610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (3972)
- Doctoral Thesis (3705)
- Conference Proceeding (33)
- Book article / Book chapter (18)
- Preprint (14)
- Review (9)
- Report (8)
- Book (7)
- Other (7)
- Master Thesis (2)
Language
- English (4296)
- German (3479)
- Multiple languages (1)
Keywords
- Toxikologie (119)
- Medizin (102)
- inflammation (89)
- apoptosis (66)
- depression (63)
- Herzinsuffizienz (58)
- cancer (57)
- COVID-19 (52)
- therapy (52)
- MRI (49)
- children (47)
- multiple myeloma (45)
- Neurobiologie (44)
- gene expression (44)
- Depression (43)
- HIV (43)
- Diabetes mellitus (42)
- Herzinfarkt (41)
- Lebensqualität (41)
- heart failure (41)
- cytokines (40)
- myocardial infarction (40)
- PET (39)
- breast cancer (39)
- Apoptosis (38)
- ADHD (37)
- Maus (36)
- expression (36)
- multiple sclerosis (36)
- oxidative stress (36)
- prostate cancer (36)
- Virologie (35)
- ischemic stroke (35)
- Schizophrenie (34)
- infection (34)
- stroke (34)
- Immunologie (33)
- T cells (33)
- Tissue Engineering (32)
- biomarker (32)
- quality of life (32)
- Chirurgie (31)
- NMR-Tomographie (31)
- SARS-CoV-2 (31)
- Strahlentherapie (30)
- melanoma (30)
- machine learning (29)
- magnetic resonance imaging (29)
- mice (29)
- Brustkrebs (28)
- Entzündung (28)
- Fabry disease (28)
- Neisseria meningitidis (28)
- Therapie (28)
- Zellkultur (28)
- immunotherapy (28)
- macrophages (28)
- prognosis (28)
- Schlaganfall (27)
- tissue engineering (27)
- Apoptose (26)
- DNA damage (26)
- Endothel (26)
- Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (26)
- Signaltransduktion (26)
- anxiety (26)
- mouse (26)
- positron emission tomography (26)
- B cells (25)
- CXCR4 (25)
- MRT (25)
- Multiple Sklerose (25)
- mortality (25)
- obesity (25)
- pain (25)
- platelets (25)
- radiotherapy (25)
- Arteriosklerose (24)
- Dendritische Zelle (24)
- Immuntherapie (24)
- Plasmozytom (24)
- Ratte (24)
- dendritic cells (24)
- heart (24)
- Aspergillus fumigatus (23)
- Rezidiv (23)
- Serotonin (23)
- chronic kidney disease (23)
- diagnosis (23)
- medicine (23)
- rat (23)
- schizophrenia (23)
- Kinder (22)
- Krebs <Medizin> (22)
- Melanom (22)
- Myokardinfarkt (22)
- T-Lymphozyt (22)
- genetics (22)
- in vitro (22)
- neuroinflammation (22)
- survival (22)
- 3D printing (21)
- Biomarker (21)
- Schmerz (21)
- adrenocortical carcinoma (21)
- brain (21)
- gene (21)
- immunohistochemistry (21)
- metabolism (21)
- neuropathic pain (21)
- regulatory T cells (21)
- signal transduction (21)
- stem cells (21)
- surgery (21)
- Adipositas (20)
- Blut-Hirn-Schranke (20)
- Escherichia coli (20)
- Zytokine (20)
- atherosclerosis (20)
- recurrence (20)
- DNA methylation (19)
- Fettsucht (19)
- Herz (19)
- Oxidativer Stress (19)
- Parkinson's disease (19)
- Parkinson’s disease (19)
- Proliferation (19)
- Tumor (19)
- bone (19)
- deep brain stimulation (19)
- hippocampus (19)
- microRNA (19)
- Candida albicans (18)
- Kernspintomografie (18)
- Multiples Myelom (18)
- Stickstoffmonoxid (18)
- Thrombozyt (18)
- aging (18)
- echocardiography (18)
- endothelial cells (18)
- human (18)
- ADHS (17)
- Angst (17)
- BDNF (17)
- Calcium (17)
- EEG (17)
- Glaukom (17)
- Immunsystem (17)
- Knochenzement (17)
- Makrophage (17)
- Palliativmedizin (17)
- Sprachentwicklung (17)
- Tiermodell (17)
- activation (17)
- blood (17)
- blood-brain barrier (17)
- deep learning (17)
- diabetes (17)
- identification (17)
- lymphoma (17)
- mouse model (17)
- osteoporosis (17)
- physical activity (17)
- proliferation (17)
- risk factors (17)
- serotonin (17)
- theranostics (17)
- Dickdarmkrebs (16)
- Expression (16)
- Genexpression (16)
- Germany (16)
- Inflammation (16)
- Polymorphismus (16)
- Staphylococcus aureus (16)
- blood pressure (16)
- chemotherapy (16)
- colorectal cancer (16)
- diabetes mellitus (16)
- epidemiology (16)
- follow-up (16)
- mitochondria (16)
- mouse models (16)
- outcome (16)
- pregnancy (16)
- sepsis (16)
- toxicity (16)
- treatment (16)
- 3D-Druck (15)
- Antikörper (15)
- Atherosklerose (15)
- Autoantikörper (15)
- Chemotherapie (15)
- EAE (15)
- Osteoporose (15)
- Parkinson-Krankheit (15)
- Plattenepithelcarcinom (15)
- disease (15)
- extracellular matrix (15)
- flow cytometry (15)
- immune response (15)
- ischemia (15)
- mental health (15)
- transplantation (15)
- Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Syndrom (14)
- Cancer (14)
- Fabry-Krankheit (14)
- Heart failure (14)
- Kollagen (14)
- Maligne Hyperthermie (14)
- PET/CT (14)
- Prostatakarzinom (14)
- Prostatakrebs (14)
- Remodeling (14)
- SPECT (14)
- Würzburg (14)
- angiogenesis (14)
- autophagy (14)
- calcium (14)
- classification (14)
- differentiation (14)
- escherichia coli (14)
- mesenchymal stem cells (14)
- miRNA (14)
- migration (14)
- monocytes (14)
- neuroprotection (14)
- prevalence (14)
- resistance (14)
- transcriptome (14)
- ARDS (13)
- Angiogenese (13)
- Cytokine (13)
- DNA (13)
- Elektrophysiologie (13)
- Glioblastom (13)
- HNSCC (13)
- Herzmuskel (13)
- Hippocampus (13)
- Immunsuppression (13)
- Kolonkarzinom (13)
- Mausmodell (13)
- Medicine (13)
- Merkel cell carcinoma (13)
- NFATc1 (13)
- Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (13)
- Pädiatrie (13)
- Rehabilitation (13)
- Screening (13)
- Stammzelle (13)
- TNF (13)
- Ultraschall (13)
- additive manufacturing (13)
- artificial intelligence (13)
- biomarkers (13)
- cardiomyopathy (13)
- exercise (13)
- fNIRS (13)
- fibrosis (13)
- genotoxicity (13)
- glaucoma (13)
- guidelines (13)
- hemodialysis (13)
- hypoxia (13)
- lymphocytes (13)
- metastasis (13)
- phosphorylation (13)
- preterm infants (13)
- protein (13)
- tumor (13)
- Autoimmunität (12)
- BMP (12)
- Bestrahlung (12)
- Chronische Herzinsuffizienz (12)
- Diabetes (12)
- Diagnostik (12)
- Dialyse (12)
- Entwicklung (12)
- Gehirn (12)
- Hämodialyse (12)
- Immunmodulation (12)
- Ischämie (12)
- Kind (12)
- Komposit (12)
- MRSA (12)
- Makrophagen (12)
- Niere (12)
- PSMA (12)
- Polyneuropathie (12)
- Prognose (12)
- Real time quantitative PCR (12)
- Risikofaktor (12)
- Rotatorenmanschette (12)
- Sepsis (12)
- T-Zellen (12)
- antibodies (12)
- autoantibodies (12)
- blood–brain barrier (12)
- cAMP (12)
- cell staining (12)
- cells (12)
- colorectal carcinoma (12)
- development (12)
- enzyme replacement therapy (12)
- glioblastoma (12)
- imaging (12)
- kidney (12)
- micronuclei (12)
- neurodegeneration (12)
- nitric oxide (12)
- prediction (12)
- receptor (12)
- rehabilitation (12)
- transcription factors (12)
- virulence (12)
- vitamin D (12)
- Überleben (12)
- DNA repair (11)
- Elektroencephalogramm (11)
- Genetik (11)
- Herzhypertrophie (11)
- Immunbiologie (11)
- Infektion (11)
- Insulin (11)
- Komplikationen (11)
- Koronare Herzkrankheit (11)
- Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumenspalte (11)
- MSC (11)
- MYC (11)
- NK cells (11)
- Onkologie (11)
- Osteoinduktion (11)
- PRRT (11)
- Rheumatoide Arthritis (11)
- Schultergelenk (11)
- Schwangerschaft (11)
- Stammzelltransplantation (11)
- TRAIL (11)
- Transkriptionsfaktor (11)
- Transplantation (11)
- Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor <alpha> (11)
- active zone (11)
- adolescents (11)
- age (11)
- asthma (11)
- autoimmunity (11)
- bipolar disorder (11)
- cartilage (11)
- cell death (11)
- cochlear implant (11)
- complications (11)
- dementia (11)
- endothelium (11)
- epigenetics (11)
- evolution (11)
- head and neck cancer (11)
- hypertension (11)
- immunosuppression (11)
- mRNA (11)
- malignant hyperthermia (11)
- miRNS (11)
- neurology (11)
- neutrophils (11)
- oncology (11)
- p53 (11)
- pancreatic cancer (11)
- prefrontal cortex (11)
- prevention (11)
- relapse (11)
- rheumatoid arthritis (11)
- safety (11)
- stress (11)
- therapeutic drug monitoring (11)
- tinnitus (11)
- total knee arthroplasty (11)
- trabeculectomy (11)
- tumor microenvironment (11)
- Anorexia nervosa (10)
- Aspergillus (10)
- BERA (10)
- Biologie (10)
- Candida (10)
- Chemokine (10)
- Chronische Niereninsuffizienz (10)
- Colonkrebs (10)
- Comet Assay (10)
- HIV-Infektion (10)
- HSM-Satztest (10)
- Herzfrequenzvariabilität (10)
- Hypertonie (10)
- Immunhistochemie (10)
- Knochenersatz (10)
- LASP1 (10)
- NIRS (10)
- Nebenniere (10)
- Osteoarthritis (10)
- Polytrauma (10)
- Radiotherapy (10)
- Reperfusion (10)
- Risikofaktoren (10)
- Simulation (10)
- T-cells (10)
- Transplantat-Wirt-Reaktion (10)
- Wundheilung (10)
- atrial fibrillation (10)
- biofabrication (10)
- case report (10)
- chemokines (10)
- cytokine (10)
- dopamine (10)
- dosimetry (10)
- eNOS (10)
- fracture (10)
- glycine receptor (10)
- in-vitro (10)
- inhibition (10)
- lung cancer (10)
- management (10)
- melt electrowriting (10)
- microglia (10)
- molecular imaging (10)
- neuroendocrine tumor (10)
- osteoarthritis (10)
- periodontitis (10)
- polymorphism (10)
- proteins (10)
- psychiatric disorders (10)
- rats (10)
- systematic review (10)
- thrombosis (10)
- ultrasound (10)
- vertigo (10)
- AIDS (9)
- Activation (9)
- Adenosine receptors (9)
- Adenosinrezeptor (9)
- Aortenstenose (9)
- Arbeitsgedächtnis (9)
- Atherosclerosis (9)
- B-Zell-Lymphom (9)
- Biomechanik (9)
- Butyrat (9)
- Calciumphosphat (9)
- Children (9)
- Cochlear-Implantat (9)
- Computertomographie (9)
- DNS-Reparatur (9)
- Durchflusscytometrie (9)
- Echokardiographie (9)
- Fibrose (9)
- Fragebogen (9)
- Immuncytochemie (9)
- Immunreaktion (9)
- Implantat (9)
- Inhibition (9)
- MS (9)
- Magnetresonanztomographie (9)
- Masernvirus (9)
- Mikrokerne (9)
- Mutagenität (9)
- Myc (9)
- NAFLD (9)
- NFAT (9)
- NIR-Spektroskopie (9)
- Nierentransplantation (9)
- PD-L1 (9)
- Parodontitis (9)
- Prävention (9)
- Rezeptor (9)
- Rituximab (9)
- SNP (9)
- Schilddrüse (9)
- Schizophrenia (9)
- Schlafapnoe (9)
- Schwindel (9)
- Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (9)
- Sprachverstehen (9)
- Sterblichkeit (9)
- Stress (9)
- VASP (9)
- VEGF (9)
- Zellzyklus (9)
- allergy (9)
- animal model (9)
- antibody (9)
- association (9)
- bacteria (9)
- cardiac hypertrophy (9)
- cerebrospinal fluid (9)
- chronic heart failure (9)
- cognitive impairment (9)
- collagen (9)
- coronary artery disease (9)
- cytotoxic T cells (9)
- cytotoxicity (9)
- diet (9)
- epithelial cells (9)
- glioblastoma multiforme (9)
- glioma (9)
- humans (9)
- immunology (9)
- immunomodulation (9)
- in vivo (9)
- incidence (9)
- innate immunity (9)
- insulin (9)
- knockout (9)
- liver (9)
- mechanisms (9)
- messenger RNA (9)
- mutation (9)
- mutations (9)
- neurons (9)
- neuropathy (9)
- ovarian cancer (9)
- platelet (9)
- prognostic factors (9)
- reactive oxygen species (9)
- rectal cancer (9)
- remodeling (9)
- risk (9)
- tight junctions (9)
- traumatic brain injury (9)
- working memory (9)
- Allergie (8)
- Alter (8)
- Alzheimer’s disease (8)
- Angiotensin II (8)
- Arthroskopie (8)
- BMP-2 (8)
- Blutdruck (8)
- CRISPR/Cas-Methode (8)
- DLBCL (8)
- DNS-Schädigung (8)
- Differenzierung (8)
- Epidemiologie (8)
- Ernährung (8)
- Frühgeborene (8)
- Genotoxicity (8)
- Herzchirurgie (8)
- Herzmuskelkrankheit (8)
- Hirntumor (8)
- Immunotherapy (8)
- In vitro (8)
- Kieferorthopädie (8)
- Kinderheilkunde (8)
- Kolorektales Karzinom (8)
- Langerhans-Inseln (8)
- Lymphozyt (8)
- Medulloblastom (8)
- Molekulargenetik (8)
- Morbus Fabry (8)
- Mutation (8)
- Neuropathie (8)
- Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom (8)
- PCR (8)
- Pankreaskarzinom (8)
- Parathormon (8)
- Parkinson (8)
- Perfusion (8)
- Pharmakologie (8)
- Plattenepithelkarzinom (8)
- Psychiatrie (8)
- Quantifizierung (8)
- ROS (8)
- Sarkoidose (8)
- Spinale Muskelatrophie (8)
- Sprachaudiometrie (8)
- Stickstoffmonoxid-Synthase (8)
- Survival (8)
- Säugling (8)
- Tanzania (8)
- Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring (8)
- Trabekulektomie (8)
- Transplantat (8)
- Transthorakale Echokardiographie (8)
- Vitamin D (8)
- Zelldifferenzierung (8)
- Zellmigration (8)
- actin (8)
- adhesion (8)
- antibiotics (8)
- binding (8)
- chronic pain (8)
- clinical trial (8)
- coagulation (8)
- cortisol (8)
- cytoskeleton (8)
- dendritic cell (8)
- dystonia (8)
- efficacy (8)
- fear conditioning (8)
- heart rate (8)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (8)
- injury (8)
- kinematic alignment (8)
- measles virus (8)
- model (8)
- myocardium (8)
- nanoparticles (8)
- nervous system (8)
- nutrition (8)
- primary care (8)
- psoriasis (8)
- radioligand therapy (8)
- randomized controlled trial (8)
- reliability (8)
- shoulder (8)
- stem cell transplantation (8)
- subthalamic nucleus (8)
- transcription (8)
- translation (8)
- tumors (8)
- type 2 diabetes (8)
- ubiquitin (8)
- Östrogene (8)
- 3D (7)
- Actin (7)
- Aldosteron (7)
- Aspergillose (7)
- Asthma (7)
- Audiometrie (7)
- Aufmerksamkeit (7)
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (7)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (7)
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth (7)
- DHEA (7)
- Demenz (7)
- Drosophila (7)
- Dysgnathie (7)
- ELISA (7)
- Epigenetik (7)
- Ereigniskorreliertes Potenzial (7)
- FISH (7)
- Fanconi-Anämie (7)
- Genotoxizität (7)
- Genregulation (7)
- Geriatrie (7)
- Guanylatcyclase (7)
- Haut (7)
- Hernie (7)
- Hüftgelenk (7)
- Immunology (7)
- Impfung (7)
- Interferon (7)
- Kardiologie (7)
- Kephalometrie (7)
- Kernspintomographie (7)
- Kniegelenk (7)
- Knochenersatzmaterial (7)
- Knockout <Molekulargenetik> (7)
- Komplikation (7)
- Komposit <Zahnmedizin> (7)
- Kontrastmittel (7)
- LPS (7)
- Lunge (7)
- Lungenfibrose (7)
- Lymphom (7)
- MAP-Kinase (7)
- Magnesiumphosphate (7)
- Mesenchymale Stammzellen (7)
- Methylphenidat (7)
- Migration (7)
- Mikrokerntest (7)
- Model (7)
- Monozyt (7)
- Mortalität (7)
- Motoneuron (7)
- Mukoviszidose (7)
- Myokarditis (7)
- NO (7)
- Nachsorge (7)
- Natürliche Killerzelle (7)
- Nebennierenrindenkarzinom (7)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (7)
- Neurodegeneration (7)
- Neurootologie (7)
- Neuropathischer Schmerz (7)
- Niereninsuffizienz (7)
- Notfallmedizin (7)
- Nuklearmedizin (7)
- Operation (7)
- Osteosynthese (7)
- P300 (7)
- PD-1 (7)
- Pain (7)
- Persönlichkeit (7)
- Prevalence (7)
- Propofol (7)
- Psychoonkologie (7)
- Quality of life (7)
- RNA (7)
- RNA-seq (7)
- Rekonstruktion (7)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (7)
- Schmerzforschung (7)
- Schmerztherapie (7)
- Schulter (7)
- Spiroergometrie (7)
- Stent (7)
- Störlärm (7)
- Tansania (7)
- Thymus (7)
- Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor (7)
- Ultraschalldiagnostik (7)
- Vasodilatator-stimuliertes Phosphoprotein (7)
- acute kidney injury (7)
- adolescence (7)
- ageing (7)
- allogeneic stem cell transplantation (7)
- antimicrobial resistance (7)
- astrocytes (7)
- biocompatibility (7)
- bladder cancer (7)
- bone cement (7)
- bone regeneration (7)
- butyrate (7)
- cGMP (7)
- cancer therapy (7)
- cardiovascular disease (7)
- cell culture (7)
- central nervous system (7)
- cerebellum (7)
- chemokine receptor (7)
- comparison (7)
- complex (7)
- coronary heart disease (7)
- fatigue (7)
- fibromyalgia syndrome (7)
- gender (7)
- gene regulation (7)
- gene therapy (7)
- gephyrin (7)
- glucocorticoid receptor (7)
- growth (7)
- hearing (7)
- hyaluronic acid (7)
- hypophosphatasia (7)
- immune evasion (7)
- in vivo imaging (7)
- in-vivo (7)
- interferon (7)
- leukemia (7)
- lymph nodes (7)
- major depression (7)
- mass spectrometry (7)
- mechanotransduction (7)
- medulloblastoma (7)
- melt electrospinning writing (7)
- meningitis (7)
- metaanalysis (7)
- methionine (7)
- microbiology (7)
- molecular biology (7)
- mri (7)
- myocarditis (7)
- organoids (7)
- oxidativer Stress (7)
- panic disorder (7)
- pathogens (7)
- pediatrics (7)
- peripheral nervous system (7)
- personalized medicine (7)
- plasticity (7)
- precision medicine (7)
- quality assurance (7)
- questionnaire (7)
- radioiodine therapy (7)
- reperfusion (7)
- secondary prevention (7)
- skin biopsy (7)
- speech audiometry (7)
- sphingolipids (7)
- spinal muscular atrophy (7)
- tDCS (7)
- translational research (7)
- vestibular schwannoma (7)
- zebrafish (7)
- 53BP1 (6)
- ACC (6)
- Akt (6)
- Altern (6)
- Alzheimer disease (6)
- Alzheimer's disease (6)
- Antibiotikum (6)
- Anxiety (6)
- Anästhesie (6)
- Aortenklappenersatz (6)
- Arthrose (6)
- Asymmetrie (6)
- B-Zelle (6)
- Bauchspeicheldrüse (6)
- Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs (6)
- Biofilm (6)
- Biokompatibilität (6)
- Blutstammzelle (6)
- Bordetella pertussis (6)
- C-reactive protein (6)
- CML (6)
- CT (6)
- Candida auris (6)
- Carcinogen (6)
- Catecholmethyltransferase <Catechol-0-Methyltransferase> (6)
- DNA binding (6)
- Dehydroepiandrosteron (6)
- Depressivität (6)
- Diagnose (6)
- ERN (6)
- ERP (6)
- Echinococcus (6)
- Eierstockkrebs (6)
- Elektrokardiogramm (6)
- Endodontie (6)
- Epithel (6)
- Erbrechen (6)
- Extrazelluläre Matrix (6)
- Fibromyalgie (6)
- Fluoreszenz (6)
- Fraktur (6)
- GPCR (6)
- Gelenkknorpel (6)
- Glucocorticosteroide (6)
- HAART (6)
- HGF (6)
- Harnwegsinfektion (6)
- Hautbiopsie (6)
- Hepatitis C (6)
- Hepatozyten-Wachstumsfaktor (6)
- Histologie (6)
- Hypertrophie (6)
- Hypophosphatasie (6)
- Hörgerät (6)
- Hüftgelenkprothese (6)
- Immunantwort (6)
- Immunfluoreszenz (6)
- KHK (6)
- Kardiomyopathie (6)
- Kiefergelenk (6)
- Knieprothese (6)
- Knochen (6)
- Knochen-Morphogenese-Proteine (6)
- Knochenregeneration (6)
- Knockout (6)
- Knorpel (6)
- Körperliche Aktivität (6)
- LOH (6)
- Langzeitergebnisse (6)
- Leonhard classification (6)
- Leonhard-Klassifikation (6)
- Macrophage (6)
- Malaria (6)
- Mammakarzinom (6)
- Masern (6)
- Meningokokken (6)
- Methylierung (6)
- Mice (6)
- Monoklonaler Antikörper (6)
- Mundschleimhaut (6)
- Myocardial infarction (6)
- NLRP3 (6)
- Nebennierenrindenkrebs (6)
- Neugeborene (6)
- Neurogenese (6)
- Neuromonitoring (6)
- Nierenfunktion (6)
- Outcome (6)
- PONV (6)
- Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (6)
- Prothetik (6)
- Präfrontaler Cortex (6)
- Psychotherapie (6)
- Pulmonale Hypertonie (6)
- Qualitätssicherung (6)
- RNS-Interferenz (6)
- RT-PCR (6)
- Revision (6)
- SSTR (6)
- Schilddrüsenkrebs (6)
- Sprachentwicklungsstörung (6)
- Sprachtest (6)
- Stammzellen (6)
- Stroke (6)
- Struvit (6)
- T cell (6)
- TDM (6)
- TNF-alpha (6)
- TWEAK (6)
- Tinnitus (6)
- Toxizität (6)
- Toxoplasma gondii (6)
- Training (6)
- Transcription (6)
- Trauma (6)
- Troponin (6)
- Tumorantigen (6)
- Vagus (6)
- Zahnmedizin (6)
- Zelladhäsion (6)
- acute ischemic stroke (6)
- acute myeloid leukemia (6)
- adherence (6)
- adult neurogenesis (6)
- adults (6)
- amygdala (6)
- anemia (6)
- antibiotic resistance (6)
- arthroscopy (6)
- aspergillosis (6)
- astrocytoma (6)
- bariatric surgery (6)
- behavior (6)
- bioprinting (6)
- biopsy (6)
- blood brain barrier (6)
- blood flow (6)
- bone marrow (6)
- bone mineral density (6)
- caffeine (6)
- cancer treatment (6)
- carcinoma (6)
- cardiovascular diseases (6)
- catecholamines (6)
- cell adhesion (6)
- cell migration (6)
- cell wall (6)
- cement (6)
- childhood (6)
- cleft lip and palate (6)
- comet assay (6)
- comorbidity (6)
- coping (6)
- cystic fibrosis (6)
- dendritische Zellen (6)
- dental education (6)
- diagnostics (6)
- dialysis (6)
- domain (6)
- endovascular (6)
- event-related potentials (6)
- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (6)
- fungal infection (6)
- glucose (6)
- glycoprotein VI (6)
- health-related quality of life (6)
- hip (6)
- immunofluorescence (6)
- implant (6)
- infarction (6)
- infections (6)
- inhibitor (6)
- integrins (6)
- intraocular pressure (6)
- invasion (6)
- juvenile idiopathic arthritis (6)
- knee (6)
- kolorektales Karzinom (6)
- latency (6)
- lung (6)
- lung fibrosis (6)
- mHealth (6)
- macrophage (6)
- measles (6)
- mechanical thrombectomy (6)
- medical education (6)
- megakaryocytes (6)
- mesenchymale Stammzellen (6)
- meta-analysis (6)
- microdialysis (6)
- microenvironment (6)
- monoclonal antibodies (6)
- monoklonale Antikörper (6)
- movement disorders (6)
- myelin (6)
- myeloma (6)
- neurodevelopment (6)
- neurogenesis (6)
- neuroscience (6)
- neurotrophins (6)
- next generation sequencing (6)
- noise (6)
- nuclear medicine (6)
- osteoinduction (6)
- pancreas (6)
- pathogenesis (6)
- pathway (6)
- pemphigus (6)
- perfusion (6)
- personality (6)
- pharmacokinetics (6)
- phenotype (6)
- platelet activation (6)
- polycaprolactone (6)
- polyneuropathy (6)
- preconditioning (6)
- progression (6)
- prospective (6)
- proteomics (6)
- quantification (6)
- radiosensitivity (6)
- reconstruction (6)
- regenerative medicine (6)
- regulation (6)
- retinal pigment epithelium (6)
- review (6)
- screening (6)
- senescence (6)
- sensitivity (6)
- serotonin transporter (6)
- shear stress (6)
- simulation (6)
- small fiber neuropathy (6)
- spectral karyotyping (6)
- survey (6)
- susceptibility (6)
- synaptic plasticity (6)
- target (6)
- targeted therapy (6)
- thymus (6)
- thyroid cancer (6)
- transcriptomics (6)
- translocation (6)
- tumor necrosis factor (6)
- vaccination (6)
- validation (6)
- viral infection (6)
- volatile anesthetics (6)
- wound healing (6)
- Überlebenszeit (6)
- 18F-FDG (5)
- 3D-Pulverdruck (5)
- 5-HTTLPR (5)
- ACE-Hemmer (5)
- Adenokarzinom (5)
- Adenosin (5)
- Adhärenz (5)
- Adulte Stammzelle (5)
- Aktin (5)
- Akustikustumor (5)
- Akute myeloische Leukämie (5)
- Alzheimer-Krankheit (5)
- Angststörung (5)
- Antibiotika (5)
- Anämie (5)
- Aortenaneurysma (5)
- Aortenklappenstenose (5)
- Assoziationsstudie (5)
- Augmentation (5)
- Autoimmunity (5)
- Autophagie (5)
- B cell (5)
- B-Lymphozyt (5)
- Bakterielle Infektion (5)
- Bakterien (5)
- Behandlung (5)
- Biographie (5)
- Biomaterial (5)
- Biopsie (5)
- Bruxismus (5)
- CD28 (5)
- CEACAM1 (5)
- CMV (5)
- COMT (5)
- COPD (5)
- CVID (5)
- Cadherine (5)
- Calciumphosphate (5)
- Chronisch thromboembolische pulmonale Hypertonie (5)
- Cisplatin (5)
- Cochlea (5)
- Computertomografie (5)
- Cyclo-AMP (5)
- Cytokines (5)
- DNS-Doppelstrangbruch (5)
- Dendritische Zellen (5)
- Desfluran (5)
- Durchblutung (5)
- Durchflusszytometrie (5)
- Dystonie (5)
- Dünndarm (5)
- EGFR (5)
- EKP (5)
- ERK1/2 (5)
- Endoprothetik (5)
- Endothelzelle (5)
- Erwachsener (5)
- Evaluation (5)
- FGFR (5)
- Fanconi Anämie (5)
- Fibroblast (5)
- Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (5)
- Furcht (5)
- GABA (5)
- Gefäßprothese (5)
- Genmutation (5)
- Gentoxizität (5)
- Gewebedoppler (5)
- Glioblastoma (5)
- Gliom (5)
- Glutamattransporter (5)
- GvHD (5)
- HBMEC (5)
- HLA-G (5)
- HUVEC (5)
- Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Tumor (5)
- Heart (5)
- Helicobacter pylori (5)
- Hepatitis B (5)
- Herzkatheter (5)
- Hyaliner Knorpel (5)
- Hydrogel (5)
- Hydroxylapatit (5)
- Hypertension (5)
- Hypothalamus (5)
- Hörscreening (5)
- ICD-10 (5)
- Immun-Checkpoint (5)
- Immunglobuline (5)
- Immunobiologie (5)
- Impulsivität (5)
- Inhibitor (5)
- Integrin (5)
- Intensivstation (5)
- Invasion (5)
- Juvenile chronische Arthritis (5)
- Kaliumkanal (5)
- Kandidatengen (5)
- Karl Leonhard (5)
- Kidney (5)
- Klassifikation (5)
- Kleinkern (5)
- Kniegelenkprothese (5)
- Knochendichte (5)
- Komorbiditäten (5)
- Komplement (5)
- Kreuzband (5)
- Körperliche Leistungsfähigkeit (5)
- LASP-1 (5)
- LL-37 (5)
- Laktat (5)
- Lautheit (5)
- Leberzirrhose (5)
- Legionella pneumophila (5)
- Lungenfunktion (5)
- Lymphome (5)
- Magenbypass (5)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (5)
- Manisch-depressive Krankheit (5)
- Mechanisms (5)
- Medulloblastoma (5)
- Meningitis (5)
- Mesenchymzelle (5)
- Microarray (5)
- Micronuclei (5)
- Mitochondrium (5)
- Monitoring (5)
- Monozyten (5)
- Morphologie (5)
- Multiple Myeloma (5)
- Multiple myeloma (5)
- Multiple sclerosis (5)
- Myokard (5)
- Myokardprotektion (5)
- NASH (5)
- NFκB (5)
- NGA (5)
- NRF2 (5)
- NSCLC (5)
- Nanopartikel (5)
- Narkose (5)
- Nasenschleimhaut (5)
- Nebennierentumor (5)
- Netzhaut (5)
- Neugeborenes (5)
- Neuralgie (5)
- Neuroinflammation (5)
- Neuronale Plastizität (5)
- Nierenversagen (5)
- Notfall (5)
- Occludin (5)
- Oncology (5)
- Parkinson disease (5)
- Patientenzufriedenheit (5)
- Pemphigus (5)
- Periphere Stammzellentransplantation (5)
- Plattenosteosynthese (5)
- Polysomnographie (5)
- Prostaglandine (5)
- Protein (5)
- Präkonditionierung (5)
- Quantitative anatomy (5)
- RADS (5)
- RNA sequencing (5)
- Randschluss (5)
- Ranvier-Schnürring (5)
- Rat (5)
- Regenerative Medizin (5)
- Regulatorischer T-Lymphozyt (5)
- Regulatory T cells (5)
- Rektumkarzinom (5)
- Resistenz (5)
- Reverse Transkriptase-Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (5)
- Ribavirin (5)
- Salmonella (5)
- Schistosomiasis (5)
- Sensitivität (5)
- Skin (5)
- Sonographie (5)
- Spumaviren (5)
- Strahlensensibilität (5)
- T lymphocytes (5)
- T-Lymphozyten (5)
- TAVI (5)
- TMJ (5)
- Therapieerfolg (5)
- Tight junction (5)
- Titan (5)
- Toll-like-Rezeptoren (5)
- Transfektion (5)
- Ultraschallkardiographie (5)
- Unterkiefer (5)
- Vascular endothelial Growth Factor (5)
- Ventilation (5)
- Verbundfestigkeit (5)
- Vergleich (5)
- Vestibularisschwannom (5)
- Wachstum (5)
- Wundinfektion (5)
- Würzburger Hörfeld (5)
- Zelltod (5)
- Zentralnervensystem (5)
- acoustic neuroma (5)
- acute heart failure (5)
- adenocarcinoma (5)
- adipose tissue (5)
- adrenal (5)
- adrenal insufficiency (5)
- akute Herzinsuffizienz (5)
- aldosterone (5)
- animal models (5)
- anorexia nervosa (5)
- antibacterial activity (5)
- anticoagulation (5)
- antidepressant (5)
- antidepressants (5)
- anxiety disorders (5)
- aorta (5)
- aspergillus fumigatus (5)
- attention (5)
- autonomic nervous system (5)
- basal ganglia (5)
- bioink (5)
- biomechanics (5)
- brain development (5)
- brain tumor (5)
- bronchopulmonary dysplasia (5)
- caloric restriction (5)
- cancer immunotherapy (5)
- candidate gene (5)
- cardiac (5)
- cardiac surgery (5)
- cartilage regeneration (5)
- ceramides (5)
- child (5)
- chondrocytes (5)
- ciliary neurotrophic factor (5)
- cognitive decline (5)
- complement (5)
- computed tomography (5)
- congestive heart failure (5)
- creatine kinase (5)
- critical illness (5)
- dSTORM (5)
- demyelination (5)
- dexamethasone (5)
- diagnostic markers (5)
- ecological momentary assessment (5)
- ejection fraction (5)
- electroencephalography (5)
- electrospinning (5)
- encephalitis (5)
- end-stage renal disease (5)
- endothelial dysfunction (5)
- energy metabolism (5)
- epithelial-mesenchymal transition (5)
- estrogens (5)
- extracellular vesicles (5)
- fMRI (5)
- factor XII (5)
- follicular lymphoma (5)
- forensic neuropathology (5)
- galactomannan (5)
- gastric cancer (5)
- gastrointestinal tract (5)
- genome (5)
- genome-wide association (5)
- giant cell arteritis (5)
- glutamate (5)
- guideline adherence (5)
- hypertrophy (5)
- immune cells (5)
- immune system (5)
- impact (5)
- inflammasome (5)
- inflammatory bowel disease (5)
- irradiation (5)
- keratinocytes (5)
- kidneys (5)
- knockout mice (5)
- lactate (5)
- late enhancement (5)
- lesions (5)
- long-term outcome (5)
- loss of heterozygosity (5)
- loudness (5)
- magnesium phosphate cement (5)
- membrane proteins (5)
- memory (5)
- metabolic syndrome (5)
- metabolomics (5)
- methylation (5)
- methylphenidate (5)
- middle cerebral artery occlusion (5)
- migraine (5)
- migrants (5)
- minimal invasiv (5)
- minimally invasive (5)
- molecular docking (5)
- monoclonal antibody (5)
- monocyte (5)
- natural killer cells (5)
- near-infrared spectroscopy (5)
- neuromuscular junction (5)
- neuronal differentiation (5)
- newborn hearing screening (5)
- nitric oxide synthase (5)
- optogenetics (5)
- osteogenesis (5)
- outcomes (5)
- paraganglioma (5)
- parasitic diseases (5)
- pathways (5)
- pediatric (5)
- pheochromocytoma (5)
- preclinical research (5)
- prostate-specific membrane antigen (5)
- protein expression (5)
- psychological distress (5)
- public health (5)
- pulmonary hypertension (5)
- radiation (5)
- receptors (5)
- recovery (5)
- refractory (5)
- regeneration (5)
- regulatorische T-Zellen (5)
- renal cell carcinoma (5)
- repair (5)
- responses (5)
- retrospective (5)
- risk factor (5)
- risk stratification (5)
- rotator cuff (5)
- rotator cuff tear (5)
- saliva (5)
- scaffold (5)
- serum (5)
- sevoflurane (5)
- sex differences (5)
- skeletal muscle (5)
- skin punch biopsy (5)
- small interfering RNAs (5)
- smoking (5)
- somatic mutations (5)
- somatostatin receptor (5)
- stem-cell transplantation (5)
- strain (5)
- subarachnoid hemorrhage (5)
- sympathetic nervous system (5)
- symptoms (5)
- thrombo-inflammation (5)
- thrombolysis (5)
- tissue (5)
- tomography (5)
- total hip arthroplasty (5)
- uveal melanoma (5)
- virtual reality (5)
- xx (5)
- Überlebensrate (5)
- 19. Jahrhundert (4)
- ACTH (4)
- ASSR (4)
- ATP (4)
- Adenylate cyclase (4)
- Adhäsion (4)
- Akustikusneurinom (4)
- Akute Leukämie (4)
- Alkoholabhängigkeit (4)
- Alkoholismus (4)
- Alzheimers disease (4)
- Amplifikation (4)
- Anaphylaxis (4)
- Angstsensitivität (4)
- Anura (4)
- Arzneimittelüberwachung (4)
- Audiologie (4)
- Auge (4)
- Augenheilkunde (4)
- B-cell lymphoma (4)
- B7-H1 (4)
- BERAphon® (4)
- BRAF (4)
- BRCA1 (4)
- Barth syndrome (4)
- Basaliom (4)
- Beschichtung (4)
- Beta-Rezeptor (4)
- Bevacizumab (4)
- Bildgebendes Verfahren (4)
- Biofabrication (4)
- Bipolar disorder (4)
- Blimp-1 (4)
- Blut (4)
- Blutgerinnung (4)
- Bone regeneration (4)
- Bruschit (4)
- Bypass (4)
- CCI (4)
- CD40 (4)
- CNS (4)
- CNTF (4)
- CPT (4)
- CRP (4)
- CRPS (4)
- CT angiography (4)
- Cancer genetics (4)
- Carcinogenesis (4)
- Carotisstenose (4)
- Cephalometry (4)
- Cholesterin (4)
- Chromosomenaberration (4)
- Chronischer Schmerz (4)
- Colitis ulcerosa (4)
- Covid-19 (4)
- Cushing’s syndrome (4)
- Cyclo-GMP (4)
- Cytomegalie-Virus (4)
- DHEAS (4)
- Darm (4)
- Dasatinib (4)
- Dendritic cells (4)
- Desmosom (4)
- Deutschland (4)
- Dimension 3 (4)
- Dopamin (4)
- EBV (4)
- ECG (4)
- ECM (4)
- EKG (4)
- ELISPOT (4)
- ERK (4)
- Echinococcus multilocularis (4)
- Elektrocochleographie (4)
- Elektroencephalographie (4)
- Elektroporation (4)
- Emotionsregulation (4)
- Endoprothese (4)
- Endotheldysfunktion (4)
- Endothelium (4)
- Entwicklungsländer (4)
- Enzyme replacement therapy (4)
- Epidermaler Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptor (4)
- FKBP5 (4)
- Fanconi anemia (4)
- Fazialisparese (4)
- First Responder (4)
- Fluoreszenz-Resonanz-Energie-Transfer (4)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (4)
- Fn14 (4)
- Fuchsbandwurm (4)
- Furchtkonditionierung (4)
- G proteins (4)
- G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptoren (4)
- G-protein (4)
- GDNF (4)
- GFAP (4)
- Geburtshilfe (4)
- Genanalyse (4)
- Gene-expression (4)
- Genetics (4)
- Gentherapie (4)
- Geschichte (4)
- Geschlecht (4)
- Geschlechtsunterschied (4)
- Glucose (4)
- Graft-versus-host-disease (4)
- Growth (4)
- Guillain-Barré-Syndrom (4)
- HFpEF (4)
- HSM-sentence-test (4)
- Haemophilus influenzae (4)
- Halothan (4)
- Harnblasenkarzinom (4)
- Herzfrequenz (4)
- Herzschrittmacher (4)
- Hirnödem (4)
- Histopathologie (4)
- Hormone (4)
- Hornhaut (4)
- Hyaluronsäure (4)
- Hypertrophische Herzmuskelkrankheit (4)
- Hämodynamik (4)
- Hörtest (4)
- Hörverlust (4)
- ICSI (4)
- IL-10 (4)
- IL-6 (4)
- IMRT (4)
- Immunoassay (4)
- Inanspruchnahme (4)
- Integrine (4)
- Interleukin 8 (4)
- Ionenkanal (4)
- JNK (4)
- Jugend (4)
- Jugendliche (4)
- Juvenile idiopathische Arthritis (4)
- Kerntransport (4)
- Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie (4)
- Kindesalter (4)
- Klinisches Experiment (4)
- Knochenzemente (4)
- Kohlenhydrate (4)
- Kombinationstherapie (4)
- Komorbidität (4)
- Komplement <Immunologie> (4)
- Kontrollierte klinische Studie (4)
- Krebs (4)
- Kreuzreaktion (4)
- LC/MS (4)
- Lactate (4)
- Lagerungsplagiozephalus (4)
- Langerhans cells (4)
- Langfristige Prognose (4)
- Laparoskopie (4)
- Laufzeit (4)
- Leber (4)
- Leptin (4)
- Lokalisation (4)
- Loss of heterozygosity (4)
- Lungenembolie (4)
- Lungenkrebs (4)
- Lymphozyten (4)
- MHC (4)
- MMP (4)
- MR-Spektroskopie (4)
- MSCs (4)
- Macrophages (4)
- Magenkrebs (4)
- Makuladegeneration (4)
- Mammographie (4)
- Mangelernährung (4)
- Maschinelles Lernen (4)
- Medizingeschichte (4)
- Medizinische Ausbildung (4)
- Meerschweinchen (4)
- Migräne (4)
- Mikrodialyse (4)
- Mikroglia (4)
- Mikrokern (4)
- Mikrosatelliteninstabilität (4)
- Minimal-invasive Chirurgie (4)
- Mitomycin C (4)
- Mittelohr (4)
- Monoklonaler bispezifischer Antikörper (4)
- Morbidität (4)
- Morbus Crohn (4)
- Mortality (4)
- Muskel (4)
- NET (4)
- NF-AT (4)
- NF-κB (4)
- NSSI (4)
- NT-proBNP (4)
- Nachuntersuchung (4)
- Narbenhernie (4)
- Nebennierenkarzinom (4)
- Nebennierenrinde (4)
- Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz (4)
- Nebenschilddrüse (4)
- Neugeborenenhörscreening (4)
- Neurofascin (4)
- Neuropathy (4)
- Nigeria (4)
- OCD (4)
- OCT (4)
- Obesity (4)
- Omarthrose (4)
- Onkogen (4)
- Osteoinduction (4)
- Osteotomie (4)
- Oxidative Stress (4)
- PBMC (4)
- PSA (4)
- PSMA-RADS (4)
- PTCA (4)
- PTEN (4)
- Panikstörung (4)
- Pankreas (4)
- Paracetamol (4)
- Pathologie (4)
- Phagozytose (4)
- Pharmakokinetik (4)
- Phäochromozytom (4)
- Prednisolon (4)
- Promotor (4)
- Propriozeption (4)
- Prostata (4)
- Proteasom (4)
- Protein p53 (4)
- Prothese (4)
- Prädiktoren (4)
- Präparation (4)
- Prävalenz (4)
- Punktion (4)
- Punktmutation (4)
- Puppenhandillusion (4)
- Purkinje cells (4)
- Qualitätsmanagement (4)
- RNA polymerase II (4)
- RNA-binding proteins (4)
- RNS (4)
- Rac1 (4)
- Rachitis (4)
- Radioiodtherapie (4)
- Radioonkologie (4)
- Raf-Kinasen (4)
- Randqualität (4)
- Rapid Prototyping (4)
- Regulation (4)
- Reproduktionsmedizin (4)
- Resektion (4)
- Resilienz (4)
- Restaurative Zahnmedizin (4)
- Retina (4)
- Rheumatismus (4)
- Risiko (4)
- Rotatorenmanschettenruptur (4)
- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (4)
- SMA (4)
- SMN (4)
- SOAT1 (4)
- Salzhydratschmelze (4)
- Scaffold (4)
- Schnarchen (4)
- Schrei (4)
- Schulterendoprothetik (4)
- Sekundärprävention (4)
- Selenoproteine (4)
- Sensitivity (4)
- Sequenzanalyse (4)
- Sevofluran (4)
- Silber (4)
- Skalierung (4)
- Skelettmuskel (4)
- Speichel (4)
- Sphingolipide (4)
- Spracherwerb (4)
- Sprachverständnistest (4)
- Stabilität (4)
- Startle (4)
- Stathmin (4)
- Stem cells (4)
- Sterilität (4)
- Stickstoffoxidsynthase (4)
- Stimulation (4)
- Stressinkontinenz (4)
- Stroma (4)
- Synuclein <alpha-> (4)
- Südafrika (4)
- T cell receptor (4)
- T-Lymphozyten-Rezeptor (4)
- T-Zelle (4)
- T-cell (4)
- T-lymphocytes (4)
- TGF-beta (4)
- TNF receptor superfamily (4)
- TNFR2 (4)
- TP53 (4)
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (4)
- Therapy (4)
- Thrombose (4)
- Thrombozyten (4)
- Toleranz (4)
- Totalendoprothese (4)
- Transforming Growth Factor beta (4)
- Transgenic mice (4)
- Transplantatabstoßung (4)
- Treatment (4)
- Tumorzelle (4)
- Ubiquitin (4)
- United States (4)
- Ureaplasma parvum (4)
- Urämie (4)
- VEP (4)
- VMAT (4)
- Vaccination (4)
- Validierung (4)
- Vaskularisation (4)
- Versorgungsqualität (4)
- Virulenz (4)
- Virus (4)
- Virusinfektion (4)
- Vitamin-D-Mangel (4)
- Wirbelsäulenverletzung (4)
- Wuerzburg (4)
- Zement (4)
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (4)
- adjuvant treatment (4)
- adrenal gland (4)
- age-related macular degeneration (4)
- aggression (4)
- allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (4)
- amplification (4)
- analgesia (4)
- anatomy (4)
- aneurysm (4)
- angiography (4)
- animal behavior (4)
- antibacterial (4)
- antifungal susceptibility (4)
- antimicrobial stewardship (4)
- antiretroviral therapy (4)
- appendicitis (4)
- arrhythmia (4)
- atopic dermatitis (4)
- attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (4)
- auditory pathway (4)
- autoantibody (4)
- autoantigen (4)
- biofilms (4)
- bioinformatics (4)
- biokinetics (4)
- biological models (4)
- bioreactor (4)
- bleeding (4)
- body weight (4)
- calcium phosphate (4)
- cancer genomics (4)
- capsaicin (4)
- carcinomas (4)
- cardiac metabolism (4)
- cardioprotection (4)
- cardiovascular (4)
- cardiovascular genetics (4)
- cardiovascular risk factors (4)
- cell biology (4)
- cell cycle (4)
- cell differentiation (4)
- cell proliferation (4)
- cerebral ischemia (4)
- cervical dystonia (4)
- chemokine (4)
- chondrogenic differentiation (4)
- clinical study (4)
- co-culture (4)
- collagens (4)
- colon (4)
- colon cancer (4)
- corneal confocal microscopy (4)
- correction (4)
- costs (4)
- critical care (4)
- decellularization (4)
- definition (4)
- degeneration (4)
- dental implants (4)
- dentate gyrus (4)
- dermatology (4)
- desflurane (4)
- desmosome (4)
- desmosomes (4)
- developmental biology (4)
- drug (4)
- drug repurposing (4)
- dysgnathia (4)
- editorial (4)
- education (4)
- electrocardiography (4)
- electrohydrodynamic (4)
- electrophysiology (4)
- emotion regulation (4)
- endoscopy (4)
- endothelial progenitor cells (4)
- enzyme-linked immunoassays (4)
- epithelium (4)
- estrogen (4)
- evaluation (4)
- failure (4)
- fear (4)
- ferroptosis (4)
- fibroblast (4)
- fibromyalgia (4)
- fish (4)
- fluorescence imaging (4)
- fluorescence microscopy (4)
- foamy virus (4)
- forensic neurotraumatology (4)
- gait initiation (4)
- genetic loci (4)
- genomic damage (4)
- gingivitis (4)
- glaucoma surgery (4)
- glucocorticoids (4)
- gynecology (4)
- halothane (4)
- heart rate variability (4)
- hematopoietic stem cells (4)
- hernia (4)
- heterochromatin (4)
- histology (4)
- homeostasis (4)
- hydrogels (4)
- hydroxyapatite (4)
- hypercortisolism (4)
- hyperekplexia (4)
- hypofractionation (4)
- imaging techniques (4)
- immune checkpoint blockade (4)
- implementation (4)
- in vitro model (4)
- inflammatory pain (4)
- influenza (4)
- inpatient rehabilitation (4)
- insulin resistance (4)
- integrin (4)
- intensive care (4)
- interaction (4)
- intestinal barrier (4)
- intestine (4)
- invasive aspergillosis (4)
- invasive fungal infection (4)
- invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (4)
- iron (4)
- kidney function (4)
- knee arthroplasty (4)
- learning (4)
- left ventricular hypertrophy (4)
- lenalidomide (4)
- lines (4)
- linkage (4)
- lipids (4)
- lithium (4)
- luciferase (4)
- mRNA expression (4)
- malaria (4)
- mapping (4)
- mast cells (4)
- matrix metalloproteinases (4)
- medical rehabilitation (4)
- medullary thyroid carcinoma (4)
- melt electrowriting (MEW) (4)
- memory B cells (4)
- meningioma (4)
- meningococcal disease (4)
- metabolic test (4)
- miR-21 (4)
- microarray (4)
- microbiome (4)
- microsatellite instability (4)
- middle ear (4)
- molecular medicine (4)
- morbidity (4)
- motor learning (4)
- muscle (4)
- mutagenicity (4)
- mycotoxin (4)
- myocardial perfusion (4)
- neural networks (4)
- neuroblastoma (4)
- neuroimmunology (4)
- neuronal plasticity (4)
- neurotrophic factor (4)
- neurotrophic factors (4)
- neutrophil (4)
- norepinephrine transporter (4)
- oligodendrocytes (4)
- oncolytic virus (4)
- opioids (4)
- optimization (4)
- osteoblast (4)
- osteogenic differentiation (4)
- osteosynthesis (4)
- outbreak (4)
- pH (4)
- paediatrics (4)
- palliative care (4)
- parathyroid (4)
- parathyroid hormone (4)
- pathogenicity (4)
- patient blood management (4)
- perception (4)
- performance (4)
- perioperative management (4)
- periprosthetic infection (4)
- periprothetische Infektion (4)
- persistence (4)
- phosphate (4)
- physiology (4)
- phytic acid (4)
- plasma cells (4)
- plasmodium falciparum (4)
- platelet aggregation (4)
- polyomavirus (4)
- post-traumatic stress disorder (4)
- postoperative Komplikationen (4)
- preterm (4)
- prognostic factor (4)
- prognostic marker (4)
- prognostic value (4)
- propofol (4)
- protein kinase (4)
- protein synthesis (4)
- psychiatry (4)
- psycho-oncology (4)
- psychology (4)
- radial (4)
- radiochemotherapy (4)
- radionuclide therapy (4)
- receptor tyrosine kinase (4)
- recombination (4)
- recommendations (4)
- regression analysis (4)
- renal failure (4)
- renal function (4)
- reoperation (4)
- replacement (4)
- replication (4)
- resilience (4)
- response inhibition (4)
- results (4)
- retrospektiv (4)
- reveals (4)
- revision (4)
- sRNA (4)
- sarcopenia (4)
- scale (4)
- scaling (4)
- score (4)
- secretion (4)
- segmentation (4)
- selenium (4)
- sequence (4)
- sex chromosomes (4)
- shRNA (4)
- signaling pathway (4)
- silver (4)
- skin cancer (4)
- sleep bruxism (4)
- sleeping sickness (4)
- small RNA (4)
- small intestine (4)
- software (4)
- specificity (4)
- spinal cord (4)
- spleen (4)
- startle disease (4)
- statins (4)
- stimulation (4)
- strain rate (4)
- stromal cells (4)
- super-resolution microscopy (4)
- surgical and invasive medical procedures (4)
- synapse (4)
- synaptic vesicles (4)
- synthesis (4)
- systematic literature review (4)
- systems biology (4)
- telemedicine (4)
- testosterone (4)
- thrombin (4)
- thromboembolism (4)
- thymoma (4)
- thyroid (4)
- tight junction (4)
- total knee replacement (4)
- toxicology (4)
- transcranial direct current stimulation (4)
- transcranial magnetic stimulation (4)
- transcription factor (4)
- transfection (4)
- transient ischemic attack (4)
- tremor (4)
- trial (4)
- troponin (4)
- tumor heterogeneity (4)
- urine (4)
- vaccine (4)
- vascularization (4)
- viability (4)
- virus (4)
- vitamin B6 (4)
- vitamin C (4)
- weight loss (4)
- x (4)
- zinc oxide (4)
- zinc oxide nanoparticles (4)
- γ-H2AX (4)
- - (3)
- --- (3)
- 1 (3)
- 18F-DCFPyL (3)
- 18F-FDG PET/CT (3)
- 18F-LMI1195 (3)
- 3D Printing (3)
- 3D tissue model (3)
- 3D-Stereophotogrammetrie (3)
- 5-Fluorouracil (3)
- 5-HTT (3)
- 5-Methylcytosine (3)
- 5-fluorouracil (3)
- ABR (3)
- ACE (3)
- ALS (3)
- AMD (3)
- ANP (3)
- ARIA (3)
- ASC (3)
- Acetylsalicylsäure (3)
- Adenom-Karzinom-Sequenz (3)
- Adult (3)
- Africa (3)
- Aging (3)
- Akromioklavikulargelenk (3)
- Aktivierung (3)
- Akutes Nierenversagen (3)
- Albino rats (3)
- Alkalische Phosphatase (3)
- Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (3)
- Alopecia areata (3)
- Alternative Medizin (3)
- Altersbestimmung (3)
- Alzheimerkrankheit (3)
- Amplitude (3)
- Analgesie (3)
- Anandamid (3)
- Anastomose (3)
- Anastomoseninsuffizienz (3)
- Aneurysma (3)
- Angeborene Immunität (3)
- Angiogenesis (3)
- Angiographie (3)
- Angiotensin (3)
- Antagonist (3)
- Antiangiogenese (3)
- Antigen (3)
- Antigen CD28 (3)
- Antigen CD40 (3)
- Antigenpräsentation (3)
- Antimykotikaresistenz (3)
- Aorta (3)
- Apherese (3)
- Appendizitis (3)
- Arthrodese (3)
- Arthroplasty (3)
- Aseptische Lockerung (3)
- Atemwegsinfektion (3)
- Atorvastatin (3)
- Attraktivität (3)
- Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Syndrom (3)
- Augendruck (3)
- Autoantibodies (3)
- Autoantigen (3)
- Autophagy (3)
- Avidität (3)
- B-Zellen (3)
- B-cells (3)
- BIS (3)
- BMD (3)
- BP180 (3)
- Basilarmembran (3)
- Bauchfellentzündung (3)
- Befestigungskomposit (3)
- Beschleunigungssensor (3)
- Beta-1-Rezeptor (3)
- Bildgebung (3)
- Bilharziose (3)
- Biochemie (3)
- Bisphosphonate (3)
