Filtern
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (1452)
Gehört zur Bibliographie
- ja (1452)
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2024 (3)
- 2023 (58)
- 2022 (109)
- 2021 (147)
- 2020 (99)
- 2019 (99)
- 2018 (87)
- 2017 (65)
- 2016 (88)
- 2015 (61)
- 2014 (75)
- 2013 (57)
- 2012 (51)
- 2011 (42)
- 2010 (19)
- 2009 (7)
- 2008 (7)
- 2007 (5)
- 2006 (4)
- 2005 (1)
- 2003 (1)
- 2002 (1)
- 2000 (1)
- 1994 (33)
- 1993 (22)
- 1992 (29)
- 1991 (25)
- 1990 (20)
- 1989 (21)
- 1988 (19)
- 1987 (15)
- 1986 (17)
- 1985 (10)
- 1984 (17)
- 1983 (7)
- 1982 (13)
- 1981 (8)
- 1980 (8)
- 1979 (11)
- 1978 (8)
- 1977 (4)
- 1976 (7)
- 1975 (8)
- 1974 (6)
- 1973 (10)
- 1972 (14)
- 1971 (5)
- 1970 (6)
- 1969 (8)
- 1968 (5)
- 1967 (1)
- 1965 (3)
- 1964 (2)
- 1963 (2)
- 1961 (1)
Dokumenttyp
- Artikel / Aufsatz in einer Zeitschrift (1452) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Biochemie (80)
- Physiologische Chemie (48)
- Biologie (30)
- biodiversity (26)
- evolution (21)
- gene expression (17)
- cancer (16)
- Cytologie (14)
- foraging (14)
- Apis mellifera (13)
- bees (13)
- honey bees (13)
- circadian clock (12)
- pollination (12)
- Drosophila melanogaster (11)
- apoptosis (11)
- climate change (11)
- honeybee (11)
- metabolism (11)
- biology (10)
- expression (10)
- infection (10)
- insects (10)
- land use (10)
- melanoma (10)
- SARS-CoV-2 (9)
- Schwertkärpfling (9)
- ants (9)
- autophagy (9)
- ecosystem services (9)
- mushroom body (9)
- olfaction (9)
- super-resolution microscopy (9)
- transcription (9)
- transcriptome (9)
- DNA damage (8)
- DNA methylation (8)
- Drosophila (8)
- Xiphophorus (8)
- colorectal cancer (8)
- diversity (8)
- forest management (8)
- global change (8)
- meiosis (8)
- membrane proteins (8)
- pollen (8)
- species richness (8)
- vision (8)
- DNA (7)
- Trypanosoma (7)
- Trypanosoma brucei (7)
- body size (7)
- central complex (7)
- cytoskeleton (7)
- differentiation (7)
- ecology (7)
- fungi (7)
- genetics (7)
- genome (7)
- insect (7)
- memory (7)
- nutrition (7)
- protein (7)
- proteins (7)
- symbiosis (7)
- Chrysomelidae (6)
- Staphylococcus aureus (6)
- T cells (6)
- Zoologie (6)
- active zone (6)
- animal behaviour (6)
- binding (6)
- bioinformatics (6)
- biomarker (6)
- brain (6)
- circadian rhythms (6)
- dSTORM (6)
- deadwood (6)
- gene (6)
- learning (6)
- lung cancer (6)
- mass spectrometry (6)
- metagenomics (6)
- metapopulation (6)
- microbiome (6)
- mushroom bodies (6)
- neurons (6)
- nuclear envelope (6)
- reveals (6)
- Alps (5)
- COVID-19 (5)
- Chlamydia trachomatis (5)
- HeLa cells (5)
- MYC (5)
- Metapopulation (5)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (5)
- altitudinal gradient (5)
- antennal lobe (5)
- behavior (5)
- breast cancer (5)
- cell cycle (5)
- chemotherapy (5)
- cuticular hydrocarbons (5)
- cytokines (5)
- cytokinins (5)
- cytotoxicity (5)
- database (5)
- drosophila melanogaster (5)
- ecosystem function (5)
- gene regulation (5)
- genomics (5)
- in vitro (5)
- leaf-cutting ants (5)
- metabarcoding (5)
- metastasis (5)
- mitochondria (5)
- molecular biology (5)
- mouse (5)
- mutualism (5)
- natural disturbance (5)
- neuroanatomy (5)
- oilseed rape (5)
- p53 (5)
- phosphorylation (5)
- plant-insect interactions (5)
- plasticity (5)
- regulation (5)
- resistance (5)
- sequence alignment (5)
- telomeres (5)
- temperature (5)
- virulence (5)
- 3D tissue model (4)
- Biology (4)
- Candida albicans (4)
- ITS2 (4)
- Lepidoptera (4)
- Neurospora crassa (4)
- antibodies (4)
- apis mellifera (4)
- bacterial pathogens (4)
- bee decline (4)
- caloric restriction (4)
- cell biology (4)
- cell death (4)
- cell membranes (4)
- ceramide (4)
- ceramides (4)
- chlamydia (4)
- chromatin (4)
- comparative genomics (4)
- conservation (4)
- developmental biology (4)
- dispersal (4)
- dynamics (4)
- endocytosis (4)
- epithelial cells (4)
- evolutionary genetics (4)
- forest (4)
- functional diversity (4)
- fungal structure (4)
- global warming (4)
- growth (4)
- honeybees (4)
- host cells (4)
- hymenoptera (4)
- identification (4)
- imaging (4)
- immunoprecipitation (4)
- in-vitro (4)
- individual-based model (4)
- inflammation (4)
- insect brain (4)
- larvae (4)
- leukemic cells (4)
- mRNA (4)
- machine learning (4)
- medaka (4)
- mice (4)
- microRNA (4)
- microglomeruli (4)
- microscopy (4)
- migration (4)
- molecular docking (4)
- mutation (4)
- navigation (4)
- neuropeptides (4)
- next generation sequencing (4)
- octopamine (4)
- oncolytic virus (4)
- optogenetics (4)
- phylogenetic trees (4)
- proliferation (4)
- proteomics (4)
- recombination (4)
- reconstruction (4)
- saproxylic beetles (4)
- secondary structure (4)
- sex chromosomes (4)
- sexual selection (4)
- social systems (4)
- speciation (4)
- sphingolipids (4)
- spiders (4)
- synaptic plasticity (4)
- toe (4)
- toxicity (4)
- transcriptomics (4)
- transmission (4)
- wild bees (4)
- Acyrthosiphon pisum (3)
- Ameisen (3)
- Amphibian oocytes (3)
- Aspergillus fumigatus (3)
- Biene (3)
- C. elegans (3)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (3)
- Chlamydia (3)
- Coleoptera (3)
- DNA replication (3)
- DNA-binding proteins (3)
- Echinococcus (3)
- Electron microscopy (3)
- Epichloë (3)
- Evolution (3)
- Fitness (3)
- Formicidae (3)
- HIV (3)
- HUWE1 (3)
- Hymenoptera (3)
- IL-4 (3)
- Käfer (3)
- LC/MS (3)
- Lolium perenne (3)
- MIZ1 (3)
- MYCN (3)
- Macaranga (3)
- Medizin (3)
- NRF2 (3)
- Onkogen (3)
- PALM (3)
- PER (3)
- Protein-Tyrosin-Kinasen (3)
- RNA (3)
- RNA interference (3)
- Sentinel-2 (3)
- USP28 (3)
- X-ray crystallography (3)
- abandonment (3)
- adaptation (3)
- african trypanosomes (3)
- agriculture (3)
- agroecology (3)
- alignment (3)
- altitudinal gradients (3)
- angiogenesis (3)
- animal sociality (3)
- annotation (3)
- antimicrobials (3)
- arabidopsis thaliana (3)
- architecture (3)
- arthropods (3)
- bacteria (3)
- behavioral conditioning (3)
- biogenic amines (3)
- biological locomotion (3)
- birds (3)
- blood (3)
- bumblebees (3)
- butterflies (3)
- cancer metabolism (3)
- canola (3)
- carabid beetles (3)
- cell cycle and cell division (3)
- cell differentiation (3)
- chlamydia infection (3)
- chlamydia trachomatis (3)
- cisplatin (3)
- climate (3)
- cognition (3)
- competition (3)
- complex (3)
- cryptochrome (3)
- culture (3)
- cytokinesis (3)
- deadwood enrichment (3)
- decay (3)
- decision making (3)
- decision-making (3)
- development (3)
- diversity gradients (3)
- division of labor (3)
- ecological intensification (3)
- electron microscopy (3)
- feeding (3)
- flowers (3)
- fluorescence microscopy (3)
- fluorescent probes (3)
- forestry (3)
- fungal rhodopsins (3)
- gametogenesis (3)
- grazing (3)
- habitats (3)
- herbivores (3)
- honey bee (3)
- host-pathogen interaction (3)
- humidity (3)
- immune response (3)
- immunoreactive neurons (3)
- immunotherapy (3)
- in vivo (3)
- infectious diseases (3)
- land-use change (3)
- localization microscopy (3)
- luciferase (3)
- macrophages (3)
- malaria (3)
- management (3)
- melanogaster (3)
- membrane potential (3)
- messenger RNA (3)
- metabolomics (3)
- methionine restriction (3)
- methylation (3)
- microbial rhodopsins (3)
- mitosis (3)
- model (3)
- molecular neuroscience (3)
- monoclonal antibodies (3)
- mortality (3)
- neisseria meningitidis (3)
- nephroblastoma (3)
- network analysis (3)
- neural circuits (3)
- nucleolus (3)
- nutrients (3)
- oncogenes (3)
- organization (3)
- perception (3)
- photoperiodism (3)
- phylogeny (3)
- pollinator (3)
- prostate cancer (3)
- protein domains (3)
- recruitment (3)
- remote sensing (3)
- resolution (3)
- senescence (3)
- signal transduction (3)
- signaling (3)
- single-molecule biophysics (3)
- sleep (3)
- software (3)
- specialization (3)
- spillover (3)
- sturgeon (3)
- sucrose responsiveness (3)
- super-resolution (3)
- superresolution (3)
- survival (3)
- systems biology (3)
- time series (3)
- tool (3)
- toxins (3)
- transcriptional regulation (3)
- translational research (3)
- transposable elements (3)
- trypanosoma (3)
- tsetse fly (3)
- tumor (3)
- vaccinia virus (3)
- winter wheat (3)
- zebrafish (3)
- "-omics" (2)
- 3D reconstruction (2)
- ATF4 (2)
- Acromyrmex fracticornis (2)
- African Trypanosomes (2)
- Annotation (2)
- Anthropocene (2)
- Araneae (2)
- Aspergillus (2)
- Ausbreitung (2)
- B cell receptors (2)
- B lymphocytes (2)
- BBCH (2)
- BDNF (2)
- BMP (2)
- Bacillus (2)
- Bees (2)
- Bioinformatik (2)
- Blattkäfer (2)
- Bordetella pertussis (2)
- Botanik (2)
- Bruchpilot (2)
- C-60 fullerene (2)
- C-MYC (2)
- CRC (2)
- CSF (2)
- Camponotus floridanus (2)
- Cancer (2)
- Chromatin structure (2)
- Circular dichroism (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Computersimulation (2)
- Conservation (2)
- DM-domain gene (2)
- DNA antibodies (2)
- DNA barcoding (2)
- DNA storage (2)
- DNA-PK (2)
- ELISPOT (2)
- ESS (2)
- Ecology (2)
- Eiablage (2)
- Eiparasitismus (2)
- Endosymbiont (2)
- Enzymes (2)
- European beech (2)
- Expansion microscopy (2)
- Fagus sylvatica (2)
- Fish (2)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (2)
- Flussufer (2)
- Frosch (2)
- Fusion proteins (2)
- Galeruca tanaceti (2)
- Gene-expression (2)
- Genetik (2)
- Genome (2)
- Germany (2)
- HPV (2)
- Habitat fragmentation (2)
- Hemolysin (2)
- Hill numbers (2)
- Host-parasite interaction (2)
- Host-parasite interactions (2)
- I-tasser (2)
- IL-2 (2)
- In vitro (2)
- Insects (2)
- Insekten (2)
- Japankärpfling (2)
- Jena Experiment (2)
- Kenyon cells (2)
- Ki67 (2)
- Krebs <Medizin> (2)
- L929 (2)
- LINC complex (2)
- Lampbrush chromosomes (2)
- Lebendgebärende Zahnkarpfen (2)
- LiDAR (2)
- MAPK signaling cascades (2)
- Malaysia (2)
- Mc4r (2)
- Mechanisms (2)
- Melanom (2)
- Melanoma (2)
- Metabolic pathways (2)
- Microtubules (2)
- Mitochondria (2)
- Mushroom bodies (2)
- NDVI (2)
- NF-KAPPA-B (2)
- NGS (2)
- NOTCH (2)
- Neisseria meningitidis (2)
- Nucleolus (2)
- Olea (2)
- Oocytes (2)
- Oomyzus galerucivorus (2)
- Orthoptera (2)
- PCR (2)
- PI3K (2)
- PTEN (2)
- Parasit (2)
- Patterns (2)
- Pflanzenfressende Insekten (2)
- Polymerase chain reaction (2)
- R package (2)
- RCC (2)
- RNA polymerase II (2)
- RNA secondary structure (2)
- RNA sequencing (2)
- RNA-SEQ data (2)
- RNA-Seq (2)
- RNAseq (2)
- Rectal cancer (2)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2)
- Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) (2)
