Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (4)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (4) (remove)
Document Type
- Journal article (3)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Keywords
- 5-HTT knockout mice (1)
- Aequorin (1)
- CVID (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Graves disease (1)
- Herz (1)
- Ischämie (1)
- Kreatin Kinase (1)
- Maus (1)
- adolescence (1)
Institute
EU-Project number / Contract (GA) number
- 602805 (1)
Anxiety and aggression are part of the behavioral repertoire of humans and animals. However, in their exaggerated form both can become maladaptive and result in psychiatric disorders. On the one hand, genetic predisposition has been shown to play a crucial modulatory role in anxiety and aggression. On the other hand, social experiences have been implicated in the modulation of these traits. However, so far, mainly experiences in early life phases have been considered crucial for shaping anxiety-like and aggressive behavior, while the phase of adolescence has largely been neglected. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate how levels of anxiety-like and aggressive behavior are shaped by social experiences during adolescence and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genotype. For this purpose, male mice of a 5-HTT knockout mouse model including all three genotypes (wildtype, heterozygous and homozygous 5-HTT knockout mice) were either exposed to an adverse social situation or a beneficial social environment during adolescence. This was accomplished in a custom-made cage system where mice experiencing the adverse environment were repeatedly introduced to the territory of a dominant opponent but had the possibility to escape to a refuge cage. Mice encountering beneficial social conditions had free access to a female mating partner. Afterwards, anxiety-like and aggressive behavior was assessed in a battery of tests. Surprisingly, unfavorable conditions during adolescence led to a decrease in anxiety-like behavior and an increase in exploratory locomotion. Additionally, aggressive behavior was augmented in animals that experienced social adversity. Concerning genotype, homozygous 5-HTT knockout mice were more anxious and less aggressive than heterozygous 5-HTT knockout and wildtype mice. In summary, adolescence is clearly an important phase in which anxiety-like and aggressive behavior can be shaped. Furthermore, it seems that having to cope with challenge during adolescence instead of experiencing throughout beneficial social conditions leads to reduced levels of anxiety-like behavior.
Association of Autoimmune Addison's Disease with Alleles of STAT4 and GATA3 in European Cohorts
(2014)
Background: Gene variants known to contribute to Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) susceptibility include those at the MHC, MICA, CIITA, CTLA4, PTPN22, CYP27B1, NLRP-1 and CD274 loci. The majority of the genetic component to disease susceptibility has yet to be accounted for.
Aim: To investigate the role of 19 candidate genes in AAD susceptibility in six European case-control cohorts.
Methods: A sequential association study design was employed with genotyping using Sequenom iPlex technology. In phase one, 85 SNPs in 19 genes were genotyped in UK and Norwegian AAD cohorts (691 AAD, 715 controls). In phase two, 21 SNPs in 11 genes were genotyped in German, Swedish, Italian and Polish cohorts (1264 AAD, 1221 controls). In phase three, to explore association of GATA3 polymorphisms with AAD and to determine if this association extended to other autoimmune conditions, 15 SNPs in GATA3 were studied in UK and Norwegian AAD cohorts, 1195 type 1 diabetes patients from Norway, 650 rheumatoid arthritis patients from New Zealand and in 283 UK Graves' disease patients. Meta-analysis was used to compare genotype frequencies between the participating centres, allowing for heterogeneity.
Results: We report significant association with alleles of two STAT4 markers in AAD cohorts (rs4274624: P = 0.00016; rs10931481: P = 0.0007). In addition, nominal association of AAD with alleles at GATA3 was found in 3 patient cohorts and supported by meta-analysis. Association of AAD with CYP27B1 alleles was also confirmed, which replicates previous published data. Finally, nominal association was found at SNPs in both the NF-kappa B1 and IL23A genes in the UK and Italian cohorts respectively.
Conclusions: Variants in the STAT4 gene, previously associated with other autoimmune conditions, confer susceptibility to AAD. Additionally, we report association of GATA3 variants with AAD: this adds to the recent report of association of GATA3 variants with rheumatoid arthritis.
Durch die Konzeption des Versuchsaufbaus und der Wahl der Komponenten konnte die aktuelle Arbeit an intakten isolierten Mäuseherzen zeigen, dass unter weitgehend physiologischen in-vitro-Bedingungen die Möglichkeit besteht, mit Hilfe des Biolumineszenzproteins Aequorin Messungen der intrazytoplasmatischen Ca2+- Konzentration während eines einzelnen Herzschlages mit einer Frequenz von 420 Schlägen pro Minute zu gewinnen und diese gleichzeitig in die linksventrikuläre Funktion integrieren zu können. Das wesentliche Ergebnis dieser Arbeit ist dabei, dass während moderater Arbeitsbelastung der Verlust eines effizienten CK-Systems transgener CK-defizienter- Herzen (CKM/Mito-/) hinsichtlich des intramyokardialem Calciumstoffwechsels und der linksventrikulären Funktion durch Adaptionsmechanismen offensichtlich gut kompensiert wird. Allerdings wird in Situationen des Ungleichgewichtes zwischen Energieversorgung und Energieverbrauch, ausgelöst durch Ischämie und anschließende Reperfusion, eine signifikante Verschlechterung der linksventrikulären Funktion und gleichzeitig der Ca2+-Homöostase sichtbar, was einen weiteren Beweis für die enge Beziehung zwischen myokardialer Energetik und des Ca2+-Haushaltes insbesondere in CK-defizienten Herzen unter metabolischem Stress darstellt. Schließlich zeigt die simultane Aufzeichnung des Ca2+-Signals und die Druckentwicklung des linken Ventrikels, dass es schon vor der Entwicklung der ischämischen Kontraktur zur intrazytoplasmatischen Veränderung der Ca2+-Homöostase kommt, die durch eine unzureichende Bereitstellung durch ATP ausgelöst wird und maßgeblich durch das Fehlen eines effizienten Energietransportsystem in Form der Kreatinkinase bedingt sein könnte.
This evidence‐based clinical guideline provides consensus‐recommendations for the treatment and care of patients with primary antibody deficiencies (PADs). The guideline group comprised 20 clinical and scientific expert associations of the German, Swiss, and Austrian healthcare system and representatives of patients. Recommendations were based on results of a systematic literature search, data extraction, and evaluation of methodology and study quality in combination with the clinical expertise of the respective representatives. Consensus‐based recommendations were determined via nominal group technique. PADs are the largest clinically relevant group of primary immunodeficiencies. Most patients with PADs present with increased susceptibility to infections, however immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, and cancer affect a significant number of patients and may precede infections. This guideline therefore covers interdisciplinary clinical and therapeutic aspects of infectious (e.g., antibiotic prophylaxis, management of bronchiectasis) and non‐infectious manifestations (e.g., management of granulomatous disease, immune cytopenia). PADs are grouped into disease entities with definitive, probable, possible, or unlikely benefit of IgG‐replacement therapy. Summary and consensus‐recommendations are provided for treatment indication, dosing, routes of administration, and adverse events of IgG‐replacement therapy. Special aspects of concomitant impaired T‐cell function are highlighted as well as clinical data on selected monogenetic inborn errors of immunity formerly classified into PADs (APDS, CTLA‐4‐, and LRBA‐deficiency).