- Blasenkrebs (3)
- Blutverlust (3)
- Bone marrow transplantation (3)
- Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (3)
- Borreliose (3)
- Bortezomib (3)
- Brackets (3)
- Brain (3)
- Bridging (3)
- Bruchpilot (3)
- Bupivacain (3)
- Butyrate (3)
- CAD/CAM (3)
- CAR T cell (3)
- CCL2 (3)
- CCR7 (3)
- CD4+ T cells (3)
- CD40L (3)
- CD8 T cell (3)
- CD95 (3)
- CDH13 (3)
- CEA (3)
- CGH (3)
- CIDP (3)
- CMR (3)
- CMT (3)
- COVID-19 pandemic (3)
- CSF (3)
- CVD (3)
- CYR61 (3)
- Calcineurin (3)
- Calciumhydroxid (3)
- Capsaicin (3)
- Carcino-embryonales Antigen (3)
- Carcinogenicity (3)
- Carcinogens (3)
- Cardiomyopathy (3)
- Cas9 (3)
- Catecholamine (3)
- Cerebellar cortex (3)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (3)
- Charcot-Marie-Syndrom (3)
- Chimärismus (3)
- China (3)
- Chirp (3)
- Chronisch-myeloische Leukämie (3)
- Ciliary neurotrophic factor (3)
- Classification (3)
- Clopidogrel (3)
- Cochlea-Implantat (3)
- Coexpression (3)
- Cranio-Corpo-Graphie (3)
- Craniosynostosis (3)
- Crohn-Krankheit (3)
- Cushing-Syndrom (3)
- Cytologie (3)
- Cytotoxizität (3)
- DCM (3)
- DMD (3)
- DNA double strand breaks (3)
- DNA double-strand breaks (3)
- DNA transcription (3)
- DRG (3)
- DWI (3)
- DYT1 (3)
- DaTscan (3)
- Datenbank (3)
- Deletion (3)
- Dentalkeramik (3)
- Dermatologie (3)
- Development (3)
- Diabetes Mellitus (3)
- Diabetische Polyneuropathie (3)
- Diagnosis (3)
- Differentialdiagnose (3)
- Dilatation (3)
- Docetaxel (3)
- Doppler-Echokardiographie (3)
- Dünndarmtransplantation (3)
- ECMO (3)
- EMG (3)
- Einsilbiges Wort (3)
- Elektromyographie (3)
- Ellenbogen (3)
- Embryo (3)
- Emotion (3)
- Empfängnisverhütung (3)
- Endotheliale Dysfunktion (3)
- Endozytose (3)
- Enzyme induction (3)
- Ependymom (3)
- Epidermis (3)
- Erbkrankheit (3)
- Ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (3)
- Ergospirometrie (3)
- Erste Hilfe (3)
- Ertaubung (3)
- Erwachsene (3)
- Erythropoietin (3)
- Essstörungen (3)
- Estrogene (3)
- Etomidat (3)
- FAEP (3)
- FDG (3)
- FMRI (3)
- FSHD (3)
- FTY720 (3)
- Fanconi Anaemia (3)
- Fas-Ligand (3)
- Fatigue (3)
- Fernröntgenseitenbild (3)
- Fettgewebe (3)
- Fettleber (3)
- Fibroblastenwachstumsfaktor (3)
- Fibroblasts (3)
- Fluorescence (3)
- Follikuläres Lymphom (3)
- Fragmentbefestigung (3)
- Frailty (3)
- Freiburger Sprachverständnistest (3)
- Frühgeborenes (3)
- Funktion (3)
- Fusarium (3)
- GABAA receptors (3)
- GLUT3 (3)
- GVHD (3)
- Gastrointestinaltrakt (3)
- Gebrechlichkeit (3)
- Gen (3)
- Gene (3)
- Genome (3)
- Gephyrin (3)
- Gesichtsschmerz (3)
- Gestationsdiabetes (3)
- Gewebekultur (3)
- Gingivitis (3)
- Glioblastoma multiforme (3)
- Glucocorticosteroidrezeptor (3)
- Glucosestoffwechsel (3)
- Glucosetransportproteine (3)
- Glutamat (3)
- Glutathione (3)
- Glycinrezeptor (3)
- Grading (3)
- Graft-versus-host disease (3)
- HFOV (3)
- HFmrEF (3)
- HHV-6 (3)
- HIV-1 (3)
- HPLC (3)
- HSM (3)
- Hand (3)
- Handchirurgie (3)
- Haplotypanalyse (3)
- Harmonic Imaging (3)
- Harninkontinenz (3)
- Hausarzt (3)
- Hautkrebs (3)
- Herz-Lungen-Maschine (3)
- Herzfunktion (3)
- Herzmuskelzelle (3)
- Herzoperation (3)
- Herzstoffwechsel (3)
- Herztransplantation (3)
- Hirnmetastase (3)
- Hirnmetastasen (3)
- Hirnstimulation (3)
- Hirschsprung disease (3)
- Hitzeschock-Proteine (3)
- Hochdosischemotherapie (3)
- Hodgkin lymphoma (3)
- Humangenetik (3)
- Hyperalgesie (3)
- Hyperglykämie (3)
- Hyponatriämie (3)
- Hypophosphatasia (3)
- Hypoxie (3)
- Härte (3)
- Hörprüfung (3)
- Hörstörung (3)
- Hüftendoprothetik (3)
- Hüfttotalendoprothese (3)
- ICD (3)
- ICU (3)
- IGRT (3)
- IL-4 (3)
- IVF (3)
- Identifizierung (3)
- IgE (3)
- IgM (3)
- Imaging (3)
- Immundefekt (3)
- Immunglobulin (3)
- Immunität <Medizin> (3)
- Immunoblot (3)
- Immunosuppression (3)
- Implantation (3)
- In-vitro (3)
- In-vivo (3)
- Induzierte pluripotente Stammzelle (3)
- Influenza (3)
- Intensivmedizin (3)
- Intensivtransport (3)
- Interferon <gamma-> (3)
- Interleukin 1-beta (3)
- Interleukin 6 (3)
- Interleukin-1 (3)
- Interleukin-4 (3)
- Interleukin-6 (3)
- Interventionsradiologie (3)
- Intraokularer Druck (3)
- Inzidentalom (3)
- Inzidenz (3)
- Ischämische Präkonditionierung (3)
- Kaiserschnitt (3)
- Kalzium (3)
- Karzinom (3)
- Katarakt (3)
- Katatonie (3)
- Katecholamine (3)
- Keratinozyt (3)
- Keratinozyten (3)
- Ketogene Kost (3)
- Ketonkörper (3)
- Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie (3)
- Kindergarten (3)
- Klonalität (3)
- Klonierung (3)
- Knee (3)
- Kniegelenkarthrose (3)
- Knochenmark (3)
- Knochenstoffwechsel (3)
- Knochentumor (3)
- Knorpelregeneration (3)
- Kognition (3)
- Kolon (3)
- Konfokale Mikroskopie (3)
- Kontinenz (3)
- Kopforthesentherapie (3)
- Kraniometrie (3)
- Kraniopharyngeom (3)
- Kraniopharyngiom (3)
- Kraniosynostose (3)
- Krankheitsverarbeitung (3)
- Kreatinkinase (3)
- Körperwahrnehmung (3)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (3)
- L929 (3)
- LIF (3)
- LNCaP (3)
- LTD (3)
- Lactatdehydrogenase (3)
- Laminin (3)
- Langzeitdepression (3)
- Langzeitprognose (3)
- Larynx (3)
- Larynxkarzinom (3)
- Late Enhancement (3)
- Latrophilin (3)
- Leberzellkrebs (3)
- Leishmania (3)
- Lenalidomid (3)
- Lopinavir (3)
- Low-density-Lipoproteine (3)
- Lymphknoten (3)
- Lymphogranulomatose (3)
- MALT-Lymphom (3)
- MALT1 (3)
- MAPK (3)
- MDSC (3)
- MGMT (3)
- MIBG (3)
- MLC1 (3)
- MOLLI (3)
- MPFL (3)
- MPI (3)
- MSCT (3)
- MTUS1 (3)
- Magnetische Resonanz (3)
- Malaria tropica (3)
- Malignant hyperthermia (3)
- Malignes Lymphom (3)
- Mamma (3)
- Mechanorezeptor (3)
- Mechanotransduktion (3)
- Medizinische Rehabilitation (3)
- Medizinstudent (3)
- Melanoma (3)
- Meningococci (3)
- Meniskus (3)
- Mensch (3)
- Mesenchymale Stromazellen (3)
- Metabolisches Syndrom (3)
- Metabolismus (3)
- Metabolomics (3)
- Metastase (3)
- Methohexital (3)
- Methotrexate (3)
- Methylation (3)
- Microdialyse (3)
- Mikroverkapselung (3)
- Molekularbiologie (3)
- Mouse (3)
- Multidrug-Resistenz (3)
- Multiple Sclerosis (3)
- Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Chirurgie (3)
- Mundhöhle (3)
- Mundhöhlentumor (3)
- Muskeldystrophie (3)
- Muskelkraft (3)
- Mutationen (3)
- Myasthenia gravis (3)
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-IgG) (3)
- Myelom (3)
- Mykobakterien (3)
- NF-kappa-B (3)
- NF-kappaB (3)
- NFkB (3)
- NGF (3)
- NGS (3)
- NK-Zellen (3)
- NMDA-Rezeptor (3)
- NMR (3)
- NPY (3)
- NSG (3)
- NVP-BEZ235 (3)
- Nahtmaterial (3)
- Natalizumab (3)
- Nationalsozialismus (3)
- Natrium-Calcium-Austauscher (3)
- Nausea (3)
- Nebenwirkung (3)
- Nebenwirkungen (3)
- Nekrose (3)
- Nervenfaser (3)
- Nervenzelle (3)
- Nestin (3)
- Neurochirurgie (3)
- Neurologie (3)
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) (3)
- Neurons (3)
- Neurotizismus (3)
- Neurotrophic factors (3)
- Neutrophiler Granulozyt (3)
- Nicht-kleinzelliges Bronchialkarzinom (3)
- Nierenzellkarzinom (3)
- Nociceptor (3)
- Nrf2 (3)
- Nuklearfaktor Kappa B (3)
- Operationstechnik (3)
- Opioide (3)
- Optic neuritis (3)
- Oropharynx (3)
- Orthopädie (3)
- Osseointegration (3)
- Osteoarthrose (3)
- Osteoblast (3)
- Osteoblasten (3)
- Osteoklast (3)
- Osteopontin (3)
- OxLDL (3)
- PCI (3)
- PKA (3)
- PMCA (3)
- PMMA (3)
- PNP (3)
- PROM (3)
- PTH (3)
- Palliative Care (3)
- Palliativversorgung (3)
- Pandemie (3)
- Parasit (3)
- Passivrauchen (3)
- Patella (3)
- Patient (3)
- Patienten (3)
- Patientenverfügung (3)
- Pe (3)
- Peripheres Nervensystem (3)
- Peristaltik (3)
- Peritonitis (3)
- Persönlichkeitsmerkmale (3)
- Persönlichkeitsstörung (3)
- Pest (3)
- Pharmakotherapie (3)
- Phospholipide (3)
- Phosphorylierung (3)
- Phänotyp (3)
- Plaque (3)
- Plexus brachialis (3)
- Polyadenylierung (3)
- Polymerisation (3)
- Positron emission tomography (3)
- Pregnancy (3)
- Prognosefaktor (3)
- Prognosefaktoren (3)
- Prophylaxe (3)
- Prosodie (3)
- Prostate Cancer (3)
- Prostatektomie (3)
- Protein p8 (3)
- Protein-Tyrosin-Kinasen (3)
- Proteine (3)
- Proteinkinase C (3)
- Proteinurie (3)
- Pseudarthrose (3)
- Psychische Gesundheit (3)
- Psychopathologie (3)
- Pyrrolizidinalkaloide (3)
- Quality of Life (3)
- Qualität (3)
- Qualitätskontrolle (3)
- RCT (3)
- RHO (3)
- RKIP (3)
- RNA interference (3)
- RNA-sequencing (3)
- RNAi (3)
- RS-Virus (3)
- RT-qPCR (3)
- RYGB (3)
- Rac (3)
- Radiochemotherapie (3)
- Radiologie (3)
- Radiosurgery (3)
- Raf (3)
- Raman-Spektroskopie (3)
- Rauchen (3)
- Recurrence (3)
- Recurrensparese (3)
- Regeneration (3)
- Regression (3)
- Regulatorische T-Zellen (3)
- Remineralisation (3)
- Renal cell carcinoma (3)
- Renin-Angiotensin-System (3)
- Retroviren (3)
- Rezidivrate (3)
- RhoA (3)
- Ribosom (3)
- Risk (3)
- SBRT (3)
- SF-36 (3)
- SGLT1 (3)
- SIRS (3)
- SIV (3)
- SLOOP (3)
- SOX9 (3)
- SPECT/CT (3)
- Sagittalnahtsynostose (3)
- Salmonella typhi (3)
- Salmonella typhimurium (3)
- Schaf (3)
- Scherfestigkeit (3)
- Scherstress (3)
- Schichttechnik (3)
- Schlafkrankheit (3)
- Schleimhaut (3)
- Schockraumalgorithmus (3)
- Schwein (3)
- Score (3)
- Selbstmord (3)
- Selen (3)
- Selenoprotein P (3)
- Senile Makuladegeneration (3)
- Serotoninstoffwechsel (3)
- Serum (3)
- Sicherheit (3)
- Silicone (3)
- Silikon (3)
- Siloran (3)
- Simulationstraining (3)
- Skiverletzung (3)
- South Africa (3)
- Speckle tracking (3)
- Speicheldrüse (3)
- Spektroskopie (3)
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy (3)
- Spinalganglion (3)
- Sprache (3)
- Sprachverständlichkeit (3)
- Staging (3)
- Staphylococcus (3)
- Statine (3)
- Stereophotogrammetrie (3)
- Stereophotogrammetry (3)
- Stoffwechsel (3)
- Strainrate (3)
- Streptomyces (3)
- Störgeräusch (3)
- Subarachnoidalblutung (3)
- Substantia nigra (3)
- Succinylcholine (3)
- Surgery (3)
- T cell activation (3)
- T-cadherin (3)
- T-cell lymphoma (3)
- THA (3)
- TKI (3)
- TNAP (3)
- TNF superfamily (3)
- TNF-α (3)
- TNFR1 (3)
- TRAF2 (3)
- TRH (3)
- Targeted therapy (3)
- Testosteron (3)
- Th17 (3)
- Therapieergebnisse (3)
- Thrombozytenaktivierung (3)
- Thymom (3)
- Tissue engineering (3)
- Tolerance (3)
- Tourette syndrome (3)
- Transkription (3)
- Transkription <Genetik> (3)
- Transkriptionsfaktoren (3)
- Transporter (3)
- Treg (3)
- Tricalciumphosphat (3)
- TrkB (3)
- Trypanosoma brucei (3)
- Trypanosomiase (3)
- Trypanosomiasis (3)
- Tumorerkrankungen (3)
- Tumorstoffwechsel (3)
- Tumorsuppressorgen (3)
- Tumortherapie (3)
- USP8 (3)
- Ultraschallkontrastmittel (3)
- Umfrage (3)
- Ureaplasma urealyticum (3)
- Urin (3)
- Urothelkarzinom (3)
- Urämietoxine (3)
- VE-Cadherin (3)
- VSOP (3)
- Validation (3)
- Vaskularisierung (3)
- Verlauf (3)
- Vertigo (3)
- Vif (3)
- Vigilanz (3)
- Visus (3)
- Viszeralchirurgie (3)
- Volumentomographie (3)
- Vorsprachliche Entwicklung (3)
- WNT (3)
- Wachstumsfaktoren (3)
- Wertigkeit (3)
- Wiederbelebung (3)
- Wilms' tumor (3)
- Wnt-Proteine (3)
- Wurzelkanalbehandlung (3)
- Würzburg / Institut für Humangenetik (3)
- X-ray crystallography (3)
- Xenotransplantation (3)
- Yoga (3)
- Zahnersatz (3)
- Zahnprothetik (3)
- Zebrabärbling (3)
- Zellkontakt (3)
- Zufriedenheit (3)
- Zwangsstörung (3)
- Zytoskelett (3)
- Zytotoxizität (3)
- accuracy (3)
- acetylsalicylic acid (3)
- actin cytoskeleton (3)
- actins (3)
- acupuncture (3)
- acute graft-versus-host disease (3)
- acute renal failure (3)
- adalimumab (3)
- adaptation (3)
- adaptive immune system (3)
- adenoma (3)
- adhesion molecules (3)
- adiponectin (3)
- adipose-derived stromal cells (3)
- adrenal crisis (3)
- adrenocortical cancer (3)
- adsorption (3)
- adulthood (3)
- adverse events (3)
- agalsidase alfa (3)
- agalsidase beta (3)
- aggregation (3)
- airway management (3)
- alkaline phosphatase (3)
- allogene Stammzelltransplantation (3)
- alpha-synuclein (3)
- amino acid (3)
- amyloidosis (3)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (3)
- anaemia (3)
- analysis of variance (3)
- angiotensin II (3)
- ankle (3)
- antagonist (3)
- anthocyanins (3)
- antibakteriell (3)
- antibiotic (3)
- anticoagulants (3)
- antigen (3)
- antimicrobial peptides (3)
- antimicrobials (3)
- antimikrobielle Peptide (3)
- aortic aneurysm (3)
- aortic stenosis (3)
- arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (3)
- artemisinin (3)
- arteriosclerosis (3)
- arthritis (3)
- arthrography (3)
- arthroplasty (3)
- aspirin (3)
- assay (3)
- association study (3)
- attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (3)
- attentional bias (3)
- auditory cortex (3)
- auditory evoked potentials (3)
- autism (3)
- autoimmune (3)
- autoimmune disease (3)
- autologous stem cell transplantation (3)
- automation (3)
- awareness (3)
- axonal damage (3)
- bacterial meningitis (3)
- balance (3)
- beta-D-glucan (3)
- bevacizumab (3)
- binding analysis (3)
- binding protein (3)
- biofilm (3)
- biology (3)
- biomedical engineering (3)
- biomedical materials (3)
- biosensors (3)
- biosynthesis (3)
- birth cohort (3)
- bisphosphonates (3)
- blood plasma (3)
- blood-brain-barrier (3)
- body mass index (3)
- bonding agent (3)
- bone adhesive (3)
- bone defect (3)
- bone density (3)
- bone disease (3)
- bone metabolism (3)
- bone substitute (3)
- bone-marrow (3)
- brain derived neurotrophic factor (3)
- brain edema (3)
- breast-tumors (3)
- bridging (3)
- bruxism (3)
- bullous pemphigoid (3)
- burden (3)
- c-Fos (3)
- cFLIP (3)
- calcium phosphate cement (3)
- cancer metabolism (3)
- cancer microenvironment (3)
- cancer stem cells (3)
- capecitabine (3)
- cardiac rehabilitation (3)
- cardiolipin (3)
- cardiology (3)
- cardiomyocytes (3)
- cardiovascular magnetic resonance (3)
- cell fusion (3)
- cell membranes (3)
- ceramics (3)
- ceramide (3)
- cerebellar tDCS (3)
- channel (3)
- chlamydia trachomatis (3)
- cholesterol (3)
- chondrogenesis (3)
- chronic stress (3)
- cirrhosis (3)
- claudin-1 (3)
- clinical outcome (3)
- clinical practice (3)
- clonality (3)
- cloning (3)
- closed head injury (3)
- coating (3)
- cochlear implantation (3)
- cohort studies (3)
- cohort study (3)
- colonoscopy (3)
- comparative genomic hybridization (3)
- comparative genomics (3)
- complement system (3)
- composite (3)
- contrast media (3)
- copy number variation (3)
- cornea (3)
- criteria (3)
- crowdsensing (3)
- crystal structure (3)
- cycloid psychosis (3)
- damage (3)
- deafness (3)
- death receptors (3)
- decision making (3)
- deficient mice (3)
- degradation (3)
- density functional theory (3)
- depressive disorder (3)
- desmin (3)
- diabetic cardiomyopathy (3)
- diabetic nephropathy (3)
- diastolic dysfunction (3)
- differential diagnosis (3)
- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (3)
- diffusion tensor imaging (3)
- disability (3)
- dizziness (3)
- down regulation (3)
- drug adverse reaction (3)
- drug allergy (3)
- drug discovery (3)
- drug hypersensitivity (3)
- drug metabolism (3)
- drug resistance (3)
- drug therapy (3)
- drugs (3)
- dyslexia (3)
- eating disorders (3)
- efficiency (3)
- elderly (3)
- electrical impedance tomography (3)
- electromyography (3)
- electron microscopy (3)
- embryo (3)
- emotional regulation (3)
- emphysema (3)
- endoradiotherapy (3)
- endotheliale Vorläuferzellen (3)
- endurance (3)
- endurance training (3)
- environmental health (3)
- ependymoma (3)
- epidermis (3)
- esophagus (3)
- essential tremor (3)
- estrogen receptor (3)
- ethanol (3)
- etomidate (3)
- evidence-based medicine (3)
- evozierte Potentiale (3)
- exome sequencing (3)
- exosomes (3)
- experimental stroke (3)
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (3)
- eyes (3)
- fanconi anemia (3)
- fear generalization (3)
- fibroblast activation protein (3)
- fibronectin (3)
- fixation (3)
- fluorescence (3)
- follow up (3)
- fpVCT (3)
- fragment reattachment (3)
- frailty (3)
- frontotemporal dementia (3)
- gait (3)
- gait analysis (3)
- gastric bypass (3)
- gefitinib (3)
- gender differences (3)
- gene targeting (3)
- genes (3)
- genome annotation (3)
- genomics (3)
- genotype (3)
- germinal center (3)
- glial fibrillary acidic protein (3)
- glomerular filtration rate (3)
- glucose transporter (3)
- glutamate transporters (3)
- glutamine (3)
- glycolysis (3)
- growth cone (3)
- growth hormone deficiency (3)
- guided bone regeneration (3)
- guinea pig (3)
- haemodialysis (3)
- head and neck (3)
- hearing aid (3)
- hearing loss (3)
- hearing screening (3)
- heart transplantation (3)
- hematology (3)
- hemodiafiltration (3)
- hepatitis C virus (3)
- herpesvirus (3)
- hiPSC-CM (3)
- hip fracture (3)
- histone H2AX (3)
- history of medicine (3)
- hormones (3)
- human behaviour (3)
- humanized mice (3)
- hydrodynamics (3)
- hydrogel (3)
- hyperalgesia (3)
- hypercholesterolemia (3)
- hyperexpression techniques (3)
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (3)
- immediate early genes (3)
- immune reconstitution (3)
- immunity (3)
- immunization (3)
- immunoassay (3)
- immunoglobulin (3)
- immunohistochemistry techniques (3)
- immunosenescence (3)
- impulsivity (3)
- in situ hybridization (3)
- incisional hernia (3)
- indication for surgery (3)
- infant (3)
- integration (3)
- interleukin-6 (3)
- intervention (3)
- interview (3)
- iron deficiency (3)
- ischemia/reperfusion injury (3)
- islet transplantation (3)
- islets of Langerhans (3)
- kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren (3)
- ketogenic diet (3)
- knee joint (3)
- laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (3)
- larynx (3)
- left ventricular ejection fraction (3)
- leishmania major (3)
- length of stenosis (3)
- leptin (3)
- leukocytes (3)
- library screening (3)
- lipid metabolism (3)
- lipid rafts (3)
- liraglutide (3)
- local field potentials (3)
- low back pain (3)
- low-grade glioma (3)
- lung injury (3)
- lymph node dissection (3)
- mCRP (3)
- malignancy (3)
- malignant tumors (3)
- malnutrition (3)
- mandible (3)
- medaka (3)
- medical (3)
- medical research (3)
- medical students (3)
- membrane (3)
- men (3)
- meningococci (3)
- mental disorders (3)
- mesencephalic locomotor region (3)
- mesenchymal stem cell (3)
- mesenchymal stromal cells (3)
- metabolischer Test (3)
- metagenomics (3)
- methionine restriction (3)
- miR (3)
- microRNAs (3)
- microbiota (3)
- micronucleus test (3)
- microvascular endothelial cells (3)
- mineralization (3)
- minimal-invasiv (3)
- minimally invasive surgery (3)
- mitotane (3)
- mobile health (3)
- molecular modelling (3)
- molecular neuroscience (3)
- morphology (3)
- mothers (3)
- motility (3)
- motoneurons (3)
- motor control (3)
- mtDNA (3)
- multicenter (3)
- multilocularis (3)
- murine (3)
- myelination (3)
- myofibroblast (3)
- nNOS (3)
- necroptosis (3)
- necrosis-factor-alpha (3)
- neisseria meningitidis (3)
- neonate (3)
- nephrotoxicity (3)
- neural stem cells (3)
- neurofascin (3)
- neurofilament light chain (3)
- neuroimaging (3)
- neurological disorders (3)
- neuromelanin (3)
- neuromonitoring (3)
- neuropathischer Schmerz (3)
- neuropathology (3)
- neuropsychiatric disorders (3)
- neuropsychology (3)
- neutropenia (3)
- newborn (3)
- nociception (3)
- noradrenaline (3)
- nystagmus (3)
- occlusion (3)
- oncogenes (3)
- opioid receptors (3)
- optical coherence tomography (3)
- organoid (3)
- orofacial clefts (3)
- oropharynx (3)
- orthodontics (3)
- outcomes research (3)
- ovarian carcinoma (3)
- oxygenation (3)
- p38 MAPK (3)
- palliativ (3)
- pandemic (3)
- parasitology (3)
- parents (3)
- pars plana vitrectomy (3)
- pathology (3)
- pathophysiology (3)
- patient education (3)
- pattern (3)
- pemphigus vulgaris (3)
- peptide (3)
- peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (3)
- periodic catatonia (3)
- periodische Katatonie (3)
- peristalsis (3)
- peritonitis (3)
- permeability (3)
- phagocytosis (3)
- pharmacogenetics (3)
- pharmacology (3)
- pharmacovigilance (3)
- phosphoantigen (3)
- photothrombotic stroke (3)
- plasma (3)
- plasma membrane (3)
- polarization (3)
- polygenic risk score (3)
- polymerase chain reaction (3)
- polymers (3)
- positron-emission-tomography (3)
- pro-inflammatory cytokines (3)
- progeria (3)
- prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) (3)
- protein kinases (3)
- psychische Belastung (3)
- psychophysics (3)
- pulmonary embolism (3)
- quality (3)
- radiography (3)
- radiology (3)
- radiomics (3)
- rapid prototyping (3)
- real time PCR (3)
- real-time PCR (3)
- recruitment (3)
- regulatorische T Zellen (3)
- regulatory T-cells (3)
- remineralization (3)
- remodelling (3)
- renal (3)
- reporting and data system (3)
- resuscitation (3)
- retina (3)
- retrospective analysis (3)
- reverse transcriptase (3)
- rheology (3)
- rhinitis (3)
- rickets (3)
- rubber hand illusion (3)
- salivary gland (3)
- salthydratic melt (3)
- sarcoidosis (3)
- scleroderma (3)
- selenoproteins (3)
- sensory neurons (3)
- serum concentration (3)
- sex (3)
- shear bond strength (3)
- shock (3)
- shoulder arthroplasty (3)
- sialic acid (3)
- side effects (3)
- signaling (3)
- single-sided deafness (3)
- skin (3)
- small RNAs (3)
- smooth muscle (3)
- spacer (3)
- speckle tracking (3)
- spectroscopy (3)
- speech recognition (3)
- speech recognition test (3)
- sphingomyelinase (3)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (3)
- spine (3)
- spiroergometry (3)
- splicing (3)
- squamous cell carcinoma (3)
- staphylococcus aureus (3)
- stem cell therapy (3)
- stemness (3)
- stenosis (3)
- stent (3)
- stereotactic body radiation therapy (3)
- stereotactic irradiation (3)
- strains (3)
- striatum (3)
- struvite (3)
- substantia nigra (3)
- substituent (3)
- subtypes (3)
- subunit (3)
- subventricular zone (3)
- sudden cardiac death (3)
- sulfur (3)
- surfactants (3)
- surgical oncology (3)
- survival rate (3)
- swine (3)
- synaptic inhibition (3)
- synaptic transmission (3)
- systemic sclerosis (3)
- tMCAO (3)
- teaching (3)
- technology (3)
- teeth (3)
- telomeres (3)
- temozolomide (3)
- thermodynamics (3)
- thermoregulation (3)
- three-dimensional imaging (3)
- thymic carcinoma (3)
- tolerance (3)
- tool (3)
- tooth extraction (3)
- trabectome (3)
- trabecular meshwork (3)
- tranexamic acid (3)
- transactivation (3)
- transgen (3)
- transgenic mice (3)
- transmission (3)
- transmission electron microscopy (3)
- transport (3)
- transporter (3)
- transposable elements (3)
- transtemporal (3)
- tumor cells (3)
- uremic toxins (3)
- urinary tract infections (3)
- use (3)
- vaccinia virus (3)
- vancomycin (3)
- vandetanib (3)
- vascular (3)
- vasculitis (3)
- vasculogenesis (3)
- ventilation (3)
- viral load (3)
- viruses (3)
- visual acuity (3)
- von Willebrand factor (3)
- vorsprachliche Entwicklung (3)
- wall shear stress (3)
- whole exome sequencing (3)
- whole-exome sequencing (3)
- wrist (3)
- xenotransplantation (3)
- xxx (3)
- zinc (3)
- Ätiologie (3)
- Östrogenrezeptor (3)
- Übelkeit (3)
- Übergewicht (3)
- "-omics" (2)
- 11C-HED (2)
- 123I-mIBG (2)
- 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (2)
- 18F-FDS (2)
- 19th century (2)
- 2 (2)
- 3-DPG (2)
- 31P-MRS (2)
- 3D - rapid prototyping (2)
- 3D analysis (2)
- 3D cell culture (2)
- 3D models (2)
- 3D powder printing (2)
- 3D scaffolds (2)
- 3D-Kultur (2)
- 3D-Ultraschall (2)
- 3D-Zellkultur (2)
- 3D-conformal radiotherapy (2)
- 3D-printed tooth (2)
- 4-Aminobiphenyl (2)
- 4-HNE (2)
- 4-aminobiphenyl (2)
- 5-Azacytidine (2)
- 5-Azadeoxycytidin (2)
- 5-FU (2)
- 5-HT transporter (2)
- 5-HT1A (2)
- 5-HT1A receptor (2)
- 5-HT2C (2)
- 5-azadeoxycytidine micronucleus (2)
- 68Ga-DOTATATE (2)
- 8p22 (2)
- A1 (2)
- A1 adenosine receptors (2)
- AAA-Knochen (2)
- ABC-Transporter (2)
- ABCG2 (2)
- ACL (2)
- ADAM9 (2)
- ADST (2)
- ALCL (2)
- AMADEUS (2)
- AML (2)
- ANCA (2)
- AP1 (2)
- APC (2)
- AQP4 (2)
- ASCA (2)
- ASCs (2)
- ATF4 (2)
- ATM (2)
- Ab interno trabeculectomy (2)
- Abrieb (2)
- Absolutquantifizierung (2)
- Abstoßung (2)
- Abszess (2)
- Acetylcholinrezeptor (2)
- Acetylcystein (2)
- Acne inversa (2)
- Activity (2)
- Acute myeloid leukemia (2)
- Adenoviren (2)
- Adhäsionsmoleküle (2)
- Adhäsivbrücke (2)
- Adhäsivfraktur (2)
- Adipokine (2)
- Adiponektin (2)
- Adrenocortical Carcinoma (2)
- Adrenostatika (2)
- Adulte Neurogenese (2)
- Adults (2)
- Advanced glycosylation end products (2)
- Adventitia (2)
- Affenimmundefizienzvirus (2)
- Aflatoxin (2)
- Agalsidase beta (2)
- Age (2)
- Agent (2)
- Aggression (2)
- Akademisierung (2)
- Aktionspotenzial (2)
- Aktivität (2)
- Akupunktur (2)
- Akustisch evoziertes Potenzial (2)
- Akute Extremitätenischämie (2)
- Albumin (2)
- Aldosterone (2)
- Aldosteronsynthaseinhibitor (2)
- Algorithmus (2)
- Allelische Verlustanalyse (2)
- Allgemeine Entzündungsreaktion (2)
- Allgemeinmedizin (2)
- Alloantigen (2)
- Allogene Stammzelltransplantation (2)
- Allograft rejection (2)
- Allotransplantation (2)
- Alternans (2)
- Altersdepression (2)
- Alveolarmakrophagen (2)
- Alzheimer (2)
- Ames test (2)
- Aminosäuren (2)
- Amphotericin B (2)
- Amputation (2)
- Amyloidose (2)
- Analfistel (2)
- Anastomosenheilung (2)
- Anatomie (2)
- Androgene (2)
- Aneuploidie (2)
- Angola (2)
- Angsterkrankungen (2)
- Anpassung (2)
- Anthocyane (2)
- Anthropometrie (2)
- Antibiotikafreisetzung (2)
- Antibiotikaresistenz (2)
- Antibiotikaresistenzen (2)
- Antibody (2)
- Antidepressiva (2)
- Antiepileptika (2)
- Antigen CD14 (2)
- Antikörper-Fusionsproteine (2)
- Antimikrobielle Peptide (2)
- Antioxidantien (2)
- Antipsychotics (2)
- Antipsychotika (2)
- Antisense RNA (2)
- Antisepsis (2)
- Antworthemmung (2)
- Antwortverhalten (2)
- Anästhesiologie (2)
- Anästhetika-induzierte Präkonditionierung (2)
- Aortenklappe (2)
- Aortic valve stenosis (2)
- Apobec (2)
- Apolipoprotein (2)
- Appetitlosigkeit (2)
- Approach-Avoidance-Task (2)
- Array (2)
- Arrhythmie (2)
- Arteria carotis interna (2)
- Arteriosclerosis (2)
- Arzneimittelforschung (2)
- Aspirin (2)
- Association (2)
- Association study (2)
- Ataciguat (2)
- Atemstörung (2)
- Atemwege (2)
- Atrophie (2)
- Auditory brainstem responses AER (2)
- Auditory steady-state responses ASSR (2)
- Aufklärungsgespräch (2)
- Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (2)
- Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle (2)
- Aufmerksamkeitslenkung (2)
- Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse (2)
- Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrung (2)
- Augenfolgebewegung (2)
- Augenhintergrund (2)
- Augenkrankheit (2)
- Augenlid (2)
- Autism spectrum disorders (2)
- Autismus-Spektrum-Störung (2)
- Autoaggressionskrankheit (2)
- Autogene Transplantation (2)
- Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2)
- Autophagie <Physiologie> (2)
- Autoradiography (2)
- Awareness (2)
- Axon degeneration (2)
- Axonal degeneration (2)
- B cell receptors (2)
- B chromosomes (2)
- B lymphocytes (2)
- B-Lymphozyten (2)
- B-lymphocytes (2)
- B-scan-Ultraschallkardiographie (2)
- BALF (2)
- BCG (2)
- BCL6 (2)
- BDNF stimulation (2)
- BERAphon (2)
- BMI (2)
- BMP variants (2)
- BNP (2)
- BOLD signal (2)
- BPD (2)
- BRAF mutation (2)
- BRCA2 (2)
- BTN3 (2)
- Bacillus subtilis (2)
- Bacterial infection (2)
- Balanced lethal System (2)
- Balanced lethal Systeme (2)
- Bariatrische Chirurgie (2)
- Barrett's esophagus (2)
- Barrettösophagus (2)
- Basalganglien (2)
- Basalmembran (2)
- Basketball (2)
- Bcl-2 (2)
- Beatmung (2)
- Bedürfnis (2)
- Befestigungszement (2)
- Befindlichkeit (2)
- Benzene (2)
- Benzochinone (2)
- Beta-Hydroxybutyrat (2)
- Betablocker (2)
- Bewegungsapparat (2)
- Bias (2)
- Biaxiale Biegefestigkeit (2)
- Biegefestigkeit (2)
- Bildqualität (2)
- Bindegewebe (2)
- BioVaSc (2)
- Biodruck (2)
- Biokinetics (2)
- Biokompatibel (2)
- Biology (2)
- Biomarkers (2)
- Bioprinting (2)
- Bioreaktor (2)
- Bisphosphonates (2)
- Blastozyste (2)
- Blinddarmentzündung (2)
- Blood pressure (2)
- Blood-brain barrier (2)
- Blut-Nerven-Barriere (2)
- Blutgefäß (2)
- Bluthochdruck (2)
- Blutstillung (2)
- Bocca (2)
- Body-Mass-Index (2)
- Bodyplethysmographie (2)
- Bone marrow (2)
- Bone-Lock-System (2)
- Bone-marrow-transplantation (2)
- Borrelien (2)
- Bradykinin (2)
- Brainstem-Evoked-Response-Audiometry BERA (2)
- Breast cancer (2)
- Breastcancer (2)
- Bruchfestigkeit (2)
- Bruchfläche (2)
- Bruchverhalten (2)
- Bulimia nervosa (2)
- Bypassoperation (2)
- C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (2)
- C-reaktives Protein (2)
- C/EBP (2)
- C1-inhibitor (2)
- C3 (2)
- C5a (2)
- C5aR1 (2)
- CABG (2)
- CAD/CAM restoration material (2)
- CADe (2)
- CAR T cells (2)
- CBCT (2)
- CCL4 (2)
- CCN1 (2)
- CCR2 (2)
- CD1d (2)
- CD20 (2)
- CD274 (2)
- CD30 (2)
- CD38 (2)
- CD4(+) (2)
- CD4(+) T-cells (2)
- CD46 (2)
- CD8 (2)
- CDL (2)
- CI (2)
- CIP2A (2)
- CKD (2)
- CLN3 (2)
- CNS disorders (2)
- CNV (2)
- COVID‐19 (2)
- CRC (2)
- CSF-1 (2)
- CSVD (2)
- CTEPH (2)
- CTLA-4 (2)
- CXCL10 (2)
- CXCL12 (2)
- CXCL13 (2)
- CXCR2 (2)
- CXCR7 (2)
- CYP11B2 (2)
- CYP2W1 (2)
- Cadherin (2)
- Cadherin-13 (CDH13) (2)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (2)
- Calcitonin (2)
- Calciumphosphatzemente (2)
- Calearo (2)
- Campylobacter jejuni (2)
- Cancer treatment (2)
- Cannabinoide (2)
- Capecitabin (2)
- Cardiac Surgery (2)
- Cardiac hypertrophy (2)
- Cardiovascular diseases (2)
- Cardiovascular risk factors (2)
- Cartilage regeneration (2)
- Caspase (2)
- Caspase-1 (2)
- Caspasen (2)
- Caspr (2)
- Cefotaxim (2)
- Cell culture (2)
- Cell therapy (2)
- Cellculture (2)
- Cells (2)
- Cement (2)
- Central nervous system (2)
- Cephalometric (2)
- Cerebellum (2)
- Chagas disease (2)
- Charakterisierung (2)
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (2)
- Checkpoint-Inhibitor (2)
- Chemokin CXCL10 (2)
- Chemokinrezeptor (2)
- Chemokinrezpetor (2)
- Chemoresistenz (2)
- Chemotherapieresistenz (2)
- Chemotherapy (2)
- Childhood medulloblastoma (2)
- Chimerism (2)
- Chirp-Reiz (2)
- Chondrogenic Differentiation (2)
- Chorioamnionitis (2)
- Chromosom 8 (2)
- Chromosomenanalyse (2)
- Chromosomenverlust (2)
- Chronic heart failure (2)
- Chronic kidney disease (2)
- Chronische Nierenerkrankung (2)
- Chronophin (2)
- Chronotrope Inkompetenz (2)
- Ciclosporin (2)
- Claudin-1 (2)
- Claudine <Biologie> (2)
- Cleft (2)
- Clinical Neuroradiology (2)
- Clinical trial (2)
- Clostridium-difficile-Infektion (2)
- Cluster C Persönlichkeitsstörungen (2)
- Cochlea Implantat (2)
- Coffein (2)
- Collagen (2)
- Colombia (2)
- Comet-Assay (2)
- Comorbidity (2)
- Compliance <Patient> (2)
- Composite international diagnostic interview (2)
- Computed tomography (2)
- Connexin (2)
- Constant Score (2)
- Constant score (2)
- Constant-Score (2)
- Continuous Performance Test (2)
- Copeptin (2)
- Coping (2)
- Coronaviren (2)
- Coronavirus (2)
- Corpus striatum (2)
- Cortactin (2)
- Cortison (2)
- Craniomandibuläre Dysfunktion (2)
- Craniopharyngioma (2)
- Crohn's disease (2)
- Crohn´s disease (2)
- Crohn’s disease (2)
- Crouzon (2)
- Crush (2)
- Cryo-EM (2)
- Cue-Reaktivität (2)
- Cushing’s disease (2)
- Cyclonucleotide (2)
- Cyclophosphamid (2)
- Cys-loop receptor (2)
- Cytoskeleton (2)
- DAPI staining (2)
- DAT (2)
- DCIS (2)
- DM-domain gene (2)
- DM2 (2)
- DNA Binding (2)
- DNA damage response (2)
- DNA double-strand break (2)
- DNA sequencing (2)
- DNA-Binding (2)
- DNA-PK (2)
- DNA-Reparaturgene (2)
- DNA-Schaden (2)
- DNA-Typisierung (2)
- DNA-binding proteins (2)
- DNA-typing (2)
- DNS (2)
- DOTATOC (2)
- DSG2 (2)
- DW-MRI (2)
- Dacron (2)
- Debonding (2)
- Deep learning (2)
- Definition (2)
- Deformität (2)
- Degradation (2)
- Delta-Valve (2)
- Demyelinisierung (2)
- Dentale Implantate (2)
- Dentalwerkstoff (2)
- Dentin (2)
- Dentinadhäsivsysteme (2)
- Dentinhaftvermittler (2)
- Desmoglein (2)
- Desmogleine (2)
- Detektion (2)
- Dexamethason (2)
- Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 (2)
- Diagnostic medicine (2)
- Dialysepatienten (2)
- Dialysis (2)
- Dickenmessung (2)
- Diethylstilbestrol (2)
- Differentielle Genexpression (2)
- Differenziertes Schilddrüsenkarzinom (2)
- Diffusion Tensor Imaging (2)
- Diffusions-MRT (2)
- Diffusionsgewichtete Magnetresonanztomographie (2)
- Dimorphismus (2)
- Diseases (2)
- Distale Radiusfraktur (2)
- Distress (2)
- Dobutamin-Stressechokardiographie (2)
- Domäne <Biochemie> (2)
- Dopamintransporter (2)
- Doppelkronen (2)
- Dorsal Root Ganglion (2)
- Dorsal root ganglion (2)
- Dose response (2)
- Dose-response relationship (2)
- Dosimetrie (2)
- Dosimetry (2)
- Dosisreduktion (2)
- Down syndrome (2)
- Dreidimensionale Rekonstruktion (2)
- Drosophila melanogaster (2)
- Druckmessung (2)
- Dsg2 (2)
- Dual-Source-Computertomographie (2)
- Duchenne (2)
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2)
- Duchenne-Syndrom (2)
- Durchflußzytometrie (2)
- Dynamik (2)
- Dystonia (2)
- Dämpfung (2)
- Dämpfungseigenschaften (2)
- Dünndarmtransplantat (2)
- E-cadherin (2)
- E-learning (2)
- E. coli (2)
- EAA (2)
- EBRA (2)
- ECMO-Therapie (2)
- EDA (2)
- EF (2)
- EF-1A (2)
- EGF (2)
- EGF-Rezeptor (2)
- EGF-receptor (2)
- EHEC (2)
- ELBWI (2)
- EMT (2)
- EPC (2)
- EUROASPIRE (2)
- EXKK (2)
- EZH2 (2)
- Echtzeit (2)
- Efavirenz (2)
- Einfluss (2)
- Einflussfaktoren (2)
- Einsilbersprachverständnistest (2)
- Elastizitätsmodul (2)
- Elderly (2)
- Electropermeabilization (2)
- Electrophysiology (2)
- Electrospinning (2)
- Elektrofusion (2)
- Elektroimpedanztomographie (2)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (2)
- Elektrospinnen (2)
- Elektrospinning (2)
- Elektrostimulation (2)
- Elmex (2)
- Emotional processing (2)
- Empowerment (2)
- End-of-Life Care (2)
- Endobrachyösophagus (2)
- Endocannabinoide (2)
- Endokrinologie (2)
- Endoskopie (2)
- Endosonographie (2)
- Endothelbarriere (2)
- Endothelial dysfunction (2)
- Endothelin (2)
- Endothelzellen (2)
- Energiestoffwechsel (2)
- Enoxaparin (2)
- Enterobacteriaceae (2)
- Entnahmemorbidität (2)
- Entscheidungsfindung (2)
- Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem (2)
- Entzündungsparameter (2)
- Enzephalitis (2)
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (2)
- Enzymersatztherapie (2)
- Epidemiology (2)
- Epithelial-mesenchymale Transition (2)
- Epithelzelle (2)
- Eplerenone (2)
- Epstein-Barr-Virus (2)
- Ergebnisse (2)
- Erlotinib (2)
- Erratum (2)
- Erregbarkeit (2)
- Erwachsenenalter (2)
- Erythrozyten (2)
- Escherichia coli K1 (2)
- Escitalopram (2)
- Estrogen (2)
- Ethanol (2)
- Europe (2)
- Euthanasie (2)
- Everolimus (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Ewing-Sarkom (2)
- Exercise capacity (2)
- Exercise testing (2)
- Expansion (2)
- Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2)
- Experimentelle autoimmune Enzephalomyelitis (2)
- Extinktion (2)
- Extraversion (2)
- Eyelid (2)
- Ezetimib (2)
- FACS (2)
- FAP (2)
- FDG PET/CT (2)
- FFPE (2)
- FGF-pathway (2)
- FGFR1 (2)
- FIB-4 (2)
- FRET (2)
- Fabry (2)
- Fabry genotype (2)
- Fabry phenotype (2)
- Fahrradergometer (2)
- Faktorenanalyse (2)
- Familienuntersuchung (2)
- Family-Investigation (2)
- Fanconi Anemia (2)
- FasL (2)
- Fc-receptor (2)
- FcγR (2)
- Fear (2)
- Fehlstellung (2)
- Fettleibigkeit (2)
- Fettzelle (2)
- Fibroblasten (2)
- Fibromyalgia (2)
- Fibromyalgia syndrome (2)
- Fibronektin (2)
- Fingolimod (2)
- Fluktuation (2)
- Fluorescence Microscopy (2)
- Fluoreszenzaktivierter Zellsortierer (2)
- Fluoxetin (2)
- Foamy virus (2)
- Fortpflanzung (2)
- FoxO3 (2)
- FoxP3 (2)
- Foxp3 (2)
- Frequency (2)
- Frequenzanalyse (2)
- Friedreich-Ataxie (2)
- Frühdiagnostik (2)
- Frühe Neuzeit (2)
- Frühe akustisch evozierte Potentiale FAEP (2)
- Frühgeburt (2)
- Frühphase (2)
- Fundoplikatio (2)
- Fundusautofluoreszenz (2)
- Funktionelle Kernspintomografie (2)
- Funktionelle NMR-Tomographie (2)
- Furchtgeneralisierung (2)
- G protein-coupled receptors (2)
- G-Protein (2)
- GATA-3 (2)
- GDF-5 (2)
- GERD (2)
- GLAST (2)
- GLP-1 (2)
- GLT1 (2)
- GLUT1 (2)
- GLUT2 (2)
- GLaD-Studie (2)
- GLaD-study (2)
- GM-CSF (2)
- GMP (2)
- GPVI (2)
- GSK3 (2)
- GWAS (2)
- Galectine (2)
- Galvanische Abscheidung (2)
- Ganganalyse (2)
- Gastric-banding (2)
- Gastroschisis (2)
- Gastroösophageale Refluxkrankheit (2)
- Gastroösophagealer Reflux (2)
- Gaumen (2)
- Gaumenplatte (2)
- Gaumenspalte (2)
- Gedächtnis (2)
- Gefäßchirurgie (2)
- Gelelektrophorese (2)
- Gelenkpositionierung (2)
- Gemeinschaftsunterkunft (2)
- Gender (2)
- Gene therapy (2)
- Genetic instability (2)
- Genetics research (2)
- Genklonierung (2)
- Genom (2)
- Genomschaden (2)
- Genotyp (2)
- Gentechnologie (2)
- Gentransfer (2)
- Geriatrics (2)
- German Hepatitis C-Registry (2)
- Geschichte der Zahnheilkunde (2)
- Geschlechtschromosomen (2)
- Gesicht (2)
- Gesundheitssystem (2)
- Gesundheitswesen (2)
- Gewalt (2)
- Gewebe (2)
- Gewichtsabnahme (2)
- Glasfaserstift (2)
- Glatiramer acetate (2)
- Glatte Muskulatur (2)
- Gleason score (2)
- Gliedergürtelmuskeldystrophie (2)
- Glucose metabolism (2)
- Glucosetransporter (2)
- Glutamin (2)
- Glycin (2)
- Grad-seq (2)
- Graft-versus-leukemia (2)
- Gram-positive bacteria (2)
- Group B Streptococcus (2)
- Grundfrequenz (2)
- Guidelines (2)
- Guillain-Barre-Syndrome (2)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (2)
- Gynäkologie (2)
- HBV (2)
- HCM (2)
- HD (2)
- HDGF (2)
- HES (2)
- HFQ (2)
- HFrEF (2)
- HIV-infection (2)
- HIVDR (2)
- HLA-E (2)
- HPA axis (2)
- HPP (2)
- HRV (2)
- HSC (2)
- HSM-sentence test (2)
- HSM-test (2)
- HUWE1 (2)
- HaCaT (2)
- Haftvermittler (2)
- Halacha (2)
- Halcyon (2)
- Hallux (2)
- Halothane (2)
- Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde (2)
- Hamburg (2)
- Haplotyp (2)
- Harnableitung (2)
- Harnwegsinfekt (2)
- Harnwegsinfektionen (2)
- Harris Hip Score (2)
- Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis (2)
- Hauttumor (2)
- HeLa cells (2)
- Head orthosis therapy (2)
- Heart Failure (2)
- Hebamme (2)
- Helkimo (2)
- Hemmstoff (2)
- Heparin (2)
- Hereditäres Angioödem (2)
- Hernia (2)
- Hernienchirurgie (2)
- Herpes (2)
- Herpesvirus (2)
- Herzdekompensation (2)
- Herzkrankheit (2)
- Heterotope Ossifikation (2)
- Heterotransplantation (2)
- Heubacillus (2)
- Hfq (2)
- Hip (2)
- Hippo signaling (2)
- Hirndruck (2)
- Hirninfarkt (2)
- Hirnstammimplantat (2)
- Histon-Deacetylase (2)
- History of Psychiatry (2)
- Hitzeschock (2)
- Hochfrequenz-Oszillations-Ventilation (2)
- Hodenhochstand (2)
- Hodgkin (2)
- Hormon (2)
- Hospitalismus <Hygiene> (2)
- Hospitalization (2)
- Hospiz (2)
- Hsp90 (2)
- Huh6 (2)
- Human papillomavirus (2)
- Humorale Immunität (2)
- Hyaluronic acid (2)
- Hydrocephalus (2)
- Hydroxybutyrat <3-> (2)
- Hydroxyethylstärke (2)
- Hyperandrogenämie (2)
- Hypercholesterinämie (2)
- Hyperekplexie (2)
- Hyperkapnie (2)
- Hypertherme Chemotherapie (2)
- Hypertrophy (2)
- Hypoparathyreoidismus (2)
- Hypopharynx (2)
- Hypopharynxkarzinom (2)
- Hypoxia (2)
- Hämatopoese (2)
- Hämochromatose (2)
- Hämodiafiltration (2)
- Hämoglobinaddukte (2)
- Hämophilie A (2)
- Höckerdeformation (2)
- Höranstrengung (2)
- Hörbahn (2)
- Hören (2)
- Hörsturz (2)
- Hüftdysplasie (2)
- Hüfte (2)
- IABP (2)
- IENFD (2)
- IGF-1 (2)
- IGF-I (2)
- IKZF1 (2)
- IL-12 (2)
- IL-1β (2)
- IL-8 (2)
- ILEX (2)
- IMAT (2)
- IPOS (2)
- ISGF3 (2)
- ISRE (2)
- ISS (2)
- Identification (2)
- Idiopathische pulmonale Fibrose (2)
- IgG (2)
- IgG4 (2)
- Ileus (2)
- Image Quality (2)
- Image-guidance (2)
- Imatinib (2)
- Immunaktivierung (2)
- Immuncheckpointinhibitor (2)
- Immunglobulin M (2)
- Immunhistologie (2)
- Immunological synapse (2)
- Immunrekonstitution (2)
- Impedanz (2)
- Impfstoff (2)
- Implantate (2)
- Implizites Gedächtnis (2)
- In-situ-Venenbypass (2)
- Incidentaloma (2)
- Indian Hedgehog (2)
- Induced apoptosis (2)
- Infarkt (2)
- Infarktheilung (2)
- Infections (2)
- Infectious disease (2)
- Infektiologie (2)
- Infektionen (2)
- Infektionsbiologie (2)
- Inferior colliculus (2)
- Inflammasom (2)
- Inflammatory pain (2)
- Inhibitorische Synapse (2)
- Inhibitory synapse (2)
- Injectability (2)
- Injury Severity Score (2)
- Inkontinenz (2)
- Innervation (2)
- Instabilität (2)
- Insulinresistenz (2)
- Intensitätsmodulierte Radiotherapie (2)
- Intensivkapazitäten (2)
- Interaktion (2)
- Interaktionen (2)
- Interaktionsanalyse (2)
- Interleukin (2)
- Interleukin 13 (2)
- Interleukin 2 (2)
- Interleukin 3 (2)
- Interleukin 4 (2)
- Interleukin-3 (2)
- Intimahyperplasie (2)
- Intravenös (2)
- Intubation (2)
- Invasive Aspergillose (2)
- Inzidenz <Medizin> (2)
- Iod (2)
- Ioflupane (2)
- Ionisierende Strahlung (2)
- Ischemia (2)
- Ischämischer Schlaganfall (2)
- JIA (2)
- JQ1 (2)
- KEAP1 (2)
- KLRG1 (2)
- KLT (2)
- Kallikrein-Kinin-System (2)
- Kalorimetrie (2)
- Kandidatengene (2)
- Kaninchen (2)
- Kanzerogenese (2)
- Kaposi sarcoma (2)
- Kapselshift (2)
- Kardiogener Schock (2)
- Kardiomyozyten (2)
- Kardiovaskuläre Krankheit (2)
- Kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren (2)
- Karzinomzellen (2)
- Kaukraft (2)
- Kehlkopf (2)
- Keimspektrum (2)
- Keimzellmosaik (2)
- Keimzentrum (2)
- Keramik (2)
- Keratokonus (2)
- Kernproteine (2)
- Ketogenic diet (2)
- Keuchhusten (2)
- Ki-67 (2)
- Ki67 (2)
- Kidney function (2)
- Kidney transplantation (2)
- Kiefergelenkkrankheit (2)
- Kieferorthopädische Drähte (2)
- Kieferosteonekrose (2)
- Kieferspalte (2)
- Kinderfuß (2)
- Kinderpsychiatrie (2)
- Kinderschuh (2)
- Kinderschutz (2)
- Kindertagesstätte (2)
- Kindesmisshandlung (2)
- Klassifikation der endogenen Psychosen (2)
- Kleinhirn (2)
- Klinik (2)
- Klinische Psychotherapie (2)
- Klinische Studie (2)
- Knie (2)
- Knochenbildung (2)
- Knochendefekt (2)
- Knochenersatzmaterialien (2)
- Knochenersatzwerkstoff (2)
- Knochenkleber (2)
- Knochenmarktransplantation (2)
- Knochenmarkzelle (2)
- Knochennekrose (2)
- Knockdown (2)
- Knorpelintegration (2)
- Knorpelzelle (2)
- Koffein (2)
- Kohäsivfraktur (2)
- Kollagenase (2)
- Komfortlaut (2)
- Komplementärmedizin (2)
- Kompressionstherapie (2)
- Konditionierung (2)
- Konflikterkennung (2)
- Kongestive Herzmuskelkrankheit (2)
- Konservierende Zahnmedizin (2)
- Kontamination (2)
- Kontext (2)
- Kopf (2)
- Kopf-Hals-Karzinom (2)
- Kopf-Hals-Tumore (2)
- Koronarangiographie (2)
- Koronarintervention (2)
- Koronarperfusion (2)
- Korrosion (2)
- Kosmetik (2)
- Kosten (2)
- Kraftmessung (2)
- Kraniostenose (2)
- Krankheit (2)
- Krankheitsverlauf (2)
- Krebskranker (2)
- Kreuzreaktivität (2)
- Kritische Extremitätenischämie (2)
- Kulturmedium (2)
- Kunstkopf (2)
- Körperselbstgefühl (2)
- Körpertherapie (2)
- LAD (2)
- LC-MS (2)
- LDL (2)
- LDL cholesterol (2)
- LORETA (2)
- Laborleistungstests (2)
- Laborparameter (2)
- Lagerungsplagiocephalus (2)
- Langerhansinseln (2)
- Langzeit (2)
- Laryngoskop (2)
- Lasiocarpin (2)
- Latenz (2)
- Laufverletzungen (2)
- Lauge-Hansen (2)
- Lebenssinn (2)
- Lebermetastase (2)
- Leberresektion (2)
- Leishmania major (2)
- Leistenhernie (2)
- Leistungsdiagnostik (2)
- Leitlinie (2)
- Leitlinien (2)
- Lendenwirbelsäule (2)
- Lepra (2)
- Letalität (2)
- Leukoplakie (2)
- Leukozyt (2)
- Leukämie (2)
- Lichen ruber planus (2)
- Lichtheimia (2)
- Lichthärtung (2)
- Ligamentum cruciatum anterius (2)
- Ligand (2)
- Linksventrikuläre Hypertrophie (2)
- Lipodystrophie (2)
- Lipofuscin (2)
- Lipopolysaccharide (2)
- Lippenspalte (2)