- Scarabaeidae (2)
- Serotonin (2)
- Skorpion (2)
- Spermatogenesis (2)
- Squalius alburnoides (2)
- Surgery (2)
- T-cells (2)
- TP53 (2)
- Theoretische Ökologie (2)
- Transcription (2)
- Visualisierung (2)
- WH2 domain (2)
- Wilms tumor (2)
- Wilms tumour (2)
- Wirt (2)
- Y chromosome (2)
- Zebrafish (2)
- abscisic acid (ABA) (2)
- abundance (2)
- acid sphingomyelinase (2)
- actin (2)
- action potentials (2)
- activity rhythm (2)
- acute myeloid leukaemia (2)
- adaption (2)
- agri-environment schemes (2)
- agroecosystems (2)
- algorithm (2)
- alternative splicing (2)
- amino acid (2)
- animal behavior (2)
- animal physiology (2)
- ant (2)
- ant brain (2)
- antibiotics (2)
- antigenic variation (2)
- antimicrobial (2)
- auxin (2)
- avoidance learning (2)
- bark beetles (2)
- bats (2)
- bee (2)
- bee conservation (2)
- beech forests (2)
- behavioral plasticity (2)
- behavioural ecology (2)
- binding protein (2)
- biodiversity conservation (2)
- biogenesis (2)
- biological techniques (2)
- biophysics (2)
- blood platelets (2)
- bone morphogenetic proteins (2)
- brain development (2)
- breed predisposition (2)
- c-MYC (2)
- caenorhabditis elegans (2)
- calcium (2)
- cancer cells (2)
- cancer genomics (2)
- cancer microenvironment (2)
- cancer therapy (2)
- cancer treatment (2)
- canine (2)
- canine cancer therapy (2)
- capacitance (2)
- carbon dioxide (2)
- carcinomas (2)
- carpenter ant (2)
- cell binding (2)
- cell growth (2)
- cell proliferation (2)
- cell staining (2)
- cell surface (2)
- cells (2)
- cellular neuroscience (2)
- cellular signalling networks (2)
- cerebrospinal fluid (2)
- chaperones (2)
- chemical communication (2)
- chemical ecology (2)
- chemical mimicry (2)
- chromatin structure (2)
- chronobiology (2)
- circadian clock neurons (2)
- circadian rhythm (2)
- cloning (2)
- co-culture (2)
- combination therapy (2)
- communities (2)
- community (2)
- community composition (2)
- community ecology (2)
- complication (2)
- compound eye (2)
- conservation biology (2)
- cotton (2)
- crosstalk (2)
- cytotoxic T cells (2)
- dendritic cells (2)
- depth (2)
- diapause (2)
- diet (2)
- disease (2)
- dispersal ability (2)
- dispersal rate (2)
- distribution (2)
- domain (2)
- drug design (2)
- drug repurposing (2)
- ecosystem service (2)
- electron tomography (2)
- elevation (2)
- elevation gradient (2)
- endophyte (2)
- endosomes (2)
- engineering (2)
- entomology (2)
- envelopment (2)
- ethanol (2)
- eugenol (2)
- exome sequencing (2)
- expansion microscopy (2)
- experiment (2)
- extinction risk (2)
- fertility (2)
- fish (2)
- fish model (2)
- fission yeast (2)
- fitness (2)
- flagellar pocket (2)
- flooding (2)
- flow cytometry (2)
- fluorescence imaging (2)
- fluorescence spectroscopy (2)
- fluorescent proteins (2)
- fluorescent-probes (2)
- flupyradifurone (2)
- flybow (2)
- forensic neuropathology (2)
- forensic neurotraumatology (2)
- forest succession (2)
- formicidae (2)
- fruit set (2)
- functional analysis (2)
- functional characterization (2)
- functional traits (2)
- fungal pathogens (2)
- fusion (2)
- gastric cancer (2)
- gastrointestinal tract (2)
- gene targeting (2)
- generalization (2)
- genetic diversity (2)
- genetic variation (2)
- genome annotation (2)
- glioblastoma multiforme (2)
- grading (2)
- grasslands (2)
- guard cell (2)
- gynogenesis (2)
- habitat heterogeneity (2)
- herbivore (2)
- herpes virus (2)
- histology (2)
- histones (2)
- homeostasis (2)
- homologous chromosomes (2)
- homologous recombination (2)
- host-pathogen interactions (2)
- human (2)
- human immunodeficiency virus (2)
- hybridomas (2)
- hyperexpression techniques (2)
- hypothalamus (2)
- hypotonic (2)
- hypoxia (2)
- ichthyology (2)
- imaging the immune system (2)
- immune system (2)
- in-vivo (2)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (2)
- induction (2)
- inflammatory bowel disease (2)
- insect decline (2)
- insect monitoring (2)
- insect vision (2)
- insecticide (2)
- insulin (2)
- interaction networks (2)
- interactome (2)
- intracellular bacterial pathogens (2)
- intracellular membranes (2)
- intracellular pathogens (2)
- invasion (2)
- isothermal titration calorimetry (2)
- isotonic (2)
- juvenile hormone (2)
- land use intensification (2)
- land-use intensity (2)
- landscape heterogeneity (2)
- language (2)
- learning and memory (2)
- lepidoptera (2)
- linguistic morphology (2)
- lipid metabolism (2)
- lipidomics (2)
- liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2)
- living cells (2)
- lncRNAs (2)
- localization (2)
- locomotor activity (2)
- long non-coding RNA (2)
- lysosome (2)
- macroecology (2)
- magnetic compass (2)
- maize (2)
- mating success (2)
- measles virus (2)
- mechanisms (2)
- mechanisms of disease (2)
- membrane biophysics (2)
- membrane receptor signaling (2)
- meta-analysis (2)
- metabolic adaptation (2)
- metabolic flux (2)
- metabolic modeling (2)
- miR (2)
- miRNA (2)
- microRNAs (2)
- microarrays (2)
- microbial ecology (2)
- microclimate (2)
- microswimmer (2)
- models (2)
- molecular cloning (2)
- molecular dynamics (2)
- molecular phylogeny (2)
- morphology (2)
- morphometry (2)
- mosquito (2)
- mouse model (2)
- multiparticle collision dynamics (2)
- mutants (2)
- national park (2)
- natural enemies (2)
- natural language processing (2)
- natural pest control (2)
- natural variation (2)
- nature conservation (2)
- necrobiome (2)
- nervous system (2)
- nesting habits (2)
- networks (2)
- neuroethology (2)
- neuromodulation (2)
- neuromuscular junction (2)
- neuroscience (2)
- neurotransmitter release (2)
- nuclear organization (2)
- nucleosomes (2)
- numerical cognition (2)
- obesity (2)
- olfactory memory (2)
- olive (2)
- oncolysis (2)
- orientation (2)
- outcome (2)
- oxidative stress (2)
- pH (2)
- paediatric cancer (2)
- parasite (2)
- parasitic cell cycles (2)
- parasitic diseases (2)
- parasitology (2)
- paraspeckles (2)
- parthenogenesis (2)
- patch-clamp (2)
- pathogenicity (2)
- pathway (2)
- perfusion culture (2)
- phagocytosis (2)
- pharmacology (2)
- phenology (2)
- phenotypic plasticity (2)
- photoreceptor (2)
- photoswitchable organic fluorophores (2)
- phototransduction (2)
- phylogenetics (2)
- piRNA (2)
- plant diversity (2)
- plant–insect interactions (2)
- platelet (2)
- pluripotency (2)
- pollination network (2)
- pollinator decline (2)
- polymerase chain reaction (2)
- polymorphism (2)
- polyploidy (2)
- population genetics (2)
- population structure (2)
- populations (2)
- positive selection (2)
- potassium (2)
- predation (2)
- preexisting bias (2)
- proboscis extension response (PER) (2)
- projection neurons (2)
- propulsion (2)
- protein structure (2)
- protein-protein interaction (2)
- proteomes (2)
- psychiatric disorders (2)
- psycholinguistics (2)
- puberty (2)
- pupae (2)
- quality control (2)
- quantity discrimination (2)
- radiation sensitivity (2)
- reactive oxygen species (2)
- receptor (2)
- receptor signalling (2)
- release (2)
- renal cancer (2)
- replication (2)
- reproductive success (2)
- resin (2)
- resource use (2)
- retinoic acid (2)
- ribosome (2)
- ribosome biogenesis (2)
- salt stress (2)
- sampling method (2)
- seasonality (2)
- selection (2)
- self-organization (2)
- semi-natural habitats (2)
- sequence databases (2)
- sequestration (2)
- serotonin (2)
- sesame (2)
- sex determination (2)
- sex differentiation (2)
- signal peptides (2)
- signaling pathway (2)
- signals (2)
- simulation (2)
- sleeping sickness (2)
- solitary bee (2)
- solitary bees (2)
- somatic mutations (2)
- species concept (2)
- species diversity (2)
- spermatocytes (2)
- spermatogenesis (2)
- sphingomyelinase (2)
- spider (2)
- sporidia (2)
- structural biology (2)
- structural synaptic plasticity (2)
- structure prediction (2)
- structured illumination microscopy (2)
- succession (2)
- sun exposure (2)
- surgical and invasive medical procedures (2)
- sustainable agriculture (2)
- sustainable intensification (2)
- swarming (2)
- synapsis (2)
- synaptonemal complex (2)
- synergistic effect (2)
- synthetic biology (2)
- systematics (2)
- temperate forests (2)
- testis (2)
- therapy (2)
- thermogenesis (2)
- transcription factor MIZ-1 (2)
- trap nests (2)
- trees (2)
- triglycerides (2)
- tumour immunology (2)
- turnover (2)
- ubiquitin (2)
- ubiquitination (2)
- ultrastructure (2)
- urbanization (2)
- vaccine (2)
- variants (2)
- vascular plants (2)
- viruses (2)
- viscosity (2)
- visual system (2)
- visualization (2)
- wood-inhabiting fungi (2)
- β-diversity (2)
- ( L. ivanovii ) (1)
- ( L. selligeri) (1)
- (classical and atypical) Werner syndrome (1)
- 16S metabarcoding (1)
- 16S ribosomal-RNA (1)
- 18S (1)
- 2-DG (1)
- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (1)
- 26S RDNA Data (1)
- 28 (1)
- 3-dimensional structure (1)
- 3D lung tumor model (1)
- 3D lung tumor tissue models (1)
- 3D modeling (1)
- 3D tissue models (1)
- 4TH-Corner Problem (1)
- 5-fluorouracil (1)
- 5-methylcytosine (1)
- 6-benzylaminopurine (1)
- A-type lamins (1)
- A. thaliana (1)
- A2a-R receptor (1)
- ABP1 (1)
- ACKR4 (1)
- AFLP (1)
- AI (1)
- AIModules (1)
- AKT (1)
- ALPH (1)
- ALPH1 (1)
- ANOVA (1)
- AP-1 (1)
- APEX2 (1)
- ARF tumor-suppressor induced lymphomagenes (1)
- ATG7 (1)
- ATM (1)
- ATP carrier (1)
- ATP synthase (1)
- ATP-DnaA complex (1)
- ATP-adenosine triphosphate (1)
- ATPase mutants (1)
- AUX1 (1)
- Aaskäfer (1)
- Abbe-Limit (1)
- Abstandsmessung (1)
- Accurate (1)
- Acetabularia (1)
- Acetylated tubulin (1)
- Acids (1)
- Acipenser baerii (1)
- Acromyrmex ambiguus (1)
- Acromyrmex heyeri (1)
- Actin nucleation (1)
- Actinomycin D (1)
- Action potentials (1)
- Activation (1)
- Adenocarcinomas (1)
- Advanced snowmelt (1)
- African agriculture (1)
- African trypanosome (1)
- African trypanosomes (1)
- Agricultural intensification (1)
- Agro-ecology (1)
- AldoA (1)
- Alkaline phosphatase (1)
- Allelic loss (1)
- Alpine habitats (1)
- Alvis (1)
- Alzheimers disease (1)
- AmGr1 (1)
- AmGr2 (1)
- AmGr3 (1)
- Amazon Molly (1)
- Amazonia (1)
- Amazonian forest (1)
- Ambrosiella (1)
- American foulbrood (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Ampfer (1)
- Amphibians (1)
- Amplification (1)
- Amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Aneuploidy (1)
- Angiopoietin-2 (1)
- Angiopoietin-like 4 (1)
- Angiosperms ; Ant-plant interactions ; domatia ; Flora of Malaysia (1)
