Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (4)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (4)
Document Type
- Journal article (3)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Keywords
- E2F3 (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Mikrosatellit (1)
- Mikrosatelliteninstabilität (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- association (1)
- brain (1)
- cancer (1)
- children (1)
- correlate (1)
Institute
EU-Project number / Contract (GA) number
- 018696 (1)
Das Gen E2F3 und seine Produkte sind essentiell für die Regulation des Zellzyklus. Eine E2F3-Überexpression wurde bereits in diversen anderen Tumorentitäten nachgewiesen, u.a. in Wilms-Tumoren (Kort et al., 2008), Blasenkrebs (Feber et al., 2004; Oeggerli et al., 2004), Ovarialkarzinomen (Smith et al., 2012; Reimer et al., 2011), malignen Melanomen (Noguchi et al., 2012), sowie Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Lunge (Cooper et al., 2006).
In dieser Arbeit wurden 19 mikrosatelliteninstabile kolorektale Karzinome mittels Immunhistochemie auf ihre E2F3 Expression im Vergleich zur autologen Normalschleimhaut untersucht. 57,9% der untersuchten Karzinome zeigen eine der Positivkontrolle (autologe Normalmukosa) entsprechende Intensität der Färbung. 36,8% der angefärbten Karzinome färbten sich schwächer an als die entsprechende Positivkontrolle. Nur 5,3% der Karzinome zeigte eine stärkere Anfärbung als die zugehörige Positivkontrolle. Diese Beobachtungen lassen den Schluss zu, dass das Gen E2F3 für mikrosatelliteninstabile kolorektale Karzinome kein relevantes Onkogen darstellt.
Im Rahmen des Cancer Genome Project konnten verschiedene Gene aus der Region 6pter-p22.2 identifiziert werden, die in mikrosatelliteninstabilen kolorektalen Karzinomen mutiert vorkommen. Die größte Schnittmenge konnte bei den Genen DSP (Desmoplakin) mit n=13, JARID2 (Jomunji, AT rich interactive domain 2) mit n=10! und bei ATXN1 (Ataxin1) mit n=10 ermittelt werden. Diese Gene sollten nun auf ihre Beteiligung an kolorektalen Karzinomen hin analysiert werden, beispielsweise durch Messungen der mRNA Spiegel der Genprodukte, um die Expression der jeweiligen Genprodukte im Tumorgewebe zu objektivieren sowie beispielsweise über eine Exon- Sequenzanalyse der betroffenen Abschnitte, um die Alterationen im Genom mikrosatelliteninstabiler kolorektaler Karzinome zu quantifizieren.
The ability to perform mathematical tasks is required in everyday life. Although heritability estimates suggest a genetic contribution, no previous study has conclusively identified a genetic risk variant for mathematical performance. Research has shown that the prevalence of mathematical disabilities is increased in children with dyslexia. We therefore correlated genome-wide data of 200 German children with spelling disability, with available quantitative data on mathematic ability. Replication of the top findings in additional dyslexia samples revealed that rs133885 was a genome-wide significant marker for mathematical abilities\((P_{comb}=7.71 x 10^{-10}, n=699)\), with an effect size of 4.87%. This association was also found in a sample from the general population (P=0.048, n=1080), albeit with a lower effect size. The identified variant encodes an amino-acid substitution in MYO18B, a protein with as yet unknown functions in the brain. As areas of the parietal cortex, in particular the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), are involved in numerical processing in humans, we investigated whether rs133885 was associated with IPS morphology using structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 79 neuropsychiatrically healthy adults. Carriers of the MYO18B risk-genotype displayed a significantly lower depth of the right IPS. This validates the identified association between rs133885 and mathematical disability at the level of a specific intermediate phenotype.
Deadwood provides a variety of habitats for saproxylic beetles. Whereas the understanding of the drivers promoting saproxylic beetle diversity has improved, the process of deadwood colonisation and beetle's potential to trace resources is poorly understood. However, the mechanisms facilitating deadwood detection by saproxylic beetles appears to be essential for survival, as deadwood is usually scattered in time and space.
To investigate whether saproxylic beetles distinguish before their arrival on potential hosts between alive trees and deadwood (lying, stumps, standing), deadwood arrangement (aggregated, distributed) and different heights on standing resources (bottom = 0.5 m, middle = 4–5 m, top = 7.30–11.60 m), we sampled saproxylic beetles with sticky traps in a deadwood experiment.
We found on average 67% higher abundance, 100% higher species numbers and 50–130% higher species diversity of colonising saproxylic beetles consistently for all deadwood types compared to alive trees with a distinct community composition on lying deadwood compared to the other resource types. Aggregated deadwood arrangement, which is associated with higher sun‐exposure, had a positive effect on species richness. The abundance, species number and diversity, was significantly higher for standing deadwood and alive trees at the bottom section of tree trunks. In contrast to living trees, however, the vertical position had an additional effect on the community composition on standing deadwood.
Our results indicate that saproxylic beetles are attracted to potential deadwood habitats and actively select specific trunk sections before arriving on potential hosts. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of sun‐exposed resources for species richness in saproxylic beetles.
Background
Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious problem worldwide. We sought to record the acquisition of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in healthy infants in Northern Thailand and investigated potential determinants.
Methods
Stool samples from 142 infants after birth, at ages 2wk, 2mo, 4 to 6mo, and 1y, and parent stool samples were screened for E. coli resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, and cefazoline by culture, and isolates were further investigated for multiresistance by disc diffusion method. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to identify persistent and transmitted strains. Genetic comparison of resistant and transmitted strains was done by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and strains were further investigated for extra- and intra-intestinal virulence factors by multiplex PCR.
Results
Forty-seven (33%) neonatal meconium samples contained resistant E. coli. Prevalence increased continuously: After 1y, resistance proportion (tetracycline 80%, ampicillin 72%, co-trimoxazole 66%, cefazoline 35%) almost matched those in parents. In 8 infants (6%), identical E. coli strains were found in at least 3 sampling time points (suggesting persistence). Transmission of resistant E. coli from parents to child was observed in only 8 families. MLST showed high diversity. We could not identify any virulence genes or factors associated with persistence, or transmission of resistant E. coli. Full-term, vaginal birth and birth in rural hospital were identified as risk factors for early childhood colonization with resistant E. coli.
Conclusion
One third of healthy Thai neonates harboured antibiotic-resistant E. coli in meconium. The proportion of resistant E. coli increased during the first year of life almost reaching the value in adults. We hypothesize that enhancement of infection control measures and cautious use of antibiotics may help to control further increase of resistance.