- Listeria monocytogenes (2)
- Locus coeruleus (2)
- Lokalanästhesie (2)
- Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) (2)
- Lung (2)
- Lung cancer (2)
- Lungenfibroblasten (2)
- Lungenfunktionsdiagnostik (2)
- Lungenmetastase (2)
- Lungwitz (2)
- Lyme-Krankheit (2)
- Lymphadenektomie (2)
- Lymphoma (2)
- Lysosomale Speicherkrankheit (2)
- Lysozym (2)
- MACC1 (2)
- MALDI-MS (2)
- MALT (2)
- MALT-lymphoma (2)
- MASK (2)
- MATQ-seq (2)
- MBP (2)
- MCC950 (2)
- MCP-1 (2)
- MDD (2)
- ME/CFS (2)
- MEK (2)
- MHC I (2)
- MHC Klasse II (2)
- MHC molecules (2)
- MIF (2)
- MIS (2)
- MIZ1 (2)
- MK801 (2)
- MLST (2)
- MMP9 (2)
- MPS1 (2)
- MR (2)
- MRONJ (2)
- MSI (2)
- MUS (2)
- MYCN (2)
- Magenchirurgie (2)
- Magenkarzinom (2)
- Magnesiumphosphat (2)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2)
- Magnetische Kernresonanz (2)
- Malawi (2)
- Malignant Hyperthermia (2)
- Malignant melanoma (2)
- Mangelgeborenes (2)
- Mantelzell-Lymphom (2)
- Mantle cell lymphoma (2)
- Massenspektrometrie (2)
- Mastdarmkrebs (2)
- Matrixmetalloproteinasen (2)
- Mc4r (2)
- Mechanische Eigenschaft (2)
- Mechanosensation (2)
- Medikamente (2)
- Medizingeschichte <Fach> (2)
- Medizinische Klinik (2)
- Medizinkritik (2)
- Medizinphysik (2)
- Medizinstudium (2)
- Medullärer Schilddrüsenkrebs (2)
- Medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom (2)
- Melanin (2)
- Melt electrowriting (2)
- Memantin (2)
- Membrane transporters (2)
- Membrantransporter (2)
- Memory B cells (2)
- Mena (2)
- Meningeom (2)
- Meningioma (2)
- Meningoencephalitis (2)
- Menière-Krankheit (2)
- Menopause (2)
- Merkel cell polyomavirus (2)
- Merlin (2)
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell (2)
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (2)
- Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (2)
- Mesenteric circulation (2)
- Messenger-RNS (2)
- Met (2)
- Metaanalyse (2)
- Metabolic activation (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Metabolom (2)
- Metalloproteinasen (2)
- Metastatic breast cancer (2)
- Methionin-Restriktion (2)
- Metoprolol (2)
- MicroRNA (2)
- Microcirculation (2)
- Microglia (2)
- Microscopy (2)
- Migrationsanalyse (2)
- Mikroarray (2)
- Mikrochirurgie (2)
- Mikronukleus (2)
- Mikrosatellit (2)
- Mikrosatelliten (2)
- Mikrosatellitenanalyse (2)
- Mikrotubulus (2)
- Mikrozirkulation (2)
- Milz (2)
- Mineralisation (2)
- Mineralokortikoidrezeptor (2)
- Minipig (2)
- Minisequenzierung (2)
- Mitochondria (2)
- Mitose (2)
- Mitotane (2)
- Mitoxantron (2)
- Mitralinsuffizienz (2)
- Molecular biology (2)
- Molekulare Bildgebung (2)
- Monoaminoxidase (2)
- Monocytes (2)
- Monozyten-Makrophagen-System (2)
- Morbus Alzheimer (2)
- Morbus Basedow (2)
- Morbus Menière (2)
- Morphology (2)
- Mosaik (2)
- Motorischer Cortex (2)
- Mouse model (2)
- Multilayer-Zirkoniumdioxidkeramiken (2)
- Multimorbidität (2)
- Multiplex-PCR (2)
- Multiresistenz (2)
- Multivariate analysis (2)
- Mund- (2)
- Mund-Kiefer-Gesichtsbereich (2)
- Mundgesundheit (2)
- Mundhygiene (2)
- Mundhöhlenkarzinom (2)
- Mundhöhlenkrebs (2)
- Muscarinrezeptor (2)
- Muscle (2)
- Musikwahrnehmung (2)
- Muskelatrophie (2)
- Mutationsanalyse (2)
- Muttermilch (2)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2)
- Mycophenolatmofetil (2)
- Myeloma (2)
- Myokardischämie (2)
- Myokardperfusion (2)
- Myosin (2)
- Männer (2)
- Mäuse (2)
- N-formyl peptides (2)
- NEUROWIND (2)
- NF-KAPPA-B (2)
- NFkappaB (2)
- NHL (2)
- NK-cells (2)
- NMDA-Antagonist (2)
- NMDAR (2)
- NMOSD (2)
- NMR-Bildgebung (2)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (2)
- NMR-tomography (2)
- NO-Synthase (2)
- NOAC (2)
- NONO (2)
- NOS (2)
- NOTCH (2)
- NPSR1 (2)
- NS-Zeit (2)
- NSAID (2)
- Nachbehandlung (2)
- Nachkriegszeit (2)
- Nah-Infrarot-Spektroskopie (2)
- Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (2)
- Naht (2)
- Nanoparticles (2)
- Narkoseeinleitung (2)
- Narkosezwischenfall (2)
- Nase (2)
- Natriumkanal (2)
- Navigation (2)
- Nebenniereninsuffizienz (2)
- Nebennierenkrise (2)
- Nebennierenrindencarcinom (2)
- Nebenschilddrüsen (2)
- Necrosis (2)
- Neisseria (2)
- Neisseria lactamica (2)
- Nephrektomie (2)
- Nephrologie (2)
- Nervenbiopsie (2)
- Nervenblockade (2)
- Nervenregeneration (2)
- Nervenstimulation (2)
- Nervus facialis (2)
- Nervus recurrens (2)
- Netz (2)
- Neugeborenen-Hörscreening (2)
- Neuroborreliose (2)
- Neuroendocrine Tumor (2)
- Neurofibromatose (2)
- Neuroimmunologie (2)
- Neuromelanin (2)
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (2)
- Neuropathic Pain (2)
- Neuropathic pain (2)
- Neurophysiologie (2)
- Neuroprotektion (2)
- Neuropsychologie (2)
- Neuroregeneration (2)
- Neuroscience (2)
- Neurotrophe Faktoren (2)
- Neurotrophine (2)
- Neurowissenschaften (2)
- Neutropenie (2)
- Neutrophil (2)
- Neutrophile (2)
- Neutrophils (2)
- Nevirapin (2)
- Newberyit (2)
- Newborn Hearing Screening (2)
- Nfatc1 (2)
- Nichtionisierende Strahlung (2)
- Nicotin (2)
- Nicotinamid-N-Methyltransferase (2)
- Nicotine (2)
- Nissen (2)
- Nitric oxide (2)
- Non-coding RNAs (2)
- Normalwert (2)
- Notarzt (2)
- Nozizeption (2)
- Nozizeptor (2)
- Nucleus accumbens (2)
- Nude-mice (2)
- Nystagmus (2)
- OAA/S (2)
- OAT1 (2)
- OSAS (2)
- Oberes Sprunggelenk (2)
- Oberkiefer (2)
- Obstrucive sleep apnoea (2)
- Obstruktives Schlafapnoe Syndrom (2)
- Ochratoxin A (2)
- Off-Pump (2)
- Ohrgeräusch (2)
- Okklusionsstörung (2)
- Oldenburger Satztest (2)
- Olea (2)
- Omphalocele (2)
- Onchozerkose (2)
- Optimierung (2)
- Optogenetik (2)
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma (2)
- Organerhalt (2)
- Organtransplantation (2)
- Ostdeutschland (2)
- Osteochondrosis dissecans (2)
- Osteogene Differenzierung (2)
- Osteogenese (2)
- Osteoporosis (2)
- Outcome survey (2)
- Ovarialkarzinom (2)
- Overdrainage (2)
- Oxidative stress (2)
- Oxygen (2)
- P-glycoprotein (2)
- P50 (2)
- PARK2 (2)
- PDGF (2)
- PDZ-Domain (2)
- PDZ-Domäne (2)
- PEEK (2)
- PEG (2)
- PERG (2)
- PHQ-9 (2)
- PIK3R1 (2)
- PIP2 (2)
- PKB (2)
- PLC (2)
- PML (2)
- PP2A (2)
- PPAR (2)
- PPGL (2)
- PRDI-BF1 (2)
- PROMM (2)
- PSMA I&T (2)
- PSMA-PET (2)
- PTCL (2)
- PTSD (2)
- Paclitaxel (2)
- Paediatric (2)
- Palliativbedarf (2)
- Pankreasfistel (2)
- Parameter (2)
- Parasite (2)
- Parkinson Disease (2)
- Parkinsonism (2)
- Parkinsons disease (2)
- Pathogenese (2)
- Pathogenitätsinsel (2)
- Pathogens (2)
- Pathophysiologie (2)
- Pathway (2)
- Patient education (2)
- Patientenbefragung (2)
- Patientenschulung (2)
- Pedometer (2)
- Pemphigoid (2)
- Peptidsynthese (2)
- Perifusion (2)
- Periodontitis (2)
- Perioperativer Verlauf (2)
- Permeabilität (2)
- Peroxisomen-Proliferator-aktivierter Rezeptor (2)
- Peyer's patch (2)
- Pflegeheim (2)
- Pflegeheimbewohner (2)
- Phakoemulsifikation (2)
- Pharmazie (2)
- Phase-II (2)
- Phobie (2)
- Phosphat (2)
- Phosphatasen (2)
- Phosphodiesterasehemmer (2)
- Phosphoglykolatphosphatase (2)
- Phosphorylation (2)
- Photodynamische Therapie (2)
- Phylogenie (2)
- Physical activity (2)
- Physiologie (2)
- Physiotherapie (2)
- Pikler (2)
- Placebo (2)
- Plasma (2)
- Plasmakallikrein (2)
- Plasmid (2)
- Plasmodium falciparum (2)
- Plastische Chirurgie (2)
- Plastizität (2)
- Platin (2)
- Plötzlicher Herztod (2)
- Polyglycidol (2)
- Polymerisationsschrumpfung (2)
- Polymerisationsverfahren (2)
- Polymorphism (2)
- Polymorphismen (2)
- Polyomaviren (2)
- Polyomavirus (2)
- Polyposis nasi (2)
- Port (2)
- Positron Emission Tomography (2)
- Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (2)
- Postkonditionierung (2)
- Potassium Channel (2)
- Presbyakusis (2)
- Prevention (2)
- Primary care (2)
- Progerie (2)
- Prognosis (2)
- Progredienzangst (2)
- Promoter (2)
- Proprioception (2)
- Prostaglandins (2)
- Proteaseinhibitor (2)
- Protein Kinase C (2)
- Protein-Protein-Interaktion (2)
- Proteininteraktion (2)
- Proteinkinase A (2)
- Proteinkinase B (2)
- Proteomanalyse (2)
- Prothesenlockerung (2)
- Protozoen (2)
- Proximaler Tubulus (2)
- Prädiktor (2)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2)
- Psychiatric disorders (2)
- Psychiatriegeschichte (2)
- Psychisch Kranker (2)
- Psychische Belastung (2)
- Psychische Störung (2)
- Psychobiologie (2)
- Psychologie (2)
- Psychoneuroimmunologie (2)
- Psychooncology (2)
- Psychophysik (2)
- Psychotherapy (2)
- Putamen (2)
- Pyrimidin-Synthese (2)
- Pyrosequenzierung (2)
- QST (2)
- QT-Zeit (2)
- Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse (2)
- RAD51C (2)
- RCC (2)
- RDI (2)
- REM (2)
- RGS2 (2)
- RIM101 (2)
- RN18 (2)
- RNA extraction (2)
- RNA splicing (2)
- RNA structure (2)
- RNA-Seq (2)
- ROCK (2)
- RSK (2)
- Rachen (2)
- Radialislappen (2)
- Radiatio (2)
- Radiation (2)
- Radiochirurgie (2)
- Radioligand binding (2)
- Radionuclide Therapy (2)
- Radionuklid (2)
- Radiosensibilisierung (2)
- Radiosensitivity (2)
- Radiosensitivität (2)
- Radiosynoviorthese (2)
- Radiotherapie (2)
- Raf kinases (2)
- Ramipril (2)
- Randdichtheit (2)
- Randomized controlled-trial (2)
- Rats (2)
- Raucher (2)
- Rauschen (2)
- Reanimation (2)
- Rebreathing (2)
- Receptor (2)
- Rechtsmedizin (2)
- Rectal cancer (2)
- Referenzwert (2)
- Refluxkrankheit (2)
- Regionalanästhesie (2)
- Regressionsanalyse (2)
- Regulatorische T-Lymphozyt (2)
- Rekrutierung (2)
- Rektumresektion (2)
- Relapse (2)
- Reliabilität (2)
- Remifentanil (2)
- Remission (2)
- Reoperation (2)
- Replikation (2)
- Reproductive toxicity (2)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (2)
- Resistance (2)
- Resonanz (2)
- Restenose (2)
- Resuscitation (2)
- Retrospektive Auswertung (2)
- Retrovirus (2)
- Rettungskette (2)
- Reverse Transkriptase (2)
- Rezeptorblocker (2)
- Rheumatism (2)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (2)
- Rhizopus (2)
- Rho (2)
- Rho-Proteine (2)
- Richtungsenthemmung (2)
- Richtungshören (2)
- Rimonabant (2)
- Risikoanalyse (2)
- Risk estimation (2)
- Risk factors (2)
- Rodents (2)
- Ropivacain (2)
- Rotavirus (2)
- Ruxolitinib (2)
- S. aureus (2)
- SARS‐CoV‐2 (2)
- SC-1 (2)
- SEM (2)
- SERT (2)
- SGA (2)
- SGLT (2)
- SGLT2 inhibitor (2)
- SGLT2 inhibitors (2)
- SHRSP (2)
- SLAP-Läsion (2)
- SLAP-lesion (2)
- SLC12A6 (2)
- SLX4 (2)
- SMAD signaling (2)
- SMFA-D (2)
- SNR (2)
- SPRED2 (2)
- SRT (2)
- SSRI (2)
- SSTR-RADS (2)
- STAT3 (2)
- STEMI (2)
- STIM2 (2)
- STR (2)
- STR profile (2)
- STS (2)
- SULT2A1 (2)
- SUV (2)
- Saccotomie (2)
- Salmonella typhi Ty21a (2)
- Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) (2)
- Salmonella/microsome assay (2)
- Salmonellosis (2)
- Sarkom (2)
- Sarkopenie (2)
- Satisfaction (2)
- Satztest (2)
- Sauerstoff (2)
- Sauerstoffkonzentration (2)
- Sauerstoffverbrauch (2)
- Schafmodell (2)
- Schallleitungsschwerhörigkeit (2)
- Schilddrüsenfunktionsstörung (2)
- Schilddrüsenkarzinom (2)
- Schilddrüsenoperation (2)
- Schilddrüsenvolumen (2)
- Schlaf (2)
- Schmerzchronifizierung (2)
- Schmerzfragebogen (2)
- Schockraumbehandlung (2)
- Schockraummanagement (2)
- Schreckreaktion (2)
- Schrittzähler (2)
- Schuppenflechte (2)
- Schwann cells (2)
- Schädel (2)
- Sectio caesarea (2)
- Sedierung (2)
- Sekundärglaukom (2)
- Sekundärkrankheit (2)
- Selbstwirksamkeit (2)
- Selenmangel (2)
- Sella turcica (2)
- Senescence (2)
- Senile Demenz (2)
- Sensibilität (2)
- Sensory Gating (2)
- Septischer Schock (2)
- Sequenzierung (2)
- Serotonerges System (2)
- Serotonin transporter (2)
- Serotonin-Reuptake-Hemmer (2)
- Serotonin-Transporter (2)
- Serotonintransporter (2)
- Serumkonzentration (2)
- Sexualität (2)
- Shigella flexneri (2)
- Sickerkissen (2)
- Signal transduction (2)
- Signalkette (2)
- Sildenafil (2)
- Silicones (2)
- Simulator (2)
- Simvastatin (2)
- Sindbisvirus (2)
- Skala (2)
- Skapulatransplantat (2)
- Skelett (2)
- Sklerodermie (2)
- Skorbut (2)
- Small bowel transplantation (2)
- Small fiber neuropathy (2)
- SnMP (2)
- Somatosensorisch evoziertes Potenzial (2)
- Sonic hedgehog (2)
- SonoVue (2)
- Soziale Unterstützung (2)
- Spalten (2)
- Speckle Tracking (2)
- Speichenbruch (2)
- Speiseröhre (2)
- Spektrofluorimetrie (2)
- Spezifität (2)
- Sphingomyelinphosphodiesterase (2)
- Spielfilm (2)
- Spiral-CT (2)
- Spiral-Computertomographie (2)
- Spirometrie (2)
- Spironolacton (2)
- Spondylodese (2)
- Sport (2)
- Sporttraumatologie (2)
- Sportverletzung (2)
- Sportverletzungen (2)
- Sprache-Rauschen-Verhältnis (2)
- Spracherwerbstörung (2)
- Spred-Proteine (2)
- Sprunggelenk (2)
- Sprunggelenksfrakturen (2)
- Squalius alburnoides (2)
- Src-Proteine (2)
- Stabilisierung von Plasmiden (2)
- Stammbaum (2)
- Standardisierung (2)
- Standardwerte (2)
- Stanzbiopsie (2)
- Stapedektomie (2)
- Stat3 (2)
- Sterbebegleitung (2)
- Sterbehilfe (2)
- Stereolithographie (2)
- Stereology (2)
- Stereotactic body radiotherapy (2)
- Stereotaxie (2)
- Steroide (2)
- Stickstoffdioxid (2)
- Stickstoffoxide (2)
- Strain (2)
- Streptozocin (2)
- Streptozotocin (2)
- Stressfasern (2)
- Stressreaktion (2)
- Stroke unit (2)
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (2)
- Sublay (2)
- Sucht (2)
- Suizid (2)
- Sulfadiazin (2)
- Sunitinib (2)
- Surveillance (2)
- Swine (2)
- Symptome (2)
- Synergie (2)
- Synergismus (2)
- Systematic review (2)
- Systematische Übersichtsarbeit (2)
- Systemic sclerosis (2)
- T Zellen (2)
- T cell development (2)
- T cell migration (2)
- T cell receptor excision circles (2)
- T-Cells (2)
- T-Helferzellen (2)
- T-Zell-Aktivierung (2)
- T-Zell-Lymphome (2)
- T-Zellmigration (2)
- TB (2)
- TCR (2)
- TCS (2)
- TDMT (2)
- TFCC (2)
- TGF beta (2)
- TGF-β (2)
- TGFβ signaling (2)
- TGFβ1 (2)
- TIMP-1 (2)
- TIP39 (2)
- TLR2 (2)
- TLR4 (2)
- TMD (2)
- TMS (2)
- TNBC (2)
- TNF alpha (2)
- TNFα (2)
- TRIB3 (2)
- TRP-Kanäle (2)
- TRPA1 (2)
- TRPC4 (2)
- TRRAP (2)
- TTFields (2)
- TVT (2)
- Tages-Nacht-Vergleich (2)
- Tagesklinik (2)
- Tamoxifen (2)
- Teilkrone (2)
- Temozolomide (2)
- Terahertzbereich (2)
- Terahertzstrahlung (2)
- Tetracalciumphosphat (2)
- Th1 (2)
- Th17 cells (2)
- Th2 (2)
- Thalamus (2)
- Therapeutisches Drug monitoring (2)
- Therapieplan (2)
- Therapieresistenz (2)
- Therapieziel (2)
- Thiazolidindione (2)
- Thioredoxin (2)
- Thioredoxinreduktase (2)
- Third molar (2)
- Thorax (2)
- Thrombolyse (2)
- Thrombozytenfunktion (2)
- Thrombus (2)
- Thymuskarzinome (2)
- Thyroid cancer (2)
- Tibia (2)
- Tibiakopf (2)
- Tibiakopfbruch (2)
- Tibiakopfimpressionsfraktur (2)
- Tibiaplateau (2)
- Tierversuch (2)
- Tissue (2)
- Titanium (2)
- Tocilizumab (2)
- Toleranzinduktion (2)
- Toll like receptors (2)
- Toll-like Rezeptoren (2)
- Toll-like receptors (2)
- Tonsille (2)
- Tooth Mousse (2)
- Topoisomerase I (2)
- Total hip arthroplasty (2)
- Trans-Spleißen (2)
- Transcriptome (2)
- Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (2)
- Transkatheter-Aortenklappenimplantation (2)
- Transkranielle Magnetstimulation (2)
- Transkranielle Sonographie (2)
- Transkranielle magnetische Stimulation (2)
- Transkranieller Ultraschall (2)
- Translation <Genetik> (2)
- Translational research (2)
- Transplantatentnahme (2)
- Transplantationsimmunologie (2)
- Transport (2)
- Transposon (2)
- Traumatologie (2)
- Tregs (2)
- Tregs (regulatory T cells) (2)
- Trisomie 21 (2)
- Troponin I (2)
- Trypanosoma (2)
- Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (2)
- Tubulin (2)
- Tumor Microenvironment (2)
- Tumor Treating Fields (2)
- Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) (2)
- Tumor-necrosis-factor (2)
- Tumoren (2)
- Tumorentstehung (2)
- Tumorpatienten (2)
- Tumorsuppressor-Gen (2)
- Tumortherapiefelder (2)
- Tumorvaccine (2)
- Tumorwachstum (2)
- Tumorzellen (2)
- Tumosuppresorgen (2)
- Tympanoplastik (2)
- Typ 2 (2)
- Typ 2-Diabetes (2)
- Tyrosinkinase (2)
- Tyrosinkinaseinhibitor (2)
- Tyrosinkinaseinhibitoren (2)
- Türkensattel (2)
- USP28 (2)
- Ulcerative colitis (2)
- Ulcus cruris (2)
- Ultrasound (2)
- Unfall (2)
- Unishunt (2)
- University Psychiatric Hospital Würzburg (2)
- Universitätsnervenklinik Würzburg (2)
- Unterkieferrekonstruktion (2)
- Uridin (2)
- Urinary tract infection (2)
- Urologie (2)
- Urteilsabgabe (2)
- Urteilsmethode (2)
- VAS (2)
- VCAM-1 (2)
- VFT (2)
- VLBW (2)
- VLBWI (2)
- VUR (2)
- Validität (2)
- Valproinsäure (2)
- Variants (2)
- Varizellen-Virus (2)
- Vasopressin (2)
- Vegetatives Nervensystem (2)
- Venlafaxin (2)
- Verbrennung (2)
- Verbundverhalten (2)
- Versorgungswünsche (2)
- Verteilung (2)
- Vestibularisstörung (2)
- Vestibulärer Schwindel (2)
- Viabilität (2)
- Vibrant Soundbridge (2)
- Vibrationstraining (2)
- Vickers-Härte (2)
- Videolaryngoskopie (2)
- Viral (2)
- Virchow Node (2)
- Virology (2)
- Virulenzfaktoren (2)
- Vitamin C (2)
- Vitrektomie (2)
- Vokalisierung (2)
- Volatile Anästhetika (2)
- Volumenregulation (2)
- Volumensubstitution (2)
- Volumentherapie (2)
- Vomiting (2)
- Vorlesung (2)
- Vorläuferzelle (2)
- Vorsprachliche Diagnostik (2)
- WHF (2)
- WHO (2)
- WSS (2)
- Wachstumsfaktor (2)
- Wachstumsverhalten (2)
- Wasserstoffperoxid (2)
- Weimarer Zeit (2)
- Weisheitszahnentfernung (2)
- Westdeutschland (2)
- Western blot (2)
- Western diet (2)
- Wilms tumour (2)
- Wnt (2)
- Working memory (2)
- Wurzelfüllung (2)
- Würzburg / Institut für Geschichte der Medizin (2)
- Würzburg / Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin (2)
- X-ray computed (2)
- Xenopus oocytes (2)
- Xerostomie (2)
- Xiphophorus (2)
- Xmrk (2)
- YB-1 (2)
- ZO-1 (2)
- Zahn (2)
- Zahnchirurgie (2)
- Zahnentwicklung (2)
- Zahnerhaltung (2)
- Zahnextraktion (2)
- Zahnimplantat (2)
- Zahnpasta (2)
- Zahnschmelz (2)
- Zeitgang-BERA (2)
- Zelle (2)
- Zellkern (2)
- Zellkulturmodell (2)
- Zelllinie (2)
- Zellskelett (2)
- Zellteilung (2)
- Zellzyklusanalyse (2)
- Zellzykluskontrolle (2)
- Zellzyklusregulation (2)
- Zementpaste (2)
- Zervixkarzinom (2)
- Zidovudin (2)
- Zinkoxid (2)
- Zirkoniumdioxid (2)
- Zirkoniumoxidkeramik (2)
- Zweitlinientherapie (2)
- Zwerchfellbruch (2)
- Zytokeratin (2)
- [177Lu]-DOTATATE/-DOTATOC (2)
- [68Ga] (2)
- [68Ga]PentixaFor (2)
- \(^{18}\)F-FDG (2)
- \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor (2)
- abdominal trauma (2)
- abnormalities (2)
- accelerometer-sensor (2)
- accumulation (2)
- acetaminophen (2)
- acetylcholine (2)
- acid ceramidase inhibitor ceranib-2 (2)
- acid sphingomyelinase (2)
- acoustic analysis of snoring sound (2)
- action monitoring (2)
- activity (2)
- activity-dependent slowing (2)
- acute leukemia (2)
- acute lung injury (2)
- acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2)
- acute lymphocytic leukaemia (2)
- acute myeloid leukaemia (2)
- acute myocardial infarction (2)
- adaptive immunity (2)
- adenomas (2)
- adenosine (2)
- adenosine diphosphate (2)
- adenosine receptor (2)
- adenovirus (2)
- adenylate cyclase toxin (2)
- adhesion molecule (2)
- adhesive (2)
- adhesive fracture (2)
- adhesive luting agent (2)
- adipocytes (2)
- adipogenic differentiation (2)
- adipose (2)
- adjuvant (2)
- adolescent (2)
- adrenal cancer (2)
- adrenal incidentaloma (2)
- adrenal tumors (2)
- adrenocortical adenoma (2)
- adrenocortical tumors (2)
- adult-onset (2)
- adulte Neurogenese (2)
- adverse drug reaction (2)
- adverse drug reactions (2)
- adverse effects (2)
- adversity (2)
- affective disorders (2)
- affektive Störungen (2)
- age-related (2)
- age-related hearing loss (2)
- agonistic antibodies (2)
- agreement (2)
- akutes Koronarsyndrom (2)
- akutes Nierenversagen (2)
- albumin (2)
- albuminuria (2)
- alcohol (2)
- algorithm (2)
- alignment (2)
- alliance (2)
- allocation (2)
- alloreactive T cells (2)
- allostatic load (2)
- alpaca (2)
- alpha-Oxidation (2)
- alpha-oxidation (2)
- altersabhängig (2)
- alveolar bone loss (2)
- alveolar echinococcosis (2)
- ambulant (2)
- amino acid restriction (2)
- amino acid transporter (2)
- amitriptyline (2)
- ampicillin (2)
- amplicon sequencing (2)
- amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis (2)
- anaesthesiology (2)
- anaesthetics (2)
- anandamide (2)
- anaplastic large cell lymphoma (2)
- androgen deprivation therapy (2)
- anesthetics (2)
- aneurysms (2)
- angeborenes Immunsystem (2)
- angioplasty (2)
- ankle fractures (2)
- antagonists (2)
- anti-tumor agents (2)
- antibody fusion proteins (2)
- antifungals (2)
- antigen presentation (2)
- antigen testing (2)
- antigenic variation (2)
- antigens (2)
- antioxidant (2)
- antioxidants (2)
- antisense RNA (2)
- antisense RNAs (2)
- antiviral treatment (2)
- anxiety-like behavior (2)
- app (2)
- archaea (2)
- arteriovenous loop (2)
- articular chondrocytes (2)
- aseptic loosening (2)
- aspiration (2)
- assistierte Reproduktion (2)
- assistive devices (2)
- assoziative Paarstimulation (2)
- asymmetry (2)
- atonia (2)
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2)
- attentional control (2)
- audiometry (2)
- auditory brainstem implant (2)
- augmentation (2)
- autism spectrum disorder (2)
- autograft (2)
- autoimmune encephalitis (2)
- autologe Stammzelltransplantation (2)
- autologous (2)
- autologous transplantation (2)
- autonomes Nervensystem (2)
- autosomal recessive (2)
- av-ECLA (2)
- avidity (2)
- axial length (2)
- axial vascularization (2)
- axonal degeneration (2)
- axonal transport (2)
- axons (2)
- azidothymidine (2)
- b-cells (2)
- bacillus subtilis (2)
- back pain (2)
- background noise (2)
- bacterial (2)
- bacterial infection (2)
- bacterial pathogens (2)
- bacteriophage (2)
- baghdadite (2)
- balanced steady state free precession (2)
- basal cell carcinoma (2)
- base of support (2)
- benzoquinones (2)
- beta cells (2)
- beta-Zellproliferation (2)
- beta-adrenerge Signalwege (2)
- beta-catenin (2)
- beta-cell (2)
- beta-oxidation (2)
- beta1-adrenergic receptor (2)
- biased signaling (2)
- binaural alternierende Sprachdarbietung nach Bocca und Calearo (2)
- binaural hearing (2)
- binaurally alternated speech presentation according to Bocca and Calearo (2)
- bioceramic (2)
- biodistribution (2)
- biodosimetry (2)
- biography (2)
- bioinorganic (2)
- biological sciences (2)
- biological techniques (2)
- biologics (2)
- biomaterials (2)
- biomechanical (2)
- biomedicine, general (2)
- biotechnology (2)
- bipolar affective disorder (2)
- bisulfite pyrosequencing (2)
- blastocyst (2)
- blastocysts (2)
- blinatumomab (2)
- blood coagulation (2)
- blood gas analysis (2)
- blood loss (2)
- blood nerve barrier (2)
- blood platelets (2)
- blood vessel (2)
- blood-brain barrier (BBB) model (2)
- blood-nerve barrier (2)
- blood–labyrinth barrier (2)
- bond strength (2)
- bone fractures (2)
- bone graft substitutes (2)
- bone imaging (2)
- bone loss (2)
- bone marrow edema (2)
- bone marrow immune-microenvironment (2)
- bone metastases (2)
- bone metastasis (2)
- bone morphogenetic proteins (2)
- bone remodeling (2)
- bone replacement material (2)
- bone tissue engineering (2)
- bortezomib (2)
- brain cancer (2)
- brain computer interface (2)
- brain disorders (2)
- brain endothelial cells (2)
- brain pathology (2)
- brain stem (2)
- breast carcinoma (2)
- breastfeeding (2)
- breath condensate (2)
- bronchoalveoläre Lavage (2)
- brushite (2)
- butyrophilin (2)
- c-MYC (2)
- c-Myc (2)
- c-myc (2)
- c-reactive protein (2)
- cEND (2)
- cadherins (2)
- calcification (2)
- calcium channel (2)
- calciumhydroxide (2)
- calipered (2)
- calorimetry (2)
- calpain (2)
- calprotectin (2)
- cancer cells (2)
- cancer diagnosis (2)
- cancer genetics (2)
- cancer imaging (2)
- cancer patients (2)
- cancer risk (2)
- cancers and neoplasms (2)
- candida (2)
- candida albicans (2)
- cannabinoids (2)
- capillary electrophoresis (2)
- carbohydrates (2)
- carbon dioxide (2)
- carcinogen (2)
- carcinogenesis (2)
- carcinoma cells (2)
- cardiac MRI (2)
- cardiac device (2)
- cardiac imaging (2)
- cardiac innervation imaging (2)
- cardiac magnetic resonance (2)
- cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (2)
- cardiac nerve (2)
- cardiac output (2)
- cardiac spectroscopy (2)
- cardiac transplantation (2)
- cardiogenetics (2)
- cardiogenic shock (2)
- cardiomyocyte (2)
- cardiovascular events (2)
- cardiovascular implantable electronic device (2)
- care (2)
- caregiver burden (2)
- caries (2)
- carotid atherosclerosis (2)
- carotid stenosis (2)
- carotid ultrasound (2)
- cartilage repair (2)
- caspase-3 (2)
- caspase-8 (2)
- catalase (2)
- cell (2)
- cell binding (2)
- cell cultures (2)
- cell cycle analysis (2)
- cell cycle and cell division (2)
- cell labeling (2)
- cell metabolism (2)
- cell of origin (2)
- cell signalling (2)
- central corneal thickness (2)
- central-nervous-system (2)
- cephalometry (2)
- cerebEND (2)
- cerebral autoregulation (2)
- cerebral blood flow (2)
- cerebral small vessel disease (2)
- cerebrovascular disorders (2)
- chaperone (2)
- checkpoint inhibitors (2)
- chick (2)
- childhood asthma (2)
- childhood obesity (2)
- chimeric antigen receptor (2)
- chirurgische Freilegung (2)
- chlamydia (2)
- chlamydia infection (2)
- chorioamnionitis (2)
- chromatin (2)
- chromosomal aberration (2)
- chromosomale Verlustanalyse (2)
- chromosome loss (2)
- chronic cerebrovascular disease (2)
- chronic hepatitis C (2)
- chronic myelogenous leukemia (2)
- chronic myeloid leukemia (2)
- chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (2)
- chronic rejection (2)
- chronic wounds (2)
- chronophin (2)
- chronotropic incompetence (2)
- chronotype (2)
- cigarette smoking (2)
- cisplatin (2)
- citrus (2)
- classification of endogenous psychosis (2)
- click chemistry (2)
- climate change (2)
- clinical genetics (2)
- clothing (2)
- coated vesicles (2)
- coatings (2)
- cochlea (2)
- cochlear nucleus (2)
- cognition (2)
- cognitive function (2)
- cohesive fracture (2)
- collective invasion (2)
- collybistin (2)
- colonization (2)
- colony-forming assay (2)
- combined therapy (2)
- comet-assay (2)
- comorbidities (2)
- comparability (2)
- complementary alternative medicine (2)
- complex regional pain syndrome (2)
- complexes (2)
- compliance (2)
- complication (2)
- compression therapy (2)
- conditioning (2)
- cone beam CT (2)
- conservative treatment (2)
- consolidation (2)
- contact activation system (2)
- contact-kinin system (2)
- contactin (2)
- context (2)
- continuous performance test (2)
- contractility (2)
- contrast (2)
- contrast agent (2)
- convection volume (2)
- conversion (2)
- copeptin (2)
- cord blood (2)
- coronary angiography (2)
- coronary artery bypass grafting (2)
- coronavirus (2)
- coronavirus disease 2019 (2)
- cortical activation (2)
- cortical neurons (2)
- corticosteroids (2)
- costimulation (2)
- cranio-corpo-graphy (2)
- craniopharyngioma (2)
- critically ill (2)
- cross-sectional studies (2)
- crown fracture (2)
- crying (2)
- cue-reactivity (2)
- cushion (2)
- cushioning (2)
- cusp deflection (2)
- cyclic nucleotides (2)
- cyclodextrin (2)
- cycloid psychoses (2)
- cyclophosphamide (2)
- cyclosporine (2)
- cytogenetics (2)
- cytokine expression (2)
- cytokine release (2)
- cytosol (2)
- dRNA-Seq (2)
- dabrafenib (2)
- daratumumab (2)
- dasatinib (2)
- data acquisition (2)
- database (2)
- death (2)
- decay (2)
- deformation (2)
- degree of stenosis (2)
- dehydroepiandrosterone (2)
- dendritische Zelle (2)
- density (2)
- dental trauma (2)
- dependent protein-kinase (2)
- depressive symptoms (2)
- depth of sedation (2)
- derivatives (2)
- dermatitis (2)
- detoxification (2)
- detrended fluctuation analysis (2)
- development of speech (2)
- diabetic neuropathy (2)
- diabetic retinopathy (2)
- diagnose (2)
- diagnostic medicine (2)
- dialysis adequacy (2)
- dialysis patients (2)
- diazepam (2)
- differential expression (2)
- differentiated thyroid carcinoma (2)
- differentiation potential (2)
- difficult airway (2)
- dilated cardiomyopathy (2)
- dilation (2)
- dimensions (2)
- dimethyl fumarate (2)
- diode (2)
- direct-acting antivirals (2)
- directionality (2)
- discriminant analysis (2)
- disease control (2)
- disease genetics (2)
- disease model (2)
- disease progression (2)
- disease severity (2)
- diseases of the nervous system (2)
- disorder (2)
- disorders (2)
- distale Radiusfraktur (2)
- distress (2)
- distribution (2)
- dogs (2)
- donor-site morbidity (2)
- dorsal root ganglion (2)
- dose reduction (2)
- dose response (2)
- double-blind (2)
- drug delivery (2)
- drug monitoring (2)
- dual-energy CT (2)
- dual-stage crosslinking (2)
- duchenne muscular dystrophy (2)
- dynamic (2)
- dysfunction (2)
- dysphagia (2)
- eHealth (2)
- ePTFE (2)
- early detection (2)
- early-life stress (2)
- edema (2)
- education for sustainable healthcare (2)
- effectiveness (2)
- elbow (2)
- electrical and electronic engineering (2)
- electroactive (2)
- electrochemical deposition (2)
- electroencephalogram (2)
- electrohydrodynamics (2)
- electron tomography (2)
- element (2)
- elongation (2)
- embodiment (2)
- embryonic stem cell (2)
- embryonic stem cells (2)
- embryos (2)
- emotion (2)
- emotion processing (2)
- emotions (2)
- empagliflozin (2)
- empowerment (2)
- emulsions (2)
- encapsulation (2)
- endochondral ossification (2)
- endodontics (2)
- endoglin (2)
- endothelial nitric oxide synthase (2)
- endotheliale Dysfunktion (2)
- endothelin-1 (2)
- endovascular therapy (2)
- endovascular treatment (2)
- endovaskulär (2)
- endurance exercise (2)
- energy intake (2)
- enoxaparin (2)
- enteric nervous system (2)
- enterica serovar typhimurium (2)
- environmental exposure (2)
- enzyme activation (2)
- enzyme inhibitors (2)
- epithelial (2)
- epitope (2)
- error-related negativity (2)
- erythropoietin (2)
- etiology (2)
- euthanasia (2)
- evoked potentials (2)
- evolutionary genetics (2)
- exact matching (2)
- executive function (2)
- executive functions (2)
- exercise intensity (2)
- expansion (2)
- experience (2)
- experimental models of disease (2)
- exposure (2)
- extinction (2)
- extracellular domain (2)
- extramedullary disease (2)
- extranodal (2)
- extrazelluläre Matrix (2)
- fMRI time series (2)
- fabry disease (2)
- facial nerve (2)
- factor H (2)
- factor XI (2)
- factor-I (2)
- familial DCM (2)
- family (2)
- fatty acid (2)
- fatty acid metabolism (2)
- fatty acids (2)
- fatty liver (2)
- fatty liver disease (2)
- fear extinction (2)
- fear of progression (2)
- feasibility (2)
- fecal incontinence (2)
- feedback (2)
- fetal programming (2)
- fever (2)
- fiber (2)
- fiber reinforcement (2)
- fibers (2)
- fibrin (2)
- fibrinogen (2)
- first pass (2)
- flexibility (2)
- flowcytometry (2)
- fluctuation (2)
- fluorescence resonance energy transfer (2)
- fluorescent probes (2)
- fluoroquinolones (2)
- fluoroscopy (2)
- foamy viruses (2)
- food allergy (2)
- foot (2)
- force (2)
- forensic anthropology (2)
- fracture area (2)
- fracture strength (2)
- free jejunal graft (2)
- frequency (2)
- functional analysis (2)
- functional characterization (2)
- functional genomics (2)
- functional near-infrared spectroscopy (2)
- functional neuroimaging (2)
- fundoplication (2)
- fungal infections (2)
- fungi (2)
- funktionelle Kernspintomographie (2)
- fused deposition modeling (FDM) (2)
- fusion and fission (2)
- gametocyte (2)
- gametogenesis (2)
- gamma-H2AX (2)
- gastric carcinoma (2)
- gastroenterology (2)
- gastrointestinal infections (2)
- gastrointestinal motility (2)
- gastrointestinale Motilität (2)
- gastrointestinale Tumore (2)
- gender gap (2)
- gene conversion (2)
- gene expression profiling (2)
- gene-expression (2)
- general anaesthesia (2)
- general practice (2)
- generalized anxiety disorder (2)
- generalized cerebral edema (2)
- genetic aberrations (2)
- genetic engineering (2)
- genetic polymorphisms (2)
- genetic risk (2)
- genetic susceptibility (2)
- genetic testing (2)
- genetische Aberrationen (2)
- genome sequence (2)
- genome sequencing (2)
- genome wide (2)
- genome-wide association study (2)
- genomic libraries (2)
- genomic organization (2)
- genotype-phenotype correlation (2)
- genotyping (2)
- germination (2)
- germline mutation (2)
- gestational diabetes (2)
- gestational diabetes mellitus (2)
- glial fate modulation (2)
- glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (2)
- globotriaosylceramide (2)
- glutathione (2)
- glycemic control (2)
- glycine (2)
- glycine receptor autoantibodies (2)
- glycoprotein Ib (2)
- glycoprotein receptor Ib (2)
- gp130 (2)
- grade 3B (2)
- graft (2)
- graft versus host disease (2)
- granules (2)
- granulocytes (2)
- growth factors (2)
- growth pattern (2)
- guanylyl cyclase (2)
- haemophilus influenzae (2)
- haemostasis (2)
- haplotype (2)
- harmonic imaging (2)
- head (2)
- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2)
- health care (2)
- health economics (2)
- health status (2)
- healthy volunteers (2)
- hearing impairment (2)
- hearing preservation (2)
- heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (2)
- heartfailure (2)
- heat (2)
- heat shock protein (2)
- heat shock response (2)
- helicobacter (2)
- helminths (2)
- hematologic malignancies (2)
- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2)
- heme oxygenase-1 (2)
- hemodynamics (2)
- hemoglobin (2)
- hemoglobin adducts (2)
- hepatic stellate cell (2)
- hepatitis B virus (2)
- hepatocellular carcinoma (2)
- hereditary angioedema (2)
- hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (2)
- hereditary hemochromatosis (2)
- herpes simplex virus (2)
- heterosis (2)
- hiPSC (2)
- hiatal hernia (2)
- high risk (2)
- high-dose chemotherapy (2)
- high-intensity interval training (2)
- high-pressure freezing/freeze substitution (2)
- high-risk prostate cancer (2)
- hip arthroplasty (2)
- hip dysplasia (2)
- hippocampal neurogenesis (2)
- hippocampal plasticity (2)
- histologic (2)
- histologisch (2)
- histometric (2)
- histometrisch (2)
- histone (2)
- histone variants (2)
- histopathology (2)
- history of dentistry (2)
- homologous recombination (2)
- hospital (2)
- hospitalization (2)
- hospitalizations (2)
- host-pathogen interactions (2)
- human adipose-derived stromal cells (2)
- human brain (2)
- human exposure (2)
- human genetics (2)
- human macrophages (2)
- human respiratory epithelial cells (2)
- humoral immunity (2)
- hydrocortisone (2)
- hyperactivity (2)
- hypersensitivity (2)
- hypogammaglobulinemia (2)
- hypopharynx (2)
- hypothermia (2)
- hypothyroidism (2)
- hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (2)
- iNOS (2)
- iPSC (2)
- iPSC-cardiomyocytes (2)
- iStent (2)
- ileocecal resection (2)
- illness (2)
- image analysis (2)
- image processing (2)
- image-guided radiation therapy (2)
- imaging the immune system (2)
- immune activation (2)
- immune cell infiltration (2)
- immune modulation (2)
- immune therapy (2)
- immunocytochemistry (2)
- immunodeficiency (2)
- immunoglobulin superfamily (2)
- immunoglobuline (2)
- immunoprecipitation (2)
- immunostaining (2)
- impedance (2)
- impedance spectroscopy (2)
- implantation (2)
- implants (2)
- in silico analysis (2)
- in vitro models (2)
- in vivo study (2)
- in-vitro fertilization (2)
- in-vitro-Modell (2)
- inactivation (2)
- incontinence (2)
- inducible nitric oxide synthase (2)
- induction (2)
- induction of tolerance (2)
- inebilizumab (2)
- infant cry (2)
- infection control (2)
- infectious diseases (2)
- infektion (2)
- inferior vena cava (2)
- infiltration (2)
- inflammatory cytokines (2)
- inflammatory neuropathy (2)
- inflammatory response (2)
- influenza A virus (2)
- informal caregiving (2)
- information (2)
- informed consent (2)
- inguinal hernia (2)
- inhibitory neurotransmission (2)
- inhibitory receptors (2)
- innate immune response (2)
- innervation (2)
- instrument (2)
- insulin receptor (2)
- insulin signaling (2)
- integrated stress response (2)
- intensity distribution (2)
- intensive care unit (2)
- interacts (2)
- interleukin 13 (2)
- interleukin 4 (2)
- interleukin 6 (2)
- interleukin-8 (2)
- interleukins (2)
- internal medicine (2)
- interventional radiology (2)
- intestinal epithelial barrier (2)
- intracerebral hemorrhage (2)
- intracranial bleeding (2)
- intracranial tumors (2)
- intrakranielle Tumoren (2)
- intraoperative imaging (2)
- intraoperative monitoring (2)
- invasive fungal infections (2)
- invasiveness (2)
- involvement (2)
- iodine (2)
- ion channel (2)
- ion channels (2)
- ipilimumab (2)
- iron oxide nanoparticles (2)
- ischemia reperfusion injury (2)
- ischemia-reperfusion injury (2)
- ischemic (2)
- ischemic penumbra (2)
- isocenter (2)
- isoforms (2)
- isolated rabbit lung (2)
- isoliert (2)
- isolierte Kaninchenlunge (2)
- isothermal titration calorimetry (2)
- isotopes (2)
- just noticeable difference (JND) (2)
- juvenile idiopathische Arthritis (2)
- jüdisches Recht (2)
- kardiale Hypertrophie (2)
- kidney cancer (2)
- kidney transplantation (2)
- kieferorthopädische Behandlung (2)
- kinase (2)
- kinase inhibitors (2)
- kinesin (2)
- klinische Studie (2)
- knee replacement (2)
- knock-out (2)
- kognitive Beeinträchtigung (2)
- kolorektale Karzinogenese (2)
- laboratory proficiency testing (2)
- lactation (2)
- lactose (2)
- language acquisition (2)
- language development (2)
- large T antigen (2)
- large vessel occlusion (2)
- laser surgery (2)
- late-onset (2)
- lateral cephalogram (2)
- laterale Verdichtung (2)
- laterality (2)
- left-ventricular function (2)
- leg ulcer (2)
- leishmania (2)
- length of stay (2)
- leprosy (2)
- lessons learned (2)
- levodopa (2)
- life events (2)
- life history (2)
- lifestyle (2)
- ligand binding (2)
- light curing (2)
- lineage (2)
- linkage analysis (2)
- lipid bilayer (2)
- lipodystrophy (2)
- liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2)
- liver metastases (2)
- liver metastasis (2)
- locomotion (2)
- locomotor adaptation (2)
- locus coeruleus (2)
- loneliness (2)
- long-term depression (2)
- long-term potentiation (2)
- long-term results (2)
- long-term survivors (2)
- longitudinal studies (2)
- longitudinal study (2)
- low profile (2)
- lower body (2)
- lower extremity (2)
- lung fibroblasts (2)
- lung-cancer (2)
- lungenprotektive Beatmung (2)
- lymph node (2)
- lymphocyte activation (2)
- lymphocyte differentiation (2)
- lymphomas (2)
- lyso-Gb3 (2)
- lysosome (2)
- mTOR (2)
- macrophage polarization (2)
- macular degeneration (2)
- magnesium (2)
- magnesium phosphate (2)
- major depressive disorder (2)
- major histocompatibility complex (2)
- malignant glaucoma (2)
- malocclusion (2)
- mammalian cells (2)
- mammalian genomics (2)
- mammography (2)
- mantle cell lymphoma (2)
- marcophages (2)
- marginal adaptation (2)
- marine sponges (2)
- marrow (2)
- mastocytosis (2)
- maternal exposure (2)
- mathematical modeling (2)
- matrix protein porin (2)
- measels virus (2)
- mechanical activation (2)
- mechanical properties (2)
- mechanism (2)
- mediastinitis (2)
- medical genetics (2)
- medical nutrition therapy (2)
- medical physics (2)
- medication (2)
- medullary thyroid cancer (2)
- megavoltage computed-tomography (2)
- meiosis (2)
- melanoma cells (2)
- melanomas (2)
- melatonin (2)
- mellitus (2)
- melody (2)
- membrane potential (2)
- membrane receptor signaling (2)
- membrane skeleton (2)
- men who have sex with men (2)
- menopause (2)
- mesenchymal stromal cell (2)
- messenger-RNA (2)
- metabolic disease (2)
- metabolomic profiling (2)
- metallic trace elements (2)
- metalloproteinase (2)
- metastasis-directed therapy (2)
- metastatic (2)
- methylprednisolone (2)
- miR-182-5p (2)
- miR-30 (2)
- miRNA processing (2)
- miRNAs (2)
- microRNA-221 (2)
- microbial rhodopsins (2)
- microbial spectrum (2)
- microcirculation (2)
- microfluidics (2)
- micronucleus (2)
- micronucleus assay (2)
- micronutrients (2)
- microparticles (2)
- microscopy (2)
- microtubules (2)
- microvascular complications (2)
- microvascular obstruction (2)
- microvasculature (2)
- midazolam (2)
- midwife (2)
- migration analysis (2)
- mikrovaskuläre Obstruktion (2)
- mild cognitive impairment (2)
- mindfulness (2)
- mind–body intervention (2)
- mineralocorticoid receptor (2)
- minimal invasive (2)
- minimalinvasiv (2)
- minisequencing (2)
- minocycline (2)
- mismatch (2)
- mitochondrial DNA (2)
- mitochondrial toxicity (2)
- mitosis (2)
- mixed hearing loss (2)
- mixed methods (2)
- mobile apps (2)
- mobility (2)
- modified CRP (2)
- modulation (2)
- molecular alterations (2)
- molecular characterization (2)
- molecular cloning (2)
- molecular diagnostics (2)
- molecular dynamics (2)
- molecular epidemiology (2)
- molecular mechanisms (2)
- molecular modeling (2)
- molecular subtypes (2)
- monoamine oxidase (2)
- monosyllabic words (2)
- monosyllabic words recognition test (2)
- mood (2)
- mosaicism (2)
- motivation (2)
- motoneuron (2)
- motor cortex (2)
- movement disorder (2)
- mucoepidermoid carcinoma (2)
- mucous membrane pemphigoid (2)
- multidrug resistance (2)
- multiple system atrophy (2)
- multiples Myelom (2)
- multisensory integration (2)
- multivariate data analysis (2)
- murine model (2)
- muscle disease (2)
- muscle force (2)
- musculoskeletal system (2)
- music (2)
- musical syntax (2)
- mutagenesis (2)
- mycobacteria (2)
- mycophenolic acid (2)
- myeloperoxidase (2)
- myocardial blood flow (2)
- myocardial sympathetic innervation imaging (2)
- myocardial work (2)
- myocardial-infarction (2)
- myocyte (2)
- myofibrillar myopathy (2)
- myokardiale Perfusion (2)
- myokines (2)
- myopathy (2)
- myosin (2)
- myosin heavy chain (2)
- nCRP (2)
- naloxone (2)
- nanomedicine (2)
- nasal epithelia (2)
- nasal mucosa (2)
- nasal polyps (2)
- natriuretic peptide (2)
- natural history (2)
- natural killer cell (2)
- natürliche Antikörper (2)
- navigation (2)
- neck circumference (2)
- necrotic cell death (2)
- neoadjuvant (2)
- neonatal (2)
- neonates (2)
- neovascularization, physiologic (2)
- nephroblastoma (2)
- nephron sparing surgery (2)
- nerve biopsy (2)
- nerve fibers (2)
- nerve fibres (2)
- nervous-system (2)
- neural (2)
- neural stem cell (2)
- neurite outgrowth (2)
- neuroborreliosis (2)
- neurodevelopmental disorders (2)
- neuroendocrine tumor (NET) (2)
- neurofilaments (2)
- neuronal (2)
- neuronal dendrites (2)
- neuronal network (2)
- neuronal nitric oxide synthase (2)
- neurophysiology (2)
- neuroplasticity (2)
- neuroregeneration (2)
- neurosphere (2)
- neurosurgery (2)
- neurotoxicity (2)
- neurotransmitter release (2)
- neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (2)
- neutrophil granulocytes (2)
- next generation sequencing (NGS) (2)
- niche (2)
- nilotinib (2)
- nivolumab (2)
- no reflow (2)
- nocturnal (2)
- node of Ranvier (2)
- non-invasive ventilation (2)
- non-ionizing radiation (2)
- non-responder (2)
- non-union (2)
- norepinephrine (2)
- nucleotide excision repair (2)
- nude-mice (2)
- object detection (2)
- obsessive-compulsive disorder (2)
- obstetrics (2)
- obstructive pulmonary disease (2)
- occupancy (2)
- occupational medicine/industrial medicine (2)
- octreotide (2)
- off-pump (2)
- older adults (2)
- olecranon (2)
- olfaction (2)
- olfactory epithelium (2)
- olfaktorisches Epithel (2)
- oligodendrocyte (2)
- oligorecurrence (2)
- olive (2)
- oncolysis (2)
- oncolytic virotherapy (2)
- onset (2)
- open abdomen (2)
- open bite (2)
- opioid peptides (2)
- optic nerve (2)