- Anisandrus (1)
- Anoplolepis gracilipes (1)
- Ant-following birds (1)
- Ant-plant interactions (1)
- Ant-plant interactions ; Herbivory Macaranga ; Mutualism ; Myrmecophytes (1)
- Ant/plant interaction (1)
- Antibody (1)
- Anticoagulants (1)
- Ants (1)
- ApaH (1)
- ApaH like phosphatase (1)
- Apidae (1)
- Apis dorsata (1)
- Apoidea (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Arabidopsis-thaliana (1)
- Araneidae (1)
- Araneus diadematus (1)
- Arena experiment (1)
- Argonaute (1)
- Arthropod (1)
- Arthropods (1)
- Articular-Cartilage (1)
- Aspergillus fumigalus (1)
- Aspergillus medium (1)
- Assemblages (1)
- Aulonocara (1)
- Aureobasidium (1)
- Australian stingless bees (1)
- Autism (1)
- Autism spectrum disorders (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- Axl tyrosine kinase (1)
- Axon degeneration (1)
- Axonal degeneration (1)
- Axonal transport (1)
- B cells (1)
- B chromosomes (1)
- B-MYB (1)
- B-cell (1)
- BCL-X-L P53 (1)
- BH3 domains (1)
- BM (1)
- BMP antagonist (1)
- BMP signaling (1)
- BRAF (1)
- BRAF mutation (1)
- BRCA1 positive (1)
- BRCA1/2 negative (1)
- BRCA2 positive (1)
- Bacillus-subtilis (1)
- Bacterial symbionts (1)
- Barcodes (1)
- Barrier (1)
- Bartak (1)
- Baum (1)
- BayPass (1)
- Bcl-2 proteins (1)
- Beauveria bassiana (1)
- Bee abundance (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Behavioural ecology (1)
- Bembix (1)
- Berberine (1)
- Berger-Parker (1)
- Bevacizumab (1)
- Bialowieza (1)
- Bienenverhalten (1)
- Bienenwolf (1)
- BioID (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biokinetics (1)
- Biological identifications (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomechanical Properties (1)
- Blattschneiderameisen (1)
- Blood-brain-barrier (1)
- Bocas-del-Toro (1)
- Body size (1)
- Body weight (1)
- Bombus (1)
- Bombus Spp. Hymenoptera (1)
- Bombus terrestris (1)
- Bone disease (1)
- Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (1)
- Bone regeneration (1)
- Boolean function (1)
- Boolean signaling network (1)
- Boolean tree (1)
- Bottom-up (1)
- Brain (1)
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (1)
- Brassicaceae (1)
- Brassicogethes spp. (1)
- BrdU-Hoechst (1)
- Brownsche Bewegung (1)
- Brucei (1)
- Bumblebee (1)
- Buntbarsche (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- C-MYC PUMA (1)
- C.376A>G (p.S126G) (1)
- C60 fullerene (1)
- CA2+ channels (1)
- CA3 (1)
- CA3 pyrimidal cells (1)
- CCAP (1)
- CCDC79 (1)
- CCHamide1 (1)
- CCL3 (1)
- CCL4 (1)
- CCL5 (1)
- CCR7 (1)
- CCl\(_4\) (1)
- CD117 (1)
- CD23 (1)
- CD274 (1)
- CD28 (1)
- CD4 (1)
- CD4+T cells (1)
- CD8 (1)
- CD8+T cells (1)
- CD95 (1)
- CDC14A (1)
- CENP-A (1)
- CETCH cycle (1)
- CHAC1 (1)
- CIDP (1)
- CIR aerial imagery (1)
- CLAVATA3 (1)
- CLL (1)
- CLV3p (1)
- CNG channel (1)
- CNV (1)
- CO2-sequestration (1)
- COI (1)
- COL9A1 (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- COX2 expression (1)
- CPAF activation (1)
- CPF (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CRY evolution (1)
- CSE4, CENP-A (1)
- CX5461 (1)
- CYR61 (1)
- C\(_{60}\) fullerene (1)
- Ca\(^{2+}\) channels (1)
- Cadherin-13 (CDH13) (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) (1)
- Cancer Cell (1)
- Cancer genetics (1)
- CarO (1)
- Carabidae (1)
- Carbon Metabolism (1)
- Cataglyphis (1)
- Cataglyphis-Wüstenameisen (1)
- Cataglyphis-fortis (1)
- Cdu1 (1)
- Cell Motility (1)
- Cell stainin (1)
- Cell surface (1)
- Cell surface proteomics (1)
- Cell-line (1)
- Cellular imaging (1)
- Central complex (1)
- Central nervous system (1)
- Cervical cancer (1)
- Cestoda (1)
- Cestode (1)
- ChIP-sequencing (1)
- Chagas diagnosis (1)
- Chagas disease (1)
- Chagas monitoring (1)
- Chagas real time PCR (1)
- Chemical composition (1)
- Chemical nature (1)
- Chemotaxis (1)
- Children (1)
- Chirurgie (1)
- Chl (1)
- ChlaDUB1 (1)
- Chlamydia pneumoniae (1)
- Chlamydiales (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Chromatin and Epigenetics (1)
- Chromosomes (1)
- Chrysididae (1)
- Cimex lectularius (1)
- Circadian rhythms and sleep (1)
- Cisplatin (1)
- Clever Hans Phenomenon (1)
- Climate Change (1)
- Co-option (1)
- CoA (1)
- Coagulation factor IX (1)
- Coahuila (1)
- Cobl domain (1)
- Cocalodinae (1)
- Coexpression (1)
- Coffin–Lowry syndrome (1)
- Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Colonial volvocales chlorophyta (1)
- Colonization (1)
- Colony growth (1)
- Common Agricultural Policy (1)
- Community ecology (1)
- Complex medium (1)
- Components (1)
- Compressive Properties (1)
- Computational and Systems Biology (1)
- Computer modelling (1)
- Computer software (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Conifers (1)
- Context (1)
- Coreidae (1)
- Costa Rica (1)
- Coumarin (1)
- CpG (1)
- Crematogaster borneensis (1)
- Cross-bridges (1)
- Cross-species analyses (1)
- CrossQuery (1)
- Cryptic species (1)
- Curculionidae (1)
- Cushing (1)
- Cushing’s disease (1)
- Cynoglossus semilaevis (1)
- Cysteine: motif (1)
- Cytosol (1)
- Cytotoxic (1)
- DFNB32 (1)
- DFNB68 (1)
- DLS and AFM measurements (1)
- DMRT1 (1)
- DNA barcodes (1)
- DNA complex (1)
- DNA double-strand breaks (1)
- DNA electrophoresis (1)
- DNA fingerprinting (1)
- DNA helicase (1)
- DNA hybridization (1)
- DNA immunolocalization (1)
- DNA mediated gene transfer (1)
- DNA metabarcoding (1)
- DNA methylation (DNAm) age (1)
- DNA methylation dynamics (1)
- DNA nanotechnology (1)
- DNA recombination (1)
- DNA replication initiation (1)
- DNA sequences (1)
- DNA transcription (1)
- DNA-based species delimitation (1)
- DNA-binding (1)
- DNA-binding domain (1)
- DNA-binding vesicles (1)
- DNA-damage checkpoint (1)
- DNA-repair (1)
- DOT1 (1)
- DOT1B (1)
- DRD1 (1)
- DUB (1)
- DUB inhibitor (1)
- Danio-rerio (1)
- Dasycladales chlorophyta (1)
- DeepSqueak (1)
- Delayed snowmelt (1)
- Deletion analysis (1)
- Densities (1)
- Desert ant navigation (1)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Diabetic polyneuropathy (1)
- Dichte (1)
- Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (1)
- Dionaea-muscipula ellis (1)
- Dmrt1bY (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Dopaminergic PAM cluster neurons (1)
- Dorylinae (1)
- Down syndrome (1)
- Doxorubicin (1)
- Drosha (1)
- Drosophila Antennal Lobe (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster motoneuron (1)
- Drought (1)
- Dufours gland (1)
- Dunce isoforms (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- E. coli atp operon (1)
- E3 ligase (1)
- EEG (1)
- EF-1A (1)
- EGF receptor (1)
- EMT (1)
- ENV (1)
- ERG (1)
- ERK signaling (1)
- EZH2 (1)
- Echinococcosis (1)
- Ecological Networks (1)
- Ecological networks (1)
- Ecologically important traits (1)
- Ecosystem ecology (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Ectopic bone formation (1)
- Edema formation (1)
- Egfr (1)
- Einfluss (1)
- Electron Microscopy (1)
- Elektrofusion (1)
- Elektroporation (1)
- Embryo (1)
- Embryonic induction (1)
- Emotional behavior (1)
- Endothelial growth-factor (1)
- Enhancer (1)
- Enterobacteriaceae (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Enzyme Regulation (1)
- Enzyme kinetics (1)
- Enzyme metabolism (1)
- Enzyme regulation (1)
- Epicardium-derived cells (1)
- Epichloë spp. (1)
- Epidermal growth-factor (1)
- Epidermaler Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptor (1)
- Epigenetics (1)
- Epitope (1)
- Epstein-Barr-virus (1)
- Erigone atra (1)
- Escberichia coli (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (1)
- Estivation (1)
- Eukaryoten (1)
- Eulophidae (1)
- Europe (1)
- European foulbrood (1)
- European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta) (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Event (1)
- Evolutionary developmental biology (1)
- Evolutionary emergence (1)
- Exosome (1)
- Experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (1)
- Explorative analyses (1)
- Expression (1)
- Extracellular matrix (1)
- Extrembiotop (1)
- F-actin (1)
- FBXW7 (1)
- FIB-SEM (1)
- FISH-CLEM (1)
- FLIMbee (1)
- FLS2 receptor (1)
- FSC (1)
- FWGE (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Fabry disease (1)
- Factor sigma(B) (1)
- Fagus orientalis (1)
- Fbw7 (1)
- Fetal brain development (1)
- Fgf-signalling (1)
- Fische (1)
- Flagellum (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flowering (1)
- Flowering plants (1)
- Flowers (1)
- Fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Fluoreszenzsonden (1)
- FoSTeS/MMBIR mechanism (1)
- Foragers (1)
- Forests (1)
- Fourthcorner analysis (1)
- Fragmentierung (1)
- Freeze-etching (1)
- French-Canadian patients (1)
- Frontal cortex (1)
- Functional diversity (1)
- Functional modules (1)
- Fungal cell-walls (1)
- Fungal traits (1)
- Fusarium fujikuroi (1)
- Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptors (1)
- GABA (1)
- GABA-A receptor (1)
- GABAA receptors (1)
- GAD1 (1)
- GAG (1)
- GDNF5 (1)
- GIS (1)
- GP41 cytoplasmic tail (1)
- GPCR (1)
- GPI-anchor (1)
- GPVI (1)
- GSH (1)
- Galectin-1 (1)
- Gefäßpflanzen (1)
- Gen (1)
- Gene (1)
- Gene Regulation (1)
- Gene cloning (1)
- Gene duplication (1)
- Gene expression analysis (1)
- Gene expression profiling (1)
- Gene expression vectors (1)
- Gene sets (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genetics research (1)
- Genom / Genkartierung / Genanalyse (1)
- Genome assembly (1)
- Genome comparison (1)
- Genome evolution (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Genomics data sets (1)
- Gentransfer (1)
- German Research Foundation (1)
- Germinative cell (1)
- Germline (1)
- Geruch (1)
- Gewebe (1)
- Goldbrasse (1)
- Golgi (1)
- Golgi apparatus (1)
- Government research funding (1)
- Gram-positive bacteria (1)
- Grasses (1)
- H7N9 influenza virus (1)
- HDBSCAN (1)
- HECT (1)
- HECT Ligase (1)
- HGF (1)
- HGPS (1)
- HHV-6 (1)
- HHblits (1)
- HIV-1 (1)
- HIV-1 protease (1)
- HKT transporter (1)
- HLA class ll (1)
- HMG-Proteine (1)
- HNSCC (1)
- HPLC-ESI-MS (1)
- HPLC/UPLC methods (1)
- HRAS (1)
- HSP90 inhibitor (1)
- Habitats (1)
- Halictidae (1)
- Halobacterium halobium (1)
- Harold Garnet Callan (1)
- Hautflügler (1)
- Health (1)
- Hela Cells (1)
- Heparan-sulfate (1)
- Hepatitis B Virus (1)
- Herbivory (1)
- Heteroptera (1)
- Hibernation (1)
- High mobility group (1)
- High-End-Mikroskopie (1)
- High-throughput data (1)
- Hill's powers (1)
- Himmelskompass (1)
