, that is, either a strong blue shift or a strong red shift of the lowest energy bands in the near infrared spectral region. This behaviour is explained by exciton coupling theory as being due to H- or J-type coupling of transition moments. The H-type coupling is a consequence of a helix folding in solvents with a small Hansen dispersity index. DOSY NMR, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), quantum chemical and force field calculations agree upon a helix structure with an unusually large pitch and open voids that are filled with solvent molecules, thereby forming a kind of clathrate. The thermodynamic parameters of the folding process were determined by temperature dependent optical absorption spectra.
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