- optic neuritis (2)
- oral anticancer drugs (2)
- oral cavity (2)
- oral health (2)
- oral hygiene (2)
- orale Antikoagulation (2)
- orale Chemotherapie (2)
- organ-on-a-chip (2)
- organic cation transporter (2)
- orthesis (2)
- orthodontic (2)
- orthodontic treatment (2)
- orthognathic surgery (2)
- os akromiale (2)
- oscillation (2)
- osseointegration (2)
- osteoblasts (2)
- osteoclasts (2)
- osteogenic potential (2)
- osteopontin (2)
- osteotomy (2)
- otitis media (2)
- outer membrane protein (2)
- outpatient (2)
- outpatients (2)
- overall survival (2)
- overexpression (2)
- oxLDL (2)
- oxidation (2)
- oxygen consumption (2)
- oxygen uptake (2)
- p38 (2)
- p38 MAP kinase (2)
- pCO2 (2)
- pain therapy (2)
- pain-related evoked potentials (2)
- paired associative stimulation (2)
- palate (2)
- palliative (2)
- pancreatic carcinoma (2)
- panel sequencing (2)
- paraspeckles (2)
- parenteral nutrition (2)
- parkinson's disease (2)
- parotid gland (2)
- participation (2)
- passive smoking (2)
- passive transfer (2)
- patellar tendon (2)
- pathogenic bacteria (2)
- patient (2)
- patient reported outcome measures (2)
- patient safety (2)
- patient satisfaction (2)
- patient survival (2)
- patients (2)
- patterns of care (2)
- peer review (2)
- pelvic examination (2)
- pelvic palpation (2)
- pembrolizumab (2)
- pemphigus foliaceus (2)
- penicillin allergy (2)
- penicillin hypersensitivity (2)
- people (2)
- peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) (2)
- peptides (2)
- perfusion culture (2)
- perfusion imaging (2)
- pericytes (2)
- perineal (2)
- perineurium (2)
- perioperative care (2)
- peripartum (2)
- peripheral blood lymphocytes (2)
- peripheral blood mononuclear cells (2)
- peripheral nerve injury (2)
- peripheral neuropathy (2)
- peritoneal carcinomatosis (2)
- peroxisome (2)
- peroxisomes (2)
- personalised medicine (2)
- personality disorder (2)
- personality traits (2)
- personalized treatment (2)
- phacoemulsification (2)
- phaeochromocytoma (2)
- pharmaceutical applications (2)
- pharmacology/toxicology (2)
- pharmacotherapy (2)
- phase variation (2)
- phenotypic heterogeneity (2)
- phenprocoumon (2)
- phosphodiesterase inhibitor (2)
- photon-counting (2)
- photothrombosis (2)
- phylogenetic analysis (2)
- phylogeny (2)
- phytohormones (2)
- piperacillin/tazobactam (2)
- placebo-controlled trial (2)
- plaque (2)
- plasma proteins (2)
- plasminogen (2)
- plate (2)
- platelet physiology (2)
- platelet receptors (2)
- pleomorphic adenoma (2)
- pneumonia (2)
- point of care testing (2)
- point-of-care (2)
- polyadenylation (2)
- polycationic peptides (2)
- polycystic ovary syndrome (2)
- polymavirus (2)
- polymer processing (2)
- polymerization (2)
- polymyalgia rheumatica (2)
- polyphenols (2)
- pomalidomide (2)
- poor prognosis (2)
- population (2)
- population-based (2)
- pore formation (2)
- positional plagiocephaly (2)
- positioning device (2)
- positron emission tomography/computed tomography (2)
- postmenopausal women (2)
- postnatal development (2)
- postoperative Blutung (2)
- postoperative Nausea (2)
- postoperative Schmerzen (2)
- postoperative bleeding (2)
- postoperative complications (2)
- postoperative nausea and vomiting (2)
- postoperative pain (2)
- postoperative Übelkeit (2)
- posttranslational modifications (2)
- postural control (2)
- posture (2)
- potassium chloride co-transporter 3 (2)
- pre-messenger RNA (2)
- precancerous lesions (2)
- predictive marker (2)
- predictive markers (2)
- predictive value (2)
- predictors (2)
- prefrontal activity (2)
- premature (2)
- prenatal exposure (2)
- prenatal stress (2)
- presbycusis (2)
- preschool children (2)
- presynaptic inhibition (2)
- preterm birth (2)
- preterm infant (2)
- primary cells (2)
- primary healthcare (2)
- primary prevention (2)
- primärer Hyperaldosteronismus (2)
- principal component analysis (2)
- printed tooth (2)
- progenitor cells (2)
- progenitors (2)
- prognostische Faktoren (2)
- promoter polymorphism (2)
- propensity score matching (2)
- prophylaxis (2)
- prospektiv (2)
- prostaglandins (2)
- prostate-cancer (2)
- prostatectomy (2)
- prosthesis (2)
- protease inhibitors (2)
- protein adsorption (2)
- protein aggregation (2)
- protein kinase C (2)
- protein p8 (2)
- protein-coupled receptors (2)
- proteinuria (2)
- psychoeducation (2)
- psychopathology (2)
- psychotherapy (2)
- puberty (2)
- pulmonalarterieller Druck (2)
- pulmonale Hypertonie (2)
- pulmonary arterial pressure (2)
- punishment (2)
- purinergic receptors (2)
- pyridoxal phosphatase (2)
- pyrosequencing (2)
- qPCR (2)
- quality control (2)
- quality indicators (2)
- quantitative SPECT/CT (2)
- quantitative sensory testing (2)
- radial forearm flap (2)
- radiation pneumonitis (2)
- radiation therapy (2)
- radical prostatectomy (2)
- radii (2)
- radioiodine (2)
- radiopharmaceuticals (2)
- radiotherapy (RT) (2)
- radiotracer (2)
- radius (2)
- randomised controlled trial (2)
- randomized controlled-trial (2)
- randomized trial (2)
- rat heart (2)
- rat model (2)
- rate of recurrence (2)
- re-irradiation (2)
- reaction time (2)
- reactivity (2)
- real world evidence (2)
- real-time (2)
- receptor cluster (2)
- receptor expression (2)
- receptor tyrosine kinases (2)
- recognition (2)
- recombinant proteins (2)
- reconstructed human epidermis (2)
- rectal resection (2)
- rectum (2)
- recurrent nerve palsy (2)
- red blood cells (2)
- red fluorescent protein (2)
- reference values (2)
- reflux disease (2)
- regenerative capacity (2)
- register (2)
- regulatory T cell (2)
- regulatory t-cells (2)
- reinforcement learning (2)
- rejection (2)
- relaxation (2)
- remyelination (2)
- renal artery (2)
- renal disease (2)
- renal system (2)
- renal transplantation (2)
- reperfusion injury (2)
- replica (2)
- reporter gene (2)
- reproducibility (2)
- reproducibility of results (2)
- reproductive medicine (2)
- research (2)
- resection (2)
- resin composite (2)
- resolution (2)
- respiratory chain (2)
- respiratory distress index (2)
- respiratory syncytial virus (2)
- responding pattern (2)
- response regulator (2)
- restriction (2)
- restrictive cardiomyopathy (2)
- resveratrol (2)
- retinitis pigmentosa (2)
- retinoic acid (2)
- retropubic (2)
- retrospektive Analyse (2)
- retrovirus (2)
- reverse transcriptase inhibitors (2)
- reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (2)
- reward (2)
- rheumatoide Arthritis (2)
- ribavirin (2)
- rimonabant (2)
- risk assessment (2)
- risk score (2)
- robotic surgery (2)
- root-canal treatment (2)
- rotation (2)
- rtPA (2)
- running injuries (2)
- rupture (2)
- sGC (2)
- saccotomy (2)
- sacral nerve stimulation (2)
- salivary gland tumors (2)
- salvage (2)
- salvage radiotherapy (2)
- sample (2)
- sarcoma (2)
- satisfaction with life (2)
- scapula (2)
- schizophrenie (2)
- sciatic nerve (2)
- scientific guidelines (2)
- scoping review (2)
- scurvy (2)
- second hit (2)
- secretion systems (2)
- selection (2)
- selen (2)
- selenoprotein P (2)
- self-help (2)
- self-management (2)
- senile lymphoproliferation (2)
- septic (2)
- septic shock (2)
- sequence analysis (2)
- sequence motif analysis (2)
- serology (2)
- seroprevalence (2)
- serotonin transporter gene (2)
- severe sepsis (2)
- sex determination (2)
- sexual development (2)
- shedding (2)
- sheep (2)
- shiga toxin (2)
- shoulder pain (2)
- siRNA (2)
- sialyltransferase (2)
- signal to noise ratio (2)
- signal transduction pathway (2)
- signaling pathways (2)
- signalling (2)
- signalling pathways (2)
- signs and symptoms (2)
- silicone (2)
- simultaneous integrated boost (2)
- single-cell RNA-seq (2)
- sinusitis (2)
- sirolimus (2)
- sizing (2)
- skeletal dysplasia (2)
- skinned fiber (2)
- skull (2)
- sleep (2)
- sleeve gastrectomy (2)
- small bowel transplantation (2)
- small fiber pathology (2)
- small nucleolar RNAs (2)
- smoking cessation (2)
- smooth muscle cells (2)
- social support (2)
- sodium (2)
- sodium channels (2)
- sofosbuvir (2)
- soft tissue profile (2)
- solid tumors (2)
- solubility (2)
- somatostatin receptor (SSTR) (2)
- specific language impairment (2)
- speech (2)
- speech perception (2)
- speech reception (2)
- speech test (2)
- speech-noise-level (2)
- sperm DNA methylation (2)
- spherical pressfit cup (2)
- spheroids (2)
- sphingosine kinase inhibitor SKI-II (2)
- sphärische Pressfit-Pfanne (2)
- spider phobia (2)
- spinal cord injury (2)
- spinal-cord-injury (2)
- spiral ganglion neuron (2)
- spironolactone (2)
- split-belt treadmill (2)
- spumavirus (2)
- standard (2)
- stem (2)
- stem cell (2)
- stereotactic body radiotherapy (2)
- stereotaktische Bestrahlung (2)
- stomach (2)
- strategies (2)
- stratification (2)
- streptozotocin (2)
- stress fibers (2)
- stress resilience (2)
- stress resistance (2)
- stress signaling (2)
- stroke care (2)
- stroke unit (2)
- stroma (2)
- structure-activity (2)
- structure-activity relationships (2)
- structured illumination microscopy (2)
- student training (2)
- study (2)
- subcutaneous animal model (2)
- substantia nigra pars compacta (2)
- suicide (2)
- sulfates (2)
- supportive care (2)
- suppressor cells (2)
- surface coating (2)
- surface modification (2)
- surgical exposure (2)
- surgical site infection (2)
- surgical therapy (2)
- surveillance (2)
- survival analysis (2)
- survival rates (2)
- survivors (2)
- sustained fear (2)
- sustained inflammation (2)
- sweat osmolality (2)
- sweat secretion rate (2)
- swimming (2)
- symptom control (2)
- synapse formation (2)
- synapses (2)
- synaptische Plastizität (2)
- syndrome (2)
- synergism (2)
- system (2)
- systems (2)
- targeting (2)
- telemetry (2)
- temporal bone (2)
- temporal-lobe epilepsy (2)
- temporomandibular disorders (2)
- tensile strength (2)
- terahertz radiation (2)
- terminale Niereninsuffizienz (2)
- testing (2)
- tetracalciumphosphate (2)
- textile (2)
- therapiefreies Intervall (2)
- thorax (2)
- three-dimensional (2)
- three-dimensional printing (2)
- thromboinflammation (2)
- thrombopoiesis (2)
- thyroid gland (2)
- thyroid volume (2)
- time perception (2)
- time series (2)
- timing (2)
- tissue saturation index (2)
- titanium (2)
- tnf (2)
- tocilizumab (2)
- tolerability (2)
- tooth (2)
- topography (2)
- total joint arthroplasty (2)
- toxin (2)
- toxins (2)
- tracer (2)
- trachea (2)
- tracheotomy (2)
- trafficking (2)
- training (2)
- trans-Golgi network (2)
- trans-splicing (2)
- transcriptional regulation (2)
- transformative education (2)
- transgene Ratten (2)
- transgenic (2)
- transgenic mouse (2)
- transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (2)
- transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (2)
- transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) (2)
- translation initiation (2)
- transposition (2)
- trauma (2)
- trauma care (2)
- treatment guidelines (2)
- treatment options (2)
- treatment outcome (2)
- treatment resistance (2)
- treatment response (2)
- trichoblastoma (2)
- triple-negative breast cancer (2)
- tryptophan (2)
- tuberculosis (2)
- tubulin (2)
- tumor growth (2)
- tumor immunity (2)
- tumor immunology (2)
- tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (2)
- tumor necrosis factor-α (2)
- tumor suppressor gene (2)
- tumormicroenvironment (2)
- tumour (2)
- tumour immunology (2)
- type I interferon (2)
- type VII secretion system (2)
- tyrosine kinase (2)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (2)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2)
- ulcerative colitis (2)
- ultrasound contrast agent (2)
- unexpressed needs (2)
- unilateral (2)
- universal prevention (2)
- untranslated exons (2)
- untranslatierte Exons (2)
- up-regulation (2)
- upper extremity (2)
- uremic toxin (2)
- urinary tract infection (2)
- urticaria (2)
- utilization (2)
- variability (2)
- variant surface glycoprotein (2)
- variants (2)
- vascular access (2)
- vascular disease (2)
- vasoconstriction (2)
- vemurafenib (2)
- venous system (2)
- vesicles (2)
- vestibular dysfunction (2)
- vestibulär evozierte Potentiale (2)
- video analysis (2)
- video laryngoscopy (2)
- viral replication (2)
- virology (2)
- virotherapy (2)
- virus reactivation (2)
- viscosity (2)
- visual evoked potentials (2)
- visualization (2)
- vitamin D deficiency (2)
- vitamins (2)
- vitrectomy (2)
- volatile Anästhetika (2)
- volume regulation (2)
- voluntary movement (2)
- voxel-based morphometry (2)
- walking (2)
- warfarin (2)
- wear (2)
- white blood cells (2)
- women (2)
- work capacity evaluation (2)
- xerostomia (2)
- yoga (2)
- young children (2)
- zirconia (2)
- zonal (2)
- zykloide Psychose (2)
- Änderung (2)
- Ösophagus (2)
- Überlebensanalyse (2)
- γδ T cell (2)
- γδ T cells (2)
- "Familiär-sporadisch"- Konzept (1)
- (+)-limonene (1)
- (Mouse L-cell) (1)
- (Rat brain membrane) (1)
- (Rat liver) (1)
- (Salmonella) (1)
- (cardiac) surgery (1)
- (classical and atypical) Werner syndrome (1)
- .................................................................... (1)
- /immunofluorescence (1)
- 0 (1)
- 0 antigen (1)
- 1,2-benzisothiazolinone (1)
- 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D\(_{3}\) (1)
- 1-Methylnicotinamid (1)
- 11-beta-Hydroxylase (1)
- 11C-Hydroxyephedrine (1)
- 11C-Methionine PET/CT (1)
- 11C-hydroxyephedrine (1)
- 120 kDa Protein (1)
- 120 kDa protein (1)
- 123I-Ioflupane (1)
- 131I (1)
- 133Ba (1)
- 13C-Methacetin-Atemtest (1)
- 14.7K (1)
- 1490 (1)
- 15-Deoxyspergualin (1)
- 16S (1)
- 16S rRNA (1)
- 16S rRNA Sequenzanalyse (1)
- 16S rRNA analyses (1)
- 16S-rDNA (1)
- 16S-rRNA (1)
- 16q22 (1)
- 177Lu (1)
- 177Lu SPECT/CT imaging (1)
- 177Lu-DOTATATE (1)
- 177Lu-DOTATOC (1)
- 177Lu-OPS201 (1)
- 17ßEstradiol (1)
- 18-F-fluorothymidine uptake (1)
- 18. Jahrhundert (1)
- 18F-DCFPL (1)
- 18F-flurpiridaz (1)
- 18FDG-PET/CT (1)
- 18FFBnTP (1)
- 18q21.1 (1)
- 18th century (1)
- 19. Century (1)
- 1950er (1)
- 1H-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) (1)
- 1p36 deletion syndrome (1)
- 1st-line treatment (1)
- 2 PM (1)
- 2 Tesla (1)
- 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (1)
- 2- deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (1)
- 2-APB (1)
- 2-Acetylaminofluorene (1)
- 2-Aminoethylphosphonic acid (1)
- 2-DG (1)
- 2-Dichloroethane (1)
- 2-Dioxetane (1)
- 2-Generation reproduction (1)
- 2-Stunden-Monitoring (1)
- 2-acetylaminofluorene (1)
- 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (1)
- 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-sorbitol (1)
- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (1)
- 2-dimensional speckle tracking (1)
- 2-dimensional strain (1)
- 2-h-monitoring (1)
- 2-photon microscopy (1)
- 2-pore potassium channel (1)
- 2-step IMRT (1)
- 2015 (1)
- 212-2 (1)
- 21q22.2-q22.3 (1)
- 223Ra (1)
- 224Ra (1)
- 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (1)
- 23Na- NMR (1)
- 23Na-NMR (1)
- 24-Hydroxylase Promotoranalyse (1)
- 25-hydroxycholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (1)
- 27.9c (1)
- 28 (1)
- 2D (1)
- 2D-SPLASH (1)
- 2D-perfusion angiography (1)
- 2p16.3 (1)
- 3 D bioprinting (1)
- 3 D rotational fluoroscopy (1)
- 3 Tesla (1)
- 3 dimensional cell culture model (1)
- 3 fucosyltransferase-VI (1)
- 3,0 Tesla (1)
- 3-D liver model (1)
- 3-ß-D-Glucan Synthase (1)
- 3-ß-D-Glucan Synthetase (1)
- 3.0 Tesla (1)
- 31-P-MR-Spectroskopie (1)
- 31-P-Magnetresonanztomographie (1)
- 316L stainless-steel (1)
- 31P (1)
- 31P-MR-Spectroscopy (1)
- 31P-MR-Spektroskopie (1)
- 31P-MR-spectroscopy (1)
- 3D Bioprinting (1)
- 3D Druck (1)
- 3D Mapping System (1)
- 3D Modell (1)
- 3D Pulverdruck (1)
- 3D Slicer (1)
- 3D breast cancer model (1)
- 3D cell cultures (1)
- 3D conformal silicone bolus (1)
- 3D culture (1)
- 3D cultures (1)
- 3D echocardiography (1)
- 3D electrophysiology (1)
- 3D ex vivo models (1)
- 3D fluoroscopy (1)
- 3D image analysis (1)
- 3D in vitro model (1)
- 3D in vitro models (1)
- 3D lung tumor model (1)
- 3D lung tumor tissue models (1)
- 3D mapping system (1)
- 3D microfiber (1)
- 3D model systems (1)
- 3D modeling (1)
- 3D neuronal networks (1)
- 3D organoids (1)
- 3D powder print (1)
- 3D printer (1)
- 3D reconstruction (1)
- 3D scan (1)
- 3D spheroid culture (1)
- 3D tissue models (1)
- 3D tumor model (1)
- 3D tumour model (1)
- 3D ultrasound (1)
- 3D-Bildanalyse (1)
- 3D-Biodruck (1)
- 3D-CSI (1)
- 3D-Druckzähne (1)
- 3D-Elektrode (1)
- 3D-Gewebemodell (1)
- 3D-Modell (1)
- 3D-Rekonstruktion (1)
- 3D-Scanner (1)
- 3D-gedruckter Zahn (1)
- 3D-konformale Radiotherapie (1)
- 3D-konformaler Bolus (1)
- 3D-ultrasound (1)
- 3R (1)
- 3d (1)
- 3d powder printing (1)
- 3d printing (1)
- 3d-echocardiography (1)
- 3ß-HSD II (1)
- 3 T (1)
- 4 (1)
- 4'-hydroxylation (1)
- 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (1)
- 4-1BB Agonist (1)
- 4-1BB agonist (1)
- 4-dial (1)
- 4.977 bp-Deletion (1)
- 4D (1)
- 4D Studie (1)
- 4D flow (1)
- 4D flow MRI (1)
- 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (1)
- 4D study (1)
- 4D-MRI (1)
- 4D-Studie (1)
- 5' UTR (1)
- 5-Alpha-Reduktase (1)
- 5-Dihydroxycinnamat (1)
- 5-HIAA (1)
- 5-HT (1)
- 5-HT receptors (1)
- 5-HT1A-Polymorphismus (1)
- 5-HT1A-polymorphism (1)
- 5-HT2A (1)
- 5-HT3A (1)
- 5-HTT Knock Out (1)
- 5-HTT knockout mice (1)
- 5-HTT polymorphism (1)
- 5-HTT-Polymorphismus (1)
- 5-alpha-reductase (1)
- 5-bromodeoxyuridine (1)
- 5-dihydroxycinnamate (1)
- 5A-Modell (1)
- 5C6 (1)
- 5HT1A (1)
- 5HTT (1)
- 5HTTLPR (1)
- 5q22.2 (1)
- 6-percent hydroxyethyl starch (1)
- 60-nucleotide duplication (1)
- 65-kda isoform (1)
- 68Ga-DOTANOC (1)
- 68Ga-DOTATATE/-TOC (1)
- 68Ga-DOTATOC (1)
- 68Ga-OPS202 (1)
- 68Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT (1)
- 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT (1)
- 6S RNA (1)
- 7 T (1)
- 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) (1)
- 7-Dehydrocholesterol (1)
- 7SK snRNP (1)
- 7T (1)
- 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (1)
- 97 kDa Protein (1)
- 97 kDa protein (1)
- 977 bp-deletion (1)
- 99mTc-DTPA (1)
- <sup>18</sup>F-FDG (1)
- <sup>68</sup>Ga-Pentixafor (1)
- A chromosomes (1)
- A(2B) receptors (1)
- A-Silicons (1)
- A-Silikone (1)
- A-delta fibers (1)
- A. fumigatus (1)
- A1 Adenosine receptors (1)
- A20 (1)
- A375 (1)
- A53T mutation (1)
- A53T-Mutation (1)
- A549 (1)
- A549 cell line (1)
- A<sub>2</sub> Adenosine receptor (1)
- AAA (1)
- AAA-bone (1)
- AAF (1)
- AAT (1)
- AB0- Testsubstanzen (1)
- AB0-test substances (1)
- ABCB5 (1)
- ABI (1)
- ABL gene (1)
- ABR with time course step stimulus algorithm (1)
- ACAT (1)
- ACC/AHA classification (1)
- ACE inhibitor (1)
- ACE-Inhibitor (1)
- ACE-Inhibitors (1)
- ACE-inhibitor (1)
- ACH-2 (1)
- ACKR4 (1)
- ACL construct (1)
- ACL-Reconstruction (1)
- ACL-Rekonstruktion (1)
- ACM (1)
- ACMaster (1)
- ACO-Schema (1)
- ACO-scheme (1)
- ACPC (1)
- ACS (1)
- ACTH-Rezeptor (1)
- ACTH-rezeptor (1)
- ACVB (1)
- AD mouse modele (1)
- AD pathogenesis (1)
- AD-AID (1)
- ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS7) (1)
- ADAM10 (1)
- ADC (1)
- ADCC (1)
- ADGRL3 (1)
- ADHD patients (1)
- ADHDS (1)
- ADMA (1)
- ADMA/ADMA (1)
- ADP (1)
- ADP receptors (1)
- ADP-Rezeptoren (1)
- ADP-Ribosyltransferasen (1)
- ADP-ribosylation toxins (1)
- ADT (1)
- AED (1)
- AEP (1)
- AFLP (1)
- AFM (1)
- AGT (1)
- AHD-575 (1)
- AHF (1)
- AHF-Register Würzburg (1)
- AHI (1)
- AHRR (1)
- AI (1)
- AICD (1)
- AICDA (1)
- AID-ΔE4a (1)
- AIM2 (1)
- AIRE (1)
- AIRWAYS ICPs (1)
- AKT (1)
- AKT-Signalweg (1)
- AKT-signaling (1)
- AKT1 (1)
- ALI culture (1)
- ALK-1 (1)
- ALL-BFM-2000-Protokoll (1)
- ALP (1)
- ALPL (1)
- ALS mimic (1)
- ALS treatment (1)
- ALT (1)
- ALiOS (1)
- AMACR (1)
- AMARES (1)
- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (1)
- AMPA (1)
- AMPK (1)
- ANA (1)
- ANGPTL_4 (1)
- ANIMAX (1)
- AO (1)
- AOM/DSS (1)
- AORI-Klassifikation (1)
- AP-1 (1)
- APACHE <Klassifikation> (1)
- APECED (1)
- APERIO (1)
- APERIO Hybrid (1)
- APEX2 (1)
- APOBEC3G (1)
- APRI (1)
- AQP (1)
- ARCI (1)
- ARCI EM type III (1)
- ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) (1)
- ARF tumor-suppressor induced lymphomagenes (1)
- ARI (1)
- ARM (1)
- ARMS-PCR (1)
- ARONJ (1)
- ART (1)
- ART outcome (1)
- ARVC (1)
- ASC-1 (1)
- ASE formula (1)
- ASIC 3 (1)
- ASIC1 (1)
- AT-1-Receptorantagonist (1)
- AT-1-Rezeptorantagonist (1)
- AT1-Rezeptor (1)
- AT1-Rezeptor-Antagonist (1)
- AT1-receptor (1)
- ATF3 (1)
- ATF5 (1)
- ATF6 (1)
- ATG (1)
- ATG8 (1)
- ATIP (1)
- ATM gene (1)
- ATMP (1)
- ATP generation (1)
- ATP-adenosine triphosphate (1)
- ATP-binding cassette transporter (1)
- ATPase activity (1)
- ATRA (1)
- ATRT (1)
- ATRX (1)
- ATTRv amyloidosis (1)
- AUY-922 (1)
- AV-Knoten (1)
- AV-Node (1)
- AVEMAR (1)
- AW-CSI (1)
- AZD4547 (1)
- AZD6140 (1)
- AZD6244 (1)
- AZT (1)
- A\(_{2A}\) adenosine receptor antagonist (1)
- Abatacept (1)
- Abbindeverhalten (1)
- Abciximab (1)
- Abdomen (1)
- Abdominaltrauma (1)
- Abelson helper integration-1 (AHI1) (1)
- Abeokuta (1)
- Aberrationen (1)
- Abformmaterial (1)
- Abformmaterialien (1)
- Abformung (1)
- Abfüllverfahren (1)
- Abhängigkeit (1)
- Abirateron (1)
- Ablation <Medizin> (1)
- Abnehmbarer Zahnersatz (1)
- Abrasion (1)
- Abscherfestigkeit (1)
- Abscherkraft (1)
- Abscherverhalten (1)
- Absolutkonzentrationen (1)
- Absorbed Doses (1)
- Abstinenz (1)
- Abszesse (1)
- Abszision (1)
- Abszission (1)
- Abtreibung (1)
- Abuse (1)
- Abzugfestigkeit (1)
- Acarbose (1)
- Accelerometer (1)
- Accelerometry (1)
- Acetaminophen (1)
- Acetessigester (1)
- Acetoacetat (1)
- Achilles (1)
- Achilles tendinopathy (1)
- Achilles tendo (1)
- Achillessehne (1)
- Achondroplasie (1)
- Achsenlänge (1)
- Achsenlänge des Auges (1)
- Acid-base-state (1)
- Acinetobacter baumannii (1)
- Acoustic neuroma (1)
- Acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI) (1)
- AcrAB-TolC efflux pump (1)
- Acromesomelic dysplasias (1)
- Actin Dynamics (1)
- Actin-Filament (1)
- Actin-bindende Proteine (1)
- Actinomyceten (1)
- Actinomycetes (1)
- Activation induced cell death/AICD (1)
- Active disease (1)
- Acute Kidney Injury (1)
- Acute Limb Ischemia (1)
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1)
- Acute ischaemic renal failure (1)
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1)
- Acute lymphocytic leukaemia (1)
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (1)
- Acute osteomyelitis (1)
- Acute tryptophan depletion (1)
- Acylcarnitin (1)
- Adam (1)
- Adamantiades-Behçet disease (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adaptive cell transfer (1)
- Adaptives Immunsystem (1)
- Adaptorproteine (1)
- Addison's disease (1)
- Addisons disease (1)
- Addition (1)
- Adeno (1)
- Adenocarcinom (1)
- Adenocarcinomas (1)
- Adenoide (1)
- Adenom (1)
- Adenom-carcinom-sequence (1)
- Adenosine receptor (1)
- Adenosine receptor antagonists (1)
- Adenoviraler Gentransfer (1)
- Adenovirus (1)
- Adenylate cyclase toxin (1)
- Aderhaut (1)
- Aderhautmelanom (1)
- Aderhautsarkom (1)
- Aderlaß (1)
- Adherence (1)
- Adhesion GPCR (1)
- Adhesion and Invasion (1)
- Adhesion-GPCR (1)
- Adhesive Hydrogels (1)
- Adhärens-/ Occludensjunktionen (1)
- Adhärenskontakte (1)
- Adhäsion <Pathologie> (1)
- Adhäsive Restauration (1)
- Adhäsivsystem (1)
- Adhäsivtechnik (1)
- Adipogenesis (1)
- Adiponectin (1)
- Adipose (1)
- Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells (1)
- Adipositas im Kindesalter (1)
- Adipositaschirurgie (1)
- Adjuvans (1)
- Adjuvante Behandlung (1)
- Adjuvante Therapie (1)
- Administered Activities (1)
- Adolescence (1)
- Adolescents (1)
- Adoleszenz (1)
- Adoptiver T Zell Transfer (1)
- Adrenalin (1)
- Adrenerge Stimu (1)
- Adrenerger Rezeptor (1)
- Adrenergic Receptor (1)
- Adrenergisches System (1)
- Adrenocortial carcinomas (1)
- Adrenocortical Cancer (1)
- Adrenocortical cancer (1)
- Adrenokortikales Karzinom (1)
- Adrenozeptor (1)
- Adult head (1)
- Adult patients (1)
- Adulthood (1)
- Advance Care Planning (1)
- Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma (1)
- Advanced Glycation Endproducts (1)
- Adverse Events (1)
- Adärenz (1)
- Aequalis (1)
- Aequilibriometrie (1)
- Aequorin (1)
- Aequos G1 (1)
- Aerobe Leistungsfähigkeit (1)
- Afatinib (1)
- Affective psychoses (1)
- Affektive Erkrankungen (1)
- Afferent nerve stimulation (1)
- Afferenzen (1)
- Affinity probe (1)
- Aflatoxin B1 (1)
- African-americans (1)
- Afrika (1)
- Afternystagmus (1)
- Agaphelin (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Agglomeration (1)
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (1)
- Aggregation (1)
- Aggrekan (1)
- Aggressive behaviour (1)
- Agoraphobie (1)
- Agrin (1)
- Ahmed (1)
- Aiolos (1)
- Airlift-Kultur (1)
- Airtraq (1)
- Akademische Medizin (1)
- Akkommodation (1)
- Akkomodationsreiz (1)
- Akne (1)
- Akt/PKB (1)
- Aktiv-kontrollierten Bewegungsschiene (1)
- Aktivator / Bionator (1)
- Aktive Implantate (1)
- Aktive Sterbehilfe (1)
- Aktive Zone (1)
- Aktivierung <Physiologie> (1)
- Aktivitätsbeginn (1)
- Aktivitätsmarker (1)
- Akustischer Reiz (1)
- Akustischer Startle Reflex (1)
- Akute lymphatische Leukämie (1)
- Akute Ösophagusnekrose (1)
- Akutes Lungenversagen (1)
- Akutes ischämisches Nierenversagen (1)
- Akutphase (1)
- Akzeptanz (1)
- Alarmierungsalgorithmus (1)
- Albino rat (1)
- Albinoratten (1)
- Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (1)
- Alcoholism (1)
- Aldosteron Antagonisten (1)
- Aldosteronantagonist (1)
- Aldosterone Antagonists (1)
- Aldosteronismus (1)
- Aldosteronome (1)
- Alemtuzumab (1)
- Alginat (1)
- Alginate (1)
- Alginate-Gelatine (1)
- Alien limb syndrome (1)
- Alignment <Biochemie> (1)
- Alkalidotierte Calciumphosphatcemente (1)
- Alkaline phosphatase (1)
- Alkalizemente (1)
- Alkaloid (1)
- Alkohol (1)
- Alkohol-Craving tDCS (1)
- Alkoholabhängikeit (1)
- Alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (1)
- Alkoholische Polyneuropathie (1)
- Alkoholkonsum (1)
- Alkoholmissbrauch (1)
- Alkylation (1)
- All-In-One Adhesives (1)
- Allelfrequenzen (1)
- Allergic rhinitis (1)
- Allergiediagnostik (1)
- Allergiker (1)
- Allergy (1)
- Allgemeinanästhesie (1)
- AlloDerm (1)
- Alloantigen Expression (1)
- Alloantigenerkennung (1)
- Allodynie (1)
- Allogene hämatopoetische Stammzelltransplantation (1)
- Allogeneic transplantation (1)
- Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (1)
- Allopeptidb (1)
- Allophrynidae (1)
- Alloreaktivität (1)
- Allotransplantatabstossung (1)
- Alpelisib (1)
- Alpha Fetoprotein (1)
- Alpha therapy (1)
- Alpha-2-Rezeptor (1)
- Alpha-Galactosidase (1)
- Alpha-ID-SE (1)
- Alpha-Lipoic acid (1)
- Alpha-Synuclein (1)
- Alpha-dependent apoptosis (1)
- Alpha-galactosidase (1)
- Alpha-synuclein oligomers (1)
- Altenpflege (1)
- Alter des Auges (1)
- Alternaria (1)
- Alternative (1)
- Alternative Krebstherapie (1)
- Alternative polyadenylation (1)
- Alternative test methods (1)
- Alternativmedizin (1)
- Altersabhängiger Lerneffekt (1)
- Altersabhängigkeit (1)
- Altersmedizin (1)
- Alterspsychiatrie (1)
- Aluminiumhydroxid (1)
- Aluminiumhydroxide (1)
- Alveolar (1)
- Alzheimer's diseas (1)
- Alzheimers-disease (1)
- Alzheimer´s disease (1)
- Alzheimer’s dementia (1)
- Amantadin (1)
- Amantadine (1)
- Ambulante Behandlung (1)
- Amelogenese (1)
- American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (1)
- American Thyroid Association (1)
- Amino acid composition (1)
- Amino acids (1)
- Aminobisphosphonate (1)
- Aminobuttersäure <gamma-> (1)
- Aminoglykoside (1)
- Aminopenicilline (1)
- Aminopeptidase (1)
- Aminosäure (1)
- Amisulprid (1)
- Amisulprid Kombinationsprophylaxe (1)
- Amisulprid PONV (1)
- Amitriptylin (1)
- Ammonshorn (1)
- Ampicillin (1)
- Amygdala (1)
- Amyloid-beta oligomers; (1)
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (1)
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire 5 (ALSAQ-5) (1)
- Amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis (1)
- Anabolieagent (1)
- Analabszess (1)
- Analatresie (1)
- Analgesia (1)
- Analgetika (1)
- Analog (1)
- Anandamide (1)
- Anaphylactic shock (1)
- Anaphylaxie (1)
- Anaplasma phagocytophilum (1)
- Anaplasma phagozytophilum (1)
- Anaplastisches Schilddrüsenkarzinom (1)
- Anarchic limb syndrome (1)
- Anas crecca (1)
- Anastomosendurchblutung (1)
- Anastomosenrezidiv (1)
- Anastomosis healing (1)
- Anatomic reattachment (1)
- Anatomy (1)
- Androgenbioynthese (1)
- Androgendeprivation (1)
- Androgendeprivationstherapie (1)
- Anergy (1)
- Aneurysmaoperation (1)
- Aneurysmen (1)
- Ang II (1)
- Angewandte Toxikologie (1)
- Angina pectoris (1)
- Angiogenin (1)
- Angioplastie (1)
- Angiopoetin (1)
- Angiopoietin-1 (1)
- Angiopoietin-like 4 (1)
- Angiostatin (1)
- Angiotensin I (1)
- Angiotensin-II-Blocker (1)
- Angle Class II (1)
- Angle Kl. II (1)
- Angle-Kl. II/1 (1)
- Angle-Klasse II (1)
- Angotrip (1)
- Angst als Eigenschaft (1)
- Angst/Panik (1)
- Angstintensität (1)
- Angstsensitivitätsindex-3 (1)
- Angststörungen (1)
- Angstsyndrom (1)
- Angstverhalten (1)
- Anidulafungin (1)
- Aniline derivatives (1)
- Animal behavior (1)
- Animal model (1)
- Animal modell (1)
- Animal models (1)
- Animax (1)
- Anisotrope Diffusion (1)
- Ankerfibrillen (1)
- Ankopplungsbedingungen (1)
- Ankylose (1)
- Anopheles gambiae (1)
- Anorexia (1)
- Anorexia nervosa in childhood (1)
- Anorexia nervosa treatment satisfaction (1)
- Anosognosie (1)
- Anpassungskosten (1)
- Anreizsystem (1)
- Anschlussheilbehandlung (1)
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (1)
- Anterior chamber perfusion model (1)
- Anterior cingulate (1)
- Anteriorer Cingulärer Kortex (1)
- Anteriorer cingulärer Cortex (1)
- Anteriores Cingulum (1)
- Anthocyanidine (1)
- Anthraquinone glycosides (1)
- Anti-GBM-Antikörper (1)
- Anti-Suizid-Vertrag (1)
- Anti-TNF-alpha agents (1)
- Anti-tank rocket (1)
- Anti-tank weapon (1)
- Antibiose (1)
- Antibiotic Stewardship (1)
- Antibiotic stewardship (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antibiotikaprophylaxe (1)
- Antibiotikatherapie (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody index (1)
- Anticoagulants (1)
- Antidepressants (1)
- Antidepressivum (1)
- Antigen 4 (1)
- Antigen CD137 (1)
- Antigen CD25 (1)
- Antigen CD30 (1)
- Antigen CD4 (1)
- Antigen CD44 (1)
- Antigen CD45 (1)
- Antigen CD8 (1)
- Antigen CD95 (1)
- Antigen presentation (1)
- Antigenerkennung (1)
- Antigenexpression (1)
- Antigennachweis (1)
- Antigenpresentation (1)
- Antigenspezifische T-Zelle (1)
- Antigentherapie (1)
- Antiinflammatory agents (1)
- Antikoagulation (1)
- Antikoerper (1)
- Antikonvulsiva (1)
- Antikörper gegen N-Protein (1)
- Antimalariamittel (1)
- Antimicrobial (1)
- Antimicrobial activities (1)
- Antimicrobial proteins (1)
- Antimikrobiell (1)
- Antimikrobielle Aktivitäten (1)
- Antimikrobielle Resistenz (1)
- Antimikrobieller Wirkstoff (1)
- Antimutagen (1)
- Antimykotika-Empfindlichkeit (1)
- Antimykotikum (1)
- Antinozizeption (1)
- Antioxidans (1)
- Antioxidants (1)
- Antiparanodal Autoantibodies (1)
- Antirefluxchirugie (1)
- Antirefluxoperation (1)
- Antiretroviral Therapy (1)
- Antiretrovirale Therapie (1)
- Antisense (1)
- Antisocial behavior (1)
- Antitumorforschung (1)
- Antivirale Substanzen (1)
- Antizipation (1)
- Antrhopometry (1)
- Antwortinhibition (1)
- Anweisungs- und Sprachverstaendnis-Test (1)
- Anwenderfreundlichkeit (1)
- Anwenderschulung (1)
- Anwendung (1)
- Anxiety Sensetivity Index (1)
- Anxiety sensitivity (1)
- Anxiety-like behavior (1)
- Anästhetika-induzierte Postkonditionierung (1)
- Anästhetikum (1)
- Aortenbifurkationssyndrom (1)
- Aortenkonstriktion (1)
- Aortenringassay (1)
- Aortenwrapping (1)
- Aortic Valve Replacement (1)
- Aortic arch (1)
- Aortic valve replacement (1)
- Aortokoronarer Bypass (1)
- Apert (1)
- Aphthae (1)
- Apicomplexan (1)
- Apis mellifera (1)
- Aplastic anemia (1)
- Apnoe (1)
- ApoA-I D-4F (1)
- ApoE-Genotyp (1)
- ApoE-Knock-Out-Maus (1)
- ApoE-knock-out mice (1)
- ApoE/eNOS dko-Mäuse (1)
- Apolipoprotein E (1)
- Apolipoprotein-E Knockout (1)
- Apollonia-Kult (1)
- Apollonia-cult (1)
- Apoptoseinduktion (1)
- Apoptoseresistenz (1)
- Apoptosesensibilisierung (1)
- App-Entwicklung (1)
- Appearence (1)
- Appert (1)
- Apple Domäne (1)
- Apple Watch 7 (1)
- Apple domain (1)
- Applikatorposition (1)
- ApproTech (1)
- Approved immunomodulators (1)
- Aquaporin (1)
- Aquaporin 4 (1)
- Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ig, NMO-IgG)G (1)
- Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) (1)
- Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG, NMO-IgG) (1)
- Aquaporin4 (1)
- Arachidonsäure (1)
- Arbeit (1)
- Arbeitsbelastung (1)
- Arbeitsg (1)
- Arbeitsmedizin (1)
- Arbeitssucht (1)
- Arbeitssüchtiger (1)
- ArcCHECK (1)
- Archaea (1)
- Archdiocese Bulawayo (1)
- Archimedisches Prinzip (1)
- Arginine (1)
- Argonaute (1)
- Armplexusverletzung (1)
- Arnold-Chiari-Syndrom (1)
- Arsen (1)
- Artemisinin (1)
- Arteria cerebri media (1)
- Arterial Diameters (1)
- Arterielle Gefäßsteifigkeit (1)
- Arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (1)
- Arterien (1)
- Arteriovenöser Bypass (1)
- Artery Models (1)
- Arthose (1)
- Arthrography (1)
- Arthropathy (1)
- Arthroplastik (1)
- Arthroscopy (1)
- Arthroseentstehung (1)
- Arthrosis deformans (1)
- Arthrotomie (1)
- Articular afferent (1)
- Articular-Cartilage (1)
- Artificial Nuclear Pores (1)
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase (1)
- Aryl hydrocarbon rnonooxygenase (1)
- Arzneimittelinteraktion (1)
- Arzneimittelmarkt (1)
- Arzneimittelnebenwirkung (1)
- Arzneimittel�berwachung (1)
- Arzneymittel (1)
- Arzt (1)
- Arzt ohne Gewissen – Privat-Klinik Prof. Lund (1959) (1)
- Arzt-Patient-Beziehung (1)
- Arzt-Patienten Kommunikation (1)
- Arzt-Patienten-Verhältnis (1)
- Arztbegleiteter Patiententransport (1)
- Arztfilme (1)
- AsP (1)
- Asc-1 transporter (1)
- Ascaridiasis zoonoses (1)
- Ascaris lumbricoides (1)
- Aseptic loosening (1)
- Asfotase alfa (1)
- Asomatognosie (1)
- Aspartate Aminotransferases (1)
- Aspergillus fumigatus-spezifische CD154+/CD4+ Zellen (1)
- Aspergillus sp. (1)
- Aspiration (1)
- Aspirationspneumonie (1)
- Assay (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Assistierte Beatmung (1)
- Association analyses (1)
- Assoziation (1)
- Assoziationsanalyse (1)
- Assoziationsstudien (1)
- Astigmatism (1)
- Astigmatismus (1)
- Astigmatismusanalyse (1)
- Astigmatismuskorrektur (1)
- Astrocytes ; Schwann cells ; Interferon-gamma ; Fibroblast growth factor ; Cyclic AMP (1)
- Astrocytic tumor (1)
- Astrozyt (1)
- Astrozyten (1)
- Astrozytom (1)
- Asylbewerber (1)
- Asylum seeker (1)
- Ataxia (1)
- Ataxia telangiectasia (1)
- Atemantwortkurven (1)
- Atemluftanalyse (1)
- Atemnotsyndrom (1)
- Atempumpe Sarkoidose (1)
- Atemvariabilität (1)
- Atemwegserkrankung (1)
- Atemwegsinfektionen (1)
- Atemwegskrankheit (1)
- Atemwegsmanagement (1)
- Atemwegsschleimhaut (1)
- Atemwegswiderstand (1)
- Atherogenese (1)
- Atherosclerosis, intracranial arteries (1)
- Atherosclerotic plaque (1)
- Athlete's heart (1)
- Atlas (1)
- Atmung (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Atomic-Force-Microscope (1)
- Atorvastatins (1)
- Atovaquone (1)
- Atresie (1)
- Atria (1)
- Atrial fibrillation (1)
- Atrial natriuretic peptide (1)
- Atriales natriuretisches Hormon (1)
- Atrioventrikuläre Verzögerung (1)
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (1)
- Attention Switching (1)
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (1)
- Attentional bias (1)
- Attentional performance (1)
- Attitude (1)
- Attraktion <Psychologie> (1)
- Atypische Antipsychotika (1)
- Atypische Pneumonie (1)
- Au/Ge(111) (1)
- Audiology (1)
- Audiometer (1)
- Audiometry (1)
- Audiovisuelle Medien (1)
- Auditorische steady-state Potentiale ASSP (1)
- Auditorischer Kortex (1)
- Auditory Evoked Potentials (1)
- Auditory brainstem implant (1)
- Auditory brainstem responses (1)
- Auditory pathway (1)
- Aufbissschiene (1)
- Aufklärung (1)
- Auflösung (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitsdefitit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung (1)
- Aufmerksamkeitstest (1)
- Auftretenshäufigkeit (1)
- Aufwachverhalten (1)
- Augenbewegungen (1)
- Augenheilkunde im Nationalsozialismus (1)
- Augeninnendruck (1)
- Augeninnendruckreduktion (1)
- Augenlidtumor (1)
- Augenoberfläche (1)
- Augentropfen (1)
- Aureobasidium (1)
- Aurikuläre Vagusnervstimulation (1)
- AurisID (1)
- Ausbildungsforschung (1)
- Ausbruch (1)
- Ausdehnung (1)
- Ausländerstudium (1)
- Ausreifungscocktail (1)
- Ausstattung (1)
- Auswahl (1)
- Auswertung (1)
- Autism (1)
- Autismus (1)
- Auto-antibodies (1)
- AutoPulse (1)
- Autofluoreszenz (1)
- Autoimmune diseases (1)
- Autoimmune-Diseases (1)
- Autoimmunerkrankung (1)
- Autoimmungastritis (1)
- Autoimmunregulator (1)
- Autoimmuntherapie (1)
- Autoimmunthyreopathie (1)
- Autoinflammation (1)
- Autoinhibition (1)
- Autologe (1)
- Autologe Chondrozytentransplantation (1)
- Autologer In-Situ-Venenbypass (1)
- Autologous (1)
- Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- Automatische Annäherungstendenzen (1)
- Automatische Identifikation (1)
- Automatische Klassifikation (1)
- Autonome Balance (1)
- Autonome Modulation (1)
- Autonomes Nervensystem (1)
- Autonomiv modulation (1)
- Autoproteolysis (1)
- Autoradiographie (1)
- Autorotation (1)
- Autorotation des Unterkiefers (1)
- Autostimulation (1)
- Außenmembranprotein Opc (1)
- Außerklinischer Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand (1)
- Avemar (1)
- Aversive tension (1)
- Avicenna (1)
- Aviophobia (1)
- Axenfeld-Rieger-Syndrom (1)
- Axenfeld-Rieger-Syndrome (1)
- Axilla (1)
- Axiographie (1)
- Axis (1)
- Axon Branching (1)
- Axon growth (1)
- Axon guidance (1)
- Axonal transport (1)
- Axonschaden (1)
- Axotomie (1)
- Azathioprine (1)
- Azidose (1)
- Aδ- and C-fibers (1)
- B (1)
- B Cell Receptor (1)
- B Lymphocytes (1)
- B Lymphozyten (1)
- B cell culture (1)
- B cell deficiency (1)
- B cell malignancies (1)
- B cell maturation (1)
- B cell receptor (1)
- B cell receptor (BCR) (1)
- B neisseria meningitidis (1)
- B- Zellen (1)
- B-Lympho (1)
- B-Lymphocyten (1)
- B-Lymphozyt-Tumor (1)
- B-Lymphozyten-Rezeptor (1)
- B-NHL (1)
- B-Zel (1)
- B-Zell Differenzierung (1)
- B-Zell Lymphome (1)
- B-Zell-ELISPOT-Test (1)
- B-Zell-Rezeptor (1)
- B-Zellen Differenzierung (1)
- B-cell (1)
- B-cell ELISPOT assay (1)
- B-cell Lymphome (1)
- B-cell differentiation (1)
- B-lymphocyte (1)
- B-zellen (1)
- B7-H1 Antigen (1)
- B7DC (1)
- B7H1 (1)
- BAC-Konstrukt (1)
- BAC-construct (1)
- BAFF-Receptor (1)
- BAFF-Rezeptor (1)
- BAL (1)
- BALB/c Maus (1)
- BAR (1)
- BARB-4 (1)
- BARF-mutated melanoma (1)
- BB/OKL rats (1)
- BBC3 (1)
- BCI (1)
- BCL-X-L P53 (1)
- BCL1 rearrangement (1)
- BCL1-Rearrangement (1)
- BCMA (1)
- BCOR (1)
- BCORL1 (1)
- BCR-ABL (1)
- BCR‐ABL (1)
- BDG (1)
- BDNF Astrozyten depressive Episode (1)
- BDNF Val66Met (1)
- BEAM (1)
- BET Inhibitor (1)
- BETA(2)-adrenergic receptor (1)
- BFU (1)
- BG-1 Zellen (1)
- BG-1 cells (1)
- BGA (1)
- BH3-only proteins (1)
- BIRC7 (1)
- BK channel (1)
- BK-Virus (1)
- BLAST (1)
- BLIMP1 (1)
- BM (1)
- BMP antagonist (1)
- BMP signaling (1)
- BMP- Varianten (1)
- BMP-2 delivery (1)
- BMP-2 mutants (1)
- BMP-2-Mutanten (1)
- BMP-6 (1)
- BMP-Mutanten (1)
- BMP-Varianten (1)
- BMP-mutants (1)
- BMPR1B (1)
- BMS-5 (1)
- BMSC (1)
- BN 52021 (1)
- BNDF (1)
- BNIP3 (1)
- BOLD (1)
- BOLD effect (1)
- BOLD-Effekt (1)
- BON-1 (1)
- BONJ (1)
- BP 180 NC16A (1)
- BP180 NC16A (1)
- BRAF inhibition (1)
- BRAF(V600E) mutation (1)
- BRCA (1)
- BRD (1)
- BRD4 (1)
- BRENDA (1)
- BRET (1)
- BRIP1 gene (1)
- BRONJ (1)
- BRP (1)
- BSGC (1)
- BSS directive (1)
- BSTA (1)
- BTN (1)
- BTN2 (1)
- BTN2A1 (1)
- BTN3A1 (1)
- BT_1884 (1)
- BV-2 (1)
- Babylotse-Plus (1)
- Babyschrei (1)
- BacT/ALERT (1)
- Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (1)
- Background Epithelioid haemangioma (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bacteria-Host Cell Interaction (1)
- Bacterial Fitness (1)
- Bacterial conjugation (1)
- Bacterial meningitis (1)
- Bacterial pathogens (1)
- Baerveldt (1)
- Baghdadit (1)
- Baghdadite (1)
- Baha (1)
- Bahnung (1)
- Bakterielle Konjugation (1)
- Bakterien / Taxonomie (1)
- Bakteriophagen (1)
- Balanced Lethal System (1)
- Balints-Syndrome (1)
- Ballerspiel (1)
- Ballistics (1)
- Balneologie (1)
- Bandage (1)
- Bandspannung (1)
- Bandwürmer (1)
- Bankart Läsion (1)
- Barbiturat (1)
- Barbiturates (1)
- Bariatric surgery (1)
- Bariatric/metabolic surgery (1)
- Bariatrische Operation (1)
- Barium-133 (1)
- Barkhof criteria (1)
- Barrett (1)
- Barrett-Karzinom (1)
- Barrett-Ösophagus (1)
- Barriereeigenschaften (1)
- Barth Syndrome (1)
- Barthel Index (1)
- Barthel-Index modified Rankin-Scale (1)
- Barthel-Index modifizierte Rankin-Skala (1)
- Basal Cell Carcinoma (1)
- Basal ganglia (1)
- Basale Stimulation (1)
- Basaliome (1)
- Basalzellkarzinom (1)
- Base composition (1)
- Basement membrane (1)
- Basendefizit (1)
- Basiocciput (1)
- Basiokziput (1)
- Basischarakteristika (1)
- Basisfertigkeiten Laparoskopie (1)
- Basophil activation test (1)
- Batf3 (1)
- Batten (1)
- Bauchaorta (1)
- Bauchdeckenverschluss (1)
- Bauchlage (1)
- Bauchspalte (1)
- Bauchspeicheldruesenkrebs (1)
- Bauchspeicheldrüsentumor (1)
- Bauchwand (1)
- Bauchwandhernie (1)
- Bauer (1)
- Bauspeicheldrüse (1)
- Bavaria (1)
- Bayern (1)
- Bcl-2 Familie (1)
- Bcl-2 family (1)
- Bcl-2-Gen (1)
- Bcl-2-Proteinfamilie (1)
- Bcl-2-gene (1)
- Bcl-X (1)
- Bcr-Abl (1)
- Beals (1)
- Beam-Walking-Test (1)
- Beckenbodendysfunktion (1)
- Beckenbodenmuskulatur (1)
- Beckenbodensenkung (1)
- Beckenfraktur (1)
- Beckengefäße (1)
- Beckenkammtransfer (1)
- Beckenkammtransplantate (1)
- Beckenring (1)
- Becker (1)
- Becker naevus (1)
- Becker naevus syndrome (1)
- Becker-Kiener-Syndrom (1)
- Bedarf (1)
- Bedeutung (1)
- Bedürfnisse (1)
- Beer-lambert law (1)
- Befund (1)
- Begrenzung (1)
- Begrenzung am Lebensende (1)
- Behandlung von Zahnschmelzverfärbungen (1)
- Behandlungsansätze in der orthognathen Chirurgie (1)
- Behandlungsdauer (1)
- Behandlungserwartung (1)
- Behandlungsgenauigkeit (1)
- Behandlungsmethoden (1)
- Behandlungsverfahren (1)
- Behandlungswunsch (1)
- Behandlungszufriedenheit kindlicher Patienten mit Anorexia nervosa nach stationärem Klinikaufenthalt (1)
- Behçet’s disease (1)
- Beige adipocytes (1)
- Beinachse (1)
- Beinahe - Ertrinkungsunfälle (1)
- Beingefäße (1)
- Belastung (1)
- Belastung Eltern (1)
- Belastungsdyspnoe (1)
- Belastungselektrokardiogramm (1)
- Belegung (1)
- Beleibtheit (1)
- Benefit Finding (1)
- Benennungsgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Benfotiamin (1)
- Bennettwinkel (1)
- Benzefuran dioxetane (1)
- Benzefuran epoxide (1)
- Benzimidazoles (1)
- Benzo(a)pyrene (1)
- Benzo(a)pyrene-DNA binding (1)
- Benzoporphyrinderivat (1)
- Benzopyren (1)
- Beobachtung (1)
- Beobachtungsbogen (1)
- Beraphon (1)
- Berechnung (1)
- Berenil (1)
- Berichterstattung (1)
- Beris, Johannes (1)
- Berliner Blau (1)
- Bernard- Fries Technik (1)