- Histone gamma H2AX (1)
- Homoptera aphididae (1)
- Honey bees (1)
- Honey-bees (1)
- Honeybee (1)
- Horizontal transfer (1)
- Human (1)
- Human Knee (1)
- Human Medial Meniscus (1)
- Human atrial stromal cells (1)
- Human lung-cancer (1)
- Human prefrontal cortex (1)
- Human-immunodeficiency-virus (1)
- Hybridisierung <Biologie> (1)
- Hyperolius viridiflavus (1)
- Hypopharyngeal glands (1)
- Hypothalamus (1)
- Hypoxia (1)
- ICEP (1)
- ICP27 (1)
- IFN-γ (1)
- IGFBP2 (1)
- III adenylyl cyclases (1)
- III secretion (1)
- III secretion system (1)
- IL-17 (1)
- IL-4 antagonists (1)
- IL-4-receptor (1)
- IL-5 (1)
- IL-7 (1)
- IL2 branching (1)
- IN-VIVO (1)
- IR (1)
- ImageJ (1)
- ImageJ plugin (1)
- Imd pathway (1)
- Immunohistochemistry (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- Improved survival (1)
- In vivo (1)
- In-vivo (1)
- Inc (1)
- Inclusion (1)
- IncuCyte\(^®\)S3 (1)
- Induced senescence (1)
- Injuries (1)
- Inoculum production (1)
- Insect flight (1)
- Insect hosts (1)
- Insect pests (1)
- Insect symbiois (1)
- Insekt (1)
- Insektennavigation (1)
- Insulin (1)
- Integrated network analysis (1)
- Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) (1)
- Interleukin 2 (1)
- Interleukin 4 (1)
- Interleukin 4 (human) (1)
- Interleukin 7 (1)
- Interleukin-4 (1)
- Interleukin-4 (IL-4) (1)
- Intermediate filaments (1)
- Invasion (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Ips typographus (1)
- IronChip Evaluation Package (1)
- Isoenzym (1)
- JAK2 (1)
- JNK (1)
- JUN (1)
- Jasmonate perception (1)
- Java 3D (1)
- Jmjd6 (1)
- Johnstons organ (1)
- K-RAS (1)
- KIT (1)
- KRAS biomarker signatures (1)
- KRAS mutation signature (1)
- Karyotyp (1)
- Karyotype; chromosome banding; Desertellio elongatus; Crustacea; Isopoda; Oniscidea (1)
- Kidney cancer (1)
- Kinase inhibitor (1)
- Kinase pathway (1)
- Kinetoplastea (1)
- Kinetoplastida (1)
- Klimaneutralität (1)
- Klimapflanzen (1)
- Klimawandel (1)
- Konservierung (1)
- Krebs (1)
- Kryptolebias marmoratus (1)
- LAMN (1)
- LASP1 (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LC–HRESIMS (1)
- LEDs (1)
- LINC complexes (1)
- LMNA mutations (1)
- LS-MIDA (1)
- Labial glands (1)
- Lacking neurofilaments (1)
- Lamto Reserve (1)
- Land plants (1)
- Land-use change (1)
- Landsat (1)
- Landsat 8 (1)
- Landscape ecology (1)
- Landschaft (1)
- Landwirtschaft (1)
- Laparoscopy (1)
- Lariophagus distinguendus (1)
- Latimeria menadoensis (1)
- Latrophilin (1)
- Laufkäfer (1)
- Leaf cutting ants (1)
- Learning and memory (1)
- Leaves (1)
- Legionella (1)
- Legume crops (1)
- Legumes (1)
- LeishBASEedit (1)
- Leishmania (1)
- Lichtheimia (1)
- Life expectancy (1)
- Ligand <Biochemie> (1)
- Limb development (1)
- Limit (1)
- Listeria (1)
- Listeria monocytogenes (1)
- Listeriolysin O (1)
- Live cells (1)
- Living cells (1)
- Llullaillaco Volcano (1)
- Locomotion compensator (1)
- Locomotor activity (1)
- Locus (1)
- Logged forests (1)
- Lov domain (1)
- Lung-cancer (1)
- Lymantria dispar (1)
- Lymph nodes (1)
- Lynx lynx (1)
- M14 carboxypeptidasses (1)
- MALDI imaging (1)
- MAX (1)
- MDSCs (1)
- ME/CFS (1)
- MET receptor (1)
- MHC I (1)
- MHC II (1)
- MITE (1)
- MITF (1)
- MMP-1 (1)
- MOD13Q1 (1)
- MODIS (1)
- MORN-repeat (1)
- MSCI (1)
- MTH1 (1)
- MTL30 (1)
- MYCNv (1)
- Maculinea butterfly (1)
- Madagascar (1)
- Magnetic-resonance microscopy (1)
- Magnetkompass (1)
- Malaise trap (1)
- Malaya (1)
- Male intromittent organ (1)
- Malignant melanoma (1)
- Mamestra brassicae (1)
- Maus (1)
- Mbt (1)
- Mcl-1 (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Mechanistic model (1)
- Medaka - Genetransfer - Transient expression - DNA fate - Fish developmental biology (1)
- Medaka fish (1)
- Medicine (1)
- Megalobrama amblycephala (1)
- Megaponera analis (1)
- Meiosis (1)
- Meliponini (1)
- Melophorus-bagoti (1)
- Membranes (1)
- Merogone experiments (1)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- Mesocestoides corti (1)
- Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Particles (1)
- Messenger-RNS (1)
- Met (1)
- Metabolic profiles (1)
- Metabolismus (1)
- Metacestode (1)
- Metarhizium anisopliae (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methylome (1)
- Mexican coffee plantations (1)
- MiMIC (1)
- Microarray (1)
- Microarray analysis (1)
- Microarray data (1)
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease (1)
- Microorganisms (1)
- Middle cerebral-artery (1)
- Mikroarray (1)
- Milnesium tardigradum (1)
- Minimally invasive surgery (1)
- MircoRNA (1)
- Missense mutation (1)
- Model (1)
- Models (1)
- Molecular Biophysics (1)
- Molecular biophysics (1)
- Molecular neuroscience (1)
- Molecular systematics (1)
- Molecules (1)
- Moleküle (1)
- Monogamie (1)
- Monte-Carlo-Simulation (1)
- Motion (1)
- Motoneuron disease (1)
- Motor nerve biopsy (1)
- Mouse model (1)
- Mouse-brain (1)
- Movement (1)
- Mt. Kinabalu (1)
- Mucin (1)
- Multiple Traits (1)
- Multiple myeloma (1)
- Multipolar mitosis (1)
- Multivariate analysis (1)
- Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Chirurgie (1)
- Muscidifurax (1)
- Mutation screening (1)
- Mutations (1)
- Myb-MuvB (1)
- Myc Transcription (1)
- Mycobacterium (1)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1)
- Mycoplasma (1)
- Myofibroblast differentiation (1)
- Myrmecophytes (1)
- Myrmecophytism ; Malaysia ; trophobionts ; colony foundation ; Cladomyrma (1)
- Myrmica ant non-equilibrium dynamics (1)
- N-Myc (1)
- N-terminal domain (1)
- NAD (1)
- NCI-60 (1)
- NEAT1 (1)
- NF-κB (1)
- NFATc1 (1)
- NHX1 (1)
- NMD (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NO (1)
- NONO (1)
- NSCLC (1)
- NTP-binding-properties (1)
- NaCl transport (1)
- Nanda-Hamner (1)
- Nanos (1)
- Nasonia (1)
- Nasonia courtship (1)
- National Science Foundation (1)
- Natural Language Processing (1)
- Negative geotaxis (1)
- Neisseria (1)
- Neoblast (1)
- Nephroblastoma (1)
- Nerve growth factor (1)
- Nervenzelle (1)
- Nervous system (1)
- Nesting resources (1)
- Neural circuits (1)
- Neuro-blastoma (1)
- Neurofilament (1)
- Neuromuscular junctions (1)
- Neuronal survival (1)
- Neuropathy (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- Neurotrophic factors (1)
- New Species (1)
- New Zealand (1)
- Niedere Wirbeltiere (1)
- Nitrogen metabolism (1)
- Njassasee (1)
- Non-phototrophic bacteria (1)
- Normal Distribution (1)
- Northeastern Costa Rica (1)
- Nuclear RDNA (1)
- Nuclear envelope (1)
- Nuclear pore complex (1)
- Nuclear pores (1)
- Nucleocytoplasmic exchange (1)
- Nucleocytoplasmic transport (1)
- Nucleolus-DNA (1)
- Nurses (1)
- OGEE v2 (1)
- OLFM4 (1)
- Oilseed rape (1)
- Omp85 (1)
- Oncogene (1)
- Oncology (1)
- Oogenesis (1)
- Open-source tool (1)
- OpsA (1)
- Opsins (1)
- Oralchirurgie (1)
- Ordination methods (1)
- Oryza sativa (1)
- Osmia (1)
- Osmia bicornis (1)
- Osmoregulation (1)
- Osteoarthritis (1)
- Osteogenic precursor cells (1)
- Outer membrane proteins (1)
- P14ARF (1)
- P15(INK4B) (1)
- P21 (1)
- P53 (1)
- PABPs (1)
- PAK4 (1)
- PD-L1 (1)
- PDE4d (1)
- PICD (1)
- PKCζ, (1)
- POTRA domain (1)
- POZ domain (1)
- PSMA (1)
- Pacific Ocean (1)
- Paenibacillus (1)
- Paenibacterin (1)
- Pain (1)
- Pakistan (1)
- Parasite development (1)
- Parataxonomy (1)
- Parkinson's disease (1)
- Parkinsons diesease (1)
- Partially parallel acquisitions (1)
- Path-integraton (1)
- Peptidoglycan recognition (1)
- Period (1)
- Perugia-Kärpfling (1)
- Pfam domain (1)
- Phenols (1)
- Photoactivated localization microscopy (1)
- Phylogenetics (1)
- Phylogenie (1)
- Pilze (1)
- PknB (1)
- Plant growth promotion (1)
- Plant root endophyte (1)
- Plant utricularia-gibba (1)
- Plant-herbivore interactions (1)
- Plant-insect interactions (1)
- Plantation forests (1)
- Plants (1)
- Plasma-membrane (1)
- Plataspidae (1)
- Platelet-derived growthfactor (1)
- Podocarpus National Park (1)
- Poecilia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) (1)
- Poecilia reticulata (1)
- Poeciliid fish (1)
- Polistine wasps (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Pollination (1)
- Pollinators (1)
- Polycistronic mRNA (1)
- Polylactide-co-glycolide (1)
- Polyspermy (1)
- Poor-prognosis (1)
- Poplars (1)
- PorB (1)
- Predictive toxicology (1)
- Prfa-mediated virulence (1)
- Primary endosymbiont (1)
- Proenzyme (1)
- Profile distances (1)
- Profiling (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Prognosis (1)
- Programmed cell-death (1)
- Programmierbare logische Anordnung (1)
- Progressive motor neuronopathy (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Promotor (1)
- Proteasen (1)
- Protection (1)
- Protein folding (1)
- Protein kinase D3 (PKD3) (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Proteinmarkierungen (1)
- Proteus vulgaris (1)
- Protoonkogen (1)
- Protopterus annectens (1)
- Protoscolex (1)
- Prunus-africana (1)
- Präferenz (1)
- Pseudotsuga menziesii (1)
- Pteromalidae (1)
- Purkinje cells (1)
- QTL analysis (1)
- R-loop (1)
- R. sphaeroidesl (1)
- R0 (1)
- RAS (1)
- RBCL (1)
- RBCL Gene-sequences (1)
- RBM8A (1)
- RET6 (1)
- RFID (1)
- RIM-binding protein (1)
- RIM1α (1)
- RLQ analysis (1)
- RNA extraction (1)
- RNA in situ hybridization (1)
- RNA metabolism (1)
- RNA sequence (1)
- RNA splicing (1)
- RNA transport (1)
- RNA-SEQ (1)
- RNA-Seq analysis (1)
- RNA-binding protein (1)
- RNA-binding proteins (1)
- RNA-seq transcriptome (1)
- RNAPOL1 (1)
- RNAi (1)
- RRID: AB_2314041 (1)
- RRID: AB_2314242 (1)
- RRID: AB_2315311 (1)
- RRID: AB_2315425 (1)
- RRID: AB_2315460 (1)
- RRID: AB_2337244 (1)
- RRID: AB_300798 (1)
- RRID: AB_760350 (1)
- RSK (1)
- RT -PCR (1)
- RTK (1)
- Rab (1)
- Radiation biology (1)
- Radiation sensitivity (1)
- Radiochemotherapy (1)
- Raf kinases (1)
- Rain-forest (1)
- Random-Walk (1)
- Rat spinal-cord (1)
- Real-time (1)
- Receptor (1)
- Receptor kinase (1)
- Receptor ytva (1)
- Recombinant (1)
- Recombinant DNA (1)
- Recombinant DNA ; Growth hormone gene ; PCR; Silver carp ; Fish (1)
- Recombinant DNA ; polymerase chain reaction ; metallothionein gene ; rainbow trout ; fish (1)
- Recombinant protein expression (1)
- Recurrent neural-networks (1)
- Regenwald (1)
- Relapse (1)
- Renal cell carcinoma (1)
- Reovirus (1)
- Repair (1)
- Reproduction (1)
- Rescorla-Wagner model (1)
- Research Article (1)
- Reveals (1)
- Rhodopsins (1)
- Ribosomal protein gene (1)
- Richness (1)
- Rumex (1)