- Bernard- Fries technique (1)
- Beru (1)
- Beruf (1)
- Berufsklassifikation (1)
- Berufskrankheit (1)
- Berufssport (1)
- Beschichtung von Titandioxid-Nanopartikeln (1)
- Beschichtungsanlage (1)
- Besiedelung (1)
- Bestimmung (1)
- Bestimmung der hochgradigen Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (1)
- Bestrahlung von Hirnmetastasen (1)
- Bestrahlungsplan (1)
- Bestrahlungstechniken (1)
- Beta(1)-adrenergic receptor (1)
- Beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (1)
- Beta- adrenergic receptors (1)
- Beta-Receptor (1)
- Beta-Receptor subtypes (1)
- Beta-Rezeptor Subtypen (1)
- Beta-Strahlenexposition (1)
- Beta-Zelle (1)
- Beta-Zellen (1)
- Beta-adrenerge Rezeptoren (1)
- Beta-blocker (1)
- Beta-catenin (1)
- Beta-cell (1)
- Betaadrenerge Rezeptoren (1)
- Betahydroxybutyrat (1)
- Betazelle (1)
- Betazellen (1)
- Betreuungsverfügung (1)
- Betriebsmedizin (1)
- Bettnetz (1)
- Bettpartner (1)
- Beugesehnennaht (1)
- Beurteilung (1)
- Bewegung (1)
- Bewegungsprogramm (1)
- Bewegungsstörung (1)
- Bewertung des Medizinstudiums in Deutschland (1)
- Bewertungsplattform (1)
- Bewertungsschemata (1)
- Bewältigung (1)
- Bewältigungsfähigkeiten (1)
- Beziehung zur verstorbenen Person (1)
- Biased gene conversion (1)
- Bidirektional (1)
- Bienengiftallergie (1)
- Big Five (1)
- Big picture (1)
- Bikuspide Aortenklappe (1)
- Bild (1)
- Bildanalyse (1)
- Bildartefakte (1)
- Bildfusion (1)
- Bildrekonstruktion (1)
- Bilirubin (1)
- Bim (1)
- Binaural (1)
- Bindegewebstransplantat (1)
- Binocular (1)
- Binokular (1)
- BioOSS (1)
- Biobank (1)
- Biochemical-Diagnosis (1)
- Biochemische Kontrolle (1)
- Biocompatibility (1)
- Biodegradable polymer scaffolds (1)
- Biodegradation (1)
- Biofabrikation (1)
- Biofeedback (1)
- Biofeedback-Therapie (1)
- Biofilmentfernung (1)
- Biogenese (1)
- Biografie (1)
- Biographical questionnaire (1)
- Biographischer Fragebogen (1)
- Bioharz (1)
- Biohazard (1)
- Bioimpedance (1)
- Bioimpedanz (1)
- Bioimpedanzanalyse (1)
- Bioinformatik (1)
- Bioink (1)
- Biokeramik (1)
- Biologika (1)
- Biologische Ernährung (1)
- Biologische Uhr (1)
- Biologischer Abbau (1)
- Bioluminescence (1)
- Bioluminescence imaging (1)
- Biomarke (1)
- Biomarker der Fibrose (1)
- Biomechanica (1)
- Biomechanical Properties (1)
- Biomechanical properties (1)
- Biomechanics (1)
- Biomechanisch (1)
- Biomechanische Analyse (1)
- Biomechanische Eigenschaften (1)
- Biomedical Application of MR (1)
- Biomedicine (1)
- Biomedizin (1)
- Biomedizinische Anwendung von MR (1)
- Biometrie (1)
- Biomonitoring (1)
- Bionator (1)
- Biopsy (1)
- Bioreactor (1)
- Bioreaktorplattform (1)
- Bioresorption (1)
- Biotechnologie (1)
- Biotinte (1)
- Biotype (1)
- Biowissenschaften (1)
- Biozement (1)
- Bipolar (1)
- Bipolar DGKH-GAT Endophänotypen (1)
- Bipolar Disorder (1)
- Bipolar-affektive Störung (1)
- Bipolare Störung (1)
- Bipolare affektive Störung (1)
- Biseko (1)
- Bispektral Index (1)
- Bisphosphonat (1)
- Bizepssehne (1)
- Bizepssehnenpathologie (1)
- Bland–Altman (1)
- Blasen bildende Autoimmundermatosen (1)
- Blasenbildung (1)
- Bleeding (1)
- Blei (1)
- Blepharoplastik (1)
- Blimp1 (1)
- Blind Pericardiocentesis (1)
- Blinde Perikardiozentese (1)
- Blindheit (1)
- Blockade (1)
- Blockierende Faktoren (1)
- Blood (1)
- Blood contamination (1)
- Blood nerve barrier (1)
- Blood stream infection (1)
- Blood-Brain Barrier (1)
- Blood-Brain-Barrier (1)
- Blood–brain barrier (1)
- Blumentrost (1)
- Blut-Hirn-Schrankenpermeabilität (1)
- Blut-Luft-Schranke (1)
- Blut-Nerve-Schranke (1)
- Blut-Nerven-Schranke (1)
- Blutflussgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Blutflussrate (1)
- Blutgasanalyse (1)
- Blutgasstatus (1)
- Blutgefäßdichte (1)
- Blutgerinnungsfaktor XII (1)
- Blutgruppe (1)
- Blutgruppen (1)
- Blutgruppenbestimmung (1)
- Blutkontakt (1)
- Blutkontamination (1)
- Blutlymphozyten (1)
- Blutplättchen (1)
- Blutspiegel (1)
- Bluttransfusion (1)
- Blutung (1)
- Blutuntersuchung (1)
- Blutvolumen (1)
- Blutzelle (1)
- Blutzuckerverlauf (1)
- Body Image Disturbance (1)
- Body weight (1)
- Bogengang <Anatomie> (1)
- Bogengangsdehiszenz (1)
- Bolton-Standards (1)
- Bolustriggerung (1)
- Bombenkalorimetrie (1)
- Bombesin ; Bombesin receptor ; Chromosomal localization (1)
- Bombus terrestris (1)
- Bombyx mori (1)
- Bonding Agent (1)
- Bonding systems (1)
- Bone (1)
- Bone Cement (1)
- Bone Mineral Density (1)
- Bone chips (1)
- Bone disease (1)
- Bone graft (1)
- Bone marrow cells (1)
- Bone marrow stromal cell (1)
- Bone marrow transplantantation (1)
- Bone morphogenetic protein (1)
- Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (1)
- Bone tissue engineering (1)
- Bone tumor (1)
- Bone-replacement (1)
- Boolean signaling network (1)
- Boolesches Netz (1)
- Bootstrap-Statistik (1)
- Bor (1)
- Bordeiella pertussis (1)
- Borderzone (1)
- Borna Disease Virus (1)
- Borrelia (1)
- Borrelia burgdorferi (1)
- Borrelienserologie (1)
- Borreliosis (1)
- Borylenkomplexe (1)
- Borylkomplexe (1)
- Botulinumtoxin- A- Behandlung (1)
- Botulunumtoxin A (1)
- Bouldern (1)
- Bovine Nebennierenrinden Primärkultur (1)
- Bovis (1)
- Bowel (1)
- Bowen’s disease, periungual (1)
- Braak (1)
- Brachmann-de-Lange-Syndrom (1)
- Brachmann-de-Lange-syndrome (1)
- Brachytherapie (1)
- Bracketsystem (1)
- Bradykininantagonist (1)
- Bradyrhizobium (1)
- Brain Computer Interface (1)
- Brain Electrical Activity Mapping (1)
- Brain Tumor (1)
- Brain atrophy (1)
- Brain cancer (1)
- Brain diseases (1)
- Brain doping (1)
- Brain edema (1)
- Brain endothelial cells (1)
- Brain ischemia (1)
- Brain natriuretic Peptide (1)
- Brain stem (1)
- Brain trauma (1)
- Brain μ-opioid receptors (1)
- Brainstem encephalitis (1)
- Brandes (1)
- Braune Fettzelle (1)
- BrdU replication banding pattern (1)
- BrdU/dT replication banding (1)
- Breast cancer cells (1)
- Breast-cancer (1)
- Breast-tumors (1)
- Breath tests (1)
- Breathing (1)
- Breg (1)
- Breischluckuntersuchung (1)
- Breiter Rückenmuskel (1)
- Brief (1)
- Brillantgrün (1)
- Bromdesoxyuridin <5-Brom-2-desoxyuridin> (1)
- Bromodeoxyuridine labeling (1)
- Bronchial-Carcinom (1)
- Bronchialasthma (1)
- Bronchialkarzinom (1)
- Bronchialschleimhaut (1)
- Bronchopulmonale Dysplasie (1)
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1)
- Brownian ratchet (1)
- Brugia Malayi (1)
- Bruschitbeschichtung (1)
- Brushite (1)
- Brustaorta (1)
- Brustbein (1)
- Brustimplantat (1)
- Brustimplantate (1)
- Brustkompression (1)
- Brustkrebspatientinnen (1)
- Brustselbstuntersuchung (1)
- Brustwirbelsäule (1)
- Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (1)
- Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor CC-292 (1)
- Brücke (1)
- Brüder Grimm (1)
- Bub1b (1)
- Buck-Gramcko-Schema (1)
- Buck-Gramcko-score (1)
- Budding (1)
- Bulimie (1)
- Bullous (1)
- Bullous pemphigoid (1)
- Bullöse Autoimmundermatosen (1)
- Bullöses Pemphigoid (1)
- Bundeswehr (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- Burkitt (1)
- Burkitt Lymphom (1)
- Burkitt Lymphoma (1)
- Burkitt lymphoma (1)
- Burkitt lymphoma (BL) (1)
- Business Process Models (1)
- Butyrate <Buttersäuresalze> (1)
- Bypassverschluss (1)
- Bystander (1)
- Bänder (1)
- Bürstenbiopsie (1)
- B‐cell lymphoma (1)
- C(-1019)G polymorphism (1)
- C-11-methionine pet (1)
- C-6-H (1)
- C-C Chemokinrezeptor 7 (1)
- C-Faktor <Bodenkunde> (1)
- C-Faser (1)
- C-IAP1 (1)
- C-MAC (1)
- C-MYC (1)
- C-MYC PUMA (1)
- C-Myc (1)
- C-Peptid (1)
- C-Terminus (1)
- C-raktives Protein (1)
- C-tactile fibers (1)
- C-terminal HSP90 inhibitors (1)
- C-terminal domain (1)
- C-type natriuretic peptide (1)
- C. albicans (1)
- C. auris (1)
- C. dubliniensis (1)
- C. elegans (1)
- C.376A>G (p.S126G) (1)
- C.albicans (1)
- C.dubliniensis (1)
- C/EBP-Beta (1)
- C1-INH (1)
- C1-Inhibitor (1)
- C1-Inhibitor Berinert (1)
- C1q/TNF related protein (CTRP) (1)
- C282Y (1)
- C3a (1)
- C3aR (1)
- C4bp (1)
- C57/Bl6 (1)
- C57BL/6 mice (1)
- C57BL/KALWRIJ mouse (1)
- C5aR1-Antagonist (1)
- C5aR2 (1)
- C6 (1)
- C6 cells (1)
- C6-Zellen (1)
- C9orf72 (1)
- CA 19-9 (1)
- CA-Repeat Polymorphismen (1)
- CA19-9 (1)
- CA2+ channels (1)
- CA3 (1)
- CA3 pyrimidal cells (1)
- CA3-Region (1)
- CA4 (1)
- CABG-operation (1)
- CACO-2 (1)
- CAD (1)
- CAD-CAM (1)
- CAD-Software (1)
- CADIAX (1)
- CAGSSS (1)
- CAM (1)
- CAPA (1)
- CAPS (1)
- CAR T (1)
- CAR T Zellen (1)
- CAR T-cell (1)
- CAR T-cells (1)
- CAR-T cells (1)
- CAR-T-cell (1)
- CARAT (1)
- CARE (1)
- CAS (1)
- CASP (1)
- CASPAR (1)
- CASPASE-3 (1)
- CB Receptor (1)
- CB Rezeptor (1)
- CB1 Rezeptor (1)
- CB1 receptor (1)
- CB1 receptor antagonists (1)
- CB1-Receptor (1)
- CB1-Rezeptor (1)
- CBP (1)
- CC49 (1)
- CCAP (1)
- CCG (1)
- CCITT noise (1)
- CCITT-Störgeräusch (1)
- CCL3 (1)
- CCL5 (1)
- CCN Protein Familie (1)
- CCN protein familiy (1)
- CCN- Proteine (1)
- CCN2 (1)
- CCR4 (1)
- CCR6 (1)
- CCR6+ T-cells (1)
- CCS (1)
- CD 10 (1)
- CD 27 (1)
- CD 4+ T-Lymphozyten (1)
- CD 40 (1)
- CD 5 (1)
- CD 8 (1)
- CD coreceptors (1)
- CD-Marker (1)
- CD/metabolism (1)
- CD10 (1)
- CD105 (1)
- CD105 antigen (1)
- CD117 (1)
- CD11b+ myeloid cells (1)
- CD133 (1)
- CD137-Antigen (1)
- CD147 (1)
- CD150 (1)
- CD154 (1)
- CD16 (1)
- CD19 (1)
- CD1c⁺ mDC (1)
- CD24 (1)
- CD27 (1)
- CD28 Superagonist (1)
- CD28 Superagonisten (1)
- CD28 costimulation (1)
- CD28 superagonist (1)
- CD28-SA (1)
- CD2AP (1)
- CD3/19 depletion (1)
- CD30-Rezeptor (1)
- CD319 (1)
- CD32 (1)
- CD34 (1)
- CD34 antigen (1)
- CD34 selection (1)
- CD4 Zellen (1)
- CD4 cells (1)
- CD4 positiv T cells (1)
- CD4+ (1)
- CD4+ T cell activation (1)
- CD4+ T-Lymphozyten (1)
- CD4+ T-cells (1)
- CD40 agonist (1)
- CD40 ligand (1)
- CD40-Ligand (1)
- CD40-spezifische Antikörperfusionsproteine (1)
- CD44 (1)
- CD45RC (1)
- CD4\(^{+}\) T helper cells (1)
- CD5-positive B-Lymphozyten (1)
- CD52 (1)
- CD56 (1)
- CD57 (1)
- CD62L (1)
- CD74 (1)
- CD8 T-Zelle (1)
- CD8 T-Zellen (1)
- CD8(+) (1)
- CD8+ T cell differentiation (1)
- CD8+ T cells (1)
- CD8+ T-Zellen (1)
- CD8-Lymphoyzten (1)
- CD8\(^+\) T cells (1)
- CD9 (1)
- CD96 (1)
- CDC14A (1)
- CDC42 (1)
- CDH (1)
- CDH13 Expression (1)
- CDH13 mRNA (1)
- CDI (1)
- CDK4 Inhibitor (1)
- CDK4 inhibitor (1)
- CDK9 (1)
- CDR3 sequences (1)
- CEACAM3 (1)
- CERK1 (1)
- CFDASE (1)
- CFR-1 (1)
- CFU (1)
- CGRP (1)
- CHAC1 (1)
- CHAQ (1)
- CHO-Zellen (1)
- CHO-cells (1)
- CHRODIS (1)
- CI-1040 (1)
- CIAP1 (1)
- CIB1 (1)
- CIDI (1)
- CIED malfunction; pacemaker (PM) (1)
- CIITA (1)
- CIN (1)
- CINE (1)
- CIS+ (1)
- CK-20 (1)
- CK-knockout Maus (1)
- CK5 (1)
- CLAD (1)
- CLEC16A (1)
- CLP-Verfahren (1)
- CLP-procedure (1)
- CLRN2 (1)
- CMD (1)
- CMF-Therapie (1)
- CMV T-Zellen (1)
- CMV reactivation (1)
- CMV-Reaktivierung (1)
- CMV-specific cellular immunity (1)
- CNBP (1)
- CNP (1)
- CNS Myelination (1)
- CNS cancer (1)
- CNS disease (1)
- CNS diseases (1)
- CNS imaging (1)
- CNS infection (1)
- CNS injury (1)
- CNS integrity (1)
- CNS-Infection (1)
- CNTF Sehnerv Retina Degeneration (1)
- CNTF optic nerve retina degeneration (1)
- CNVs (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CO2-response curves (1)
- COGITAT-Box (1)
- COH29 (1)
- COMPLEX 1 (1)
- COMT Val 158Met Polymorphism (1)
- COMT polymorphism (1)
- COMT-Polymorphismus (1)
- COMT-Val158Met (1)
- COOP Wonca (1)
- COPD diagnosis (1)
- COU254 (1)
- COVID 19 (1)
- COVID-19 testing (1)
- COVID-19-ARDS (1)
- COVID-19-Pademie (1)
- COVID-19-Pandemie (1)
- COVID‐19 vaccination (1)
- COX-2 (1)
- COX2 expression (1)
- CO\(_{2}\) exposure (1)
- CP-690,550 (1)
- CPAP (1)
- CPET (1)
- CPFE (1)
- CPITN-Index (1)
- CPP-ACP (1)
- CPR-Prothese (1)
- CPR-prothesis (1)
- CRAC (1)
- CRE (1)
- CREB (1)
- CRH stimulation test (1)
- CRH1 (1)
- CRHR (1)
- CRISPR (1)
- CRISPR Cas9 (1)
- CRISPR-Cas (1)
- CRISPR-Cas Systems (1)
- CRISPR-Cas systems (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 (1)
- CRISPRs (1)
- CRKL (1)
- CRM (1)
- CRMO (1)
- CRP/crp (1)
- CRT (1)
- CRc (1)
- CS1 (1)
- CSF-1 Rezeptor (1)
- CSF-1 Rezeptor Inhibitor (1)
- CSF-1 receptor (1)
- CSF-1 receptor inhibitor (1)
- CSF-1-Rezeptor-Inhibitor (1)
- CSM (1)
- CT perfusion (1)
- CT, circadian time (1)
- CT-angiography (1)
- CT-gesteuerte Punktion (1)
- CT-scan (1)
- CTCAE (1)
- CTED (1)
- CTGF (1)
- CTLA-4 Antigen (1)
- CTNNB1 (1)
- CTSE (1)
- CVM-Methode (1)
- CX-5461 (1)
- CX3CL1 (1)
- CX5461 (1)
- CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR)-cells (1)
- CXCL4 (1)
- CXCL5 (1)
- CXCL7 (1)
- CXCL8 (1)
- CXCR$ (1)
- CXCR1 (1)
- CXCR4-targeting (1)
- CXCR4/SDF-1 (1)
- CXL (1)
- CYP induction (1)
- CYP inhibition (1)
- CYP11A1 (1)
- CYP11B enzymes (1)
- CYP11B1 (1)
- CYP17A1 (1)
- CYP1B1 (1)
- CYP24 (1)
- CYP24A1 (1)
- CYP2B6 (1)
- CYP2C9 (1)
- CYP3A4 (1)
- Ca cycling (1)
- Ca-antagonisten (1)
- Ca2+ (1)
- Ca2+ channels (1)
- Ca2+ homeostasis (1)
- Ca2+ ion analysis (1)
- Ca2+ leak (1)
- Ca2+ oscillation (1)
- Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ channel (1)
- Ca2+i handling (1)
- CaCo-2 (1)
- CaCo-II-Zellen (1)
- CaM-Kinase II (1)
- CaMKII (1)
- Ca\(^{2+}\) channels (1)
- Ca\(^{2+}\) signalling (1)
- Ca\(^{2+}\)-Imaging (1)
- Ca\(_{v}\)2.2 (1)
- Cabin surfaces contaminated with MRSA (1)
- Caco2 cells (1)
- Cadherin (CDH13) (1)
- Cadherin-13 (1)
- Calcineurin-NFATsignaling (1)
- Calcinose (1)
- Calcitriol (1)
- Calcium Citrate (1)
- Calcium Imaging (1)
- Calcium Phosphate (1)
- Calcium phosphate (1)
- Calcium-Aufnahme (1)
- Calcium-Magnesium-Phosphat (1)
- Calcium-Magnesium-Phosphat-Zemente (1)
- Calcium-Magnesium-Phosphates-Cements (1)
- Calcium-Phosphat-Zement (1)
- Calcium-bindende Proteine (1)
- Calciumkanal (1)
- Calciumkanäle (1)
- Calciummagnesiumphosphat (1)
- Calciummagnesiumphosphat-Keramik (1)
- Calciumoscillations (1)
- Calciumoszillationen (1)
- Calciumphosphat Knochenzement (1)
- Calciumphosphate cement (1)
- Calciumtransport (1)
- Caldas da Rainha (1)
- Caldas da Rainha / Hospital Termal das Caldas da Rainha (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Callyspongia siphonella (1)
- Calpain (1)
- Calu-3 (1)
- Calziumphosphatzemente (1)
- Cambodia (1)
- Camptothecin (1)
- Canaloplasty (1)
- Cancellous bone (1)
- Cancer Cell (1)
- Cancer immunotherapy (1)
- Cancer models (1)
- Cancer prevention (1)
- Cancer risk factors (1)
- Cancer therapeutic resistance (1)
- Cancer/Testis Antigene (1)
- Cancer/Testis antigen (1)
- Candida lusitaniae (1)
- Candida sp. (1)
- Candidiasis (1)
- Canines (1)
- Cannabinoid (1)
- Cannabionoid-1-Rezeptorantagonist (1)
- Capillaries (1)
- Capillarization (1)
- Capillary leak (1)
- Capsaicin receptor (1)
- Capsidgen (1)
- Carbamazepin (1)
- Carboanhydrase (1)
- Carbon-11 (1)
- Carcinogen risk Individual susceptibili (1)
- Carcinogenese (1)
- Carcinogenic potency (1)
- Carcinogenität (1)
- Carcinoma (1)
- Carcinoma cells (1)
- Carcinoma of oral cavity (1)
- Cardiac Antigens (1)
- Cardiac Efficiency (1)
- Cardiac Output (1)
- Cardiac dysfunction| Brain natriuretic peptide (1)
- Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- Cardiac myocyte ; Beta-Receptor ; Muscarinic receptor ; cAMP ; G-protein ; Serum (1)
- Cardiac rehabilitation (1)
- Cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (1)
- Cardiac surgery (1)
- Cardiac ventricles (1)
- CardioMEMS™ HF system (1)
- CardioMEMS™ HF-System (1)
- Cardioid (1)
- Cardiolipin (1)
- Cardiology (1)
- Cardiomyocyte (1)
- Cardiomyocytes (1)
- Cardioperfusion (1)
- Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (1)
- Cardiovascular (1)
- Cardiovascular Riskfactors (1)
- Cardiovascular disease (1)
- Cardiovascular hospitalizations (1)
- Cardiovascular magnetic-resonance (1)
- Cardiovascular risk prediction (1)
- Cardiovascular system (1)
- Care-2-Hybridisierung (1)
- Care-Arbeit (1)
- Career choice (1)
- Carfilzomib (1)
- Carl Gustav Himly (1)
- Caroticoclinoid-Foramen (1)
- Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) (1)
- Carotid segment (1)
- Carotid ultrasound (1)
- Carotis (1)
- Carotischirurgie (1)
- Carotisdoppler (1)
- Carrier-Proteine (1)
- Cartiage Integration (1)
- Cartilage (1)
- Cartilage Regeneration (1)
- Cartilage Tissue Engineering (1)
- Cartilage defect (1)
- Carving (1)
- Carving-Ski (1)
- Carving-Verletzung (1)
- Carving-injuries (1)
- Casanova (1)
- Case report (1)
- Case-Control Studies (1)
- CaseTrain (1)
- Caseinkinase 2 (1)
- Casetrain (1)
- Caspase 3/7 activity (1)
- Caspase-8 activation (1)
- Caspr-1 (1)
- Caspr1 (1)
- Caspr2 (1)
- Cataract (1)
- Cataract Classification (1)
- Catechine (1)
- Catechol-0-Methyltransferase (1)
- Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (1)
- Catechol-O-methyltransferasis (1)
- Catecholmethyltransferase (1)
- Catenine (1)
- Catgut (1)
- CathI (1)
- Cathelicidin (1)
- Cathelicidine (1)
- Catheter Lock Solution (1)
- Catheter-related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSI) (1)
- Caudate nucleus (1)
- Cav2.2 (1)
- Caveolae (1)
- Cavity quantum electrodynamics (1)
- CdPHR (1)
- Cdc42 (1)
- Celecoxib (1)
- Cell Index (1)
- Cell binding (1)
- Cell cycle control (1)
- Cell cycle regulation (1)
- Cell death and comet assay (1)
- Cell lung canger (1)
- Cell migration (1)
- Cell permeability (1)
- Cell replacement therapy (1)
- Cell reprogramming (1)
- Cell signalling (1)
- Cell transformation (1)
- Cell viability, (1)
- Cell-Assisted Lipotransfer (1)
- Cell-based assays (1)
- Cell-line (1)
- Cellcycle (1)
- Cellcycle blockage (1)
- Cellular invasion (1)
- Cellular prion protein (1)
- Cement Paste (1)
- Central Nervous System (1)
- Central hyperactivity (1)
- Central nervous system infection (1)
- Central venous access (1)
- Central venous-pressure (1)
- Centrolenidae (1)
- Cephalosporine (1)
- Ceramide (1)
- Cerclage (1)
- Cerebellar nuclei (1)
- Cerebellitis (1)
- Cerebral Ischemia (1)
- Cerebral blood flow (1)
- Cerebral edema (1)
- Cerebral small vessel disease (1)
- Cerebral vasospasm (1)
- Cerebral-ischemia (1)
- Cerebrolysin (1)
- Cerivastatin (1)
- Cervical Carcinoma (1)
- Cestoda (1)
- Cestoda Taeniidae (1)
- Cestode (1)
- Cestoden (1)
- Cetuximab (1)
- Cgrin (1)
- Ch'i-kung (1)
- ChAT (1)
- ChIP-seq (1)
- ChIP-sequencing (1)
- ChT1 (1)
- Chagas diagnosis (1)
- Chagas monitoring (1)
- Chagas real time PCR (1)
- Chains (1)
- Chancen (1)
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathie (1)
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy (1)
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Hoffmann-Syndrom (1)
- Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (1)
- Charmi-Index (1)
- Chemerin (1)
- Chemerin processing (1)
- Chemical carcinogenesis (1)
- Chemicals (1)
- Chemische Synapsen (1)
- Chemokin (1)
- Chemokin CXCL12 (1)
- Chemokine Receptor (1)
- Chemokinreceptor (1)
- Chemokinrezeptors (1)
- Chemosensititvität (1)
- Chemotactic receptors (1)
- Chemotaxis (1)
- Chemotherapeutikum (1)
- Chernobyl (1)
- Chiari Malformation (1)
- Chiari-Malformation Typ II (1)
- Child (1)
- Child Maltreatment (1)
- Child welfare (1)
- Childhood (1)
- Children`s shoe (1)
- Childrens-cancer (1)
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (1)
- Chimeric antigen receptor (1)
- Chimäre DNS (1)
- Chimären (1)
- Chimärische Rezeptoren (1)
- Chimärismusdiagnostik (1)
- Chirodiagnostik (1)
- Chirurgiegeschichte (1)
- Chirurgisch unterstützte Gaumennahterweiterung - transpalatinaler Distraktor - Hyrax Appartur - dreidimensional - Zahnkippung (1)
- Chirurgische Ausbildung (1)
- Chlorocresol (1)
- Chloroquin (1)
- Chlorpromazin (1)
- Cholesteatom (1)
- Cholesterin-Umtake (1)
- Cholesterinstoffwechsel (1)
- Cholesterol (1)
- Cholesterol metabolism (1)
- Cholezystektomie (1)
- Choline deficiency (1)
- CholinomiRs (1)
- Chondrogene Differenzierung (1)
- Chondrogenese (1)
- Chondrogenesis (1)
- Chondron (1)
- Chondrosarcoma (1)
- Chondrozyten (1)
- Chondrozyten-Subpopulationen (1)
- Chordontonal organ (1)
- Choroidea (1)
- Christian Heinrich Pander (1)
- Christianity (1)
- Chromosom 22q11 (1)
- Chromosom 9 (1)
- Chromosomal instability (1)
- Chromosome 18 (1)
- Chromosome aberration (1)
- Chromosome distribution (1)
- Chromosomenaberrationen (1)
- Chromosomenaberrationstest (1)
- Chromosomenbruchanalyse (1)
- Chromosomenbruchsyndrome (1)
- Chromosomeninstabilitätssyndrome (1)
- Chronic Constriction Injury (1)
- Chronic Coronary Ligation (1)
- Chronic Heart Failure (1)
- Chronic Kidney-disease (1)
- Chronic allograft nephropathy (1)
- Chronic disease (1)
- Chronic heart-failure (1)
- Chronic hepatitis c (1)
- Chronic kidney-disease (1)
- Chronic lung disease of infancy (1)
- Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (1)
- Chronic myeloid leukaemia (1)
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (1)
- Chronic neuropathic pain (1)
- Chronic obstrusive pulmonary disease (1)
- Chronic rejection (1)
- Chronic respiratory diseases (1)
- Chronic rhino‑sinusitis (1)
- Chronic stress (1)
- Chronic wound (1)
- Chronical renal failure (1)
- Chronische Abstoßung (1)
- Chronische Depression (1)
- Chronische HBV-Infektion (1)
- Chronische Hepatitis C (1)
- Chronische Schizophrenie (1)
- Chronische Schmerzen (1)
- Chronische Wunde (1)
- Chronische Wunden (1)
- Cigarette smoking (1)
- Cilengitide (1)
- Ciliary beat frequency (1)
- Cine (1)
- Circa instans (1)
- Circadian (1)
- Circadianer Rhythmus (1)
- Circinella (1)
- Cisterna magna (1)
- Citalopram (1)
- Citrus (1)
- Class II (1)
- Class II antigen blockade (1)
- Clathrat (1)
- Claudicatio intermittens (1)
- Claudin (1)
- Claudin-12 (1)
- Claudin-5 (1)
- Claudin2 (1)
- Claudine (1)
- Claussen (1)
- Claustrum (1)
- Clavicula (1)
- Clawtoe (1)
- Clear-cornea (1)
- ClearSight\(^®\) (1)
- Clec16a (1)
- Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) (1)
- Clefts (1)
- Cleidocranial dysplasia (1)
- Clindamycin (1)
- Clinical Genetics (1)
- Clinical capillaroscopy (1)
- Clinical decision support system (1)
- Clinical practice guidelines (1)
- Clinical prediction rule (1)
- Clinical proteomics (1)
- Clinical psychiatry (1)
- Clinical remission (1)
- Clinical trials (1)
- Clinical-trials (1)
- Clinically silent stroke (1)
- Clobetasolpropionat (1)
- Clobetasolpropionate (1)
- Clodronat (1)
- Clodronate (1)
- Clodronsäure (1)
- Clonality (1)
- Clone 8 (1)
- Clostridium perfringens (1)
- Clostridium-botulinum (1)
- Clubfoot (1)
- Cluster C personality disorder (1)
- Cluster C personality disorders (1)
- Cluster-RCT (1)
- Clusterkopfschmerz (1)
- Co-Analgetika (1)
- Co-Kultur (1)
- Co-culture (1)
- Co-culture system (1)
- CoCr (1)
- Coagulation factor IX (1)
- Cocamidopropylbetain (1)
- Cochlea Implant (1)
- Cochlea Implantaten (1)
- Cochlea Implantation (1)
- Cochleaimplantat (1)
- Cochlear Nucleus (1)
- Cochlear duct length (1)
- Cochlear nerve (1)
- Cochlear planning software (1)
- Cochrane Review (1)
- Cocktail (1)
- Cocktailparty-Effekt (1)
- Coffin–Lowry syndrome (1)
- Cofilin (1)
- Cognitional Therapy (1)
- Cognitive (1)
- Cognitive Enhancement (1)
- Cognitive Remediation (1)
- Cognitive Therapy (1)
- Cognitive behavior (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- Cognitive decline (1)
- Cognitive impairment (1)
- Cohort study (1)
- Cold (1)
- Cold pressure test (1)
- Collaboration (1)
- Collagen Hydrogel (1)
- Collagen VII (1)
- Collagen gels (1)
- Collagen membrane (1)
- Collagenase (1)
- Collective effects in quantum optics (1)
- Colliculus inferior (1)
- Colloids (1)
- Collumfraktur (1)
- Colon cancer (1)
- Colonization (1)
- Colorectal Cancer (1)
- Colorectal Carcinoma (1)
- Colorectal cancer (1)
- Colorectal carcinoma (1)
- Colorectal liver metastases (1)
- Colorimetrie (1)
- Combination (1)
- Comet assay (1)
- Common variable immunodeficiency (1)
- Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Comparison of Analgesia (1)
- Competitive Growth (1)
- Complement (1)
- Complement system (1)
- Complex (1)
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (1)
- Complex regional pain syndrome (1)
- Compliance (1)
- Composit (1)
- Compressed Sensing (1)
- Compression Injury (1)
- Compression injury (1)
- Compressive Properties (1)
- Computational Fluid Dynamics (1)
- Computed axial tomography (1)
- Computer-aided diagnosis (1)
- Computer-aided therapy (1)
- Computerarbeit (1)
- Computergestützte Medizin (1)
- Computersimulation (1)
- Computertomograph (1)
- Computertomographie Angiographie (1)
- Computertomography Angiography (1)
- Computerunterstütztes Lernen (1)
- Computerunterstütztes Verfahren (1)
- Conditioning regimen (1)
- Conduct disorder (1)
- Conductance Katheter (1)
- Conductivity (1)
- Condylar fracture (1)
- Cone Beam CT (1)
- Cone-beam CT (1)
- Cone-beam computed tomography (1)
- Conflict Monitoring Theorie (1)
- Congenital abdominal wall defects (1)
- Congo (1)
- Conjugate arc therapy (1)
- Conjugation (1)
- Connective tissue (1)
- Connexin-26-Mutation (1)
- Connexin32 deficient mice (1)
- Connexin32-defiziente Maus (1)
- Constantinus, Africanus (1)
- Contact dermatitis (1)
- Contact-to-balloon (1)
- Contactin 1 (1)
- Contactin-1 (1)
- Contactin-assoziiertes Protein 2 (1)
- Containment <Gentechnologie> (1)
- Contemplative Meditation and Breathing Techniques (CMBT) (1)
- Content-analytical study (1)
- Continous performance test (1)
- Continous-Performance-Test (1)
- Contrast Agent Bolus Based Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1)
- Contrast agent (1)
- Contrast-enhanced CT (1)
- Control centrality (1)
- Controlled cortical impact (1)
- Conversion (1)
- Convolutional Neural Network (1)
- Cooperation (1)
- Copaxone® (1)
- Copeland (1)
- Copy number changes (1)
- Copy number variation (1)
- Cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (1)
- Core-Oligosaccharid (1)
- Cornea (1)
- Corneal confocal microscopy (1)
- Cornelia-de-Lange-Syndrom (1)
- Cornelia-de-Lange-syndrome (1)
- Corona virus (1)
- Coronary artery bypass graft (1)
- Coronary artery disease (1)
- Coronavirus Disease 2019 (1)
- Corpus amygdaloideum (1)
- Correlates (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Cortex (1)
- Corti-Organ (1)
- Cortical plasticity (1)
- Corticobasal syndrome (1)
- Corticosteroids (1)
- Corticotropin-Releasing-Factor (1)
- Cortisol (1)
- Corynebacterium urealyticum (1)
- Cotransporter 2 inhibition (1)
- Couch tracking (1)
- Coumarin (1)
- Covalent DNA binding (1)
- Covalent binding (1)
- Covalent binding index (1)
- Covalent binding index - Diethylstilbestrol (1)
- Coverage (1)
- CpG island hypermethylation (1)
- CpG islands (1)
- CpG-ODN (1)
- CrP (1)
- Cranial window (1)
- Cranio-Maxillo-Facial-Reconstructive (1)
- Cranio-corpo-graphy (1)
- Craniofacial (1)
- Craving (1)
- CreERT2 (1)
- Creatin Kinase (1)
- Creatine Kinase (1)
- Creatinkinase (1)
- Cremaster (1)
- Crespi effect (1)
- Critical Care (1)
- Critically-ill patients (1)
- Crohn (1)
- Crohn disease (1)
- Crohns-disease (1)
- Crohn’s Disease (1)
- CrossQuery (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Crosstalk (1)
- Cruzi (1)
- Cry (1)
- Cryolesion (1)
- Cryopreservation (1)
- Cryptococcus neoformans (1)
- Cryptorchidism (1)
- Crystal-structure (1)
- Crystalloids (1)
- CsrA (1)
- Cues (1)
- Cumulative incidence function (1)
- Current noise-analysis (1)
- Cushing syndrome (1)
- Cushing's (1)
- Cushing's disease (1)
- Cushings syndrome (1)
- Cutaneous hyperemia (1)
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis (1)
- Cutaneous lymphoma (1)
- Cutaneous metastatic Crohn’s disease (1)
- Cx3cr1 (1)
- Cx43 (1)
- CyaA (1)
- Cyclic AMP (1)
- Cyclic GMP (1)
- Cyclic nucleotides (1)
- Cyclic peptides (1)
- Cyclisches Nucleotid Phosphodiesterase <3,5-> (1)
- Cyclo-GMP-Derivate (1)
- Cyclodextrine (1)
- Cycloheximide (1)
- Cyclooxygenase-2 (1)
- Cyclophilin A (1)
- Cyclophosphamide (1)
- Cyclosporin (1)
- Cyrillic 2.13 (1)
- CysLTR1 (1)
- Cystatin C (1)
- Cystein (1)
- Cystein-rich-protein 61 (CYR61) (1)
- Cysteine‐Rich Domain (CRD) (1)
- Cystic Fibrosos (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- Cystic fibrosis liver disease (CFLD) (1)
- Cystic-fibriosis (1)
- Cystische Fibrose (1)
- Cytochalasin-B micronucleus assay (1)
- Cytochrom C (1)
- Cytochrome C (1)
- Cytochrome P 450 pathway (1)
- Cytochrome b5 (1)
- Cytogenetik (1)
- Cytokeratin (1)
- Cytokeratine (1)
- Cytokine GM-CSF (1)
- Cytokine receptors (1)
- Cytology (1)
- Cytomatrix der aktiven Zone (1)
- Cytomegalovirus (1)
- Cytoplasmatische Therapie (1)
- Cytostatikum (1)
- Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1)
- D insufficiency (1)
- D serum-levels (1)
- D-Aminosäure-Oxidase (1)
- D-amino acid oxidase activator (1)
- D-amino-acid-oxidase (1)
- D2 receptors (1)
- D2 test (1)
- D2-Test (1)
- D2S123 (1)
- D5 (DRD4, DRD5) (1)
- D5S346 (1)
- DAA (1)
- DAOA (1)
- DARPA (1)
- DAS28 (1)
- DASH (1)
- DASH-Fragebogen (1)
- DASH-score (1)
- DBS biomarkers (1)
- DBS programming (1)
- DBT (1)
- DC vaccination (1)
- DC/T-Zell-Konjugate (1)
- DCAF17 (1)
- DCGAN (1)
- DCM genetic background (1)
- DCR1 (1)
- DD, constant darkness (1)
- DDS (1)
- DDS-Test (1)
- DEA/NO (1)
- DEL(5Q) (1)
- DES (1)
- DETC (1)
- DExD/H-Box RNA helicase (1)
- DF-Testung (1)
- DFNB32 (1)
- DFNB68 (1)
- DFT (1)
- DHAP (1)
- DHCR7 (1)
- DHEA-Sulfotransferase (1)
- DIA-MS (1)
- DIPG (1)
- DIPP2a (1)
- DIPP2a-Protein (1)
- DLBCL multilobated (1)
- DLBCL multilobuliert (1)
- DLBL (1)
- DLP-SLA (1)
- DLPFC (1)
- DLX5/6 (1)
- DM (1)
- DM1 (1)
- DMARD (1)
- DMF-T-Index (1)
- DMPS (1)
- DNA Breaks (1)
- DNA Damage (1)
- DNA Doppelstrangbrüche (1)
- DNA Methylation (1)
- DNA Schaden (1)
- DNA adduct . Repair endonuclease (1)
- DNA barcoding (1)
- DNA binching (1)
- DNA crosslink (1)
- DNA fragments (1)
- DNA glycosation (1)
- DNA helicase (1)
- DNA hypermethylation (1)
- DNA methylation (DNAm) age (1)
- DNA methylation dynamics (1)
- DNA methyltransferase gene (1)
- DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (1)
- DNA methyltransferases (1)
- DNA microarrays (1)
- DNA origami (1)
- DNA purification (1)
- DNA repair defect (1)
- DNA repair gene (1)
- DNA repair genes (1)
- DNA repair protraction (1)
- DNA repeat expansion (1)
- DNA replication (1)
- DNA sequence (1)
- DNA transfection (1)
- DNA traps (1)
- DNA vaccination (1)
- DNA-Damage (1)
- DNA-Methylation (1)
- DNA-Methylierung (1)
- DNA-Microarrays (1)
- DNA-Repair (1)
- DNA-Schäden (1)
- DNA-Vernetzung (1)
- DNA-binding vesicles (1)
- DNA-repair (1)
- DNA-repair genes (1)
- DNA-typing . STR (1)
- DNAM-1 (1)
- DNMT3A (1)
- DNMT3B (1)
- DNS-Bindung (1)
- DNS-Strangbruch (1)
- DOACs (1)
- DOPA-responsive-dystonia (1)
- DOTA-EB-TATE (1)
- DP (1)
- DPF3a (1)
- DRAF1 (1)
- DRD1 (1)
- DRD2-Rezeptor-Gen (1)
- DRD4 (1)
- DRE (1)
- DRG-System (1)
- DRU (1)
- DS 22q11.2 (1)
- DSA (1)
- DSB damage (1)
- DSB focus substructure (1)
- DSC2 (1)
- DSIF (1)
- DSM-IV (1)
- DSM-IV Subtyp (1)
- DSM-IV Subtype (1)
- DSM-IV-TR (1)
- DSMMI-Studie (1)
- DT40 cells (1)
- DTI (1)
- DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib (1)
- DUB Mutante (1)
- DUB inhibitor (1)
- DXA (1)
- DYNC1I1 (1)
- DYNLL1 (1)
- DYT-TOR1A (1)
- Damage control surgery (1)
- Danio-rerio (1)
- Danish hernia database (1)
- Dapson (1)
- Dapsone (1)
- Dara-KDT-P(A)CE (1)
- Darmanastomose (1)
- Darmbarriere (1)
- Darmchirurgie (1)
- Darmdekontamination (1)
- Darmepithel (1)
- Darmflora (1)
- Darminfektion (1)
- Darminkontinenz (1)
- Darmkrebs (1)
- Darmmotilität (1)
- Darmsonographie (1)
- Darmvorbereitung (1)
- Darmwandnervensystem (1)
- Data Warehouse (1)
- Data acquisition (1)
- Database searching (1)
- Dauer (1)
- Dauerschwingfestigkeit (1)
- Davis gun (1)
- Daytime Sleepiness (1)
- De-novo (1)
- Death Receptor (1)
- Deceased Donor Score (1)
- Decorine (1)
- Deep Brain Stimulation (1)
- Deep-sequencing (1)
- DeepSqueak (1)
- Deeskalation (1)
- Deeskalationstherapie (1)
- Defekt (1)
- Defektdeckung (1)
- Defektspektroskopie (1)
- Defibrillator (1)
- Deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1)
- Defined burkitts lymphoma (1)
- Deformational plagiocephaly (1)
- Deformity (1)
- Defäkographie (1)
- Degeneration (1)
- Dehiszenz (1)
- Deiodase (1)
- Deiodase Typ I (1)
- Deiodasen (1)
- Dekompressionskraniektomie (1)
- Dekompressionsoperation (1)
- Dekubitalulkus (1)
- Delaire (1)
- Delay Aversion (1)
- Delay Discounting (1)
- Delayed Enhancement (1)
- Delayed cerebral infarction (1)
- Delayed ischemic neurological deficit (1)
- Deletion analysis (1)
- Deletionssyndrom (1)
- Delir (1)
- Delirium (1)
- Delphi procedure (1)
- Delta Repertoire (1)
- Deltopectoral (1)
- Dementia (1)
- Demenz vom Alzheimer Typ (1)
- Demyelination (1)
- Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (1)
- Dendra2 (1)
- Dendritic Cells (1)
- Dendritic cell tumor (1)
- Denervierung (1)
- Dengue (1)
- Denoising (1)
- Dens axis (1)
- Dental Practice (1)
- Dental casting technique (1)
- Dentale Aufwachstechnik (1)
- Dentale Erosionen (1)
- Dentalimplantat (1)
- Dentallegierung (1)
- Dentalphobie (1)
- Dentaltechnologie (1)
- Dentate granule cells (1)
- Dentin sealing (1)
- Dentinadhäsiv (1)
- Dentinadhäsive (1)
- Dentinadhäsivsystem (1)
- Dentine Bonding Agent (1)
- Dentinhaftung (1)
- Dentinversiegelung (1)
- Dentistry (1)
- Dentoalveolär (1)
- Department of Medicine (1)
- Dephasing (1)
- Depolarisation (1)
- Depotsystem (1)
- Depression treatment (1)
- Depressive symptomatology (1)
- Depressives Syndrom (1)
- Depth of Cure (1)
- Der p 1 (1)
- Der p 23 (1)
- Dermato (1)
- Dermoid (1)
- Dermoidzysten (1)
- Descensus (1)
- Descensus uteri (1)
- Descensus vaginalis (1)
- Descensuschirurgie (1)
- Design (1)
- Desipramin (1)
- Desmoplakin (1)
- Desmoplastic fibroma (1)
- Desmoplastisches Trichoepitheliom (1)
- Detergentien (1)
- Determinanten (1)
- Deutsche Film AG (1)
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (1)
- Deutsche Rheuma-Liga (1)
- Deutsche Sprachentwicklungsstudie (1)
- Deutsche Stiftung für Internationale Entwicklung (1)
- Deutsche Teilung <Motiv> (1)
- Deutscher Schmerzfragebogen (1)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz Würzburg (1)
- Deutschland / Bundeswehr (1)
- Deutschland / Stammzellgesetz (1)
- Deutschland <DDR, Motiv> (1)
- Development of dental medical institute Halle (1)
- Developmental biology (1)
- Devic Maus (1)
- Devic mice (1)
- Devic syndrome (1)
- Devic’s syndrome (1)
- Dextran sulphate (1)
- Dezentral (1)
- Dezentralisierung (1)
- Diabetes Mellitus Typ 2 (1)
- Diabetes history (1)
- Diabetes mellitus Extracellular matrix Polyelectrolytes (1)
- Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 (1)
- Diabetes mellitusTyp 1 (1)
- Diabetes melltius (1)
- Diabetestyp (1)
- Diabetic foot (1)
- Diabetic nephropathies (1)
- Diabetic painful neuropathy (1)
- Diabetic polyneuropathy (1)
- Diabetic-nephropathy (1)
- Diabetische Nephropathie (1)
- Diabetische Neuropathie (1)
- Diabetisches Fußsyndrom (1)
- Diagnose Algorithmus (1)
- Diagnosesicherheit (1)
- Diagnosis prediction (1)
- Diagnosis-related-groups-Konzept (1)
- Diagnostic (1)
- Diagnostic Imaging Exams (1)
- Diagnostic accuracy (1)
- Diagnostic approach (1)
- Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals (1)
- Diagnostic validity (1)
- Diagnostik / Bildgebendes Verfahren (1)
- Diagnostische Genauigkeit (1)
- Dialogue Board (1)
- Dialysatorleistung (1)
- Dialysefilter (1)
- Dialysemembran (1)
- Diamant (1)
- Diapedese (1)
- Diaphragmatic breathing (1)
- Diarrhea (1)
- Diastocic Dysfunction (1)
- Diastolic Dysfunction (1)
- Diastolische Dysfunktion (1)
- Dicalciumphosphatanhydrid (1)
- Dichlorvinylcystein (1)
- Dichtegradient (1)
- Dichtegradientenzentrifugation (1)
- Dichtheit (1)
- Dickkopf proteins (1)
- Dickkopf-1 (1)
- Dictyostelium discoideum (1)
- Dieldrin (1)
- Dietary process-related contaminants (1)
- Differential RNA-sequencing (1)
- Differentialdiagnose Kindemisshandlung (1)
- Differentiation (1)
- Differenzierungspotential (1)
- Differenzierungszustand (1)
- Diffuse großzellige B-Zell Lymphome (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Diffusion tensor imaging (1)
- Diffusionsgewichtete Magnetresonanztomografie (1)
- Digitale Computertomographie (1)
- Digitale Radiologie (1)
- Digitale Subtraktionsangiographie (1)
- Digitale Volumentomographie (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Dignität (1)
- Dihydroethidium (1)
- Dihydrolipoamid-Dehydrogenase (1)
- Dihydroorotat-Dehydrogenase (1)
- Diisononyl phthalate (1)
- Dilatative Kardiomyopathie (1)
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy (1)
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy with Ataxia (1)
- Dimensionsstabilität (1)
- Dimerisierung (1)
- Dimethylarginin <N (1)
- Dimethylsulfoxid (1)
- Dinitrochlorbenzene (1)
- Dinitrochlorbenzol (1)
- Dinitrophenol (1)
- Dioscorea (1)
- Dioscorides, Pedanius : De materia medica (1)
- Dioskurides (1)
- Dioxygenasen (1)
- Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (1)
- Diphenylcyclopropenon (1)
- Diphosphonate (1)
- Diphtherie-Schutzimpfung (1)
- Diplopia Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) (1)
- Direct Drive Simulation (1)
- Direct care workers (1)
- Directional Preponderance (1)
- Directional hearing (1)
- Disaster response (1)
- Discovery (1)
- Discrimination (1)
- Disease gene prioritization (1)
- Disease genetics (1)
- Disease network (1)
- Disease prevalence (1)
- Disease severity (1)
- Diskriminanzanalyse (1)
- Diskrimination (1)
- Diskriminationsverhalten (1)
- Disorders (1)
- Displaced Person (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Dissertation for dentists (1)
- Dissociation (1)
- Dissoziation (1)
- Distal biceps tendon repair (1)
- Distal outflow trac (1)
- Distale Radiusfrakturen (1)
- Distraction (1)
- Distraktion (1)
- Disulfidbrücken (1)
- Diurese (1)
- Diuresis (1)
- Diuretikum (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Divertikulitis (1)
- Division (1)
- Dixon (1)
- Diät (1)
- Dobutamin- Stressechokardiographie (1)
- Dobutamin-Stress-Echokardiographie (1)
- Doctor (1)
- Doctor-Patient Relationship (1)
- Dokumentarischer Spielfilm (1)
- Dokumentationsqualität (1)
- Dolutegravir (1)
- Domain-specific approach (1)
- Domestic violence (1)
- Dominant intraprostatic lesion (1)
- Dominante intraprostatische Läsion (1)
- Donor lymphocytes (1)
- Donor-Score (1)
- Dopamin Agonist (1)
- Dopamin Metabolism (1)
- Dopamin-beta-Hydroxylase (1)
- Dopamin-beta-Hydroxylase Promotor (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Dopamine Transporter (1)
- Dopamine melanin (1)
- Dopaminergic PAM cluster neurons (1)
- Dopaminmetabolismus (1)
- Dopaminrezeptor (1)
- Dopaminstoffwechsel (1)
- Doppel-Ganzkörper-CT-Schockraum (1)
- Doppelkontrastpharyngographie (1)
- Doppellumentubus (1)
- Doppler-Sonographie (1)
- Dopplersonographie (1)
- Dorsale Plikationsnaht (1)
- Dorsalextension (1)
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (1)
- Dose reduction (1)
- Dosierungen von Herzinsuffizienzmedikamenten (1)
- Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung (1)
- Dosisanalyse (1)
- Double Negative B cells (1)
- Double crown (1)
- Double crowns (1)
- Double hemorrhage model (1)
- Double sensitization (1)
- Double-blind (1)
- Down Syndrom (1)
- Down-Syndrom (1)
- Down-regulation (1)
- Down´s Syndrome (1)
- Doxycyclin (1)
- Doxycycline (1)
- Doxyzyklin (1)
- Dr. med. Sommer II (1970) (1)
- Drainage (1)
- Draisine <Zweirad> (1)
- Dranginkontinenz (1)
- Drehmoment (1)
- Drei-Medien-Abrasion (1)
- Dreidimensional (1)
- Dreidimensionales Modell (1)
- Drosophilia (1)
- Drotrecogin alpha (1)
- Druckbarkeit (1)
- Druckbelastung (1)
- Druckfestigkeit (1)
- Druckschädigung (1)
- Druckverband (1)
- Druckverbände (1)
- Druckverteilung (1)
- Druckwerte (1)
- Drug Monitoring (1)
- Drug Targeting (1)
- Drug Therapy, Combination (1)
- Drug allergy (1)
- Drug development (1)
- Drug metabolism (1)
- Drug reaction (1)
- Drug releasing graft (1)
- Drug resistance (1)
- Drug-eluting Stent (1)
- Drug-free remission (1)
- Dsg3-Depletion (1)
- Dsg3-depletion (1)
- Dual 3'seq (1)
- Dual RNA-seq data analysis (1)
- Dual-Curing (1)
- Dual-Microphone-Technology (AudioZoom ®) (1)
- Dual-Source Computertomography (1)
- Dual-setting (1)
- Dualhärtung (1)
- Duchennesche Muskeldystrophie (1)
- Duloxetin (1)
- Dumping Syndrom (1)
- Dumping-Syndrome (1)
- Duodenal Jejunal Bypass (1)
- Duodenalatresie (1)
- Duodenopankreatektomie (1)
- Duplexsonographie (1)
- Durchblutungsmessung (1)
- Durchhärtungstiefe (1)
- Durchimpfungsrate (1)
- Durchstoßversuch (1)
- Dynamic Causal Modeling (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- Dynamics of ribosome assembly (1)
- Dysbindin (1)
- Dysfunktionsindex (1)
- Dysgnathy (1)
- Dyskinesie (1)
- Dyslexia (1)
- Dysphagie (1)
- Dysplasia cleidocranialis (1)
- Dystrophin Gene (1)
- Dystrophin-Gen (1)
- Dämpfungsmechanismen (1)
- Dünndarm-Transplantation . Mikrochirurgie (1)
- Dünndarmfunktion (1)
- Dünndarmmotilität (1)
- E-Learning (1)
- E-Modul (1)
- E-Selectin (1)
- E-Test (1)
- E-Zigaretten (1)
- E. coli Nissle 1917 (1)
- E. multilocularis (1)
- E.coli (1)
- E/T ratio (1)
- E/e’ (1)
- E06 mAb (1)
- E1 (1)
- E193 (1)
- E2 conjugating enzyme (1)
- E2F2 (1)
- E2F3 (1)
- E3 14.7-kilodalton protein (1)
- E3 ligating enzyme (1)
- EAAC1 (1)
- EAAT (1)
- EAAT2 (1)
- EAD (1)
- EAHP/SH bone marrow workshop (1)
- EANM (1)
- EANM dosage card (1)
- EATCL (1)
- EBA (1)
- EBER in situ hybridization (1)
- EBF1 (1)
- EBM (1)
- EBRA-FCA (1)
- EBRT (1)
- ECAP (1)
- ECG-gated (1)
- ECG-gated PET (1)
- ECG-recording (1)
- ECGI (1)
- ECLA (1)
- ECM coating (1)
- ECM remodeling (1)
- ECMO indication (1)
- ECMO therapy (1)
- ECORN-CF Projekt (1)
- ECV (1)
- ECV304 (1)
- ECoG (1)
- ED2 (1)
- EEG data (1)
- EEG frequency band analysis (1)
- EEG preprocessing (1)
- EEG processing (1)
- EEOS (1)
- EFV (1)
- EGFP (1)
- EGR1 (1)
- EHS classification (1)
- EHT1864 (1)
- EIA (1)
- EIP on AHA (1)
- ELBW (1)
- EMMPRIN (1)
- EMSA (1)
- ENT (1)
- EO data (1)
- EOPA-JIA (1)
- EORTC (1)
- EP Procedures (1)
- EPMS (1)
- EPN (1)
- EQUAL-Pilotstudie (1)
- ER Ca2+ imaging (1)
- ER Ca2+ store (1)
- ER dynamics in axon terminals (1)
- ER signaling (1)
- ER stress (1)
- ER-Alpha Expression (1)
- ER-Stress (1)
- ERAS (1)
- ERBB receptors (1)
- ERCC1 (1)
- ERCC1 Chemotherapie Nebennierenrindenkarzinom (1)
- ERCC1-XPF (1)
- ERCC4 (1)
- ERG Gene (1)
- ERI (1)
- ERK Dimerisierungsdefizienz (1)
- ERK map kinease (1)
- ERK signaling (1)
- ERK-Monomer (1)
- ERK1/2-Autophosphorylierung (1)
- ERK2d4 (1)
- ERM (1)
- ERM proteins (1)
- ERM- Faktor (1)
- ERM- factor (1)
- ERN/Ne (1)
- ERT (1)
- ESAT‐6‐like secretion system (1)
- ESBL (1)
- ESC (1)
- ESC Score (1)
- ESCAlife (1)
- ESDR (1)
- ESKAPE (1)
- ESPED (1)
- ESS (1)
- ESWT (1)
- ET-15-Meningokokken (1)
- ET-15-meningococci (1)
- ET-37 Komplex (1)
- ET-37 complex (1)
- ETB-Rezeptor (1)
- ETB-receptor (1)
- ETL (1)
- ETiCS (1)
- EU (1)
- EU-RHAB registry (1)
- EULAR guidelines (1)
- EVAR (1)
- EVER1 (1)
- EVER2 (1)
- EVT (1)
- EWAS (1)
- EZH1 (1)
- EZH2 differentiation trichostatin (1)
- Eap (1)
- Earle-Kriterien (1)
- Earle-Kriterion (1)
- Early Modern (1)
- Early Onset Schulterarthrose (1)
- Early Posterior Negativity (1)
- Early infant catatonia (1)