- S-type anion channel (1)
- S1PR2 (1)
- SCC (1)
- SCD (1)
- SEMA domain (1)
- SF3 helicase (1)
- SGNH hydrolase (1)
- SLAH3 (1)
- SLC7A11 (1)
- SMAD signaling (1)
- SMART (1)
- SMART version 9 (1)
- SMLM (1)
- SOX9 (1)
- SPRED (1)
- SPRED2 (1)
- SPT5 (1)
- SPT6 (1)
- SREC-I (1)
- SSCP analysis (1)
- SSI (1)
- STORM (1)
- SUN domain protein (1)
- SUN domain proteins (1)
- SUN1 (1)
- SUPT5H (1)
- SV pool (1)
- Salmonella (1)
- Salmonella Typhimurium (1)
- Salmonella enterica (1)
- Salmonella-containing vacuole (1)
- Salt Overly Sensitive pathway (1)
- Salvia pratensis (1)
- Sanger sequencing (1)
- Savanna (1)
- Savanna–Forest mosaic (1)
- Scatter factor (1)
- Schizophrenia (1)
- Schwertkräpfling (1)
- Science history (1)
- Sea urchin development (1)
- Seahorse XF (1)
- Secondary structure (1)
- Seed dispersal (1)
- Self-renewal (1)
- Sentinel-1 (1)
- Septins (1)
- Serendipita indica (1)
- Serum autoantibodies (1)
- Sex chromosome (1)
- Sex determination (1)
- Sexual development and function (1)
- Shaggy kinase (1)
- Shotgun method (1)
- Si-rhodamine (1)
- Sigma(B)-dependent stress-response (1)
- Signal transduction (1)
- Signaling (1)
- Simkania (1)
- Simkania negevensis (1)
- Single nucleotide change (1)
- Site-directed mutagenesis (1)
- Sleep fragmentation (1)
- Small interfering RNAs (1)
- Small-holder agriculture (1)
- Smooth-muscle-cells (1)
- Social entrainment (1)
- Software product lines (1)
- Solid tumors (1)
- Solution-state NMR (1)
- Somatotropin (1)
- South Korea (1)
- Sox5 (1)
- Sozialität (1)
- Sparus aurata (1)
- Species Traits (1)
- Species delimitation (1)
- Species richness (1)
- Sperma (1)
- Spongilla lacustris (1)
- Sporosarcina (1)
- Sprouting angiogenesis (1)
- Spumaviren (1)
- Stachellose Biene (1)
- Staphylococcal infection (1)
- Staphylococcus (1)
- Stat3 (1)
- Stathmin (1)
- Stem cell (1)
- Stickler syndrome (1)
- Stimulated-emission (1)
- Stp (1)
- Strains (1)
- Stress responses (1)
- Structural Biology (1)
- Structure-function (1)
- Strukturanalyse (1)
- Subtercola vilae (1)
- Subtilisin Carlsberg (1)
- Subtilisin maturation (1)
- Sun1 (1)
- Sunitinib (1)
- Super-Resolution Microscopy (1)
- Superagonistic antibody (1)
- Suppressors EXT1 (1)
- Surgical and invasive medical procedures (1)
- Surgical oncology (1)
- Switch (1)
- Synapses (1)
- Synaptic vesicles (1)
- Synaptische Vesikel (1)
- Synaptophysin (1)
- Synthetic biology (1)
- Syrphidae (1)
- Systematic search (1)
- Süßwasserpolypen (1)
- T cell receptor (1)
- T cell receptors (1)
- T lymphocytes (1)
- T-Lymphozyt (1)
- T-RFLP analysis (1)
- T-cadherin (1)
- T-cell (1)
- T-cell epitope (1)
- T. brucei (1)
- TCR signaling cascade (1)
- TERB1 (1)
- TGF-beta (1)
- TGF-β (1)
- TGF-β superfamily (1)
- TH1579 (1)
- TH588 (1)
- TME (1)
- TNF-α (1)
- TNNI3 (1)
- TYPE-1 (1)
- Tanzania (1)
- Tapeworm (1)
- Tarp (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- TbMORN1 (1)
- Teamwork (1)
- Teichläufer (1)
- Temperatur (1)
- Temperature rhythms (1)
- Tetrahymena (1)
- Text analysis (1)
- Textanalyse (1)
- Th1 cells (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thiol-activated cytolysin (1)
- Tierpsychologie (1)
- Time (1)
- Time interval (1)
- Timeless (1)
- Timing (1)
- Tn1549 transposon (1)
- Tn916-like transposon family (1)
- Townes (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Tp63 (1)
- Trafficking (1)
- Traits-Environment Relationships (1)
- Transcription units (1)
- Transcriptional control (1)
- Transcriptome (1)
- Transcriptomic (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transgene Tiere (1)
- Transgenic mice (1)
- Translation (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Transovarial transmission (1)
- Transport (1)
- Transposable element (1)
- TreM monitoring (1)
- TreMs (1)
- Trees (1)
- Trend test (1)
- Trichomalopsis (1)
- Trigona fuscipennis (1)
- Trinidadian guppy (1)
- Triple co-culture (1)
- Triton X 100 (1)
- TrkB (1)
- Trophobiosis (1)
- Tropical agriculture (1)
- Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (1)
- Trypanosoma cruzi (1)
- Trypanosome (1)
- Trypanosomes (1)
- Tumor (1)
- Tumor angiogenesis (1)
- Tumor cell (1)
- Tumor suppressor gene (1)
- Tumorzelle (1)
- Tumour markers (1)
- Type III secretion (1)
- Tyrosine kinase inhibition (1)
- USP25 (1)
- UV–Vis (1)
- Ubiquitin (1)
- Unc-13 (1)
- Usher syndrome (1)
- Ustilago maydis (1)
- V-ATPase (1)
- V-antigen (1)
- V1–V9 (1)
- V4 (1)
- V7/V8 (1)
- VACV (1)
- VASP (1)
- VEGFA (1)
- VKORC1 (1)
- VSG (1)
- Vaccine (1)
- Variability (1)
- Varroa destructor (1)
- Vasodilatator-stimuliertes Phosphoprotein (1)
- Vegetable juice (1)
- Veracruz <Stadt> (1)
- Verhalten (1)
- Verhaltensökologie (1)
- Verteilung (1)
- Verzeichnis (1)
- Vesicles (1)
- Vicia faba (L.) (1)
- Viral infections (1)
- Virtual sequencing (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Vitamin K epoxide reductase (1)
- Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) (1)
- WDR5 (1)
- WNT (1)
- WTI (1)
- Wachstum (1)
- Wallemia ichthyophaga (1)
- Warfarin (1)
- Wasserläufer (1)
- West Africa (1)
- White-matter (1)
- Wiesensalbei (1)
- Wild bees (1)
- Williamsia sp. ARP1 (1)
- Wilms' tumor (1)
- Wonderful plants (1)
- X-Ray Chrystallography (1)
- X. couchianus (1)
- X. hellerii (1)
- Xenopus oocytes (1)
- Xiphophorus fish (1)
- Xylosandrus (1)
- Y chromosome degeneration (1)
- Y14 (1)
- YAP (1)
- Yersinia enterocolitica (1)
- Yield (1)
- Yolk protein (1)
- Zelldifferenzierung (1)
- Zelle (1)
- Zellen (1)
- ZfKD (1)
- Zika virus (1)
- Zinc finger gene (1)
- \(\alpha\)-latrotoxin (1)
- abdominal (1)
- abdominal surgery (1)
- abiotic (1)
- abiotic factors (1)
- accumulation (1)
- acetate (1)
- acetyltransferase RTT109 (1)
- achaete-scute homolog 1 (1)
- achiasmatic (1)
- acipenserid minisatellite (1)
- acipenseridae (1)
- acoustic communication (1)
- acoustic signals (1)
- acoustic stream (1)
- acromyrmex ambiguus (1)
- actin cortex (1)
- actin nucleation (1)
- activity (1)
- activity rhythms (1)
- activity-based probes (1)
- acts downstream (1)
- acute appendicitis (1)
- acute brain slices (1)
- acylcarnitine (1)
- adaptive evolution (1)
- adaptive growth (1)
- adaptive plasticity (1)
- adaptive radiation (1)
- adenylate cyclase toxin (1)
- adhesion GPCR (1)
- adipose (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- adipose tissue dysfunction (1)
- adipose tissue-derived MSCs (1)
- adjuvant (1)
- adrenal surgery (1)
- adrenal tumors (1)
- adrenalectomia (1)
- adrenocortical adenocarcinoma (1)
- adrenocortical carcinoma (1)
- adult bee (1)
- adult bees (1)
- adult drosophila (1)
- advanced (1)
- aerobiology (1)
- age polyethism (1)
- ageing (1)
- agent-based model (1)
- aging (1)
- agonist (1)
- agri-environment scheme (1)
- agricultural intensification (1)
- agricultural intensity (1)
- agricultural landscapes (1)
- agricultural soils (1)
- agrobacterium tumefaciens (1)
- agroforestry (1)
- airborne laser scanning (ALS) (1)
- airway epithelia (1)
- alagille syndrome (1)
- albinaria (1)
- alcohol tolerance (1)
- aldolase A (1)
- alkaloid detection methods (1)
- alkaloids (1)
- alkyloctahydronaphthalene (1)
- all-fish genes (1)
- allatostatin‐A (1)
- allergens (1)
- allergy (1)
- allometric scaling (1)
- allometry (1)
- alpha (1)
- alpha-helical structure (1)
- alpha-toxin (1)
- alpha-tubulin-II (1)
- alpine plants (1)
- alternating management (1)
- alternative trapping strategies (1)
- alu elements (1)
- alveolar fibrosis (1)
- alveolar regeneration (1)
- alzheimer's disease (1)
- alzheimers disease (1)
- ambrosia beetle (1)
- ambrosia beetles (1)
- ambrosia fungi (1)
- ambrosia fungus (1)
- ambystoma opacum (1)
- amino acid analogues (1)
- amino acid restriction (1)
- amino acid sequence (1)
- amino acid transporter (1)
- amino acids (1)
- aminoacyl-transfer-RNA (1)
- amphibian metamorphosis (1)
- amphibian oocytes (1)
- amphids (1)
- amphimixis (1)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1)
- amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis (1)
- analysis of variance (1)
- anaplasia (1)
- anastomotic leakage (1)
- androgen-induced masculinization (1)
- angiogenic cytokines (1)
- animal communication (1)
- animal migration (1)
- animal sexual behavior (1)
- animals (1)
- anion channel (1)
- ant communities (1)
- ant-butterfly interaction (1)
- ant-mimicking spiders (1)
- ant-plant interactions (1)
- antagonist (1)
- antagonists (1)
- antenna (1)
- antennal lobes (1)
- anterior optic tubercle (1)
- anthropogenic activities (1)
- anthropogenic disturbance (1)
- anthropogenic drivers (1)
- anthropogenic food subsidies (1)
- anthropogenic noise (1)
- anti-cancer drug-like molecules (1)
- anti-contactin-1 (1)
- anti-microbial activit (1)
- anti-thrombotic therapies (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antibody (1)
- anticancer activity (1)
- antigen processing and recognition (1)
- antigenetic variation (1)
- antimicrobial peptides (1)
- antimycotics (1)
- antioxidants (1)
- antiproliferative (1)
- antitumor immune response (1)
- antiviral immunity (1)
- aortic-valve (1)
- aphids (1)
- apixaban (1)
- apomixis (1)
- aposematism (1)
- appeasement substance (1)
- appendectomy (1)
- appendicitis (1)
- appendix (1)
- approved drugs (1)
- arabidopsi (1)
- arabidopsis (1)
- arabidpsis thaliana (1)
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (1)
- area‐concentrated search (1)
- arginine (1)
- arginine metabolism (1)
- army ants (1)
- armyworm Lepidoptera (1)
- arthropod predators (1)
- artificial diet (1)
- artificial rearing (1)
- asexual reproduction (1)
- asexuality (1)
- ash dieback (1)
- aspergillus fumigatus (1)
- assay systems (1)
- assemblages (1)
- assembly (1)
- assembly mechanisms (1)
- associative learning (1)
- assortative mating (1)
- astrocytes (1)
- asymmetric dispersal costs (1)
- atopic diseases (1)
- attraction (1)
- auditory masking (1)
- autoantibody (1)
- autofluorescence (1)
- automated solid-phase Edman degradation (1)
- automixis (1)
- autophagosomes (1)
- autosomal recessive hearing loss (1)
- autosomal recessive non-synstromic hearing loss (1)
- autotoxicity (1)
- axial skeletal defects (1)
- azido-ceramides (1)
- b/c1 complex (1)
- bPAC (1)
- bacillus thuringiensis (1)
- background odor (1)
- bacterial genomics (1)
- bacterial infection (1)
- bacterial invasion (1)
- bacterial meningitis (1)
- bacterial migration (1)
- bacterial persistence (1)