- Early prevention (1)
- Early prevention program (1)
- Early-Life Stress (1)
- Early-onset (1)
- Earth Observation (1)
- East Germany (1)
- East New Britain (1)
- Eating Disorders (1)
- Eating disorder (1)
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen <Motiv> (1)
- Ecdyson (1)
- Echinococcosis (1)
- Echo-Screen TDA (1)
- Echocardiography (1)
- Echogenität (1)
- Echoplanare Bildgebung (1)
- Echosignalverstärker (1)
- Echtes WRF (1)
- Eckzähne (1)
- Ecological Momentary Assessments (1)
- Ecological momentary assessment (1)
- Ectopic bone formation (1)
- Edelstahl (1)
- Edema (1)
- Edema factor (1)
- Edibatidine (1)
- Effective dose (1)
- Effekt-Modifizierung (1)
- Effektivität (1)
- Effektstärken (1)
- Efficiency (1)
- Effizienz (1)
- Effizienzsteigerung (1)
- Efflux transport (1)
- Ego-Shooter (1)
- Egressive Phonation (1)
- Ehescheidung (1)
- Ehrensteinfigur (1)
- Ehrensteintäuschung (1)
- Ehrlichiose (1)
- Ehrlichiosis (1)
- Eierstocktumor (1)
- Eigeninjektion / self injection (1)
- Eigenvectors (1)
- Einfluss auf die Bisskraft (1)
- Einführung (1)
- Eingangsuntersuchung (1)
- Einnähung (1)
- Einsatzleitung (1)
- Einstellung zum Tod (1)
- Einstifttechnik (1)
- Einzelzellgelelektrophorese (1)
- Eisen (1)
- Eisen-III-Chlorid (1)
- Eisenhomöostase (1)
- Eisenmangel (1)
- Eisenoxid-Nanopartikel (1)
- Eisenoxidpartikel (1)
- Eklampsie (1)
- Ektomie (1)
- El Escorial (1)
- Elastizität (1)
- Elastographie (1)
- Elastomere Schmerzpumpe (1)
- Elbow (1)
- Elbow joint (1)
- Elderly patients (1)
- Elective cesarean-section (1)
- Electric Field (1)
- Electric auditory brainstem response (1)
- Electric stimulation therapy (1)
- Electrical (1)
- Electrical Storm (1)
- Electrical breakdown (1)
- Electrical impedance tomography (1)
- Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (1)
- Electrocochleographic (1)
- Electrode (1)
- Electroforming (1)
- Electrophiles (1)
- Elektrisches Feld (1)
- Elektrisches Potenzial (1)
- Elektroakupunktur (1)
- Elektrochemische Abscheidung (1)
- Elektrode (1)
- Elektrodenanordnung (1)
- Elektroenzephalogramm (1)
- Elektrokardiologie (1)
- Elektronenmikroskop (1)
- Elektronische Nase (1)
- Elektrophysiologische Untersuchung (1)
- Elektroretinogramm (1)
- Elektrostimualtionstherapie (1)
- Eleonora Maria Rosalia (1)
- Elevated Plus Maze (1)
- Elispot (1)
- Elite Controller (1)
- Ellbogenhöcker (1)
- Eltern (1)
- Eltern ADHS (1)
- Embolie (1)
- Embolisation (1)
- Embryologie (1)
- Embryology (1)
- Embryonalen Stammzellen (1)
- Embryonenqualität (1)
- Embryonic stem cell (1)
- Emergence (1)
- Emergency case (1)
- Emodin (1)
- Emotion regulation (1)
- Emotional behavior (1)
- Emotional labor (1)
- Emotional state (1)
- Emotionales Befinden (1)
- Emotionen (1)
- Emotionserkennung (1)
- Emotionsregulierung (1)
- Emotionsverarbeitung (1)
- Empathie (1)
- Empdindlichkeitsprüfung (1)
- Empfehlungen (1)
- Empfindlichkeit (1)
- Empfänger (1)
- Enamel microabrasion (1)
- Encephalitis (1)
- Encephalopathia hepatica (1)
- End- of- Life- Care (1)
- End-of-Life Decision (1)
- End-of-life-care (1)
- End-zu-End-Anastomose (1)
- Endarteriektomie (1)
- Enddiastolisches Volumen (1)
- Endocrinology (1)
- Endocytose (1)
- Endocytosis (1)
- Endodontics (1)
- Endogene Hypoxiemarker (1)
- Endogenes Ekzem (1)
- Endogenes Erythropoietin und Mortalität (1)
- Endogenous Glucocorticoids (1)
- Endogenous erythropoietin and all-cause mortality (1)
- Endogenous genotoxicity (1)
- Endogenous opioids (1)
- Endokarderkennung (1)
- Endokrine Onkologie (1)
- Endokrine Orbitopathie (1)
- Endolymphdrainage (1)
- Endolymphe (1)
- Endometriose (1)
- Endometriumkarzinom (1)
- Endometriumvolumen (1)
- Endomyokardbiopsie (1)
- Endophenotype (1)
- Endophänotyp (1)
- Endoplasmatisches Retikulum (1)
- Endoplasmic-Reticulum Stress (1)
- Endorectal Ultrasound (1)
- Endorphin (1)
- Endosymbiont (1)
- Endothelaktivierung (1)
- Endotheldysfunction (1)
- Endothelfunktion (1)
- Endothelial barrier functions (1)
- Endothelial cell (1)
- Endothelial growth-factor (1)
- Endothelin B-Receptor (1)
- EndothelinB-Rezeptor (1)
- EndothelinB-knockout mice (1)
- EndothelinB-knockout-Mäuse (1)
- Endothelpermeabilität (1)
- Endotoxin (1)
- Endotoxinämie (1)
- Endotracheale Intubation (1)
- Endurant® (1)
- Energetik (1)
- Energieumsatz <Medizin> (1)
- Energiezufuhr (1)
- Energy depletion (1)
- Energy expenditure (1)
- English version (1)
- Enhancement (1)
- Enrichment analysis (1)
- Entamoeba histolytica (1)
- Enteral nutrition (1)
- Enterale Ernährung (1)
- Enteric nervous system (1)
- Enteric neuropathies (1)
- Enterica serovar typhimurium (1)
- Enterisches Nervensystem (1)
- Enteritis (1)
- Enterococcus (1)
- Enterococcus faecalis (1)
- Enterococcus faecium (1)
- Enteropathie-Typ (1)
- Enterovirus (1)
- Entfernung (1)
Institute
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (567)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (496)
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (455)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik I) (416)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (394)
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (324)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie (ab 2004) (307)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences (306)
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (298)
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie (298)
Schriftenreihe
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (18)
- IZKF Nachwuchsgruppe Geweberegeneration für muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen (7)
- Clinical Trial Center (CTC) / Zentrale für Klinische Studien Würzburg (ZKSW) (5)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (5)
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum für Bewegungsforschung (4)
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, U.S. (4)
- Klinikum Fulda (3)
- Zentraleinheit Klinische Massenspektrometrie (3)
- CHC Würzburg (Comprehensive Hearing Center) (2)
- Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany (2)
ResearcherID
- D-1221-2009 (1)
"Eignet sich die kritische Flimmerfrequenz zur Diagnose einer minimal hepatischen Enzephalopathie?"
(2024)
Korrelation und Kontingenzprüfung von Kritischer Flimmerfrequenz als diagnostischem Mittel bei minimal hepatischer Enzephalopathie mit anderen etablierten diagnostischen Mitteln und beschreibenden Parametern.
In den Ergebnissen lediglich Korrelation mit Alertness Testung in der Testbatterie.
Minimal hepatische Enzephalopathie braucht zur Diagnostik mindestens 2 verschiedene ergänzende diagnostische Verfahren (neuropsychologisch und -physiologisch), um sicher entdeckt werden zu können. Bei nur einem Testverfahren blieben zahlreiche Betroffene unentdeckt. Möglicherweise ist das verschiedenen pathophysiologischen Subgruppen geschuldet.
Background: The Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) defines COPD as a fixed postbronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) below 0.7. Agedependent cut-off values below the lower fifth percentile (LLN) of this ratio derived from the general population have been proposed as an alternative. We wanted to assess the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic capability of the GOLD and LLN definition when compared to an expert-based diagnosis. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 405 patients aged ≥ 65 years with a general practitioner’s diagnosis of COPD were recruited and followed up for 4.5 (median; quartiles 3.9; 5.1) years. Prevalence rates of COPD according to GOLD and three LLN definitions and diagnostic performance measurements were calculated. The reference standard was the diagnosis of COPD of an expert panel that used all available diagnostic information, including spirometry and bodyplethysmography. Results: Compared to the expert panel diagnosis, ‘GOLD-COPD’ misclassified 69 (28%) patients, and the three LLNs misclassified 114 (46%), 96 (39%), and 98 (40%) patients, respectively. The GOLD classification led to more false positives, the LLNs to more false negative diagnoses. The main predictors beyond the FEV1/FVC ratio for an expert diagnosis of COPD were the FEV1 % predicted, and the residual volume/total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC). Adding FEV1 and RV/TLC to GOLD or LLN improved the diagnostic accuracy, resulting in a significant reduction of up to 50% of the number of misdiagnoses. The expert diagnosis of COPD better predicts exacerbations, hospitalizations and mortality than GOLD or LLN. Conclusions: GOLD criteria over-diagnose COPD, while LLN definitions under-diagnose COPD in elderly patients as compared to an expert panel diagnosis. Incorporating FEV1 and RV/TLC into the GOLD-COPD or LLN-based definition brings both definitions closer to expert panel diagnosis of COPD, and to daily clinical practice.
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt Konzept, Umsetzung, sowie Überprüfung und Evaluation einer neuen Lehrmethode im Bereich der geriatrischen Lehre und Ausbildung von Medizinstudenten des neunten Semesters an der Universität Würzburg. Ziel der Arbeit war es, ein neues Lehrinstrument zu etablieren, dieses zu überprüfen und damit dessen Berechtigung zu belegen sowie den zukünftigen Einsatz im Rahmen der medizinischen Ausbildung zu ermöglichen. Das Hauptanliegen bestand darin, das Verständnis der teilnehmenden Studenten für das Leben in höherem Alter zu fördern. Unter dem Begriff „Instant Aging“ – Selbsterfahrung des Alterns sollten die Teilnehmer die Möglichkeit haben, innerhalb eines 90-minütigen Praktikums die Perspektive eines älteren oder chronisch kranken Menschen einzunehmen. Dabei wurden die Teilnehmer mit vier häufigen Erkrankungen des Alters konfrontiert und konnten diese am eigenen Körper empfinden. Als Vergleich diente das bisher eingesetzte Praktikum der medizinisch-geriatrischen Lehre – stellvertretend für das Konzept der „darbietenden Lehre“. Somit nahmen 125 Teilnehmer sowohl am „Instant Aging“-Praktikum als auch am bisherigen Praktikum der „darbietenden Lehre“ teil und beurteilten im Anschluss an die jeweilige Veranstaltung ihre Erfahrungen hinsichtlich der erlernten Fähigkeit, das Leben in höherem Alter besser nachvollziehen zu können sowie die körperliche Situation eines älteren Menschen nun besser nachempfinden zu können. Die Hypothese, dass das neue Lehrkonzept des „Instant Aging“ diese Fähigkeit in höherem Maße als das bisher eingesetzte Praktikum fördert, wurde bestätigt. Neben der erhöhten Fähigkeit der Empathie und des Verständnisses für die Situation älterer Menschen stieg ebenso der Grad der Betroffenheit der Teilnehmer, wobei der Bedarf der Nachbesprechung dieser Betroffenheit in beiden Praktikums-gruppen niedrig war. Neben der vergleichenden Evaluation wurde im Praktikum des „Instant Aging“ eine Bewertung der Durchführung des Praktikums bezüglich Auswahl und Anzahl der dargestellten Krankheitsbilder, Kompetenz und Anzahl der Tutoren sowie der Zeiteinteilung vorgenommen, die sehr positiv ausfiel. Das Praktikum des „Instant Aging“ findet im Rahmen des „Skills Lab“, einem medizinischen Ausbildungs- und Simulationszentrum der medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Würzburg seit der Anfertigung dieser Arbeit innerhalb der geriatrischen Lehre statt. Anregungen und Ideen der Teilnehmer zur weiteren Verbesserung des Praktikums werden ständig integriert und umgesetzt.
Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist die Patientenkorrespondenz von Samuel Hahnemann mit seiner Patientin Friederike Lutze in der Zeit von 1831 bis 1833. Anhand von Briefen und Tagesberichten werden die Symptome der Patientin, die nach gegenwärtigem Ermessen hauptsächlich psychischer Natur waren, dargelegt und analysiert. Hierbei wird versucht, die zugehörigen Medizinkonzepte und zeitgenössischen Wissensbestände herauszufiltern. Der Zeitraum der Korrespondenz stellt eine Umbruchphase in der Deutung von Gemütssymptomen dar, so dass sowohl humoralpathologische Vorstellungen, wie auch die "Vapeurs" und Nervenleiden als Konzept aufzufinden sind. Selbst die noch in den Kinderschuhen befindliche Psychologie wird von der Patientin aufgegriffen und im Rahmen des Arzt-Patientenverhältnisses thematisiert. Abgeschlossen wird die Arbeit von der Edition aller verfügbaren Krankenberichte und Briefe der Korrespondenz.
Die Hälfte der Weltbevölkerung lebt mit dem Risiko, an einer schweren Malaria tropica zu erkranken. Zunehmende Resistenzen von Plasmodium falciparum gegen gängige Therapeutika erschweren eine Behandlung, und es existiert keine Möglichkeit frühzeitig die Wirksamkeit der angewandten Medikation festzustellen. Die Bestimmung der Parasitämie als einzig verfügbarer Parameter kann auch bei erfolgreicher Therapie noch über den ersten Tag ansteigen. Das Ziel dieser Studie war, lichtmikroskopische Parameter zu finden, mit denen der Erfolg einer Therapie frühzeitig festgestellt werden kann. So wurden im Rahmen einer Fallstudie die Plasmodien eines an einer schweren Malaria tropica erkrankten Patienten auf morphologische Veränderungen im Verlauf der Chinin-Therapie untersucht. Die Beurteilung der Plasmodien erfolgte durch eine Einteilung nach ihrer Lage im Erythrozyten und der Kern-Plasma-Relation der Ringformen, anschliessend wurden die Ergebnisse durch eine Vermessung der Plasmodien am Computer verifiziert. Es zeigte sich, dass ein Therapieerfolg anhand der Veränderung in der Morphologie der Ringformen bereits in den ersten Stunden nach Therapiebeginn festgestellt werden kann. So lässt sich innerhalb der ersten drei Stunden ein Wechsel von kleinen Ringformen mit dünnem, homogenem Zytoplasmaband zu vergrösserten Ringformen mit einem verbreiterten und inhomogenen Zytoplasma finden. Im weiteren konnten ab der 7. Therapiestunde eine zunehmende Lageveränderungen der Plasmodien im Erythrozyten aufgezeigt werden. So waren ab diesem Zeitpunkt zunehmend Plasmodien, die die Erythrozyten-Membran hervorwölben (Arbeitstitel „Accentué“-Formen), im peripheren Blutausstrich des Patienten zu sehen. Dass die Änderung der Kern-Plasma-Relation der Ringformen ursächlich einer direkten Medikamentenwirkung zuzuschreiben sind, konnte in einem abschliessenden „in vitro“-Studienteil gezeigt werden, in welchem Plasmodien-Kulturen unter Chinin-Einfluss mit Kontrollkulturen ohne Medikamenteneinfluss verglichen wurden.
Background
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm with increasing incidence, aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are expressed in MCC and represent a potential target for both imaging and treatment.
Methods
To non-invasively assess SSTR expression in MCC using PET and the radiotracers [68Ga]DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC) or -octreotate (DOTATATE) as surrogate for tumor burden. In 24 patients with histologically proven MCC SSTR-PET was performed and compared to results of computed tomography (CT).
Results
SSTR-PET detected primary and metastatic MCC lesions. On a patient-based analysis, sensitivity of SSTR-PET was 73% for nodal metastases, 100% for bone, and 67% for soft-tissue metastases, respectively. Notably, brain metastases were initially detected by SSTR-PET in 2 patients, whereas liver and lung metastases were diagnosed exclusively by CT. SSTR-PET showed concordance to CT results in 20 out of 24 patients. Four patients (17%) were up-staged due to SSTR-PET and patient management was changed in 3 patients (13%).
Conclusion
SSTR-PET showed high sensitivity for imaging bone, soft tissue and brain metastases, and particularly in combination with CT had a significant impact on clinical stage and patient management.
Premature implant loosening following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can have several causes. In this article we report on a rare case of a 74 year old male patient suffering tibial component loosening 14 month after primary TKA. The patient did neither have any malignancies nor joint arthroplasty before. Upon clinical examination the range of motion in the diseased knee was painfully restricted to 80° of knee flexion, with the patient increasingly suffering sleeping and resting pain, and also at weight bearing. In standard radiographs, loosening of the TKA due to a large osteolysis at the tibial component was evident. Local computed tomography (CT) of the right knee revealed loosening of the tibial component due to a presumably malign bone tumor. For determination of the final diagnosis a representative biopsy of the tumor was taken by open surgery prior to the tumor resection. Histopathologic evaluation of the biopsy revealed a periprosthetic myxoid chondrosarcoma of the proximal tibia. Pre-operative staging examination included CT scans of lung and abdomen, as well as a bone scintigraphy which revealed no signs of tumor metastasis in the body. Surgical management comprised wide tumor resection and implantation of a hinged tumor knee arthroplasty with replacements of the distal femur and proximal tibia, as well as a patella tendon replacement using a synthetic ligament. Revision surgery was necessary twice due to impaired wound healing and critical soft tissue coverage, and treatment included a gastrocnemius muscle flap with skin mesh graft covering. Unfortunately long-term follow-up examinations could not be obtained, as the patient deceased due to an alveolitis during rehabilitation. In summary, the specifics of this rare case of aseptic TKA loosening, and the unusual circumstances of chondrosarcoma diagnosis and treatment are informative for those providing surgical treatment of similar cases.
Die vorliegende Aufarbeitung der klinischen Daten von Patienten, die wegen eines histologisch gesicherten lokoregionären Rezidives eines fortgeschrittenen Karzinoms des Larynx oder Hypopharynx nach abgeschlossener Induktionschemotherapie mit Paclitaxel und Cisplastin sowie primärer Radiotherapie einer sogenannten Rettungschirurgie (‚Salvage Chirurgie’) unterzogen wurden, ergab ein ungünstiges onkologisches Ergebnis. Bei 16 von 20 Patienten mit histologisch gesicherten lokalen oder regionären Metastasen konnte keine lokoregionäre Tumorkontrolle erzielt werden. Nur zwei von 20 Patienten waren zum Zeitpunkt der Datenerhebung tumorfrei und am Leben. Dieses Ergebnis widerspricht einigen in der Literatur angegebenen positiveren Resultaten von Rettungschirurgie wegen Rezidiven von Kehlkopftumoren, wobei sich diese in der Regel auf weniger fortgeschrittene initiale Tumorstadien beziehen, die bei einem primären Eingriff eine Laryngektomie nicht erforderlich gemacht hätten. Die durchgeführten Salvage Laryngektomien zeichneten sich durch eine hohe Morbidität aus, wobei die therapieresistente pharyngokutane Fistel mit 73,3% Inzidenz im Vordergrund stand. Diese hat neben der erheblichen Beeinträchtigung des Patienten auch zu einer erheblichen Verlängerung der Aufenthaltsdauer und Kosten im Vergleich mit denen einer primären Laryngektomie ohne Vorbehandlung geführt. Wir haben zurzeit keine Lösung für dieses Problem, zu dem in der Literatur ebenfalls unterschiedliche Angaben in sehr unterschiedlichen Patientenkollektiven gemacht werden. Eine ausgedehnte elektive Neck dissection im Rahmen der Laryngektomie bei initial (vor Radiochemotherapie) unauffälligen Lymphknoten ist insofern zu diskutieren, als dass sich ähnlich wie in vergleichbaren Studien auch bei uns histologisch keine Metastasen in der endgültigen histologischen Aufarbeitung nachweisen ließen. Eine Ausräumung der Halslymphknoten wegen persistierender zervikaler Raumforderungen ohne lokale Tumormanifestation kann wegen der geringen Komplikationsrate trotz des relevanten Anteils histologisch tumorfreier Resektate großzügiger indiziert werden. Allerdings zeigte sich bei Vorliegen von histologisch nachgewiesenen Restmetastasen ähnlich wie bei den lokalen Rezidiven ein ungünstiger onkologischer Verlauf. Die Patienten sollten aus unserer Sicht über diese Situation informiert werden, bevor sie sich hinsichtlich des initialen Therapieansatzes (primäre Laryngektomie versus Radiochemotherapie) entschließen. Die Möglichkeit einer Rettungschirurgie mag für die Patienten dabei psychologisch beruhigend wirken, da fälschlicherweise angenommen werden könnte, dass die chirurgische Behandlung durch einen vorangegangenen konservativen Therapieansatz nicht beeinträchtigt würde. Dies kann für unseren Behandlungsansatz allerdings nicht bestätigt werden.
Der primäre Hyperaldosteronismus (PA) stellt aktuell den häufigsten Grund für das Vorliegen einer sekundären Hypertonie dar. Der in der Bestätigungsdiagnostik verwendete Kochsalzbelastungstest basiert dabei auf einem fehlenden Absinken der Aldosteronkonzentration im Testverlauf bei Patient:innen mit PA im Vergleich zu Patient:innen mit essentieller Hypertonie (EH). Die Konzentrationsbestimmung erfolgte bisher mittels Immunoassay. Mit der LC-MS/MS steht jedoch mittlerweile eine weitere wichtige analytische Methode in der quantitativen Bestimmung von Steroidhormonen zur Verfügung, welche in dieser Arbeit im Hinblick auf den Kochsalzbelastungstest untersucht wurde. Hohe Bedeutung kommt außerdem der Subtypdifferenzierung des PA zu, da die Ätiologie der Erkrankung wegweisend für die Art der Therapie ist.
Das Ziel dieser Studie war einerseits die Ermittlung eines LC-MS/MS-spezifischen Aldosteron-Cut-off-Wertes im Kochsalzbelastungstest und die Evaluation des Nutzens der Bestimmung von Steroidprofilen in der Diagnostik des PA.
Zum anderen wurde der diagnostische Nutzen des Orthostasetests zur Unterscheidung von unilateraler und bilateraler Genese bei vorliegendem PA untersucht. Im Rahmen dieser Studien wurden 187 bzw. 158 Patient:innen analysiert, die zwischen 2009 und 2019 bei Verdacht auf oder Vorliegen eines PA im Universitätsklinikum Würzburg vorstellig wurden. Die Diagnose wurde gemäß der aktuellen Leitlinie anhand der Ergebnisse des Kochsalzbelastungstests, NNVKs, Bildgebung und postoperativen Outcomes gestellt. Mithilfe der LC-MS/MS wurden erneut die Aldosteronkonzentrationen der aufbewahrten Serumproben des Kochsalzbelastungstests, sowie ein erweitertes Steroidpanel bestimmt. Unter Verwendung einer ROC-Analyse wurden die jeweils bestehenden Cut-off-Werte optimiert bzw. neu ermittelt. Die mittels Immunoassay bestimmten Aldosteronkonzentrationen lagen um 28 ng/L höher als die mittels LC-MS/MS bestimmten Konzentrationen. Trotzdem lag der neu ermittelte LC-MS/MS-spezifische Aldosteron-Cut-off-Wert für den
Kochsalzbelastungstest bei 69 ng/L und damit höher als der für den Immunoassay geltende, optimierte Aldosteron-Cut-off von 54 ng/L. Unter Verwendung des LC-MS/MS- spezifischen Cut-off-Werts erreichte der Kochsalzbelastungstest eine Sensitivität von 78,6% bei einer Spezifität von 89,3%. Die Sensitivität des Immunoassay-spezifischen Cut-off-Werts betrug 95,2% bei einer Spezifität von 86,9%.
Das Bestimmen des gesamten Steroidprofils führte zu keiner zusätzlichen diagnostischen Information bei Durchführung des Kochsalzbelastungstests.
Bei Betrachtung der gesamten Patient:innenkohorte erreichte der Orthostasetest, basierend auf einem Absinken der Plasmaaldosteronkonzentration nach 4h in Orthostase um ≥ 28% eine Sensitivität von 36,7% bei einer Spezifität von 100%. Wurde das Vorliegen eines gültigen Tests (Cortisolabfall nach 4h ≥ 10%) oder das Vorliegen einer unilateralen Raumforderung in der Bildgebung vorausgesetzt, stieg die Sensitivität des Orthostasetests auf 51,4% bzw. 51,6% bei gleichbleibend hoher Spezifität von 100% an. Abschließend lässt sich sagen, dass der Orthostasetest keine Alternative zum NNVK darstellt, jedoch als einfache, nicht invasive Methode der zusätzlichen Orientierung zur Untersuchung der Ätiologie des PAs dienen kann. Eine prospektive Evaluation der jeweils neu ermittelten Cut-off-Werte wird notwendig sein, um deren Anwendbarkeit im klinischen Alltag zu überprüfen. Außerdem könnte die Bestimmung der Hybridsteroide 18-Oxocortisol und 18-Hydroxycortisol wegweisend für die Genese des PA sein.
Die Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Studie war es, die New Wundartzney von Johannes Beris (in der Ausgabe aus dem Verlag Hermann Gülferich aus Frankfurt am Main von 1552) anhand einer Strukturvorgabe aufzubereiten, so wie Ralf Vollmuth sie in seiner Traumatologie und Feldchirurgie an der Wende vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit erarbeitet hat. Der Hintergrund für die Analyse und Aufarbeitung mittel¬alter¬lich-frühneuzeitlicher wundärztlicher Quellen nach einer Strukturvorgabe ist, eine wissenschaftliche Vergleichbarkeit herzustellen und folglich den Stand der zeitgenössischen medizinischen und pharma¬zeutischen Bildung aufzuzeigen. Die einseitige Rezeption nur der Werke, die eine zahlreiche Auflage erlebten und demnach weit verbreitet und leicht zugänglich waren, ergibt ein verzerrtes Bild des chirurgischen Wissensstands dieser Zeit. Die Struktur des Originaltexts wurde durchbrochen und die erarbeiteten Informationen an die neue, für einen Vergleich geeignete Struktur angepasst.
In diesem Rahmen wurden auch die zahlreichen Wiederholungen von Behand¬lungs¬ansätzen im Original eingekürzt. Diese lassen sich in der Quelle auf die Struktur der Darstellung nach Körperregionen zurückführen und auf die Tatsache, dass zahlreiche Ansätze für mehrere Regionen gleich sind und daher immer wieder erneut vom Verfasser beschrieben werden. In dieser Arbeit werden sie genannt und bei Wiederholung auf die Erstnennung verwiesen.
Leider liefert Beris keine aussagekräftigen Informationen über das Instrumentarium und die chirurgischen Techniken seiner Zeit, sondern beschränkt sich auf die wesent¬li¬chen Aspekte der Behandlung, die sich in vielen Fällen sinngemäß oder fast wörtlich wiederholen. Dies ist jedoch in Anbetracht der Art seiner Schrift, nämlich eines Manuals für seine Schüler, verständlich: Er setzt beim Leser Grund¬wissen voraus, was sich im Werk an einem Mangel an Grundlageninformationen wider¬spiegelt.
Betrachtet man die New Wundarztney, liefert Beris nur wenige innovative Punkte neben der Hygiene und Sauberkeit am Arbeitsplatz des Wundarztes. Auf Sauberkeit zu achten, mahnt er vor allem bei der Ver¬wen¬dung der pharmazeutischen Bestandteile bei der Herstellung der Salben an. Wei¬ter¬hin lehnt er das erneute Brechen von nicht korrekt positionierten und damit disloziert verheilten Brüchen ab, ebenso das chirurgische Entfernen von Pfeilspitzen; er führt so selten wie möglich eine chirurgische Adaptation der Wundränder aus und lässt Pflaster über Tage hinweg ruhen mit dem Hinweis auf bessere Wundheilung bei Ent¬zündungsfreiheit. Ansonsten entsprechen seine Ausführungen dem Stand der Zeit und klassifizieren Beris als Vertreter von unblutigen Therapien.
Die Tatsache, dass die New Wundartzney keine Bildtafeln aufweist, trübt ein wenig das Erscheinungsbild der Quelle, obwohl Bildtafeln in der damaligen Zeit, beispielsweise in gedruckten Handbüchern zur Anatomie und Chirurgie, durchaus üblich waren. Dieses lässt sich darauf zurückführen, dass hier überwiegend Rezepte und Behandlungs¬maßnah¬men für die eigenen Schüler geschildert werden und es sich bei dem Manual um eine wissen¬schaft¬lich eher kleine Schrift handelt.
Insgesamt betrachtet kann somit festgehalten werden, dass die Schrift von Beris nur wenig innovatives Wissen vermittelt. Ihren Anspruch, dem damaligen Wundarzt als praxisorientierte Anleitung zur Behandlung von Wunden und zur Herstellung von Pflastern und Wundtränken zu dienen, erfüllt sie jedoch voll und ganz.
Viel detaillierter hingegen sind die Rezepte in der New Wundartzney, die nicht von Beris selbst stammen und die der Verleger, wie oben erwähnt, als Wissens¬erweite¬rung eingegliedert hat.
Der von Ralf Vollmuth begonnene Katalog von Drogenmonographien konnte anhand der New Wundartzney um 32 neu erarbeitete Beiträge ergänzt werden. Die restlichen 47 der 79 Monographien wurden anhand aktueller Veröffentlichungen verifiziert und wenn notwendig aktualisiert oder ergänzt. Sie stehen damit einer weiteren wissen¬schaft¬lichen Verwen¬dung zur Verfügung. Zum profunderen Studium der Quelle und zur Ergänzung der Arbeit mit einer neuen aktualisierten Textfassung findet man in Kapitel 6 eine Transkription der New Wundartzney.
Die vorliegende Arbeit soll als ein ergänzender Baustein in der Aufarbeitung der spät¬mit¬tel-alterlich-frühneuzeitlichen chirurgischen Quellen und als Beitrag zu einem spä¬te¬ren kritischen Vergleich weiterer Quellen dienen.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) was reported to induce premature organismal aging in fibroblast growth factor-23 (Fgf23) and klotho deficient mice, which is of main interest as 1,25D3 supplementation of its precursor cholecalciferol is used in basic osteoporosis treatment. We wanted to know if 1,25D3 is able to modulate aging processes on a cellular level in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Effects of 100 nM 1,25D3 on hMSC were analyzed by cell proliferation and apoptosis assay, beta-galactosidase staining, VDR and surface marker immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR of 1,25D3-responsive, quiescence-and replicative senescence-associated genes. 1,25D3 treatment significantly inhibited hMSC proliferation and apoptosis after 72 h and delayed the development of replicative senescence in long-term cultures according to beta-galactosidase staining and P16 expression. Cell morphology changed from a fibroblast like appearance to broad and rounded shapes. Long term treatment did not induce lineage commitment in terms of osteogenic pathways but maintained their clonogenic capacity, their surface marker characteristics (expression of CD73, CD90, CD105) and their multipotency to develop towards the chondrogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic pathways. In conclusion, 1,25D3 delays replicative senescence in primary hMSC while the pro-aging effects seen in mouse models might mainly be due to elevated systemic phosphate levels, which propagate organismal aging.
Bei der Implantation von Hüfttotalendoprothesen (HTEP) finden seit etwa 15 Jahren minimalinvasive muskelschonende Zugänge zunehmend Verwendung. Langfristige Daten der Zugänge, insbesondere des minimalinvasiven anterolateralen Zuganges nach Watson-Jones (ALMI) sind in der Literatur bisher nur unzureichend vorhanden.
Methodik: Ziel dieser Studie war es ein Kollektiv nach HTEP Implantation mit ALMI Zugang mit einem Kollektiv nach HTEP Implantation mit lateralem Zugang nach 10 Jahren hinsichtlich Gelenksfunktion, Muskelfunktion, Zufriedenheit und radiologischer Parameter zu vergleichen und etwaige Unterschiede in der Langzeitbilanz zu detektieren.
Zwei Kollektive mit jeweils 29 operierten Hüftgelenken, Erstimplantation durch die gleichen Operateure in den Jahren 2005 bis 2008, wurden im Diakoniewerk München-Maxvorstadt nachuntersucht. Die dafür herangezogenen Parameter waren Harris Hip Score, Forgotten Joint Score-12, klinische Prüfung des Trendelenburg Zeichens, postoperative Röntgenbildgebung, Auftreten von Komplikationen und Narbenlänge.
Ergebnisse & Schlussfolgerungen: Die beiden Kollektive zeigten in den Parametern Harris Hip Score, Forgotten Joint Score und klinische Prüfung des Trendelenburg Zeichens geringfügige Unterschiede zugunsten des ALMI Kollektivs, die jedoch nicht signifikant waren. Beide Kollektive erreichten in den beschriebenen Scores sehr gute bis exzellente Ergebnisse nach 10 Jahren. Das geringere Auftreten eines auffälligen Trendelenburg Zeichens im ALMI Kollektiv (13,8 vs. 6,9 %) gibt Hinweise auf eine verbesserte Funktion der Glutealmuskulatur durch die intraoperative Muskelschonung. Die beiden Zugänge zeigten in den radiologischen Parametern und der Komplikationsrate ebenbürtige Ergebnisse. Vermehrte Fehlpositionierungen wurden im ALMI Kollektiv nicht beobachtet.
Unsere Beobachtungen passen zu den wenigen vorhandenen in der Literatur beschriebenen Ergebnissen von minimalinvasiven muskelschonenden Zugängen in der Langzeitbilanz.
In der Klinik für Handchirurgie Bad Neustadt/Saale wurden in den Jahren 1992-1995 62 Patienten aufgrund einer Lunatumnekrose operiert. Bei der hier vorliegenden Studie handelt es sich um Langzeitergebnisse nach operativer Versorgung. Das operative Spektrum umfasste STT-Fusionen, Panarthrodesen des Handgelenks, Proximal row carpectomy,OP nach Graner, Pisiformetransplantation, Radiusosteotomien.
This study aimed to explore the correlation between imaging patterns and clinical features in patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) who simultaneously underwent 18F-FDG, 11C-Methionine, and 68Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). We retrieved and analyzed clinical characteristics and PET imaging data of 10 patients with SMM. We found a significant correlation between bone marrow (BM) plasma cell (PC) infiltration and mean standardized uptake values (SUV\(_{mean}\)) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 on 11C-Methionine PET/CT scans (r = 0.676, p = 0.031) and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT scans (r = 0.839, p = 0.002). However, there was no significant correlation between BM involvement and SUV\(_{mean}\) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 on 18F-FDG PET/CT scans (r = 0.558, p = 0.093). Similarly, mean target-to-background ratios (TBR\(_{mean}\)) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 also correlated with bone marrow plasma cell (BMPC) infiltration in 11C-Methionine PET/CT (r = 0.789, p = 0.007) and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT (r = 0.724, p = 0.018) PET/CT. In contrast, we did not observe a significant correlation between BMPC infiltration rate and TBR\(_{mean}\) in 18F-FDG PET/CT (r = 0.355, p = 0.313). Additionally, on 11C-Methionine PET/CT scans, we found a significant correlation between BMPC infiltration and TBR\(_{max}\) of lumbar vertebrae L2-L4 (r = 0.642, p = 0.045). In conclusion, 11C-Methionine and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT demonstrate higher sensitivity than 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting BM involvement in SMM.
The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in 37 patients with a history of multiple myeloma (MM) and suspected or confirmed recurrence after stem cell transplantation (SCT). All patients had been heavily pre-treated. Time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were correlated to a number of different PET-derived as well as clinical parameters. Impact on patient management was assessed.
Absence of FDG-avid MM foci was a positive prognostic factor for both TTP and OS (p<0.01). Presence of >10 focal lesions correlated with both TTP (p<0.01) and OS (p<0.05). Interestingly, presence of >10 lesions in the appendicular skeleton proved to have the strongest association with disease progression. Intensity of glucose uptake and presence of extramedullary disease were associated with shorter TTP (p=0.037 and p=0.049, respectively). Manifestations in soft tissue structures turned out to be a strong negative predictor for both, TTP and OS (p<0.01, respectively). PET resulted in a change of management in 30% of patients.
Our data underline the prognostic value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in MM patients also in the setting of post-SCT relapse. PET/CT has a significant impact on patient management.
BACKGROUND:
We observed a disproportional 18 F-fluorothymidine (F-FLT) uptake in follicular lymphoma (FL) relative to its low cell proliferation. We tested the hypothesis that the 'excess' uptake of 18 F-FLT in FL is related to error-prone DNA repair and investigated whether this also contributes to 18 F-FLT uptake in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
METHODS:
We performed immunohistochemical stainings to assess the pure DNA replication marker MIB-1 as well as markers of both DNA replication and repair like PCNA, TK-1 and RPA1 on lymph node biopsies of 27 FLs and 35 DLBCLs. In 7 FL and 15 DLBCL patients, 18 F-FLT-PET had been performed.
RESULTS:
18 F-FLT uptake was lower in FL than in DLBCL (median SUVmax 5.7 vs. 8.9, p = 0,004), but the ratio of 18 F-FLT-SUVmax to percentage of MIB-1 positive cells was significantly higher in FL compared with DLBCL (p = 0.001). The median percentage of MIB-1 positive cells was 10% (range, 10% to 20%) in FL and 70% (40% to 80%) in DLBCL. In contrast, the median percentages of PCNA, TK-1 and RPA1 positive cells were 90% (range, 80 to 100), 90% (80 to 100) and 100% (80 to 100) in FL versus 90% (60 to 100), 90% (60 to 100) and 100% (80 to 100) in DLBCL, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first demonstration of a striking discordance between 18 F-FLT uptake in FL and tumour cell proliferation. High expression of DNA replication and repair markers compared with the pure proliferation marker MIB-1 in FL suggests that this discordance might be due to error-prone DNA repair. While DNA repair-related 18 F-FLT uptake considerably contributes to 18 F-FLT uptake in FL, its contribution to 18 F-FLT uptake in highly proliferative DLBCL is small. This apparently high contribution of DNA repair to the 18 F-FLT signal in FL may hamper studies where 18 F-FLT is used to assess response to cytostatic therapy or to distinguish between FL and transformed lymphoma.
Tbe 2',3'-dideoxy analogue of the potent A\(_1\) receptor agonist, N\(^6\)-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), was synthesized as a potential antagonist for the A\(_1\) adenosine receptor. In sturlies on adenylate cyclase 2',3'-dideoxy-N\(^6\)-cyclohexyladenosine (ddCHA) did not show agonist properties at A\(_1\) or at A\(_2\) receptors. However, it antagonized the inhibition by R-PIA of adenylate cyclase activity of fat cell membranes via A\(_1\) receptors with a K\(_i\) value of 13 \(\mu\)M. ddCHA competed for the binding of the selective A1 receptor antagonist, [\(^3\) HJ8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxantbine ([\(^3\)H]DPCPX), to rat brain membranes with a K\(_i\) value of 4.8 \(\mu\)M; GTP did not affect the competition curve. In contrast to the marked stereoselectivity of the A\(_1\) receptor for the cx- and the natural ß-anomer of adenosine, the cx-anomer of ddCHA showed a comparable affinity for the A\(_1\) receptor (K\(_i\) value 13.9 \8\mu\)M). These data indicate that the 2'- and 3'-hydroxy groups of adenosine and its derivatives are required foragonist activity at and high affinity binding to A\(_1\) adenosine receptors and for the distinction between the cx- and ß-forms.
In the search for more selective A2-receptor agonists and on the basis that appropriate substitution at C2 is known to impart selectivity for A\(_2\) receptors, 2-alkynyladenosines 2a-d were resynthesized and evaluated in radioligand binding, adenylate cycla.se, and platelet aggregation studies. Binding of [\(^3\)H]NECA to A\(_2\) receptors of rat striatal membranes was inhibited by compounds 2a-d with K\(_i\) values ranging from 2.8 to 16.4 nM. 2-Alkynyladenosines also exhibited high-affmity binding at solubilized A\(_2\) receptors from human platelet membranes. Competition of 2-alkynyladenosines 2a-d for the antagonist radioligand [\(^3\)H]DPCPX and for the agonist [\(^3\)H]CCPA gave K\(_i\) values in the nanomolar range, and the compounds showed moderate A\(_2\) selectivity. In order to improve this selectivity, the correaponding 2-alkynyl derivatives of adenosine-5'-N-ethyluronamide 8a-d were synthesized and tested. A\(_1\) expected, the 5'-N-ethyluronamide derivatives retained the A\(_2\) affinity whereas the A\(_1\) affinity was attenuated, resulting in an up to 10-fold increase in A\(_2\) selectivity. A similar patternwas observed in adenylate cyclase assays andin platelet aggregation studies. A 30- to 45-fold selectivity for platelet A\(_2\) receptors compared to A\(_1\) receptors was found for compounds 8a-c in adenylate cyclase studies.
The tritiated analogue of 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), an adenosine derivative with subnanomolar affinity and a 10000-fold selectivity for A1 adenosine receptors, has been examined as a new agonist radioligand. [3H]CCP A was prepared with a specifi.c radioactivity of 1.58 TBqjmmol ( 43 Ci/mmol) and bound in a reversible manner to A1 receptors from rat brain membranes with a high affinity K0 -value of 0.2 nmol/1. In the presence of GTP a K0 -value of 13 nmol/1 was determined for the low affinity state for agonist binding. Competition of several adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists for [3H]CCPA binding to rat brain membranes confrrmed binding to an A1 receptor. Solubilized A1 receptors bound [3H]CCPA with similar affinity for the high affinity state. At solubilized receptors a reduced association rate was observed in the presence of MgC12, as has been shown for the agonist [ 3H]N6-phenylisopropyladenosine ([3H]PIA). [3H]CCPA was also used for detection of A1 receptors in rat cardio myocyte membranes, a tissue with a very low receptor density. A K0 -value of 0.4 nmol/1 and a Bmax-value of 16 fmol/ mg protein was determined in these membranes. In human platelet membranes no specific binding of [3H]CCPA was measured at concentrations up to 400 nmoljl, indicating that A2 receptors did not bind [3H]CCPA. Based on the subnanomolar affinity and the high selectivity for A1 receptors [ 3H]CCPA proved to be a useful agonist radioligand for characterization of A 1 adenosine receptors also in tissues with very low receptor density.
2-Chloro-N\(^6\)-cyclopentyladenosine: a highly selective agonist at A\(_1\) adenosine receptors
(1988)
2-Chloro-N\(^6\)-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) was synthesized as a potential high affinity ligand for At adenosine receptors. Binding of [\(^3\)H]PIA to A1 receptors of rat brain membranes was inhibited by CCP A with a Ki-value of 0.4 nM, compared to a Ki-value of 0.8 nM for the parent compound N\(^6\)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA). Binding of [\(^3\)H]NECA to A\(_2\) receptors of rat striatal membranes was inhibited with a Ki-value of 3900 nM, demonstrating an almost 10,000-fold A\(_1\)-selectivity of CCPA. CCP A inhibited the activity of rat fat cell membrane adenylate cyclase, a model for the A\(_1\) receptor, with an IC\(_{50}\)-value of 33 nM, and it stimulated the adenylate cyclase activity of human platelet membranes with an EC\(_{50}\)-value of 3500 nM. The more than 100-fold A\(_1\)-selectivity compares favourably with a 38-fold selectivity of CPA. Thus, CCPA is an agonist at A\(_1\) adenosine receptors with a 4-fold higher selectivity and 2-fold higher affinity than CPA, and a considerably higher selectivity than the standard At receptor agonist R-N\(^6\) -phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA). CCP A represents the agonist with the highest selectivity for A\(_1\) receptors reported so far.