- bacterial spread (1)
- bacterial transcription (1)
- bacterial transmission (1)
- bacterial virulence (1)
- bacteriology (1)
- bacteriophage lambda (1)
- bacteriorhodopsin (1)
- bacterium Legionella pneumophila (1)
- bagworms Lepidoptera (1)
- baited traps (1)
- bakanae (1)
- balance (1)
- balance hypothesis (1)
- barcoding (1)
- bark and ambrosia beetles (1)
- bark beetle (1)
- bark beetle disturbance (1)
- bark-peeling (1)
- basal ganglia (1)
- bax (1)
- bed bug (1)
- bee abundance (1)
- bee body size (1)
- bee communities (1)
- bee community (1)
- bee disease (1)
- bee larva (1)
- bee pollination (1)
- bee pollinator (1)
- bee pollinators (1)
- bee richness (1)
- bee species richness (1)
- beech forest (1)
- beetle (1)
- beetle communities (1)
- beetle horns (1)
- behavioral experiments (1)
- behavioral transition (1)
- behaviour (1)
- behavioural flexibility (1)
- behavioural plasticity (1)
- benzoquinone (1)
- bet-hedging (1)
- beta diversity (1)
- beta-TRCP (1)
- beta-catenin (1)
- beta-diveristy (1)
- beta-diversity (1)
- beta-lactamase inhibition (1)
- beta-oxidation (1)
- bevacizumab (1)
- big brown bats (1)
- bilayers (1)
- binary decision diagram (1)
- binding pocket (1)
- bioassay-guided fractionation (1)
- bioassays (1)
- biocatalysis (1)
- biodiversity assessment (1)
- biodiversity estimation (1)
- biodiversity exploratories (1)
- biodiversity index (1)
- biodiversity measure (1)
- biodiversity threats (1)
- biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (1)
- biodiversity-friendly forest management (1)
- biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship (1)
- bioenergetics (1)
- biofilm formation (1)
- biofluid (1)
- biofuel (1)
- biofuels (1)
- biogeography (1)
- bioinformatics and computational biology (1)
- bioinformatics tool (1)
- biological activities (1)
- biological control (1)
- biological fluorescence (1)
- biological macromolecules (1)
- biological pest control (1)
- biological scaffold (1)
- biological sciences (1)
- biomanufacturing (1)
- biomarker signature (1)
- biomarkers (1)
- biomaterial surfaces (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- biomimetic 3D tissue model (1)
- biomimetic tissue models (1)
- biominarlization proteins (1)
- bioreactor culture (1)
- biosecurity (1)
- biosonar (1)
- biospecies (1)
- biosynthetic glycosylation (1)
- biotic interaction (1)
- bipartite metabolism (1)
- bipolar disorder (1)
- bird communities (1)
- bird diversity (1)
- bird species richness (1)
- birth rates (1)
- bisulfite pyrosequencing (1)
- bitter taste (1)
- black woodpecker (1)
- black yeast (1)
- bladder (1)
- blocking antibodies (1)
- blood brain barrier (1)
- blood stream (1)
- blood-stream forms (1)
- blowfly calliphora-vomitoria (1)
- bodies (1)
- body condition (1)
- body size distributions; (1)
- body weight (1)
- body-size (1)
- bohemian forest ecosystem (1)
- bombus terrestris (1)
- bone (1)
- boolean in silico models (1)
- boolean modeling (1)
- bottom‐up and top‐down control (1)
- brachtydacyly type A2 (1)
- brain disorders (1)
- brain endothelial cells (1)
- brain metastases (1)
- brain signal complexity (1)
- brain-injury (1)
- breast-cancer (1)
- breast-cancer cells (1)
- breeding season (1)
- brefeldin-a (1)
- broadleaf tree species (1)
- broodtranslocation (1)
- brucei (1)
- brucei genome (1)
- bryophytes (1)
- bug riptortus-pedestris (1)
- building behavior (1)
- building behaviour (1)
- bumblebee nest density (1)
- buparlisib (1)
- burned savanna (1)
- burnt-wood (1)
- bursicon (1)
- bush ecotone (1)
- butterfly euphydryas-aurinia (1)
- bypass (1)
- c-Fos (1)
- c-Myc (1)
- c-kit (1)
- c-myc (1)
- c-src (1)
- cAMP (1)
- cAMP / cGMP / cytoskeleton / phosphorylation / protein kinase (1)
- cDNA (1)
- cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata (1)
- caco-2 cells (1)
- cadherin-13 (CDH13) (1)
- calcium signaling (1)
- calcium signaling pathway (1)
- calcofluor white staining (1)
- call (1)
- calyx (1)
- cameleon (1)
- camponotus aethiops (1)
- camponotus ants (1)
- camponotus floridanus (1)
- camponotus schmitzi (1)
- camptothecin (1)
- cancer biology (1)
- cancer cell (1)
- cancer diagnosis (1)
- cancer dissemination (1)
- cancer imaging (1)
- cancer immunotherapy (1)
- cancer models (1)
- cancer predisposition syndromes (1)
- cancer-cells (1)
- cancers (1)
- candida genome database (1)
- canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAdMSCs) (1)
- canine cancer cell lines (1)
- canine soft tissue sarcoma (CSTS) (1)
- canopy fogging (1)
- canopy herbivory (1)
- canopy spiders (1)
- capsid protein (1)
- capture (1)
- carbenes (1)
- carbohydrates (1)
- carbon dioxide (CO2) (1)
- carbon dioxide avoidance (1)
- carbonaria (1)
- carboxylation (1)
- cardiac aging (1)
- cardiac fibrosis (1)
- cardioactive factor (1)
- cardiolipin (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) (1)
- carriage (1)
- carrion ecology (1)
- carrying capacity (1)
- cartilage induction (1)
- cascade (1)
- cash crops (1)
- caspase-3 (1)
- caspases (1)
- catabolism (1)
- cathepsin (1)
- catheterization (1)
- catheters (1)
- cations (1)
- ceiba pentandra (1)
- cell compartmentation (1)
- cell cultures (1)
- cell cycle arrest (1)
- cell differentation (1)
- cell division (1)
- cell fate (1)
- cell fusion (1)
- cell membrane model (1)
- cell migration (1)
- cell motility (1)
- cell size (1)
- cell surface proteome (1)
- cell velocimetry (1)
- cell wall (1)
- cell wall synthesis (1)
- cell-autonomous defense (1)
- cell-cycle arrest (1)
- cell-cycle arrest cancer therapy (1)
- cell-cycle regulation (1)
- cellline transfection (1)
- cellular camp (1)
- cellular function (1)
- cellular imaging (1)
- cellular proteins (1)
- cellular reprogramming (1)
- cellular senescence (1)
- cellular stress (1)
- cellular waveform (1)
- centomeres (1)
- central clocks (1)
- central nervous system (1)
- central-nervous-system (1)
- centrality (1)
- centromere (1)
- cephalotes (1)
- ceramidase (1)
- ceramide analogs (1)
- cereals (1)
- cerebEND cells (1)
- cerebral ischemia (1)
- cerebral metastases (1)
- chain (1)
- chain reaction (1)
- chalcidoid wasps (1)
- chalinolobus-tuberculatus (1)
- channelrhodopsin (1)
- channelrhodopsin-2 (1)
- checkered beetles (1)
- chemical diversity (1)
- chemical glycosylation (1)
- chemical similarity (1)
- chemische Familienabzeichen (1)
- chemokine receptor (1)
- chemoresistance (1)
- chemosensory protein (1)
- chemosensory system (1)
- chemotherapy resistance (1)
- chemotypes (1)
- chi square tests (1)
- chimera formation (1)
- chimeric RTKs (1)
- chimpanzee (1)
- chlamydia serine proteases (1)
- chlamydial inclusion (1)
- chlorantraniliprole (1)
- chlorophyta (1)
- cholera (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- chondrosarcoma (1)
- chordotonal organ (1)
- chordotonal organs (1)
- chromatin assembly factors (1)
- chromosome movement (1)
- chromosome pairing (1)
- chromosomes (1)
- chrysididae (1)
- ciliostasis (1)
- circRNA (1)
- circadian mechanisms (1)
- circadian oscillators (1)
- circadian photoreception (1)
- circular DNA (1)
- circular transcriptome sequencing (1)
- circular-dichroism (1)
- citrus (1)
- classical conditioning (1)
- classification (1)
- clathrin (1)
- clausiliidae (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- click-chemistry (1)
- climate changes (1)
- climate factors (1)
- climate-change (1)
- climate‐smart pest management (1)
- climatic factors (1)
- climatic gradients (1)
- clinical genetics (1)
- clinical malformations (1)
- clock (1)
- clock network (1)
- clock reproduction ecology (1)
- clonal fungiculture (1)
- clumping factor-B (1)
- cluster (1)
- cluster analysis (1)
- co-immunoprecipitation (1)
- cocoa (1)
- coexistence (1)
- coffee (1)
- cognitive ability (1)
- cognitive functions (1)
- cohesin SMC1-Beta (1)
- coincidence (1)
- cold adaptation (1)
- cold stress (1)
- coleoptera (1)
- collagen (1)
- collections (1)
- collective building (1)
- collective pattern (1)
- collybistin (1)
- colon (1)
- colon cancer (1)
- colon resection (1)
- colonies (1)
- colony (1)
- colony survival (1)
- colony-stimulating factor (1)
- color (1)
- color discrimination (1)
- color lightness (1)
- color vision (1)
- coloration (1)
- colorectal carcinoma (1)
- colour patterns (1)
- comb (1)
- combinatorial drug predictions (1)
- combined retinal dystrophy (1)
- commercial grades (1)
- common garden experiment (1)
- communication (1)
- community data (1)
- community functional-responses (1)
- community structure (1)
- community structures (1)
- community‐weighted mean (1)
- compaction (1)
- comparative sequence analysis (1)
- compartment boundary (1)
- compatible solutes and other metabolites (1)
- complement deposition (1)
- complex behavior (1)
- complex networks (1)
- complex traits (1)
- complex-III (1)
- complexes (1)
- complexome (1)
- complications (1)
- components (1)
- comportement des travailleurs (1)
- compound conditioning (1)
- compressed sensing (1)
- computational (1)
- computational biology and bioinformatics (1)
- computational modelling (1)
- computational prediction (1)
- computational systems biology (1)
- computer modelling (1)
- computer-assisted (1)
- concerted evolution (1)
- conditional sex allocation (1)
- conditioned response (1)
- conduction de protons (1)
- confidence interval (1)
- confidence intervals (1)
- confocal laser microscopy (1)
- confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- confocal-microscopy based automated quantification (1)
- conformational restriction (1)
- conifers (1)
- conjugate (1)
- conjugative transposition (1)
- connectance (1)
- connector (1)
- consanguinity (1)
- constraints (1)
- contact inhibition (1)
- containing neurons (1)
- contralateral breast cancer (1)
- contributes (1)
- control group (1)
- control profiles (1)
- controllability (1)
- conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (1)
- conversion (1)
- cool-season grass species (1)
- cooperative breeding (1)
- coprophagous beetles (1)
- copy number (1)
- copy number variation (1)
- copy number variation (CNV) (1)
- copy numbers (1)
- copy-number alteration (1)
- coral reef ecosystem (1)
- coral reef resilience (1)
- corazonin (1)
- corn pollen (1)
- correlative light and electron microscopy (1)
- cortico-striatal synapse (1)
- corticosteroids (1)
- corticotropin-releasing hormone (1)
- cost-effectiveness (1)
- cotton rats (1)
- counting (1)
- courtship displays (1)
- crematogaster (1)
- cristae (1)
- crop (1)
- crop diversity (1)
- crop management (1)
- crop modeling (1)
- crop models (1)
- crop pollination (1)
- crop rotation (1)
- crop yield (1)
- crops (1)
- cross pollination (1)
- cross-link repair (1)
- crossing-over (1)
- crotonase (1)
- cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- cryptic (1)
- cryptochrome/photolyase family (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- crystal-structure (1)
- crystallography (1)
- cultivation (1)
- cultures (1)
- cuticular chemistry (1)
- cuticular hydrocarbon (1)
- cuticular profiles (1)
- cyanine dyes (1)
- cycle (1)
- cycle regulation (1)
- cyclic nucleotide signaling (1)
- cylic GMP (1)
- cysteine restriction (1)
- cysteine synthase inhibitor (1)
- cytokine (1)
- cytokine profiling (1)
- cytokine release (1)
- cytokinin (1)
- cytokinin kinetin (1)
- cytoplasmic incompatibility (1)
- cytosine base editor (CBE) toolbox (1)
- cytosol (1)
- cytosolic acidification (1)
- cytosolic pH (1)
- cytostatic (1)
- c‐Myc (1)
- dCIRL (1)
- dMyc (1)
- dSPN (1)
- damped circadian clock (1)
- damped-oscillator-model of photoperiodic clock (1)
- dart-poison frog (1)
- data mining/methods (1)
- data pool (1)
- data sharing (1)
- data storage (1)
- data-bank (1)
- date palm (1)
- dauer (1)
- day length (1)
- ddPCR (1)
- dead tree (1)
- dead-wood enrichment (1)
- deadwood experiments (1)
- death pathway sar locus (1)
- death rates (1)
- decentralized control (1)
- decline (1)
- declines (1)
- decomposition (1)
- deep learning (1)
- deep learning–artificial neural network (DL-ANN) (1)
- defense and evasion strategies (1)
- defense signaling (1)
- defenses (1)
- definition (1)
- defoliation severity (1)
- deformed wing virus (1)
- degradation (1)
- dehydrogenase (1)
- delayed development (1)
- delayed radiation effects (1)
- delayed snowmelt (1)
- demographic stochasticity (1)
- dendritic cell (1)
- dendritic specializations (1)
- dendrobates pumilio (1)
- denritic cells (1)
- density (1)
- density-dependent dispersal (1)
- dentichasmias busseolae (1)
- dependent magnetosensitvity (1)
- depreissia decipiens (1)
- deprivation (1)
- desert ants (1)
- desiccation (1)
- desiccation resistance (1)
- design (1)
- determinant (1)
- determination locus (1)
- determining genes (1)
- detoxification (1)
- detoxified lipooligosaccharide (1)
- deubiquitinase (1)
- deubiquitinases (1)
- deuterostomes (1)
- developmental forms (1)
- developmental plasticity (1)
- developmental reprogramming (1)
- diacylglycerol (DAG) (1)
- diagnostic accuracy (1)
- dichthadiigynes (1)
- diet breadth (1)
- differential olfactory conditioning (1)
- differentially expressed genes (1)
- diffraction limit (1)
- digestive system (1)
- digit (1)
- dimeric peptide (1)
- dimerization (1)
- dimorphic expression (1)
- direct drivers (1)
- direct muss spectrometric profiling (1)
- direct oral anticoagulants (1)
- direct pathway (1)
- direct stochasticoptical reconstruction microscopy (1)
- direct thrombin inhibitor (1)
- directionality (1)
- discharge definition (1)
- discovery (1)
- discrimination (1)
- disease model (1)
- diseases (1)
- dispersal distance (1)
- disruption project (1)
- distance (1)
- distance gradient (1)
- distance-decay function (1)
- distance-dependent decay (1)
- distance‐based specialization index (1)
- disturbance extent (1)
- disturbance gradient (1)
- disturbance severity (1)
- disturbed humid area (1)
- divergent expression regulation (1)
- diversity–disturbance relationship (1)
- dmP53 (1)
- docking (1)
- dog (1)
- dog microbiome (1)
- domain-specific language (1)
- dominant optic atrophy (1)
- dominant-negative mutatio (1)
- dorsal clock neurons (1)
- dorsal raphe (1)
- dosage (1)
- doxorubicin (1)
- draft genome (1)
- drosophila (1)
- drosophila embryo (1)
- drosophila larvae (1)
- drosophila mushroom body (1)
- drought stress (1)
- drug (1)
- drug design/partial agonists (1)
- drug discovery (1)
- drug release (1)
- drug resistance (1)
- drug selection (1)
- drug-minded protein (1)
- dry weight (1)
- dry-mounted samples (1)
- dunce (1)
- dung beetle (1)
- dung beetle coleoptera (1)
- dust microbiomes (1)
- dwelling bat (1)
- dye stains-all (1)
- dynamic protein-protein interactions (1)
- eEF1A1 (1)
- early diagnosis (1)
- early secretory pathway (1)
- ecdysis (1)
- echinocytes (1)
- eclosion (1)
- eco-evolutionary dynamics (1)
- ecological genetics (1)
- ecological network (1)
- ecological niche (1)
- ecological stoichiometry (1)
- economy services (1)
- ecosystem functioning (1)
- ecosystem services; (1)
- ecosystemservices (1)
- ectotherms (1)
- efficient intervention points (1)
- egg parasitism (1)
- electrolytes (1)
- electron cryo microscopy (1)
- electron cryo-microscopy (1)
- electroporation (1)
- electrostatic potential (1)
- element translocation (1)
- elementary body (1)
- elementary mode analysis (1)
- elementary modes (1)
- elevational diversity (1)
- elevational diversity patterns (1)
- elevational gradient (1)
- elevational gradients (1)
- elongation (1)
- elongation rate (1)
- embryonic stem-cells (1)
- embryos (1)
- emergence (1)
- emigration (1)
- encapsulation (1)
- encephalitis dementia (1)
- endemism (1)
- endocytic multivesicular bodies (1)
- endophytic fungi (1)
- endoplasmic reticulum (1)
- endoplasmic-reticulum (1)
- endoreplication (1)
- endosponge (1)
- endosymbiotic bacteria (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- enemy free space (1)
- enercy-richness hypothesis (1)
- energy homeostasis (1)
- energy restriction (1)
- enhance (1)
- enhancer (1)
- enteric glial cells (1)
- enteric nervous system (1)
- enteric pathogens (1)
- enterica serovar Typhimurium (1)
- envelope (1)
- environment (1)
- environmental association (1)
- environmental association analysis (1)
- environmental correlation (1)
- environmental filtering (1)
- environmental impact (1)
- environmental justice (1)
- environmental monitoring (1)
- environmental sciences (1)
- environmental variability (1)
- environments (1)
- enzyme (1)
- enzyme regulation (1)
- enzyme-linked immunoassays (1)
- enzymes (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epidermal growth factor receptor (1)
- epidural block (1)
- epigenetic modification (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- epiphytic fern (1)
- epitope mapping (1)
- epitope prediction (1)
- eptesicus-fuscus (1)
- error (1)
- error-transfer (1)
- erythroyte invation (1)
- escherichia coli infections (1)
- estrogens (1)
- eucalyptus (1)
- eucera berlandi (1)
- euglena (1)
- euglenids (1)
- eukaryota (1)
- european beech forests (1)
- european countries (1)
- eusociality (1)
- evolution of myrmecophytism (1)
- evolution; (1)
- evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) (1)
- evolutionary (1)
- evolutionary arms race (1)
- evolutionary biology (1)
- evolutionary ecology (1)
- evolutionary modelling (1)
- evolutionary mutant model (1)
- evolutionary response (1)
- ex vivo (1)
- exaptation (1)
- excitation-secretion coupling (1)
- excretory-secretory (1)
- exit (1)
- exocrine glands (1)
- exocytosis (1)
- exome (1)
- exotic plants (1)
- exotic species (1)
- experimental evolution (1)
- explainability of machine learning (1)
- export (1)
- expressed sequence tag (1)
- expression analysis (1)
- expression plasmid (1)
- expression signature (1)
- expression site attenuation (1)
- extinction (1)
- extinction dynamics (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extracellular vesicle (1)
- extrafloral nectaries (1)
- eyes (1)
- factor 1-alpha (1)
- factor B (1)
- factor EEF1A2 (1)
- factor XA inhibitor (1)
- factor acetylhydrolase activity (1)
- facultatively intracellular pathogens (1)
- family (1)
- feature analysis (1)
- feature selection (1)
- feeding behavior (1)
- feeding experiment (1)
- feeding guilds (1)
- female choice (1)
- female reproductive tract (1)
- female-specific (1)
- feral honey bees (1)
- fetal brain development (1)
- fetal cord blood (1)
- fetal programming (1)
- fibroblasts (1)
- field boundaries (1)
- filamentous Salmonella Typhimurium (1)
- finger protein 11 (1)
- fire (1)
- fishes Xiphophorus (1)
- fission (1)
- flagella (1)
- flagellar (1)
- flagellar motility (1)
- flagellar pocket collar (1)
- flagellate (1)
- flagellum (1)
- flg22 (1)
- flies (1)
- flight behaviour (1)
- flight characteristics (1)
- flight control (1)
- flippase (1)
- flooding disturbance (1)
- floral display (1)
- floral larceny (1)
- floral resource distribution (1)
- floral resources (1)
- flow (1)
- flower morphology (1)
- flower visitors (1)
- flower-visiting insects (1)
- flowering (1)
- flowering grassland plants (1)
- flowering plants (1)
- fluid collectives (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (1)
- fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (1)
- fluorescent dyes (1)
- fluorescent protein (1)
- fluorescent recombinant vaccinia virus (1)
- fluorophore (1)
- fluoxetine (1)
- flux balance analysis (1)
- flux measurements (1)
- fly pollination (1)
- foliar fungal community (1)
- folliculin (1)
- food bodies (1)
- food consumption (1)
- food resources (1)
- food safety (1)
- food web (1)
- forage resources (1)
- forager (1)
- foragers (1)
- foraging activities (1)
- foraging behavior (1)
- foraging behaviour (1)
- foraging patterns (1)
- forecasting (1)
- forest biodiversity (1)
- forest communities (1)
- forest conservation (1)
- forest conversion (1)
- forest degradation (1)
- forest disturbance (1)
- forest dynamics (1)
- forest ecology (1)
- forest ecosystem science (1)
- forest edges (1)
- forest fire (1)
- forest fragmentation (1)
- forest hedges (1)
- forest pests (1)
- forest physiognomy (1)
- forest proximity (1)
- forest soils (1)
- forest specialists (1)
- forests (1)
- format (1)
- formica cunicularia (1)
- formin (1)
- fostamatinib (1)
- fragmented landscapes (1)
- frameshift (1)
- framework (1)
- free energy (1)
- friut fly behaviour (1)
- frontal cortex (1)
- fruit fly (1)
- fruit-quality (1)
- fuel wood (1)
- functional complementarity (1)
- functional diversity analysis; (1)
- functional modules (1)
- functional network analysis (1)
- functional redundancy (1)
- fungal biology (1)
- fungal diseases (1)
- fungal ecology (1)
- fungal evolution (1)
- fungal infection (1)
- fungal infection model (1)
- fungal physiology (1)
- fungicide (1)