Salivary gland tumors are a rare tumor entity within malignant tumors of all tissues. The most common are malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and acinic cell carcinoma. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most recurrent form of benign salivary gland tumor. Due to their low incidence rates and complex histological patterns, they are difficult to diagnose accurately. Malignant tumors of the salivary glands are challenging in terms of differentiation because of their variability in histochemistry and translocations. Therefore, the primary goal of the study was to review the current literature to identify the recent developments in histochemical diagnostics and translocations for differentiating salivary gland tumors.
Magnetresonanzspektroskopie (MRS) erlaubt die nicht- invasive Untersuchung der Konzentrationen von Stoffwechselprodukten und Ionen im Herzen. Der Gesamtnatrium (Na)-Gehalt könnte für die Untersuchung der Vitalität von Myokardgewebe verwendet werden jedoch gibt es keine Berichte über die Entwicklung des Na-Gehalts während der Narbenentwicklung nach einem Myokardinfarkt (MI) am Modell der Koronarligatur in der Ratte. Ratten wurden einer Ligatur des Ramus interventricularis anterior unterzogen. Myokardgewebe von Kontrolltieren sowie infarziertes Gewebe wurde 1, 3, 7, 28 und 56 Tage postoperativ entnommen und der Na-Gehalt mittels 23Na-MRS und Ionenchromatographie bestimmt. Der Na-Gehalt nach MI war zu allen Zeitpunkten bei beiden Bestimmungsmethoden auf Werte zwischen 306 und 160% des Kontrollwertes erhöht (n= 6-8) je Gruppe, p<0.01 vs. Kontrolle). Der Na-Gehalt ist im chronisch infarzierten Myokardgewebe zu allen Zeitpunkten erhöht. Damit kann überlebendes Myokard von Infarktnarbe anhand des Na-Gehalts unterschieden werden. Diese Information könnte in der 23Na-Magnetresonanzbildgebung (MRI) zur Bestimmung der Infarktnarbe eine klinische Anwendung finden.
Growth, ageing and atherosclerotic plaque development alter the biomechanical forces acting on the vessel wall. However, monitoring the detailed local changes in wall shear stress (WSS) at distinct sites of the murine aortic arch over time has been challenging. Here, we studied the temporal and spatial changes in flow, WSS, oscillatory shear index (OSI) and elastic properties of healthy wildtype (WT, n = 5) and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe\(^{−/−}\), n = 6) mice during ageing and atherosclerosis using high-resolution 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Spatially resolved 2D projection maps of WSS and OSI of the complete aortic arch were generated, allowing the pixel-wise statistical analysis of inter- and intragroup hemodynamic changes over time and local correlations between WSS, pulse wave velocity (PWV), plaque and vessel wall characteristics. The study revealed converse differences of local hemodynamic profiles in healthy WT and atherosclerotic Apoe\(^{−/−}\) mice, and we identified the circumferential WSS as potential marker of plaque size and composition in advanced atherosclerosis and the radial strain as a potential marker for vascular elasticity. Two-dimensional (2D) projection maps of WSS and OSI, including statistical analysis provide a powerful tool to monitor local aortic hemodynamics during ageing and atherosclerosis. The correlation of spatially resolved hemodynamics and plaque characteristics could significantly improve our understanding of the impact of hemodynamics on atherosclerosis, which may be key to understand plaque progression towards vulnerability.
Background
Endovascular revascularization has become the first-line treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI). The qualitative visual analysis of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is dependent on observer experience and prone to interpretation errors. We evaluate the feasibility of 2D-Perfusion Angiography (2D-PA) for objective, quantitative treatment response assessment in CMI.
Methods
49 revascularizations in 39 patients with imaging based evidence of mesenteric vascular occlusive disease and clinical signs of CMI were included in this retrospective study. To assess perfusion changes by 2D-PA, DSA-series were post-processed using a dedicated, commercially available software. Regions of interest (ROI) were placed in the pre- and post-stenotic artery segment. In aorto-ostial disease, the inflow ROI was positioned at the mesenteric artery orifice. The ratios outflow to inflow ROI for peak density (PD), time to peak and area-under-the-curve (AUC) were computed and compared pre- and post-interventionally. We graded motion artifacts by means of a four-point scale. Feasibility of 2D-PA and changes of flow parameters were evaluated.
Results
Motion artifacts due to a mobile vessel location beneath the diaphragm or within the mesenteric root, branch vessel superimposition and inadequate contrast enhancement at the inflow ROI during manually conducted DSA-series via selective catheters owing to steep vessel angulation, necessitated exclusion of 26 measurements from quantitative flow evaluation. The feasibility rate was 47%. In 23 technically feasible assessments, PD\(_{outflow}\)/PD\(_{inflow}\) increased by 65% (p < 0.001) and AUC\(_{outflow}\)/AUC\(_{inflow}\) increased by 85% (p < 0.001). The time to peak density values in the outflow ROI accelerated only minimally without reaching statistical significance. Age, BMI, target vessel (celiac trunk, SMA or IMA), stenosis location (ostial or truncal), calcification severity, plaque composition or the presence of a complex stenosis did not reach statistical significance in their distribution among the feasible and non-feasible group (p > 0.05).
Conclusions
Compared to other vascular territories and indications, the feasibility of 2D-PA in mesenteric revascularization for CMI was limited. Unfavorable anatomic conditions contributed to a high rate of inconclusive 2D-PA results.
Da die häufigste Ursache der pathologischen Mamillensekretion ein benigner Prozess ist, sollte die Diagnostik mittels nicht invasiver Verfahren im Vordergrund stehen. Dabei stellt die Kernspintomographie eine wichtige Modalität dar, vor allem wenn die Mammographie und die Mammasonographie keine Befunde zeigen. In dieser Studie wurden Patientinnen mit pathologischer Mamillensekretion mittels MR-Mammographie bei 3,0 Tesla und anschließend mittels Galaktographie untersucht.
Von Juli 2009 bis Juni 2012 wurden 50 Patientinnen in die Studie eingeschlossen, die eine pathologische Mamillensekretion zeigten und einer MR-Mammographie bei 3,0 Tesla zustimmten. Bei allen Studienteilnehmerinnen waren sowohl die Mammographie als auch die Mammasonographie negativ oder zeigten einen unklaren Befund. Weitere Einschlusskriterien waren im Normbereich liegende Nieren- und Prolaktinwerte.
Sechs Patientinnen zeigten einen beidseitigen Ausfluss. Hier wurden beide Brüste in die Studie eingeschlossen, so dass insgesamt 56 Fälle mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 51,2 Jahren (Standardabweichung ± 12,8 Jahre, Median 52,5 Jahre) betrachtet wurden. Ältere Patientinnen zeigten dabei häufiger maligne Ursachen als jüngere, ohne Nachweis eines signifikanten Unterschieds (p = 0,272).
Bei der klinischen Untersuchung war in 44,6% (25/56) ein nicht-blutiger und in 55,4% (31/56) ein blutiger Ausfluss erkennbar. Die Inzidenz der Malignität in der Gruppe der blutigen Sekretion war höher (19,4% vs. 8,0%), jedoch nicht signifikant (p = 0,23). In der Literatur wird davon berichtet, dass bei blutigem Ausfluss das Risiko für ein Mammakarzinom höher ist. Es wird aber auch darauf hingewiesen, dass bei einem nicht-blutigen Ausfluss ein Malignom keinesfalls ausgeschlossen werden kann.
Die häufigste Ursache der pathologischen Mamillensekretion war, wie auch in der Literatur berichtet wird, mit 39,4% ein Papillom. Insgesamt wurde in 14,8% ein Malignom nachgewiesen. Dies ist etwas höher als die vergleichbaren Angaben von 2% - 10% in der Literatur.
Es bestand ein signifikanter, direkt proportionaler Zusammenhang zwischen Größe in der MR-Mammographie und Malignität (p = 0,019). Ein Phänomen, das Liberman et al. ebenfalls beschrieben. Sowohl sie als auch Langer et al. empfehlen somit bei Läsionen, die kleiner als 5 mm sind, aufgrund der geringen Malignomrate auf eine Biopsie zu verzichten. Auch in der vorliegenden Studie waren alle Läsionen < 5 mm benigne.
Zwischen der MR-mammographisch geschätzten Größe und der histopathologisch ermittelten Größe konnte eine signifikant hohe Korrelation gezeigt werden (Korrelationskoeffizient nach Pearson 0,095, p < 0,0001). Dabei wurden die Befunde in der Kernspintomographie tendenziell größer dargestellt. Die gleiche Erfahrung machten auch Son et al. und Schouten van der Velden et al..
Die Ergebnisse der MR-Mammographie wurden mit der danach durchgeführten Galaktographie verglichen. Ein wichtiger Nachteil der Galaktographie zeigte sich in der eingeschränkten Durchführbarkeit. In 23,3% konnte diese nicht erfolgreich beendet werden. In der Literatur wird von ähnlichen Prozentsätzen gesprochen. Zusätzlich erzielten wir im Vergleich zur MR-Mammographie sowohl eine geringere Sensitivität (86% vs. 96%) als auch eine niedrigere Spezifität (33% vs. 70%) für die Galaktographie, was sicherlich auch die Schwierigkeit der Unterscheidung zwischen benignen und malignen Befunden bei einer Galaktographie widerspiegelt. Morrogh et al. verglichen die Galaktographie mit der MR-Mammographie bei 1,5 Tesla ebenfalls bei Patientinnen mit pathologischer Mamillensekretion und negativer Standarddiagnostik. Die von ihnen berichtete Sensitivität von 83% für die MR-Mammographie ist vergleichbar mit der der vorliegenden Studie (75%). Bei 1,5 Tesla erreichten sie allerdings nur eine Spezifität von 62%, die geringer ist als die von uns errechnete Spezifität von 88%. Auch andere Studien referieren eine höhere Spezifität bei höherer Feldstärke.
Um dies allerdings aussagekräftig zu zeigen, muss eine intraindividuelle Studie bei 1,5 Tesla und 3,0 Tesla durchgeführt werden.
Zusammenfassend kann man jedoch sagen, dass die Galaktographie durch die nicht invasive, strahlungsfreie MR-Mammographie bei der Untersuchung von Patientinnen mit pathologischer Mamillensekretion ersetzt werden sollte, insbesondere wenn die Standarddiagnostik keine auffälligen Befunde liefern konnte.
Die 31-P-Magnetresonanz-Spektroskopie (31-P-MRS) ist eine nicht-invasive Methode, welche einen direkten Einblick in den Phospholipid-Haushalt der menschlichen Leber erlaubt. Mit der 31-P-MR-Spektroskopie wurden Spektren von 10 Patienten mit Leberzirrhose sowie von 13 gesunden Probanden in Kombination mit dem Lokalisationsverfahren 3D-CSI und dem Nachbearbeitungsprogramm SLOOP (Spectral Localization with Optimal Pointspread Funktion) gewonnen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie ergaben signifikante Unterschiede in den Absolutkonzentrationen der Phospholipide zwischen Patienten mit Leberzirrhose und lebergesunden Probanden.
Background
Elbow imaging is challenging with conventional multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), while cone-beam CT (CBCT) provides superior options. We compared intra-individually CBCT versus MDCT image quality in cadaveric elbows.
Methods
A twin robotic x-ray system with new CBCT mode and a high-resolution clinical MDCT were compared in 16 cadaveric elbows. Both systems were operated with a dedicated low-dose (LD) protocol (equivalent volume CT dose index [CTDI\(_{vol(16 cm)}\)] = 3.3 mGy) and a regular clinical scan dose (RD) protocol (CTDI\(_{vol(16 cm)}\) = 13.8 mGy). Image quality was evaluated by two radiologists (R1 and R2) on a seven-point Likert scale, and estimation of signal intensity in cancellous bone was conducted. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) statistics were used.
Results
The CBCT prototype provided superior subjective image quality compared to MDCT scans (for RD, p ≤ 0.004; for LD, p ≤ 0.001). Image quality was rated very good or excellent in 100% of the cases by both readers for RD CBCT, 100% (R1) and 93.8% (R2) for LD CBCT, 62.6% and 43.8% for RD MDCT, and 0.0% and 0.0% for LD MDCT. Single-measure ICC was 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.91–0.97; p < 0.001). Software-based assessment supported subjective findings with less “undecided” pixels in CBCT than dose-equivalent MDCT (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found between LD CBCT and RD MDCT.
Conclusions
In cadaveric elbow studies, the tested cone-beam CT prototype delivered superior image quality compared to high-end multidetector CT and showed a potential for considerable dose reduction.
2D electrophysiology is often used to determine the electrical properties of neurons, while in the brain, neurons form extensive 3D networks. Thus, performing electrophysiology in a 3D environment provides a closer situation to the physiological condition and serves as a useful tool for various applications in the field of neuroscience. In this study, we established 3D electrophysiology within a fiber-reinforced matrix to enable fast readouts from transfected cells, which are often used as model systems for 2D electrophysiology. Using melt electrowriting (MEW) of scaffolds to reinforce Matrigel, we performed 3D electrophysiology on a glycine receptor-transfected Ltk-11 mouse fibroblast cell line. The glycine receptor is an inhibitory ion channel associated when mutated with impaired neuromotor behaviour. The average thickness of the MEW scaffold was 141.4 ± 5.7µm, using 9.7 ± 0.2µm diameter fibers, and square pore spacings of 100 µm, 200 µm and 400 µm. We demonstrate, for the first time, the electrophysiological characterization of glycine receptor-transfected cells with respect to agonist efficacy and potency in a 3D matrix. With the MEW scaffold reinforcement not interfering with the electrophysiology measurement, this approach can now be further adapted and developed for different kinds of neuronal cultures to study and understand pathological mechanisms under disease conditions.
3D printing is a rapidly evolving field for biological (bioprinting) and non-biological applications. Due to a high degree of freedom for geometrical parameters in 3D printing, prototype printing of bioreactors is a promising approach in the field of Tissue Engineering. The variety of printers, materials, printing parameters and device settings is difficult to overview both for beginners as well as for most professionals. In order to address this problem, we designed a guidance including test bodies to elucidate the real printing performance for a given printer system. Therefore, performance parameters such as accuracy or mechanical stability of the test bodies are systematically analysed. Moreover, post processing steps such as sterilisation or cleaning are considered in the test procedure. The guidance presented here is also applicable to optimise the printer settings for a given printer device. As proof of concept, we compared fused filament fabrication, stereolithography and selective laser sintering as the three most used printing methods. We determined fused filament fabrication printing as the most economical solution, while stereolithography is most accurate and features the highest surface quality. Finally, we tested the applicability of our guidance by identifying a printer solution to manufacture a complex bioreactor for a perfused tissue construct. Due to its design, the manufacture via subtractive mechanical methods would be 21-fold more expensive than additive manufacturing and therefore, would result in three times the number of parts to be assembled subsequently. Using this bioreactor we showed a successful 14-day-culture of a biofabricated collagen-based tissue construct containing human dermal fibroblasts as the stromal part and a perfusable central channel with human microvascular endothelial cells. Our study indicates how the full potential of biofabrication can be exploited, as most printed tissues exhibit individual shapes and require storage under physiological conditions, after the bioprinting process.
Background
Percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) is increasingly performed in patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Post-procedural MR grading is challenging and an unsettled issue. We hypothesised that the direct planimetry of vena contracta area (VCA) by 3D–transoesophageal echocardiography allows quantifying post-procedural MR and implies further prognostic relevance missed by the usual ordinal scale (grade I-IV).
Methods
Based on a single-centre PMVR registry containing 102 patients, the association of VCA reduction and patients’ functional capacity measured as six-minute walk distance (6 MW) was evaluated. 3D–colour-Doppler datasets were available before, during and 4 weeks after PMVR.
Results
Twenty nine patients (age 77.0 ± 5.8 years) with advanced heart failure (75.9% NYHA III/IV) and severe degenerative (34%) or functional (66%) MR were eligible. VCA was reduced in all patients by PMVR (0.99 ± 0.46 cm\(^2\) vs. 0.22 ± 0.15 cm\(^2\), p < 0.0001). It remained stable after median time of 33 days (p = 0.999). 6 MW improved after the procedure (257.5 ± 82.5 m vs. 295.7 ± 96.3 m, p < 0.01). Patients with a decrease in VCA less than the median VCA reduction showed a more distinct improvement in 6 MW than patients with better technical result (p < 0.05). This paradoxical finding was driven by inferior results in very large functional MR.
Conclusions
VCA improves the evaluation of small residual MR. Its post-procedural values remain stable during a short-term follow-up and imply prognostic information for the patients’ physical improvement. VCA might contribute to a more substantiated estimation of treatment success in the heterogeneous functional MR group.
Zielsetzung: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, eine dreidimensionale landmarkenunabhängige Analyse von Asymmetrien der Gesichtsweichteile in Abhängigkeit von Art, Ausmaß und Lokalisation der Asymmetrie, der Art der Dysgnathie und dem dysgnathiespezifischen Operationsverfahren durchzuführen. Zusätzlich wurde anhand eines Fragebogens von Kieferorthopäden, Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgen und Laien eine individuelle Bewertung der Lokalisation von Gesichtsasymmetrien sowie eine Einstufung der Attraktivität der Patientengesichter vorgenommen. Material und Methode: Gegenstand der Untersuchung war eine Gruppe von Dysgnathiepatienten, von denen 20 Patienten eine skelettale Klasse II und 20 Patienten eine skelettale Klasse III aufwiesen. Die Kontrollgruppe setzte sich aus 20 Probanden mit einer skelettalen Klasse I zusammen. Mit dem optischen Sensor FaceScan3D wurden die Gesichtsoberflächen mittels phasenmessender Triangulation erfasst und die entstandenen Bilder mit Hilfe der Software 3D-Viewer bearbeitet. Ergebnisse: Sowohl der präoperativ als auch der postoperativ ermittelte Asymmetriegrad der Patientengruppe lag signifikant über dem der Kontrollgruppe. Es konnte zwar insgesamt eine operativ bedingte Verringerung des Asymmetriegrades beobachtet werden, eine signifikante Senkung der Gesichtsasymmetrie blieb aber aus. Schlussfolgerung: Die dreidimensionale Bilddarstellung von Gesichtsasymmetrien stellt bei hoher Reproduzierbarkeit eine präzisere Diagnostik dar als die Photographie. Die gewonnene Zusatzinformation kann unterstützend zur Therapieplanung und zur Patientenaufklärung herangezogen werden.
Der 3D-Druck ist ein elementarer Bestandteil der Biofabrikation. Beispielsweise wird mittels Biotinten und einem geeigneten 3D-Druckverfahren Schicht für Schicht eine Geometrie aufgebaut. Durch die Gestaltung von mikrofluidischen Druckköpfen wird eine Möglichkeit geschaffen multiple Materialansätze im Druckkopf zu vermischen und so in einem bestimmten Mischungsverhältnis zu drucken.
Mit dem DLP-SLA-Drucker Vida HD Crown and Bridge (EnvisionTEC) und dem Harz E-Shell 600 (EnvisionTEC) wurden zunächst die Auflösungsgrenzen des Druckers ermittelt sowie Komponenten für die Realisierung eines mikrofluidischen Druckkopfes prozessiert.
Bei den Komponenten handelt es sich zum einen um Geometrien, die beispielsweise als Mischeinheit im Kanal dienen können und des Weiteren um senkrechte Kanäle die Biotinten führen können, sowie um Kanäle, die als Zuläufe für den Hauptkanal des mikrofluidischen Druckkopfs dienen können.
Die Eigenschaften und die technische Realisierbarkeit der gedruckten Objekte wurden eruiert.
Dabei wurden die jeweiligen Geometrien und Kanalöffnungen vermessen, große Aspektverhältnisse der Geometrien untersucht und die Durchgängigkeit der Kanäle geprüft.
Zukünftig können die prozessierten Komponenten für einen mikrofluidischen Druckkopf variabel kombiniert werden und auf dieser Basis weiterführende Experimente stattfinden.
71 Studierende nahmen am Universitätsklinikum Würzburg in der Abteilung für Zahnärztliche Prothetik an einem freiwilligen Übungsseminar zum Aufpassen von Kronen mit Störstellen, die im 3D-Druckverfahren hergestellt wurden, teil. Das Übungsseminar fand an zwei Terminen statt. Zum Identifizieren der Störstellen standen Xantopren und Okklusionsspray zur Verfügung. Nach dem praktischen Teil der Übung wurde ein Fragebogen ausgefüllt. Zusätzlich wurden die aufgepassten Kronen mittels Laborscanner digitalisiert und mit einer Krone ohne Störstellen überlagert. Dadurch konnten positive und negative Oberflächenabweichungen für die Bereiche der Störstellen sowie der Gesamtinnenfläche der Kronen ermittelt werden.
Die flächenbezogenen Abweichungswerte zeigten einen signifikanten Lernerfolg – gemessen anhand der Passungsparameter - zwischen den beiden Terminen des Übungsseminars. Hierbei erreichten Kronen, die mit Okklusionsspray aufgepasst wurden, signifikant geringere flächenbezogene Abweichungswerte im Vergleich zu Kronen, die mit Xantopren aufgepasst wurden.
Die Auswertung der mit Schulnoten skalierten Fragen ergab signifikante Unterschiede bei der Bewertung der Härte, eines realitätsnahen Gefühls beim Einschleifen bzw. beim Aufpassen und Details wie Randschluss. Beim Vergleich der Aufpassmethoden im Fragebogen ergaben die Einfachheit beim Aufpassen, das Identifizieren der Störstellen und das präferierte Material signifikante Unterschiede. Der subjektive Lernerfolg mit den Materialien zeigte ebenfalls signifikante Unterschiede. Insbesondere die Materialeigenschaften und die Randgenauigkeit der Druckkronen wurden häufig kritisiert, die schnelle und einfache Möglichkeit zur Herstellung von Übungsmaterialien sowie deren Reproduzierbarkeit wurden von den Studierenden hingegen begrüßt.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit präparierten Studierende 3D-gedruckte Übungszähne, in denen die korrekte Präparation eines Veneers farblich abgesetzt war. Die neue Lehrmethode wurde durch die Teilnehmer in einem Fragebogen evaluiert und zusätzlich wurden die Präparationen digital mit einer Referenzpräparation verglichen. Die Teilnehmer des praktischen Kurses schätzten die Zweischichttechnik als gute Lehrmethode ein (Ø 2,0 ± 0,37) und gaben zahlreiche Vorteile der Zweischichttechnik an.
Die digitale Auswertung der präparierten Zähne konnte unter den Limitationen der vorliegenden Studie keine signifikant schlechtere Präparationsqualität nach zweimaligem Präparieren von einschichtigen Modellzähnen als nach zweimaligem Präparieren von zweischichtigen Übungszähnen nachweisen (p = 0,91).
Der Lernerfolg der Studierenden erwies sich durch in Zweischichttechnik gedruckte Zähne mit integriertem Veneer nicht besser als durch einschichtige Modellzähne (〖ΔL〗_A= -0,01; 〖ΔL〗_B= -0,03). Der Unterschied zwischen den Präparationsergebnissen des ersten und vierten Durchgangs war allerdings nicht signifikant (Gruppe A: Ø GMW+/- 0,17 ± 0,07 → Ø GMW+/- 0,18 ± 0,05, p = 0,317; Gruppe B: Ø GMW+/- 0,15 ± 0,07 → 0,18 ± 0,09, p = 0.066). Gründe hierfür könnten unter anderem Ermüdung und sinkende Motivation während des praktischen Kurses gewesen sein. Diesem Problem könnte Rechnung getragen werden, indem folgende Studien an mehreren Terminen durchgeführt werden. Auch eine mögliche Fokussierung der Studierenden auf das Ablösen der oberen Schicht sowie die unterschiedliche Härte der beiden Schichten könnten einen besseren Lernerfolg mit zweischichtigen Übungszähnen verhindert haben.
Die Teilnehmer, die ihre manuellen Fertigkeiten als besonders gut einschätzen, präparierten mit einer durchschnittlichen mittleren absoluten Abweichung von 0,17 ± 0,07 nicht signifikant besser als die Teilnehmer mit geringer Selbsteinschätzung, welche eine mittlere absolute Abweichung von 0,16 ± 0,05 (p = 0 ,967) erreichten.
Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte die Herstellung phasenreiner ß-Tricalciumphosphat (ß-TCP) - Implantate durch 3D-Pulverdruck zum Ziel. Variiert wurden hierbei die zum Druck verwendeten Pulver-Binder-Systeme. Als Verfestigungsmechanismen wurden hydraulisch abbindende Pulver-Binder-Systeme aus Tricalciumphosphat / Phosphorsäure bzw. Tetracalciumphosphat / Citronensäure untersucht, sowie der Zusatz quellfähiger Polymere zum Pulver, etwa Polyacrylsäure oder Hydroxypropylmethyl-Cellulose. Die gedruckten Strukturen wurden anschließend in Hinblick auf die zu erreichende Auflösung, die mechanischen Eigenschaften und die Zusammensetzung des Endproduktes verglichen.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden erstmals im 3D-Pulerdruckverfahren hergestellte Struvit-Matrizes auf ihre Eignung als Trägermaterial für Knochenzellen in vitro untersucht. Hierzu wurde die Zytokompatibilität sowie die chemische Löslichkeit von gedruckten Struvit-Strukturen betrachtet. In einem zweiten Schritt wurde untersucht, ob die biologische Funktion von BMP-2-Lösungen nach Durchlaufen des Druckprozesses erhalten bleibt und ob es möglich ist, BMP-2 unter Beibehaltung seiner biologischen Wirksamkeit direkt in Struvit-Matrizes zu drucken. Als Reaktanten zur Herstellung der Struvit-Matrizes wurde modifiziertes Farringtonit-Pulver mit definierter Körnung und eine äquimolare Binder-Lösung aus DAHP und ADHP verwendet. Die untersuchten Zellkulturträger mit Magnesiumammoniumphosphatchemie zeigten eine ausreichende Zytokompatibilität in vitro. Außerdem wurde gezeigt, dass thermolabile Proteine wie BMP-2 im 3D-Pulverdruckverfahren unter weitgehender Beibehaltung ihrer biologischen Wirksamkeit in vitro grundsätzlich prozessierbar sind. Die Freisetzung direkt eingedruckter Proteine aus den Struvit-Matrizes blieb jedoch hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Mit Struvit steht ein alternatives Zementsystem für den 3D-Pulverdruck zur Verfügung, welches spezifische Vorteile gegenüber den etablierten Calciumphosphaten bietet. Weitere Untersuchungen sind erforderlich, um die Ursache für die geringe BMP-Freisetzung aus den Struvit-Matrizes zu ermitteln und die Vorteile der neutralen Abbindereaktion voll nutzen zu können.
Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden retrospektiven Studie wurde untersucht, ob die präoperativ festgelegten Verlagerungsmaße mittels 3D-Rekonstruktionen aus DVT-Daten ermittelbar sind. Anschließend wurde anhand eines Patientenkollektivs die Umsetzung der Verlagerungsmaße evaluiert. Zur Auswertung wurden standardisierte Modelle und DVT-Scans von 35 Patienten herangezogen. Die Modelle sowie die DVT-Daten wurden im Zeitraum von November 2007 bis September 2009 erstellt. Alle Patienten wurden in der Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie der Universität Würzburg aufgrund einer Dysgnathie behandelt. Für die Auswahl der Patienten spielte weder das Alter, das Geschlecht noch der Schweregrad der Dysgnathie eine Rolle. Die Auswertung erfolgte postoperativ durch zwei unabhängige Prüfer, wobei die Patienten zufällig verteilt wurden. Bevor die Umsetzung der Verlagerungsmaße evaluiert wurde, sind die Methodik und die Genauigkeit der Messungen überprüft worden. Die Vermessung der Modelle wurde manuell durchgeführt. Die Analyse der DVT-Daten erfolgte mit einer 3D-Software. Die Ergebnisse der Methodik sind statistisch deskriptiv ausgewertet und interpretiert worden. Für die Evaluation wurde eine kumulative Verteilung erstellt und bewertet. In dieser Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass man anhand von prä- und postoperativ erstellten DVT-Daten die bei der präoperativen Modell-OP festgelegten Verlagerungsmaße mit den postoperativ erzeugten 3D-Rekonstruktionen vergleichend messen kann. Allerdings ist bei Diskrepanzen der Werte von weniger als 0,97mm von Messungenauigkeiten auszugehen. Desweiteren kann anhand dieser Nachuntersuchung festgehalten werden, dass die Ergebnisse bei 7 der 9 Parameter in 77%-95% der Fälle keine Diskrepanzen aufweisen, die über dem klinisch geforderten Maß liegen. Die einzigen Parameter, die aufgrund der Datenlage eine andere Interpretation nach sich ziehen, sind die Angaben, die hinsichtlich der sagittalen Verlagerung im Unterkiefer gemacht werden. Hierbei kommt es in etwa 40% der Fälle zu Differenzen zwischen den prä- und postoperativen Verlagerungsmaßen, die deutlich größer als 2mm sind. Dabei kann in ca. 60% der Fälle eine zu kleine und in ca. 40% eine zu große Verlagerung festgestellt werden. Eine Aussage über die Feststellung hinaus, dass diese Differenzen bestehen, ist mittels dieser Studie nicht zulässig. Dies liegt zum einen an dem kleinen Patientenkollektiv, das zusätzlich in sich inhomogen war und bei dem unterschiedliche Operationsverfahren zum Einsatz kamen. Die Gründe für diese Unterschiede bzw. deren klinische Relevanz sollte das Ziel einer künftigen Arbeit sein. Allerdings kann durch diese Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass die digitale Volumentomographie dazu verwendet werden kann, bei Dysgnathiepatienten das Operationsziel zu überprüfen und bei Komplikationen zu eruieren, ob der Fehler auf die skelettale Verlagerung zurückzuführen ist oder ob eine andere Ursache ausgemacht werden muss.
1 Einleitung 2 Material und Methoden 2.1 IVF und ICSI 2.1.1 Patientenkollektiv 2.1.2 IVF- und ICSI-Behandlung 2.2 Kryoembryotransfer (KET) 2.2.1 Patientenkollektiv 2.2.2 KET-Vorgehen 2.3 3D-Ultraschallmessung 2.4 Embryotransfer und Schwangerschaftsnachweis 2.5 Statistische Auswertung 3 Ergebnisse 3.1 IVF und ICSI 3.1.1 Unterschied Schwangere versus Nicht-Schwangere 3.1.2 Schwangerschaftsraten 3.1.3 Messungen am Endometrium 3.1.4 Grenzwert 3.1.5 Embryonenqualität 3.1.6 Odds Ratio 3.2 Kryoembryotransfer (KET) 3.2.1 Unterschied Schwangere versus Nicht-Schwangere 3.2.2 Schwangerschaftsrate 3.2.3 Messungen am Endometrium 3.2.4 KET-spontan versus KET-artifiziell 4 Diskussion 4.1 Entwicklung im Bereich der Ultraschalldiagnostik 4.2 Reproduzierbarkeit der Ultraschallmessungen 4.3 Rolle des Endometriums 4.3.1 Zusammenhang zwischen Endometriumdicke und Schwangerschaft 4.3.2 Zusammenhang zwischen Endometriummuster und Schwangerschaft 4.3.3 Zusammenhang zwischen Endometriumvolumen und Schwangerschaftsrate 4.3.3.1 Abhängigkeit der Schwangerschaftsrate vom Endometriumvolumen beim Transfer von frischen Embryo 4.3.3.2 Abhängigkeit der Schwangerschaftsrate vom Endometriumvolumen beim Kryoembryotransfer 4.4 Abschließende Betrachtung 5 Zusammenfassung 6 Literaturverzeichnis
6 Zusammenfassung
Die 3D-stereophotogrammetrische Analyse ermöglicht ohne Strahlenbelastung und ohne Narkose zusätzlich eine zeitlich nahe prä- und postoperative Datenerfassung und damit die Vergleichsmöglichkeit der direkten operativen Effekte.
Die 3D-stereophotogrammetrische Analyse der operativen Effekte nach breiter medianer Kraniektomie bei prämaturen Sagittalnahtsynostosen zeigte einen positiven Effekt auf
• die Zirkumferenz des Kopfes
• die Breite des Kopfes
• den CI-Index
• die koronale Zirkumferenz und
• das intrakranielle Gesamtvolumen.
Es wurde bei allen 20 Patienten durch die breite mediane Kraniektomie sowohl eine ästhetische Verbesserung der Kopfform (Abnahme der Länge des Kopfes, Zunahme der Breite des Kopfes) wie auch eine Zunahme des intrakraniellen Gesamtvolumens erreicht.
Besonders hervorzuheben ist nach breiter medianer Kraniektomie bei prämaturen Sagittalnahtsynostosen die postoperative Zunahme des intrakraniellen Gesamtvolumens bei gleichzeitiger ästhetischer Verbesserung der Kopfform.
Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte zum Ziel, eine dreidimensionale Weichteilanalyse zu entwickeln. Basierend auf einem Kollektiv von insgesamt 53 weiblichen und 47 männlichen Patienten wurden Fernröntgenseitenaufnahmen und dreidimensionale, stereophotogrammetrische Aufnahmen erstellt. Um die Qualität und Aussagekraft der erzielten Ergebnisse bewerten zu können, wurde die Reliabilität aller verwendeten Messpunkte überprüft. Es wurden vertikale 3D-Durchschnittswerte ermittelt und Korrelationen zwischen den vertikalen kephalometrischen Parametern der Fernröntgenseitenanalyse und den vertikalen 3D-Weichteilparametern der Stereophotogrammetrie dargestellt. Die Weichteilanalyse wies eine zufriedenstellende Reliabilität und gleichzeitig hochsignifikante Korrelationen zur FRS-Analyse auf. Somit zeigte sich die Wahl der Weichteilpunkte für 3D-Analysen geeignet und kann als Grundlage und Referenz für weitere 3D-Weichteil-untersuchungen dienen.
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is frequently caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), and MCPyV-positive tumor cells depend on expression of the virus-encoded T antigens (TA). Here, we identify 4-[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]-2H-phenyl-1-phthalazinone (PHT) — a reported inhibitor of Aurora kinase A — as a compound inhibiting growth of MCC cells by repressing noncoding control region (NCCR)-controlled TA transcription. Surprisingly, we find that TA repression is not caused by inhibition of Aurora kinase A. However, we demonstrate that β-catenin — a transcription factor repressed by active glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) — is activated by PHT, suggesting that PHT bears a hitherto unreported inhibitory activity against GSK3, a kinase known to function in promoting TA transcription. Indeed, applying an in vitro kinase assay, we demonstrate that PHT directly targets GSK3. Finally, we demonstrate that PHT exhibits in vivo antitumor activity in an MCC xenograft mouse model, suggesting a potential use in future therapeutic settings for MCC.
lt is known that 5-azacytidine (5-AC) induces tumors in several organs of rats and mice. The mechanisms of these effects are still poorly understood although it is known that 5-AC can be incorporated into DNA. Furthermore, it can inhibit DNA methylation. The known data on its clastogenic andjor gene mutation-inducing potential are still controversial. Therefore, we have investigated the kinds of genotoxic effects caused by 5-AC in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) fibroblasts. Three different endp6ints (micronucleus formation, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) and cell transforrnation) were assayed under similar conditions of metabolism and dose at target in this cell system. 5-AC induces morphological transformation of SHE cells, but not UDS. Therefore, 5-AC does not seem to cause repairable DNA lesions. Furthermore, our studies revealed that 5-AC is a potent inducer of mkronuclei in the SHE system. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that a certain percentage of these contain kinetochores indicating that 5-AC may induce both clastogenic events and numerical chromosome changes.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether spatial hippocampus-dependent learning is affected by the serotonergic system and stress. Therefore, 5-HTT knockout (-/-), heterozygous (+/-) and wildtype (+/+) mice were subjected to the Barnes maze (BM) and the Morris water maze (WM), the latter being discussed as more aversive. Additionally, immediate early gene (IEG) expression, hippocampal adult neurogenesis (aN), and blood plasma corticosterone were analyzed.
While the performance of 5-HTT-/- mice in the BM was undistinguishable from both other genotypes, they performed worse in the WM. However, in the course of the repeated WM trials 5-HTT-/- mice advanced to wildtype level. The experience of a single trial of either the WM or the BM resulted in increased plasma corticosterone levels in all genotypes. After several trials 5-HTT-/- mice exhibited higher corticosterone concentrations compared with both other genotypes in both tests. Corticosterone levels were highest in 5-HTT-/- mice tested in the WM indicating greater aversiveness of the WM and a greater stress sensitivity of 5-HTT deficient mice.
Quantitative immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus revealed increased cell counts positive for the IEG products cFos and Arc as well as for proliferation marker Ki67 and immature neuron marker NeuroD in 5-HTT-/- mice compared to 5-HTT+/+ mice, irrespective of the test. Most differences were found in the suprapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus of the septal hippocampus. Ki67-immunohistochemistry revealed a genotype x environment interaction with 5-HTT genotype differences in naïve controls and WM experience exclusively yielding more Ki67-positive cells in 5-HTT+/+ mice. Moreover, in 5-HTT-/- mice we demonstrate that learning performance correlates with the extent of aN.
Overall, higher baseline IEG expression and increased an in the hippocampus of 5-HTT-/- mice together with increased stress sensitivity may constitute the neurobiological correlate of raised alertness, possibly impeding optimal learning performance in the more stressful WM.
Anxiety disorders and depression are common comorbidities in cardiac patients. Mice lacking the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) exhibit increased anxiety-like behavior. However, the role of 5-HTT deficiency on cardiac aging, and on healing and remodeling processes after myocardial infarction (MI), remains unclear. Cardiological evaluation of experimentally naïve male mice revealed a mild cardiac dysfunction in ≥4-month-old 5-HTT knockout (−/−) animals. Following induction of chronic cardiac dysfunction (CCD) by MI vs. sham operation 5-HTT−/− mice with infarct sizes >30% experienced 100% mortality, while 50% of 5-HTT+/− and 37% of 5-HTT+/+ animals with large MI survived the 8-week observation period. Surviving (sham and MI < 30%) 5-HTT−/− mutants displayed reduced exploratory activity and increased anxiety-like behavior in different approach-avoidance tasks. However, CCD failed to provoke a depressive-like behavioral response in either 5-Htt genotype. Mechanistic analyses were performed on mice 3 days post-MI. Electrocardiography, histology and FACS of inflammatory cells revealed no abnormalities. However, gene expression of inflammation-related cytokines (TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6) and MMP-2, a protein involved in the breakdown of extracellular matrix, was significantly increased in 5-HTT−/− mice after MI. This study shows that 5-HTT deficiency leads to age-dependent cardiac dysfunction and disrupted early healing after MI probably due to alterations of inflammatory processes in mice.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are among the most prescribed antidepressants. Fluoxetine is the lead molecule which exerts its therapeutic effects, at least in part, by promoting neuroplasticity through increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related receptor kinase B (TrkB) signalling. It is unclear however, to which extent the neuroplastic effects of fluoxetine are solely mediated by the inhibition of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT). To answer this question, the effects of fluoxetine on neuroplasticity were analysed in both wild type (WT) and 5-Htt knock-out (KO) mice. Using Western blotting and RT-qPCR approaches, we showed that fluoxetine 10 µM activated BDNF/TrkB signalling pathways in both CD1 and C57BL/6J mouse primary cortical neurons. Interestingly, effects on BDNF signalling were observed in primary cortical neurons from both 5-Htt WT and KO mice. In addition, a 3-week in vivo fluoxetine treatment (15 mg/kg/d; i.p.) increased the expression of plasticity genes in brains of both 5-Htt WT and KO mice, and tended to equally enhance hippocampal cell proliferation in both genotypes, without reaching significance. Our results further suggest that fluoxetine-induced neuroplasticity does not solely depend on 5-HTT blockade, but might rely, at least in part, on 5-HTT-independent direct activation of TrkB.
Background: The role of serotonin (5-hydroxytrptamine, 5-HT) in the modulation of pain has been widely studied. Previous work led to the hypothesis that 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), a main metabolite of serotonin, might by itself influence pain thresholds. Results: In the present study, we investigated the role of 5-HIAA in inflammatory pain induced by intraplantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paw of mice. Wild-type mice were compared to mice deficient of the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT-/- mice) using behavioral tests for hyperalgesia and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine tissue levels of 5-HIAA. Wild-type mice reproducibly developed thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema for 5 days after CFA injection. 5-HTT-/- mice treated with CFA had reduced thermal hyperalgesia on day 1 after CFA injection and normal responses to heat hereafter. The 5-HIAA levels in spinal cord and sciatic nerve as measured with HPLC were lower in 5-HTT-/- mice than in wild-type mice after CFA injection. Pretreatment of wild-type mice with intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), a serotonin synthesis inhibitor, resulted in depletion of the 5-HIAA content in spinal cord and sciatic nerve and decrease in thermal hyperalgesia in CFA injected mice. The application of exogenous 5-HIAA resulted in potentiation of thermal hyperalgesia induced by CFA in 5-HTT-/- mice and in wild-type mice pretreated with p- CPA, but not in wild-type mice without p-CPA pretreatment. Further, methysergide, a broad-spectrum serotonin receptor antagonist, had no effect on 5-HIAA-induced potentiation of thermal hyperalgesia in CFA-treated wildtype mice. Conclusion: Taken together, the present results suggest that 5-HIAA plays an important role in modulating peripheral thermal hyperalgesia in CFA induced inflammation, probably via a non-serotonin receptor mechanism.
Two 5-methylcytosine (5-MeC)-rich heterochromatic regions were demonstrated in metaphase chromosomes of the Indian muntjac by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal anti-5-MeC antibody. The metaphases were obtained from diploid and triploid cell lines. A major region is located in the ‘neck' of the 3;X fusion chromosome and can be detected after denaturation of the chromosomal DNA with UV-light irradiation for 1 h. It is located exactly at the border of the X chromosome and the translocated autosome 3. A minor region is found in the centromeric region of the free autosome 3 after denaturing the chromosomal DNA for 3 h or longer. The structure and possible function of the major hypermethylated region as barrier against spreading of the X-inactivation process into the autosome 3 is discussed.
Background: Ga-[1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N0,N00,N000-tetraacetic acid]-d-Phe1,Tyr3-octreotate (DOTATATE) positron emission tomography (PET) is commonly used for the visualization of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-positive neuroendocrine tumors. SSTR is also known to be expressed on macrophages, which play a major role in inflammatory processes in the walls of coronary arteries and large vessels. Therefore, imaging SSTR expression has the potential to visualize vulnerable plaques. We assessed 68Ga-DOTATATE accumulation in large vessels in comparison to 18F-2-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, calcified plaques (CPs), and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Sixteen consecutive patients with neuroendocrine tumors or thyroid cancer underwent both 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging or restaging purposes. Detailed clinical data, including common cardiovascular risk factors, were recorded. For a separate assessment, they were divided into a high-risk and a low-risk group. In each patient, we calculated the maximum target-to-background ratio (TBR) of eight arterial segments. The correlation of the TBRmean of both tracers with risk factors including plaque burden was assessed. Results: The mean TBR of 68Ga-DOTATATE in all large arteries correlated significantly with the presence of CPs (r = 0.52; p < 0.05), hypertension (r = 0.60; p < 0.05), age (r = 0.56; p < 0.05), and uptake of 18F-FDG (r = 0.64; p < 0.01). There was one significant correlation between 18F-FDG uptake and hypertension (0.58; p < 0.05). Out of the 37 sites with the highest focal 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake, 16 (43.2%) also had focal 18F-FDG uptake. Of 39 sites with the highest 18F-FDG uptake, only 11 (28.2%) had a colocalized 68Ga-DOTATATE accumulation. Conclusions: In this series of cancer patients, we found a stronger association of increased 68Ga-DOTATATE uptake with known risk factors of cardiovascular disease as compared to 18F-FDG, suggesting a potential role for plaque imaging in large arteries. Strikingly, we found that focal uptake of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG does not colocalize in a significant number of lesions.
Vitamin B6 deficiency has been linked to cognitive impairment in human brain disorders for decades. Still, the molecular mechanisms linking vitamin B6 to these pathologies remain poorly understood, and whether vitamin B6 supplementation improves cognition is unclear as well. Pyridoxal phosphatase (PDXP), an enzyme that controls levels of pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP), the co-enzymatically active form of vitamin B6, may represent an alternative therapeutic entry point into vitamin B6-associated pathologies. However, pharmacological PDXP inhibitors to test this concept are lacking. We now identify a PDXP and age-dependent decline of PLP levels in the murine hippocampus that provides a rationale for the development of PDXP inhibitors. Using a combination of small molecule screening, protein crystallography and biolayer interferometry, we discover and analyze 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) as a direct and potent PDXP inhibitor. 7,8-DHF binds and reversibly inhibits PDXP with low micromolar affinity and sub-micromolar potency. In mouse hippocampal neurons, 7,8-DHF increases PLP in a PDXP-dependent manner. These findings validate PDXP as a druggable target. Of note, 7,8-DHF is a well-studied molecule in brain disorder models, although its mechanism of action is actively debated. Our discovery of 7,8-DHF as a PDXP inhibitor offers novel mechanistic insights into the controversy surrounding 7,8-DHF-mediated effects in the brain.
The properties of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) as an antagonist ligand for A\(_1\) adenosirre receptors were examined and conipared with other radioligands for this receptor. DPCPX competitively antagonized both the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity via A\(_1\) adenosirre receptors and the stimulationvia A\(_2\) adenosirre receptors. The K\(_i\)-values of this antagonism were 0.45 nM at the A\(_1\) receptor of rat fat cells, and 330 nM at the A\(_2\) receptor of human platelets, giving a more than 700-fold A\(_1\)-selectivity. A similar A\(_1\)-selectivity was determined in radioligand binding studies. Even at high concentrations, DPCPX did not significantly inhibit the soluble cAMPphosphodiesterase activity of human platelets. [\(^3\)H]DPCPX (105 Ci/mmol) bound in a saturable manner with high affinity to A\(_1\) receptors in membranes of bovine brain and heart, and rat brain and fat cells (K\(_D\) -values 50-190 pM). Its nonspecific binding was about 1% of total at K\(_D\) , except in bovine myocardial membranes (about 10%). Binding studies with bovine myocardial membranes allowed the analysis of both the high and low agonist affinity states of this receptor in a tissue with low receptor density. The binding properties of [\(^3\)H]DPCPX appear superior to those of other agonist and antagonist radioligands for the A\(_1\) receptor.
In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist die Anzahl der degenerativen Gelenkerkrankungen wie die Coxarthrose und somit die Zahl der zu implantierenden Hüfttotalendoprothesen stark gestiegen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, langfristige Ergebnisse zementierter Titanschaftprothesen in Bezug auf aseptische Lockerungen zu ermitteln. Von den in der Orthopädischen Universitätsklinik Würzburg implantierten Hüfttotalendoprothesen von Januar 1990 bis März 1992 konnten nach durchschnittlich 9 Jahren 110 Hüfttotalendoprothesen klinisch und radiologisch nachuntersucht werden. Zum Zeitpunkt der Kontrolluntersuchung hatten die Patienten ein mittleres Alter von 76 Jahren. In allen Fällen wurden Müller-Geradschaftprothesen mit einer Ti-6A1-7Nb-Legierung in matter Oberfläche, Biolox®-Keramik-Köpfe sowie Knochenzement Palacos-® verwendet. Es wurde bei 4 Hüft-TEPs wegen aseptischer Lockerung ein Prothesenwechsel durchgeführt. Das nachuntersuchte Patientengut wurde in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt. Gruppe A rekrutierte sich aus denjenigen Patienten, bei denen keine radiologischen Lockerungszeichen erkennbar waren. Die Patienten mit mehr als einem Lysesaum jedoch mit festem Sitz der Schaftprothese im Vergleich zu den postoperativen Röntgenbildern wurden der Gruppe B zugeordnet. Letztendlich bildeten die Patienten mit ausgeprägten Lockerungszeichen bzw. vollständig gelockerte Prothesen die Gruppe C. Der Harris-Hip-Score der Gruppe A mit 85 ( 13) Punkten und der Gruppe B mit 86 ( 14) Punkten zeigte gute Ergebnisse. Der Harris-Score lag in der Gruppe C bei 76 (± 5) Punkten und erreichte somit ein mäßiges Ergebnis. Im Vergleich zu den Gruppen A und B erwies sich diese Punktezahl als signifikant schlechter. Die Patienten mit ausgeprägten Lockerungszeichen waren signifikant jünger (im Mittel 6 Jahre) als die der Gruppe ohne Lockerungssäume. Ebenfalls fanden wir einen signifikanten Unterschied im Bezug auf das Körpergewicht, Körpergewicht im Verhältnis zu zementierter Schaftoberfläche und Harris-Score (88 vs. 75 kg; 1,5 vs. 1,0 kg/cm; 76 vs. 85). Für Geschlecht, Schaftgröße, Schaftart, Aktivität, heterotope Ossifikationen und Body-Maß-Index traf dies nicht zu. Unter Berücksichtigung der erhobenen Daten (Harris-Hüft-Score und Quotient des Körpergewichts zur zementierten Schaftoberfläche) sollte eine möglichst große Prothese implantiert werden, um das Körpergewicht auf eine große Schaftoberfläche zu verteilen. Insgesamt hat sich die zementierte Müller-Geradschaftprothese aus Titanlegierung bewährt, so dass sie für die Behandlung von Nickelallergiker zu empfehlen ist.
High programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression and copy number alterations (CNAs) of the corresponding genomic locus 9p24.1 in Hodgkin- and Reed–Sternberg cells (HRSC) have been shown to be associated with favourable response to anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition in relapsed/refractory (r/r) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). In the present study, we investigated baseline 9p24.1 status as well as PD-L1 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II protein expression in 82 biopsies from patients with early stage unfavourable cHL treated with anti-PD-1-based first-line treatment in the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) NIVAHL trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03004833). All evaluated specimens showed 9p24.1 CNA in HRSC to some extent, but with high intratumoral heterogeneity and an overall smaller range of alterations than reported in advanced-stage or r/r cHL. All but two cases (97%) showed PD-L1 expression by the tumour cells in variable amounts. While MHC-I was rarely expressed in >50% of HRSC, MHC-II expression in >50% of HRSC was found more frequently. No obvious impact of 9p24.1 CNA or PD-L1 and MHC-I/II expression on early response to the highly effective anti-PD-1-based NIVAHL first-line treatment was observed. Further studies evaluating an expanded panel of potential biomarkers are needed to optimally stratify anti-PD-1 first-line cHL treatment.
Stem cell therapy holds great promise for tissue regeneration and cancer treatment, although its efficacy is still inconclusive and requires further understanding and optimization of the procedures. Non-invasive cell tracking can provide an important opportunity to monitor in vivo cell distribution in living subjects. Here, using a combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and in vitro 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) direct cell labelling, the feasibility of engrafted stem cell monitoring was tested in multiple animal species. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were incubated with phosphate-buffered saline containing [18F]FDG for in vitro cell radiolabelling. The pre-labelled MSCs were administrated via peripheral vein in a mouse (n=1), rats (n=4), rabbits (n=4) and non-human primates (n=3), via carotid artery in rats (n=4) and non-human primates (n=3), and via intra-myocardial injection in rats (n=5). PET imaging was started 10 min after cell administration using a dedicated small animal PET system for a mouse and rats. A clinical PET system was used for the imaging of rabbits and non-human primates. After MSC administration via peripheral vein, PET imaging revealed intense radiotracer signal from the lung in all tested animal species including mouse, rat, rabbit, and non-human primate, suggesting administrated MSCs were trapped in the lung tissue. Furthermore, the distribution of the PET signal significantly differed based on the route of cell administration. Administration via carotid artery showed the highest activity in the head, and intra-myocardial injection increased signal from the heart. In vitro [18F]FDG MSC pre-labelling for PET imaging is feasible and allows non-invasive visualization of initial cell distribution after different routes of cell administration in multiple animal models. Those results highlight the potential use of that imaging approach for the understanding and optimization of stem cell therapy in translational research.
We have recently demonstrated CXCR4 overexpression in vestibular schwannomas (VS). This study investigated the feasibility of CXCR4-directed positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of VS using the radiolabeled chemokine ligand [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor.
Methods: 4 patients with 6 primarily diagnosed or pre-treated/observed VS were enrolled. All subjects underwent [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT prior to surgical resection. Images were analyzed visually and semi-quantitatively for CXCR4 expression including calculation of tumor-to-background ratios (TBR). Immunohistochemistry served as standard of reference in three patients.
Results: [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT was visually positive in all cases. SUV\(_{mean}\) and SUV\(_{max}\) were 3.0 ± 0.3 and 3.8 ± 0.4 and TBR\(_{mean}\) and TBR\(_{max}\) were 4.0 ± 1.4 and 5.0 ± 1.7, respectively. Histological analysis confirmed CXCR4 expression in tumors.
Conclusion: Non-invasive imaging of CXCR4 expression using [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT of VS is feasible and could prove useful for in vivo assessment of CXCR4 expression.
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a key factor for tumor growth and metastasis in several types of human cancer including multiple myeloma (MM). Proof-of-concept of CXCR4-directed radionuclide therapy in MM has recently been reported. This study assessed the diagnostic performance of the CXCR4-directed radiotracer [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor in MM and a potential role for stratifying patients to CXCR4-directed therapies.
Thirty-five patients with MM underwent [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET/CT for evaluation of eligibility for endoradiotherapy. In 19/35 cases, [\(^{18}\)F]FDG-PET/CT for correlation was available. Scans were compared on a patient and on a lesion basis. Tracer uptake was correlated with standard clinical parameters of disease activity.
[\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET detected CXCR4-positive disease in 23/35 subjects (66%). CXCR4-positivity at PET was independent from myeloma subtypes, cytogenetics or any serological parameters and turned out as a negative prognostic factor. In the 19 patients in whom a comparison to [\(^{18}\)F]FDG was available, [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET detected more lesions in 4/19 (21%) subjects, [\(^{18}\)F]FDG proved superior in 7/19 (37%). In the remaining 8/19 (42%) patients, both tracers detected an equal number of lesions. [\(^{18}\)F]FDG-PET positivity correlated with [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET positivity (p=0.018).
[\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor-PET provides further evidence that CXCR4 expression frequently occurs in advanced multiple myeloma, representing a negative prognostic factor and a potential target for myeloma specific treatment. However, selecting patients for CXCR4 directed therapies and prognostic stratification seem to be more relevant clinical applications for this novel imaging modality, rather than diagnostic imaging of myeloma.
\(^{11}\)C-methionine-PET in multiple myeloma: a combined study from two different institutions
(2017)
\(^{11}\)C-methionine (MET) has recently emerged as an accurate marker of tumor burden and disease activity in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This dual-center study aimed at further corroboration of the superiority of MET as positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for staging and re-staging MM, as compared to \(^{18}\)F-2`-deoxy-2`-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG).
78 patients with a history of solitary plasmacytoma (n=4), smoldering MM (SMM, n=5), and symptomatic MM (n=69) underwent both MET- and FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) at the University Centers of Würzburg, Germany and Navarra, Spain. Scans were compared on a patient and on a lesion basis. Inter-reader agreement was also evaluated. In 2 patients, tumor biopsies for verification of discordant imaging results were available.
MET-PET detected focal lesions (FL) in 59/78 subjects (75.6%), whereas FDG-PET/CT showed lesions in only 47 patients (60.3%; p<0.01), accordingly disease activity would have been missed in 12 patients. Directed biopsies of discordant results confirmed MET-PET/CT results in both cases.
MET depicted more FL in 44 patients (56.4%; p<0.01), whereas in two patients (2/78), FDG proved superior. In the remainder (41.0%, 32/78), both tracers yielded comparable results. Inter-reader agreement for MET was higher than for FDG (κ = 0.82 vs κ = 0.72).
This study demonstrates higher sensitivity of MET in comparison to standard FDG to detect intra- and extramedullary MM including histologic evidence of FDG-negative, viable disease exclusively detectable by MET-PET/CT. MET holds the potential to replace FDG as functional imaging standard for staging and re-staging of MM.
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an essentially incurable hematologic malignancy. However, new treatment modalities and novel drugs have been introduced and thus additional tools for therapy monitoring are increasingly needed. Therefore, we evaluated the radiotracers \(^{11}\)C-Methionine (paraprotein-biosynthesis) and \(^{18}\)F-FDG (glucose-utilization) for monitoring response to anti-myeloma-therapy and outcome prediction. Influence of proteasome-inhibition on radiotracer-uptake of different MM cell-lines and patient-derived CD138\(^{+}\) plasma cells was analyzed and related to tumor-biology. Mice xenotransplanted with MM. 1S tumors underwent MET- and FDG-\(\mu\)PET. Tumor-to-background ratios before and after 24 h, 8 and 15 days treatment with bortezomib were correlated to survival. Treatment reduced both MET and FDG uptake; changes in tracer-retention correlated with a switch from high to low CD138-expression. In xenotransplanted mice, MET-uptake significantly decreased by 30-79% as early as 24 h after bortezomib injection. No significant differences were detected thus early with FDG. This finding was confirmed in patient-derived MM cells. Importantly, early reduction of MET-but not FDG-uptake correlated with improved survival and reduced tumor burden in mice. Our results suggest that MET is superior to FDG in very early assessment of response to anti-myeloma-therapy. Early changes in MET-uptake have predictive potential regarding response and survival. MET-PET holds promise to individualize therapies in MM in future.
Background
\(^{177}\)Lu is used in peptide receptor radionuclide therapies for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. Based on the recent literature, SST2 antagonists are superior to agonists in tumor uptake. The compound OPS201 is the novel somatostatin antagonist showing the highest SST2 affinity. The aim of this study was to measure the in vivo biodistribution and dosimetry of \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201 in five anesthetized Danish Landrace pigs as an appropriate substitute for humans to quantitatively assess the absorbed doses for future clinical applications.
Results
\(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201 was obtained with a specific activity ranging from 10 to 17 MBq/μg. Prior to administration, the radiochemical purity was measured as s > 99.7 % in all cases. After injection, fast clearance of the compound from the blood stream was observed. Less than 5 % of the injected activity was presented in blood 10 min after injection. A series of SPECT/CT and whole-body scans conducted until 10 days after intravenous injection showed uptake mostly in the liver, spine, and kidneys. There was no visible uptake in the spleen. Blood samples were taken to determine the time-activity curve in the blood. Time-activity curves and time-integrated activity coefficients were calculated for the organs showing visible uptake. Based on these data, the absorbed organ dose coefficients for a 70-kg patient were calculated with OLINDA/EXM. For humans after an injection of 5 GBq \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201, the highest predicted absorbed doses are obtained for the kidneys (13.7 Gy), the osteogenic cells (3.9 Gy), the urinary bladder wall (1.8 Gy), and the liver (1.0 Gy). No metabolites of 177Lu-OPS201 were found by radio HPLC analysis. None of the absorbed doses calculated will exceed organ toxicity levels.
Conclusions
The \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201 was well tolerated and caused no abnormal physiological or behavioral signs. In vivo distributions and absorbed doses of pigs are comparable to those observed in other publications. According to the biodistribution data in pigs, presented in this work, the expected radiation exposure in humans will be within the acceptable range.
\(^{11}\)C-methionine (\(^{11}\)C-MET) is a new positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for the assessment of disease activity in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, with preliminary data suggesting higher sensitivity and specificity than \(^{18}\)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (\(^{18}\)F-FDG). However, the value of tumor burden biomarkers has yet to be investigated. Our goals were to corroborate the superiority of \(^{11}\)C-MET for MM staging and to compare its suitability for the assessment of metabolic tumor burden biomarkers in comparison to \(^{18}\)F-FDG. Twenty-two patients with newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve symptomatic MM who had undergone \(^{11}\)C-MET and \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT were evaluated. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were determined and compared with total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) for both tracers: total lesion glycolysis (TLG) and total lesion \(^{11}\)C-MET uptake (TLMU). PET-derived values were compared to Revised International Staging System (R-ISS), cytogenetic, and serologic MM markers such as M component, beta 2 microglobulin (B2M), serum free light chains (FLC), albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In 11 patients (50%), \(^{11}\)C-MET detected more focal lesions (FL) than FDG (p < 0.01). SUVmax, SUVmean, SUVpeak, TMTV, and TLMU were also significantly higher in \(^{11}\)C-MET than in \(^{18}\)F-FDG (p < 0.05, respectively). \(^{11}\)C-MET PET biomarkers had a better correlation with tumor burden (bone marrow plasma cell infiltration, M component; p < 0.05 versus p = n.s. respectively). This pilot study suggests that \(^{11}\)C-MET PET/CT is a more sensitive marker for the assessment of myeloma tumor burden than \(^{18}\)F-FDG. Its implications for prognosis evaluation need further investigation.
11C-Methionin (11C-MET) ist ein alternatives Radiopharmakon für die Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) zur Beurteilung der Krankheitsaktivität bei Patient/-innen mit Multiplem Myelom (MM). Frühe Daten legen eine höhere Sensitivität und Spezifität als bei dem bisherigen Standardtracer 18F-Fluordesoxyglucose (18F-FDG) nahe. Es fehlen bislang jedoch Untersuchungen, welche die neuen, aus PET-Daten abgeleiteten Parameter „metabolic tumor volume“ (MTV) und „total lesion glycolysis / total lesion methionin uptake“ (TLG/TLMU) in diesen Vergleich miteinbeziehen. In früheren Studien konnte bereits eine prognostische Aussagekraft dieser neuen Imaging Parameter für die 18F-FDG-PET/CT gezeigt werden. Das Ziel dieser bizentrischen Studie war es, die sich im Rahmen bisheriger Studienergebnisse andeutende Überlegenheit von 11C-MET für das Staging des MM zu überprüfen und seine Eignung für die Bewertung von metabolischen Imaging Parametern im Vergleich zu 18F-FDG zu untersuchen.
Zweiundzwanzig Patient/-innen mit neu diagnostiziertem unbehandelten MM, davon 15 Patient/-innen des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg und sieben Patient/-innen der Clinica Universidad de Navarra in Pamplona, die eine doppelte PET/CT-Bildgebung unter Verwendung der beiden Tracer 11C-MET und 18F-FDG innerhalb eines Zeitraums von maximal 14 Tagen erhalten hatten, wurden retrospektiv durch den Doktoranden (Oliver Viering) sowie eine nuklearmedizinische Assistenzärztin (Maria I. Morales-Lozano) und im Anschluss durch je eine PET/CT-Expert/-in des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg (Constantin Lapa) und der Clinica Universidad de Navarra (Maria J. Garcia-Velloso) untersucht.
Hierfür wurden die 18F-FDG- und 11C-MET-PET/CT-Aufnahmen einer dreidimensionalen Analyse mit Hilfe des "PET/CT-Viewer Beth Israel for FIJI" unterzogen. Diese open source Software ermöglichte die Berechnung von SUVmean, SUVmax und SUVpeak sowie der neuen Imaging Biomarker MTV und TLG/TLMU. Die genannten PET-Parameter wurden mit klinischen und laborchemischen Parametern (Hämoglobin, Calcium, Kreatinin, CRP, β2-Mikroglobulin, Albumin, M-Gradient/M-Protein, Knochenmarkinfiltration, LDH, freier Leichtketten-quotient, R-ISS, zytogenetisches Risiko) korreliert, welche in früheren Studien als prognostisch relevante Parameter der Myelom-Erkrankung identifiziert worden waren.
Bei elf der 22 Patient/-innen (50 %) wurden mithilfe von 11C-MET mehr fokale Läsionen als mit 18F-FDG nachgewiesen (p < 0,01), daneben konnte bei einer größeren Zahl von Patient/-innen eine diffuse Knochenmarkinfiltration durch die malignen Plasmazellen identifiziert werden (11C-MET: 19, 18F-FDG: 12). Sowohl die SUV-Parameter (SUVmean, SUVmax und SUVpeak) als auch die neuen Imaging Parameter (TMTV und TLG/TLMU) waren bei der 11C-MET- signifikant höher als bei der 18F-FDG-PET/CT (p < 0,05).
In Bezug auf die neuen Imaging Parameter zeigten sich für 11C-MET häufiger signifikante Korrelationen mit den prognostisch relevanten klinischen und laborchemischen Parametern als für 18F-FDG. Bei TMTV konnten für die 11C-MET-PET/CT signifikante Korrelationen für β2-Mikroglobulin (p = 0,006), die M-Komponente (p = 0,003), den Grad der Knochenmarkinfiltration (p = 0,007) und das Serum-Hämoglobin (p = 0,016) gefunden werden, wohingegen sich bei 18F-FDG lediglich eine signifikante Korrelation für β2-Mikroglobulin (p = 0,044) zeigte. In Bezug auf die TLG/TLMU konnten bei 18F-FDG keine signifikanten Korrelationen zwischen TLG und den klinischen und laborchemischen Parametern nachgewiesen werden. Bei 11C-MET zeigten sich hingegen signifikante Korrelationen zwischen dem TLMU und der Kalzium-Konzentration im Serum (p = 0,028), dem β2-Mikroglobulin (p = 0,047), der M-Komponente (p = 0,033) und dem Grad der Knochenmarkinfiltration (p = 0,041).
Trotz zahlreicher Limitationen dieser Arbeit, wie etwa der geringen Patientenzahl und des retrospektiven Charakters der Auswertung bekräftigt auch diese Studie in Übereinstimmung mit den bisherigen Studienergebnissen, dass 11C-MET im Vergleich zu 18F-FDG ein sensitiverer Marker für die Beurteilung der Myelom-Tumorlast sein könnte. Eine Untersuchung der prognostischen Aussagekraft von 11C-MET in Bezug auf progressionsfreies- und Gesamtüberleben im Zuge der primären Bildgebung der Erkrankung war aufgrund der kurzen Nachbeobachtungszeit und der Heterogenität der Behandlung, welche die Patient/-innen im Anschluss an die Staging-Untersuchungen erhalten hatten, nicht möglich und muss im Rahmen zukünftiger, insbesondere prospektiver Studien weiter untersucht werden.
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET imaging for prostate cancer with \(^{68}\)Ga-labeled compounds has rapidly become adopted as part of routine clinical care in many parts of the world. However, recent years have witnessed the start of a shift from \(^{68}\)Ga- to \(^{18}\)F-labeled PSMA-targeted compounds. The latter imaging agents have several key advantages, which may lay the groundwork for an even more widespread adoption into the clinic. First, facilitated delivery from distant suppliers expands the availability of PET radiopharmaceuticals in smaller hospitals operating a PET center but lacking the patient volume to justify an onsite \(^{68}\)Ge/\(^{68}\)Ga generator. Thus, such an approach meets the increasing demand for PSMA-targeted PET imaging in areas with lower population density and may even lead to cost-savings compared to in-house production. Moreover, \(^{18}\)F-labeled radiotracers have a higher positron yield and lower positron energy, which in turn decreases image noise, improves contrast resolution, and maximizes the likelihood of detecting subtle lesions. In addition, the longer half-life of 110 min allows for improved delayed imaging protocols and flexibility in study design, which may further increase diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, such compounds can be distributed to sites which are not allowed to produce radiotracers on-site due to regulatory issues or to centers without access to a cyclotron. In light of these advantageous characteristics, \(^{18}\)F-labeled PSMA-targeted PET radiotracers may play an important role in both optimizing this transformative imaging modality and making it widely available. We have aimed to provide a concise overview of emerging \(^{18}\)F-labeled PSMA-targeted radiotracers undergoing active clinical development. Given the wide array of available radiotracers, comparative studies are needed to firmly establish the role of the available \(^{18}\)F-labeled compounds in the field of molecular PCa imaging, preferably in different clinical scenarios.
Background
The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in recent decades has highlighted the importance of developing new drugs to treat infections. However, in addition to the design of new drugs, the development of accurate preclinical testing methods is essential. In vivo imaging technologies such as bioluminescence imaging (BLI) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are promising approaches. In a previous study, we showed the effectiveness of \(^{19}\)F MRI using perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions for detecting the site of Staphylococcus aureus infection. In the present follow-up study, we investigated the use of this method for in vivo visualization of the effects of antibiotic therapy.
Methods/Principal findings
Mice were infected with S. aureus Xen29 and treated with 0.9% NaCl solution, vancomycin or linezolid. Mock treatment led to the highest bioluminescence values during infection followed by vancomycin treatment. Counting the number of colony-forming units (cfu) at 7 days post-infection (p.i.) showed the highest bacterial burden for the mock group and the lowest for the linezolid group. Administration of PFCs at day 2 p.i. led to the accumulation of \(^{19}\)F at the rim of the abscess in all mice (in the shape of a hollow sphere), and antibiotic treatment decreased the \(^{19}\)F signal intensity and volume. Linezolid showed the strongest effect. The BLI, cfu, and MRI results were comparable.
Conclusions
\(^{19}\)F-MRI with PFCs is an effective non-invasive method for assessing the effects of antibiotic therapy in vivo. This method does not depend on pathogen specific markers and can therefore be used to estimate the efficacy of antibacterial therapy against a broad range of clinically relevant pathogens, and to localize sites of infection.
Chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) has been reported to be overexpressed in glioblastoma (GBM) and to be associated with poor survival. This study investigated the feasibility of non-invasive CXCR4-directed imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using the radiolabelled chemokine receptor ligand \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor.
15 patients with clinical suspicion on primary or recurrent glioblastoma (13 primary, 2 recurrent tumors) underwent \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT for assessment of CXCR4 expression prior to surgery. O-(2-\(^{18}\)F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (\(^{18}\)F-FET) PET/CT images were available in 11/15 cases and were compared visually and semi-quantitatively (SUV\(_{max}\), SUV\(_{mean}\)). Tumor-to-background ratios (TBR) were calculated for both PET probes. \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT results were also compared to histological CXCR4 expression on neuronavigated surgical samples.
\(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT was visually positive in 13/15 cases with SUV\(_{mean}\) and SUV\(_{max}\) of 3.0±1.5 and 3.9±2.0 respectively. Respective values for \(^{18}\)F-FET were 4.4±2.0 (SUV\(_{mean}\)) and 5.3±2.3 (SUV\(_{max}\)). TBR for SUV\(_{mean}\) and SUV\(_{max}\) were higher for \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor than for \(^{18}\)F-FET (SUV\(_{mean}\) 154.0±90.7 vs. 4.1±1.3; SUV\(_{max}\) 70.3±44.0 and 3.8±1.2, p<0.01), respectively. Histological analysis confirmed CXCR4 expression in tumor areas with high \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor uptake; regions of the same tumor without apparent \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor uptake showed no or low receptor expression.
In this pilot study, \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor retention has been observed in the vast majority of glioblastoma lesions and served as readout for non-invasive determination of CXCR4 expression. Given the paramount importance of the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis in tumor biology, \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT might prove a useful tool for sensitive, non-invasive in-vivo quantification of CXCR4 as well as selection of patients who might benefit from CXCR4-directed therapy.
Context: Patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) or congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at a high risk of adrenal crisis (AC). Glucocorticoid sensitivity is at least partially genetically determined by polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR).
Objectives: To determine if a number of intercurrent illnesses and AC are associated with the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I in patients with PAI and CAH.
Design and patients: This prospective, longitudinal study over 37.7 ± 10.1 months included 47 PAI and 25 CAH patients. During the study period, intercurrent illness episodes and AC were documented.
Results: The study period covered 223 patient years in which 21 AC occurred (9.4 AC/100 pat years). There were no significant differences between \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (n=29), CG (n=34) and GG (n=9)) regarding BMI, hydrocortisone equivalent daily dose and blood pressure. We did not find a difference in the number of intercurrent illnesses/patient year among \(Bcl\)I polymorphisms (CC (1.5±1.4/pat year), CG (1.2±1.2/pat year) and GG (1.6±2.2/pat year)). The occurrence of AC was not significantly different among the homozygous (GG) genotype (32.5 AC/100 pat years), the CC genotype (6.7 AC/100 pat years) and the CG genotype (4.9 AC/100 pat years). Concomitant hypothyroidism was the highest in the GG genotype group (5/9), compared to others (CC (11/29) and CG (11/34)).
Conclusions: Although sample sizes were relatively small and results should be interpreted with caution, this study suggests that the GR gene polymorphism \(Bcl\)I may not be associated with the frequencies of intercurrent illnesses and AC.
Life-threatening systemic infections often occur due to the translocation of pathogens across the gut barrier and into the bloodstream. While the microbial and host mechanisms permitting bacterial gut translocation are well characterized, these mechanisms are still unclear for fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, a leading cause of nosocomial fungal bloodstream infections. In this study, we dissected the cellular mechanisms of translocation of C. albicans across intestinal epithelia in vitro and identified fungal genes associated with this process. We show that fungal translocation is a dynamic process initiated by invasion and followed by cellular damage and loss of epithelial integrity. A screen of >2,000 C. albicans deletion mutants identified genes required for cellular damage of and translocation across enterocytes. Correlation analysis suggests that hypha formation, barrier damage above a minimum threshold level, and a decreased epithelial integrity are required for efficient fungal translocation. Translocation occurs predominantly via a transcellular route, which is associated with fungus-induced necrotic epithelial damage, but not apoptotic cell death. The cytolytic peptide toxin of C. albicans, candidalysin, was found to be essential for damage of enterocytes and was a key factor in subsequent fungal translocation, suggesting that transcellular translocation of C. albicans through intestinal layers is mediated by candidalysin. However, fungal invasion and low-level translocation can also occur via non-transcellular routes in a candidalysin-independent manner. This is the first study showing translocation of a human-pathogenic fungus across the intestinal barrier being mediated by a peptide toxin. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans, usually a harmless fungus colonizing human mucosae, can cause lethal bloodstream infections when it manages to translocate across the intestinal epithelium. This can result from antibiotic treatment, immune dysfunction, or intestinal damage (e.g., during surgery). However, fungal processes may also contribute. In this study, we investigated the translocation process of C. albicans using in vitro cell culture models. Translocation occurs as a stepwise process starting with invasion, followed by epithelial damage and loss of epithelial integrity. The ability to secrete candidalysin, a peptide toxin deriving from the hyphal protein Ece1, is key: C. albicans hyphae, secreting candidalysin, take advantage of a necrotic weakened epithelium to translocate through the intestinal layer.
Neben der Chemotherapie ist heutzutage auch die Hyperthermie-Behandlung eine wichtige Säule der antitumorösen Therapie. Während der sogenannten HIPEC Therapie (Hypertherme intraperitoneale Chemoperfusion) werden die beiden Arten der Therapieformen kombiniert und in der klinischen Praxis erfolgreich angewendet. Genauere Kenntnisse über die zu Grunde liegenden toxikologischen in-vitro Mechanismen könnten zu neuen Möglichkeiten in der klinischen Anwendung führen. In unserer Arbeit untersuchten wir verschiedenen Tumorzelllinien (HT29,CaCo-2,HCT116,HaCaT) in Kombination mit Cisplatin und Hyperthermie mit verschiedenen Methoden, wie zum Beispiel Mikrokerntest, Comet-Assay, Durchflusszytometrie, Vitalitätstest und mikroskopischen Analysen. Unsere Ergebnisse führten uns zu der Hypothese, dass Hyperthermie alleine zu einer sogenannte mitotic catastrophe führt und zum Absterben der Tumorzellen. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigten Tumorzellen, welche mit Cisplatin alleine oder auch in Kombination mit Hyperthermie nicht in die Mitose eintreten und daher nicht durch Apoptose in den Zelltod gehen.
Highlights
• The GLA variant S126G is not associated with Fabry symptoms in the presented case
• S126G has no effect on α-GAL A activity or Gb3 levels in this patient
• S126G sensory neurons show no electrophysiological abnormalities
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) is a life-limiting disorder characterized by intracellular globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulations. The underlying α-galactosidase A (α-GAL A) deficiency is caused by variants in the gene GLA. Variants of unknown significance (VUS) are frequently found in GLA and challenge clinical management. Here, we investigated a 49-year old man with cryptogenic lacunar cerebral stroke and the chance finding of the VUS S126G, who was sent to our center for diagnosis and initiation of a costly and life-long FD-specific treatment. We combined clinical examination with in vitro investigations of dermal fibroblasts (HDF), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), and iPSC-derived sensory neurons. We analyzed α-GAL A activity in iPSC, Gb3 accumulation in all three cell types, and action potential firing in sensory neurons. Neurological examination and small nerve fiber assessment was normal except for reduced distal skin innervation. S126G iPSC showed normal α-GAL A activity compared to controls and no Gb3 deposits were found in all three cell types. Baseline electrophysiological characteristics of S126G neurons showed no difference compared to healthy controls as investigated by patch-clamp recordings. We pioneer multi-level cellular characterization of the VUS S126G using three cell types derived from a patient and provide further evidence for the benign nature of S126G in GLA, which is of great importance in the management of such cases in clinical practice.
Plexus injury often occurs after motor vehicle accidents and results in lifelong disability with severe neuropathic pain. Surgical treatment can partially restore motor functions, but sensory loss and neuropathic pain persist. Regenerative medicine concepts, such as cell replacement therapies for restoring dorsal root ganglia (DRG) function, set high expectations. However, up to now, it is unclear which DRG cell types are affected by nerve injury and can be targeted in regenerative medicine approaches.
This study followed the hypothesis that satellite glial cells (SGCs) might be a suitable endogenous cell source for regenerative medicine concepts in the DRG. SGCs originate from the same neural crest-derived cell lineage as sensory neurons, making them attractive for neural repair strategies in the peripheral nervous system. Our hypothesis was investigated on three levels of experimentation. First, we asked whether adult SGCs have the potential of sensory neuron precursors and can be reprogrammed into sensory neurons in vitro. We found that adult mouse DRG harbor SGC-like cells that can still dedifferentiate into progenitor-like cells. Surprisingly, expression of the early developmental transcription factors Neurog1 and Neurog2 was sufficient to induce neuronal and glial cell phenotypes. In the presence of nerve growth factor, induced neurons developed a nociceptor-like phenotype expressing functional nociceptor markers, such as the ion channels TrpA1, TrpV1 and NaV1.9. In a second set of experiments, we used a rat model for peripheral nerve injury to look for changes in the DRG cell composition. Using an unbiased deep learning-based approach for cell analysis, we found that cellular plasticity responses after nerve injury activate SGCs in the whole DRG. However, neither injury-induced neuronal death nor gliosis was observed. Finally, we asked whether a severe nerve injury changed the cell composition in the human DRG. For this, a cohort of 13 patients with brachial plexus injury was investigated. Surprisingly, in about half of all patients, the injury-affected DRG showed no characteristic DRG tissue. The complete entity of neurons, satellite cells, and axons was lost and fully replaced by mesodermal/connective tissue. In the other half of the patients, the basic cellular entity of the DRG was well preserved. Objective deep learning-based analysis of large-scale bioimages of the “intact” DRG showed no loss of neurons and no signs of gliosis.
This study suggests that concepts for regenerative medicine for restoring DRG function need at least two translational research directions: reafferentation of existing DRG units or full replacement of the entire multicellular DRG structure. For DRG replacement, SGCs of the adult DRG are an attractive endogenous cell source, as the multicellular DRG units could possibly be rebuilt by transdifferentiating neural crest-derived sensory progenitor cells into peripheral sensory neurons and glial cells using Neurog1 and Neurog2.
This thesis provides an edition and commentary of a manuscript discovered by Michael Stolberg in the archives of the central library in Zurich under the title “Mon aprendisage à l'Hôtel Dieu de Paris 1704.” (My apprenticeship at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris 1704). The manuscript contains records of a midwifery student at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, an old hospital famous among others for its education in midwifery in the maternity ward. We read about managing different births, recipes for common remedies, direct questions answered by the maîtresse sage-femme, the leading midwife at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris and more.
Although other accounts exist of the maternity ward at the Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, \(Mon\) \(Aprendisage\) is the first and only account from a midwife’s perspective that gives more than just instructions on obstetrical techniques. It takes us into the day-to-day experience of a woman as she progressed through her training at the Hôtel-Dieu.
Surgical implantation of a biomaterial triggers foreign-body-induced fibrous encapsulation. Two major mechanisms of this complex physiological process are (I) chemotaxis of fibroblasts from surrounding tissue to the implant region, followed by (II) tissue remodeling. As an alternative to animal studies, we here propose a process-aligned \({in}\) \({vitro}\) test platform to investigate the material dependency of fibroblast chemotaxis and tissue remodeling mediated by material-resident macrophages.
Embedded in a biomimetic three-dimensional collagen hydrogel, chemotaxis of fibroblasts in the direction of macrophage-material-conditioned cell culture supernatant was analyzed by live cell imaging. A combination of statistical analysis with a complementary parameterized random walk model allowed quantitative and qualitative characterization of the cellular walk process. We thereby identified an increasing macrophage-mediated chemotactic potential ranking of biomaterials from glass over polytetrafluorethylene to titanium. To address long-term effects of biomaterial-resident macrophages on fibroblasts in a three-dimensional microenvironment, we further studied tissue remodeling by applying macrophage-material-conditioned medium on fibrous \({in}\) \({vitro}\) tissue models. A high correlation of the \({in}\) \({vitro}\) tissue model to state of the art \({in}\) \({vivo}\) study data was found. Titanium exhibited a significantly lower tissue remodeling capacity compared to polytetrafluorethylene. With this approach, we identified a material dependency of both chemotaxis and tissue remodeling processes, strengthening knowledge on their specific contribution to the foreign body reaction.
The signals that coordinate and control movement in vertebrates are transmitted from motoneurons (MNs) to their target muscle cells at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Human NMJs display unique structural and physiological features, which make them vulnerable to pathological processes. NMJs are an early target in the pathology of motoneuron diseases (MND). Synaptic dysfunction and synapse elimination precede MN loss suggesting that the NMJ is the starting point of the pathophysiological cascade leading to MN death. Therefore, the study of human MNs in health and disease requires cell culture systems that enable the connection to their target muscle cells for NMJ formation. Here, we present a human neuromuscular co-culture system consisting of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MNs and 3D skeletal muscle tissue derived from myoblasts. We used self-microfabricated silicone dishes combined with Velcro hooks to support the formation of 3D muscle tissue in a defined extracellular matrix, which enhances NMJ function and maturity. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry, calcium imaging, and pharmacological stimulations, we characterized and confirmed the function of the 3D muscle tissue and the 3D neuromuscular co-cultures. Finally, we applied this system as an in vitro model to study the pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and found a decrease in neuromuscular coupling and muscle contraction in co-cultures with MNs harboring ALS-linked SOD1 mutation. In summary, the human 3D neuromuscular cell culture system presented here recapitulates aspects of human physiology in a controlled in vitro setting and is suitable for modeling of MND.
Burns affect millions every year and a model to mimic the pathophysiology of such injuries in detail is required to better understand regeneration. The current gold standard for studying burn wounds are animal models, which are under criticism due to ethical considerations and a limited predictiveness. Here, we present a three-dimensional burn model, based on an open-source model, to monitor wound healing on the epidermal level. Skin equivalents were burned, using a preheated metal cylinder. The healing process was monitored regarding histomorphology, metabolic changes, inflammatory response and reepithelialization for 14 days. During this time, the wound size decreased from 25% to 5% of the model area and the inflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) showed a comparable course to wounding and healing in vivo. Additionally, the topical application of 5% dexpanthenol enhanced tissue morphology and the number of proliferative keratinocytes in the newly formed epidermis, but did not influence the overall reepithelialization rate. In summary, the model showed a comparable healing process to in vivo, and thus, offers the opportunity to better understand the physiology of thermal burn wound healing on the keratinocyte level.
A 3D printed model of the female pelvis for practical education of gynecological pelvic examination
(2022)
Background
Pelvic palpation is a core component of every Gynecologic examination. It requires vigorous training, which is difficult due to its intimate nature, leading to a need of simulation. Up until now, there are mainly models available for mere palpation which do not offer adequate visualization of the concerning anatomical structures. In this study we present a 3D printed model of the female pelvis. It can improve both the practical teaching of gynecological pelvic examination for health care professionals and the spatial understanding of the relevant anatomy.
Methods
We developed a virtual, simplified model showing selected parts of the female pelvis. 3D printing was used to create a physical model.
Results
The life-size 3D printed model has the ability of being physically assembled step by step by its users. Consequently, it improves teaching especially when combining it with commercial phantoms, which are built solely for palpation training. This is achieved by correlating haptic and visual sensations with the resulting feedback received.
Conclusion
The presented 3D printed model of the female pelvis can be of aid for visualizing and teaching pelvic anatomy and examination to medical staff. 3D printing provides the possibility of creating, multiplying, adapting and sharing such data worldwide with little investment of resources. Thus, an important contribution to the international medical community can be made for training this challenging examination.
To compare the effects of a 3‐week multimodal rehabilitation involving supervised high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) on female breast cancer survivors with respect to key variables of aerobic fitness, body composition, energy expenditure, cancer‐related fatigue, and quality of life to those of a standard multimodal rehabilitation program. A randomized controlled trial design was administered. Twenty‐eight women, who had been treated for cancer were randomly assigned to either a group performing exercise of low‐to‐moderate intensity (LMIE; n = 14) or a group performing high‐intensity interval training (HIIT; n = 14) as part of a 3‐week multimodal rehabilitation program. No adverse events related to the exercise were reported. Work economy improved following both HIIT and LMIE, with improved peak oxygen uptake following LMIE. HIIT reduced mean total body fat mass with no change in body mass, muscle or fat‐free mass (best P < 0.06). LMIE increased muscle and total fat‐free body mass. Total energy expenditure (P = 0.45) did not change between the groups, whereas both improved quality of life to a similar high extent and lessened cancer‐related fatigue. This randomized controlled study demonstrates that HIIT can be performed by female cancer survivors without adverse health effects. Here, HIIT and LMIE both improved work economy, quality of life and cancer‐related fatigue, body composition or energy expenditure. Since the outcomes were similar, but HIIT takes less time, this may be a time‐efficient strategy for improving certain aspects of the health of female cancer survivors.
Deafness, the most frequent sensory deficit in humans, is extremely heterogeneous with hundreds of genes involved. Clinical and genetic analyses of an extended consanguineous family with pre-lingual, moderate-to-profound autosomal recessive sensorineural hearing loss, allowed us to identify CLRN2, encoding a tetraspan protein, as a new deafness gene. Homozygosity mapping followed by exome sequencing identified a 14.96 Mb locus on chromosome 4p15.32p15.1 containing a likely pathogenic missense variant in CLRN2 (c.494C > A, NM_001079827.2) segregating with the disease. Using in vitro RNA splicing analysis, we show that the CLRN2 c.494C > A variant leads to two events: (1) the substitution of a highly conserved threonine (uncharged amino acid) to lysine (charged amino acid) at position 165, p.(Thr165Lys), and (2) aberrant splicing, with the retention of intron 2 resulting in a stop codon after 26 additional amino acids, p.(Gly146Lysfs*26). Expression studies and phenotyping of newly produced zebrafish and mouse models deficient for clarin 2 further confirm that clarin 2, expressed in the inner ear hair cells, is essential for normal organization and maintenance of the auditory hair bundles, and for hearing function. Together, our findings identify CLRN2 as a new deafness gene, which will impact future diagnosis and treatment for deaf patients.
Evolution has endowed the lung with exceptional design providing a large surface area for gas exchange area (ca. 100 m\(^{2}\)) in a relatively small tissue volume (ca. 6 L). This is possible due to a complex tissue architecture that has resulted in one of the most challenging organs to be recreated in the lab. The need for realistic and robust in vitro lung models becomes even more evident as causal therapies, especially for chronic respiratory diseases, are lacking. Here, we describe the Cyclic In VItro Cell-stretch (CIVIC) “breathing” lung bioreactor for pulmonary epithelial cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI) experiencing cyclic stretch while monitoring stretch-related parameters (amplitude, frequency, and membrane elastic modulus) under real-time conditions. The previously described biomimetic copolymeric BETA membrane (5 μm thick, bioactive, porous, and elastic) was attempted to be improved for even more biomimetic permeability, elasticity (elastic modulus and stretchability), and bioactivity by changing its chemical composition. This biphasic membrane supports both the initial formation of a tight monolayer of pulmonary epithelial cells (A549 and 16HBE14o\(^{-}\)) under submerged conditions and the subsequent cell-stretch experiments at the ALI without preconditioning of the membrane. The newly manufactured versions of the BETA membrane did not improve the characteristics of the previously determined optimum BETA membrane (9.35% PCL and 6.34% gelatin [w/v solvent]). Hence, the optimum BETA membrane was used to investigate quantitatively the role of physiologic cyclic mechanical stretch (10% linear stretch; 0.33 Hz: light exercise conditions) on size-dependent cellular uptake and transepithelial transport of nanoparticles (100 nm) and microparticles (1,000 nm) for alveolar epithelial cells (A549) under ALI conditions. Our results show that physiologic stretch enhances cellular uptake of 100 nm nanoparticles across the epithelial cell barrier, but the barrier becomes permeable for both nano- and micron-sized particles (100 and 1,000 nm). This suggests that currently used static in vitro assays may underestimate cellular uptake and transbarrier transport of nanoparticles in the lung.
Chronic respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide, but only symptomatic therapies are available for terminal illness. This in part reflects a lack of biomimetic in vitro models that can imitate the complex environment and physiology of the lung. Here, a copolymeric membrane consisting of poly(ε‐)caprolactone and gelatin with tunable properties, resembling the main characteristics of the alveolar basement membrane is introduced. The thin bioinspired membrane (≤5 μm) is stretchable (up to 25% linear strain) with appropriate surface wettability and porosity for culturing lung epithelial cells under air–liquid interface conditions. The unique biphasic concept of this membrane provides optimum characteristics for initial cell growth (phase I) and then switch to biomimetic properties for cyclic cell‐stretch experiments (phase II). It is showed that physiologic cyclic mechanical stretch improves formation of F‐actin cytoskeleton filaments and tight junctions while non‐physiologic over‐stretch induces cell apoptosis, activates inflammatory response (IL‐8), and impairs epithelial barrier integrity. It is also demonstrated that cyclic physiologic stretch can enhance the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Since this membrane offers considerable advantages over currently used membranes, it may lead the way to more biomimetic in vitro models of the lung for translation of in vitro response studies into clinical outcome.
Blood vessel organoids are an important in vitro model to understand the underlying mechanisms of human blood vessel development and for toxicity testing or high throughput drug screening. Here we present a novel, cost-effective, and easy to manufacture vascular organoid model. To engineer the organoids, a defined number of human induced pluripotent stem cells are seeded in non-adhesive agarose coated wells of a 96-well plate and directed towards a lateral plate mesoderm fate by activation of Wnt and BMP4 signaling. We observe the formation of a circular layer of angioblasts around days 5–6. Induced by VEGF application, CD31\(^+\) vascular endothelial cells appear within this vasculogenic zone at approximately day 7 of organoid culture. These cells arrange to form a primitive vascular plexus from which angiogenic sprouting is observed after 10 days of culture. The differentiation outcome is highly reproducible, and the size of organoids is scalable depending on the number of starting cells. We observe that the initial vascular ring forms at the interface between two cell populations. The inner cellular compartment can be distinguished from the outer by the expression of GATA6, a marker of lateral plate mesoderm. Finally, 14-days-old organoids were transplanted on the chorioallantois membrane of chicken embryos resulting in a functional connection of the human vascular network to the chicken circulation. Perfusion of the vessels leads to vessel wall maturation and remodeling as indicated by the formation of a continuous layer of smooth muscle actin expressing cells enwrapping the endothelium. In summary, our organoid model recapitulates human vasculogenesis, angiogenesis as well as vessel wall maturation and therefore represents an easy and cost-effective tool to study all steps of blood vessel development and maturation directly in the human setting without animal experimentation.
Age is one of the most salient aspects in faces and of fundamental cognitive and social relevance. Although face processing has been studied extensively, brain regions responsive to age have yet to be localized. Using evocative face morphs and fMRI, we segregate two areas extending beyond the previously established face-sensitive core network, centered on the inferior temporal sulci and angular gyri bilaterally, both of which process changes of facial age. By means of probabilistic tractography, we compare their patterns of functional activation and structural connectivity. The ventral portion of Wernicke’s understudied perpendicular association fasciculus is shown to interconnect the two areas, and activation within these clusters is related to the probability of fiber connectivity between them. In addition, post-hoc age-rating competence is found to be associated with high response magnitudes in the left angular gyrus. Our results provide the first evidence that facial age has a distinct representation pattern in the posterior human brain. We propose that particular face-sensitive nodes interact with additional object-unselective quantification modules to obtain individual estimates of facial age. This brain network processing the age of faces differs from the cortical areas that have previously been linked to less developmental but instantly changeable face aspects. Our probabilistic method of associating activations with connectivity patterns reveals an exemplary link that can be used to further study, assess and quantify structure-function relationships.
A Candidate Approach Implicates the Secreted Salmonella Effector Protein SpvB in P-Body Disassembly
(2011)
P-bodies are dynamic aggregates of RNA and proteins involved in several post-transcriptional regulation processes. Pbodies have been shown to play important roles in regulating viral infection, whereas their interplay with bacterial pathogens, specifically intracellular bacteria that extensively manipulate host cell pathways, remains unknown. Here, we report that Salmonella infection induces P-body disassembly in a cell type-specific manner, and independently of previously characterized pathways such as inhibition of host cell RNA synthesis or microRNA-mediated gene silencing. We show that the Salmonella-induced P-body disassembly depends on the activation of the SPI-2 encoded type 3 secretion system, and that the secreted effector protein SpvB plays a major role in this process. P-body disruption is also induced by the related pathogen, Shigella flexneri, arguing that this might be a new mechanism by which intracellular bacterial pathogens subvert host cell function.
Background: Persistent pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy is a disabling condition with a lack of evidence-based pharmacological treatment options. This randomized placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy of a capsaicin 8% cutaneous patch in the treatment of severe persistent inguinal postherniorrhaphy pain. Methods: Forty-six patients with persistent inguinal postherniorrhaphy pain were randomized to receive either a capsaicin 8% patch or a placebo patch. Pain intensity (Numerical Rating Scale [NRS 0-10]) was evaluated under standardized conditions (at rest, during movement, and during pressure) at baseline and at 1, 2 and 3 months after patch application. Skin punch biopsies for intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) measurements were taken at baseline and 1 month after patch application. Quantitative sensory testing was performed at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 months after patch application. The primary outcome was comparisons of summed pain intensity differences (SPIDs) between capsaicin and placebo treatments at 1, 2 and 3 months after patch application (significance level P<0.01). Results: The maximum difference in SPID, between capsaicin and placebo treatments, was observed at 1 month after patch application, but the pain reduction was not significant (NRS, mean difference [95% CI]: 5.0 [0.09 to 9.9]; P=0.046). No differences in SPID between treatments were observed at 2 and 3 months after patch application. Changes in IENFD on the pain side, from baseline to 1 month after patch application, did not differ between capsaicin and placebo treatment: 1.9 [-0.1 to 3.9] and 0.6 [-1.2 to 2.5] fibers/mm, respectively (P=0.32). No significant changes in sensory function, sleep quality or psychological factors were associated with capsaicin patch treatment. Conclusions: The study did not demonstrate significant differences in pain relief between capsaicin and placebo treatment, although a trend toward pain improvement in capsaicin treated patients was observed 1 month after patch application.
Background
Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disorder, caused by a deficiency in the heparan-N-sulfatase enzyme involved in the catabolism of the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate. It is characterized by early nonspecific neuropsychiatric symptoms, followed by progressive neurocognitive impairment in combination with only mild somatic features. In this patient group with a broad clinical spectrum a significant genotype-phenotype correlation with some mutations leading to a slower progressive, attenuated course has been demonstrated.
Case presentation
Our patient had complications in the neonatal period and was diagnosed with Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIa only at the age of 28 years. He was compound heterozygous for the variants p.R245H and p.S298P, the latter having been shown to lead to a significantly milder phenotype.
Conclusions
The diagnostic delay is even more prolonged in this patient population with comorbidities and a slowly progressive course of the disease.
Children with severe hearing loss most likely receive the greatest benefit from a cochlear implant (CI) when implanted at less than 2 years of age. Children with a hearing loss may also benefit greater from binaural sensory stimulation. Four children who received their first CI under 12 months of age were included in this study. Effects on auditory development were determined using the German LittlEARS Auditory Questionnaire, closed- and open-set monosyllabic word tests, aided free-field, the Mainzer and Göttinger speech discrimination tests, Monosyllabic-Trochee-Polysyllabic (MTP), and Listening Progress Profile (LiP). Speech production and grammar development were evaluated using a German language speech development test (SETK), reception of grammar test (TROG-D) and active vocabulary test (AWST-R). The data showed that children implanted under 12 months of age reached open-set monosyllabic word discrimination at an age of 24 months. LiP results improved over time, and children recognized 100% of words in the MTP test after 12 months. All children performed as well as or better than their hearing peers in speech production and grammar development. SETK showed that the speech development of these children was in general age appropriate. The data suggests that early hearing loss intervention benefits speech and language development and supports the trend towards early cochlear implantation. Furthermore, the data emphasizes the potential benefits associated with bilateral implantation.
Blood platelets are produced by large bone marrow (BM) precursor cells, megakaryocytes (MKs), which extend cytoplasmic protrusions (proplatelets) into BM sinusoids. The molecular cues that control MK polarization towards sinusoids and limit transendothelial crossing to proplatelets remain unknown. Here, we show that the small GTPases Cdc42 and RhoA act as a regulatory circuit downstream of the MK-specific mechanoreceptor GPIb to coordinate polarized transendothelial platelet biogenesis. Functional deficiency of either GPIb or Cdc42 impairs transendothelial proplatelet formation. In the absence of RhoA, increased Cdc42 activity and MK hyperpolarization triggers GPIb-dependent transmigration of entire MKs into BM sinusoids. These findings position Cdc42 (go-signal) and RhoA (stop-signal) at the centre of a molecular checkpoint downstream of GPIb that controls transendothelial platelet biogenesis. Our results may open new avenues for the treatment of platelet production disorders and help to explain the thrombocytopenia in patients with Bernard–Soulier syndrome, a bleeding disorder caused by defects in GPIb-IX-V.
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in large numbers of patients requiring critical care management. With the established association between severe respiratory virus infection and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (7.6% for COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA)), the pandemic places a significant number of patients at potential risk from secondary invasive fungal disease. We described a case of CAPA with substantial supporting mycological evidence, highlighting the need to employ strategic diagnostic algorithms and weighted definitions to improve the accuracy in diagnosing CAPA.
In the inhalation system described an animal can be kept in the same atmosphere of a 2-liter desiccator for up to 24 h. The expired carbon dioxide is adsorbed with soda lime and the resulting reduced pressure is balanced by a supply of oxygen also used for the inflow of the chemical to be investigated. Urine and faeces can be collected ~eparately and the system allows a periodical control of the concentration of the chemical by sampling the air with needle and syringe.
Background
The oral mucosa has an important role in maintaining barrier integrity at the gateway to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Smoking is a strong environmental risk factor for the common oral inflammatory disease periodontitis and oral cancer. Cigarette smoke affects gene methylation and expression in various tissues. This is the first epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) that aimed to identify biologically active methylation marks of the oral masticatory mucosa that are associated with smoking.
Results
Ex vivo biopsies of 18 current smokers and 21 never smokers were analysed with the Infinium Methylation EPICBeadChip and combined with whole transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq; 16 mio reads per sample) of the same samples. We analysed the associations of CpG methylation values with cigarette smoking and smoke pack year (SPY) levels in an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Nine CpGs were significantly associated with smoking status, with three CpGs mapping to the genetic region of CYP1B1 (cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1;best p=5.5x10(-8)) and two mapping to AHRR (aryl-hydrocarbon receptor repressor; best p=5.9x10(-9)). In the SPY analysis, 61 CpG sites at 52 loci showed significant associations of the quantity of smoking with changes in methylation values. Here, the most significant association located to the gene CYP1B1, with p=4.0x10(-10). RNA-Seq data showed significantly increased expression of CYP1B1 in smokers compared to non-smokers (p=2.2x10(-14)), together with 13 significantly upregulated transcripts. Six transcripts were significantly downregulated. No differential expression was observed for AHRR. In vitro studies with gingival fibroblasts showed that cigarette smoke extract directly upregulated the expression of CYP1B1.
Conclusion
This study validated the established role of CYP1B1 and AHRR in xenobiotic metabolism of tobacco smoke and highlights the importance of epigenetic regulation for these genes. For the first time, we give evidence of this role for the oral masticatory mucosa.
Patient-tailored therapy based on tumor drivers is promising for lung cancer treatment. For this, we combined in vitro tissue models with in silico analyses. Using individual cell lines with specific mutations, we demonstrate a generic and rapid stratification pipeline for targeted tumor therapy. We improve in vitro models of tissue conditions by a biological matrix-based three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture that allows in vitro drug testing: It correctly shows a strong drug response upon gefitinib (Gef) treatment in a cell line harboring an EGFR-activating mutation (HCC827), but no clear drug response upon treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor 17AAG in two cell lines with KRAS mutations (H441, A549). In contrast, 2D testing implies wrongly KRAS as a biomarker for HSP90 inhibitor treatment, although this fails in clinical studies. Signaling analysis by phospho-arrays showed similar effects of EGFR inhibition by Gef in HCC827 cells, under both 2D and 3D conditions. Western blot analysis confirmed that for 3D conditions, HSP90 inhibitor treatment implies different p53 regulation and decreased MET inhibition in HCC827 and H441 cells. Using in vitro data (western, phospho-kinase array, proliferation, and apoptosis), we generated cell line-specific in silico topologies and condition-specific (2D, 3D) simulations of signaling correctly mirroring in vitro treatment responses. Networks predict drug targets considering key interactions and individual cell line mutations using the Human Protein Reference Database and the COSMIC database. A signature of potential biomarkers and matching drugs improve stratification and treatment in KRAS-mutated tumors. In silico screening and dynamic simulation of drug actions resulted in individual therapeutic suggestions, that is, targeting HIF1A in H441 and LKB1 in A549 cells. In conclusion, our in vitro tumor tissue model combined with an in silico tool improves drug effect prediction and patient stratification. Our tool is used in our comprehensive cancer center and is made now publicly available for targeted therapy decisions.
The cell—cell signaling gene CDH13 is associated with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and major depression. CDH13 regulates axonal outgrowth and synapse formation, substantiating its relevance for neurodevelopmental processes. Several studies support the influence of CDH13 on personality traits, behavior, and executive functions. However, evidence for functional effects of common gene variation in the CDH13 gene in humans is sparse. Therefore, we tested for association of a functional intronic CDH13 SNP rs2199430 with ADHD in a sample of 998 adult patients and 884 healthy controls. The Big Five personality traits were assessed by the NEO-PI-R questionnaire. Assuming that altered neural correlates of working memory and cognitive response inhibition show genotype-dependent alterations, task performance and electroencephalographic event-related potentials were measured by n-back and continuous performance (Go/NoGo) tasks. The rs2199430 genotype was not associated with adult ADHD on the categorical diagnosis level. However, rs2199430 was significantly associated with agreeableness, with minor G allele homozygotes scoring lower than A allele carriers. Whereas task performance was not affected by genotype, a significant heterosis effect limited to the ADHD group was identified for the n-back task. Heterozygotes (AG) exhibited significantly higher N200 amplitudes during both the 1-back and 2-back condition in the central electrode position Cz. Consequently, the common genetic variation of CDH13 is associated with personality traits and impacts neural processing during working memory tasks. Thus, CDH13 might contribute to symptomatic core dysfunctions of social and cognitive impairment in ADHD.
The ability to perform mathematical tasks is required in everyday life. Although heritability estimates suggest a genetic contribution, no previous study has conclusively identified a genetic risk variant for mathematical performance. Research has shown that the prevalence of mathematical disabilities is increased in children with dyslexia. We therefore correlated genome-wide data of 200 German children with spelling disability, with available quantitative data on mathematic ability. Replication of the top findings in additional dyslexia samples revealed that rs133885 was a genome-wide significant marker for mathematical abilities\((P_{comb}=7.71 x 10^{-10}, n=699)\), with an effect size of 4.87%. This association was also found in a sample from the general population (P=0.048, n=1080), albeit with a lower effect size. The identified variant encodes an amino-acid substitution in MYO18B, a protein with as yet unknown functions in the brain. As areas of the parietal cortex, in particular the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), are involved in numerical processing in humans, we investigated whether rs133885 was associated with IPS morphology using structural magnetic resonance imaging data from 79 neuropsychiatrically healthy adults. Carriers of the MYO18B risk-genotype displayed a significantly lower depth of the right IPS. This validates the identified association between rs133885 and mathematical disability at the level of a specific intermediate phenotype.
Despite growing effort to advance materials towards a low fibrotic progression, all implants elicit adverse tissue responses. Pre-clinical biomaterial assessment relies on animals testing, which can be complemented by in vitro tests to address the Russell and Burch’s 3R aspect of reducing animal burden. However, a poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo biomaterial assessments confirms a need for suitable in vitro biomaterial tests. The aim of the study was to identify a test setting, which is predictive and might be time- and cost-efficient. We demonstrated how sensitive in vitro biomaterial assessment based on human primary macrophages depends on test conditions. Moreover, possible clinical scenarios such as lipopolysaccharide contamination, contact to autologous blood plasma, and presence of IL-4 in an immune niche influence the outcome of a biomaterial ranking. Nevertheless, by using glass, titanium, polytetrafluorethylene, silicone, and polyethylene representing a specific material-induced fibrotic response and by comparison to literature data, we were able to identify a test condition that provides a high correlation to state-of-the-art in vivo studies. Most important, biomaterial ranking obtained under native plasma test conditions showed a high predictive accuracy compared to in vivo assessments, strengthening a biomimetic three-dimensional in vitro test platform.
A Comprehensive Review on the Interplay between Neisseria spp. and Host Sphingolipid Metabolites
(2021)
Sphingolipids represent a class of structural related lipids involved in membrane biology and various cellular processes including cell growth, apoptosis, inflammation and migration. Over the past decade, sphingolipids have become the focus of intensive studies regarding their involvement in infectious diseases. Pathogens can manipulate the sphingolipid metabolism resulting in cell membrane reorganization and receptor recruitment to facilitate their entry. They may recruit specific host sphingolipid metabolites to establish a favorable niche for intracellular survival and proliferation. In contrast, some sphingolipid metabolites can also act as a first line defense against bacteria based on their antimicrobial activity. In this review, we will focus on the strategies employed by pathogenic Neisseria spp. to modulate the sphingolipid metabolism and hijack the sphingolipid balance in the host to promote cellular colonization, invasion and intracellular survival. Novel techniques and innovative approaches will be highlighted that allow imaging of sphingolipid derivatives in the host cell as well as in the pathogen.
The human ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 has key roles in tumorigenesis, yet it is unkown how its activity is regulated. We present the crystal structure of a C-terminal part of HUWE1, including the catalytic domain, and reveal an asymmetric auto-inhibited dimer. We show that HUWE1 dimerizes in solution and self-associates in cells, and that both occurs through the crystallographic dimer interface. We demonstrate that HUWE1 is inhibited in cells and that it can be activated by disruption of the dimer interface. We identify a conserved segment in HUWE1 that counteracts dimer formation by associating with the dimerization region intramolecularly. Our studies reveal, intriguingly, that the tumor suppressor p14ARF binds to this segment and may thus shift the conformational equilibrium of HUWE1 toward the inactive state. We propose a model, in which the activity of HUWE1 underlies conformational control in response to physiological cues—a mechanism that may be exploited for cancer therapy.
A remarkable feature of many small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) of Escherichia coli and Salmonella is their accumulation in the stationary phase of bacterial growth. Several stress response regulators and sigma factors have been reported to direct the transcription of stationary phase-specific sRNAs, but a widely conserved sRNA gene that is controlled by the major stationary phase and stress sigma factor, Sigma(S) (RpoS), has remained elusive. We have studied in Salmonella the conserved SdsR sRNA, previously known as RyeB, one of the most abundant stationary phase-specific sRNAs in E. coli. Alignments of the sdsR promoter region and genetic analysis strongly suggest that this sRNA gene is selectively transcribed by Sigma(S). We show that SdsR down-regulates the synthesis of the major Salmonella porin OmpD by Hfq-dependent base pairing; SdsR thus represents the fourth sRNA to regulate this major outer membrane porin. Similar to the InvR, MicC and RybB sRNAs, SdsR recognizes the ompD mRNA in the coding sequence, suggesting that this mRNA may be primarily targeted downstream of the start codon. The SdsR-binding site in ompD was localized by 3'-RACE, an experimental approach that promises to be of use in predicting other sRNA-target interactions in bacteria.