- fungus community (1)
- fungus-farming (1)
- fungus-farming insects (1)
- fungus-plant interaction (1)
- fused in sarcoma (1)
- gain (1)
- gambiense (1)
- gametocyte (1)
- gamma (1)
- gamma H2AX-foci (1)
- gangliosides and lipid rafts (1)
- gap junction (1)
- gating (1)
- gefitinib (1)
- gel electrophoresis (1)
- gene activity (1)
- gene duplications (1)
- gene editing (1)
- gene encoding noggin (1)
- gene essentiality database (1)
- gene expression analysis (1)
- gene flow (1)
- gene ontology (1)
- gene prediction (1)
- gene regulator agr (1)
- gene regulatory network evolution (1)
- gene transfer (1)
- gene-expression (1)
- generation (1)
- genes (1)
- genes and chromosomes (1)
- genetic code expansion (1)
- genetic diagnosis (1)
- genetic dissection (1)
- genetic engineering (1)
- genetic loci (1)
- genetic markers (1)
- genetic oscillators (1)
- genetic regulatory network (1)
- genetic screen (1)
- genetically modified crops (1)
- genetically modified plants (1)
- genome analysis (1)
- genome architecture (1)
- genome assembly (1)
- genome browser (1)
- genome cells (1)
- genome collection (1)
- genome evolution (1)
- genome integrity (1)
- genome sequencing (1)
- genome-wide linkage analysis (1)
- genome-wide screen (1)
- genomic databases (1)
- genomic integrity (1)
- genomic libraries (1)
- genomic organization (1)
- genomic sequence (1)
- genomic traits (1)
- genomics research (1)
- genotype (1)
- genus Aspergillus (1)
- genus Xiphophorus (1)
- geographic biases (1)
- geographical variation (1)
- geometric mean (1)
- gephyrin (1)
- geriatric (1)
- germinal center (1)
- germination speed (1)
- gestational diabetes mellitus (1)
- glial cells (1)
- glioblastoma (1)
- global (1)
- global DNA methylation (1)
- global biomes (1)
- global dataset (1)
- global dispersal (1)
- globotriaosylceramide (1)
- glomeruli (1)
- glomerulus (1)
- glucose restriction (1)
- glucose transporter (1)
- glycerol (1)
- glycoengineering (1)
- glycolytic flux control (1)
- glycophyte Arabidopsis (1)
- glycoprotein Ib (1)
- glycoprotein incorporation (1)
- glycosphingolipids (1)
- gonadal development (1)
- gonococcal invasion (1)
- gonopodium (1)
- gradient (1)
- gradients (1)
- grass endophytes (1)
- grasshopper (1)
- grassland (1)
- grassland ecology (1)
- graviception (1)
- gray tree frogs (1)
- green algae (1)
- green light perception (1)
- greenhouse gases (1)
- grey dunes (1)
- ground dwelling predators (1)
- ground nesters (1)
- ground-dwelling predators (1)
- ground‐dwelling predators (1)
- growing escherichia coli (1)
- growth and differentiation factor 5 (1)
- growth dimorphism (1)
- growth factor beta (1)
- growth hormone gene (1)
- guanylyl cyclase-A (1)
- guard cells (1)
- guides (1)
- guild constancy (1)
- gustatory receptors (Grs) (1)
- gut bacteria (1)
- gut barrier (1)
- gut microbiota (1)
- gut microflora (1)
- gynogeaesls (1)
- gypsy moth (1)
- habitat availability (1)
- habitat destruction (1)
- habitat filter (1)
- habitat fragmentation (1)
- habitat information (1)
- habitat patch (1)
- habitat quality (1)
- habitat requirements (1)
- habitat restoration (1)
- habitat suitability model (HSM) (1)
- habitat types (1)
- haematopoietic stem cells (1)
- haemolymph (1)
- haircoat (1)
- half-lives (1)
- halophilic fungus (1)
- halophyte (1)
- halophyte Thellungiella/Eutrema (1)
- hand pollination (1)
- hangover (1)
- harvesting (1)
- hawkmoth (1)
- head and neck cancer (1)
- head involution (1)
- health effects (1)
- hearing (1)
- hearing impairment (1)
- hearing loss (1)
- heat shock response (1)
- heat transfer (1)
- hedge index (1)
- hedgerow (1)
- helicase (1)
- helitron (1)
- hematopoietic receptors (1)
- hemibrain (1)
- hemiptera (1)
- hemoglobin jet (1)
- hemolymph lipids (1)
- hemolysin (1)
- hemophilus influenzae (1)
- hepatic fibrosis (1)
- hepatitis B core protein (1)
- hepatitis B virus (1)
- hepatocyte-growth-factor (1)
- hepatotoxicity (1)
- herbivorous beetles (1)
- herbivorous diet (1)
- herbivorous insects (1)
- herbivory (1)
- heterochromatin (1)
- heterococcus (1)
- heterogamety (1)
- heterogeneous background (1)
- heterogenity (1)
- heterosis (1)
- high resolution visualisation (1)
- high throughput sequencing (1)
- high-confidence proteome (1)
- high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) (1)
- high-pressure freezing (1)
- high-resolution imaging (1)
- high-risk Prostate Cancer (1)
- high-risk prostate cancer (1)
- high-throughput screening (1)
- higher pitch (1)
- hill numbers (1)
- hindbrain boundary (1)
- hippocampal (1)
- hippocampal mossy fiber bouton (1)
- hippocampal neurons (1)
- histidine kinase (1)
- histone H2AX (1)
- histone variants (1)
- histone γH2AX (1)
- hive (1)
- hollow tree (1)
- homocysteine (1)
- homodimers (1)
- homology modeling (1)
- honey (1)
- honey bees and native bees (1)
- honeybee taste perception (1)
- hook complex (1)
- hormone transport (1)
- horses (1)
- host cell death (1)
- host cell interface (1)
- host discrimination (1)
- host pathogen interactions (1)
- host plant density (1)
- host recognition (1)
- host screening (1)
- host selection (1)
- host specificity (1)
- host-cells (1)
- host-pathogen adaption (1)
- hostparasitoid interactions (1)
- host–parasitoid interaction (1)
- hour-glass (1)
- hourglass clock (1)
- human african trypanosomiasis (1)
- human airway mucosa tissue models (1)
- human breast (1)
- human cancer cell lines (1)
- human cells (1)
- human ectoparasite (1)
- human genomics (1)
- human growth factor (1)
- human immune system (1)
- human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) (1)
- human jagged1 (1)
- human melanoma (1)
- human microbiome (1)
- human mineralocorticoid receptor (1)
- human nasal epithelial cells (1)
- human pathogenic fungi (1)
- human tracheo-bronchial epithelial cells (1)
- human xenografted mouse models (1)
- humans (1)
- hybrid origin (1)
- hybrid-selected translation (1)
- hybridization (1)
- hybridogenesis (1)
- hybrids (1)
- hydrodynamics (1)
- hyper-IL-6 (1)
- hyphae (1)
- hypotonic solutions (1)
- hypoxia-independent (1)
- hypoxia-inducible factor 3A (1)
- hypthesis (1)
- iNOS (1)
- idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (1)
- illumina MiSeq platform (1)
- illumination microscopy (1)
- image analysis (1)
- image correlation spectroscopy (1)
- image data (1)
- image processing (1)
- imaginal disk (1)
- imaging and sensing (1)
- immigration (1)
- immune cells (1)
- immune epitope mapping (1)
- immune evasion (1)
- immune genes (1)
- immune organs (1)
- immune receptors (1)
- immune serum (1)
- immune-informatics (1)
- immunity (1)
- immuno-magnetic purification (1)
- immunocytochemistry (1)
- immunofluorescence (1)
- immunofluorescence microscopy (1)
- immunohistochemistry (1)
- immunohistochemistry techniques (1)
- immunological cross-talk (1)
- immunotherapies (1)
- impact (1)
- import (1)
- in silico analysis (1)
- in silico simulation (1)
- in situ hybridization (1)
- in vitro and in vivo expression (1)
- in vitro expression (1)
- in vitro kinase assay (1)
- in vivo toxicity (1)
- in-vivo expression (1)
- inclusion of nature in one’s self (1)
- indicator species (1)
- individual based model (1)
- individual based model (IBM) (1)
- individual based simulation (1)
- individual drug responses (1)
- individual-based simulation (1)
- individual-based simulations (1)
- individual‐based model (1)
- individuelles Kennen (1)
- indole-3-acetic acid (1)
- indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1)
- indoor dust (1)
- indoxacarb (1)
- inducible factor-I (1)
- infected bee (1)
- infected-cell protein (1)
- infection biology (1)
- infection rates (1)
- infection spread (1)
- infections (1)
- infectious-disease diagnostics (1)
- inflammation mediators (1)
- infrared radiation (1)
- ingle-molecule microscopy (1)
- inhibition of H+ translocation (1)
- inhibitor (1)
- inhibitors (1)
- innate immune system (1)
- innexins (1)
- insect abundance (1)
- insect agriculture (1)
- insect collection (1)
- insect communities (1)
- insect conservation (1)
- insect disturbance (1)
- insect flight (1)
- insect fungal interactions (1)
- insect nutrition (1)
- insect pests (1)
- insect populations (1)
- insect standard brain atlas (1)
- insect timing (1)
- insect tracking (1)
- insect-fungus mutualism (1)
- insect-fungus symbiosis (1)
- insecticidal knockdown (1)
- insecticides (1)
- insights (1)
- insilico drug screening too (1)
- instensively managed farmland (1)
- instinct (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- insulin treatment (1)
- integrase (1)
- integrated stress response (1)
- integrative genomics viewer (1)
- integrative management strategy (1)
- integrative taxonomy (1)
- intelligence (1)
- intensification (1)
- interaction (1)
- interaction map (1)
- intercellular junctions (1)
- interferon γ (1)
- interleukin 2 (1)
- interleukin 4 (1)
- interleukins (1)
- intermediate disturbance hypothesis (1)
- intermediate host (1)
- intermuscular bone (1)
- internal transcribed spacer 2 (1)
- interolog (1)
- interpolation (1)
- interspecies comparison (1)
- interspecific aggression (1)
- interspecific comparison (1)
- inter‐tegular distance (1)
- intestinal control (1)
- intestinal enteroids (1)
- intestinal epithelial barrier (1)
- intra-annual time-series (1)
- intracellular bacteria (1)
- intracellular pH (1)
- intrinsic metabolism (1)
- introgression (1)
- introgressive hybridization (1)
- invasion protein-INLB (1)
- invasive species (1)
- invasiveness (1)
- inventory (1)
- invertebrate herbivory (1)
- ion channel (1)
- ion channels in the nervous system (1)
- ion signaling (1)
- ion transport (1)
- ionizing radiation (1)
- irradiation (1)
- island biogeography (1)
- isoform (1)
- isolation (1)
- isosteviol sodium (1)
- isothiocyanates (1)
- isotopolog profiling (1)
- isthmic oragnizer (1)
- iterative shape averaging (1)
- jewel beetles (1)
- jumping spiders (1)
- junction proteins (1)
- kappa-B (1)
- katydids orthoptera (1)
- ketogenic diet (1)
- ketone bodies (1)
- key innovation (1)
- kidney cancer (1)
- kidneys (1)
- kin competition (1)
- kin-selection (1)
- kinase inhibitors (1)
- kinase signaling (1)
- kinesin (1)
- kinetics (1)
- kinetin (1)
- kisspeptin/galanin/spexin signalling (1)
- knockout (1)
- laboratory techniques and procedures (1)
- lactate dehydrogenase (1)
- lactic acid bacteria (1)
- lactobacillus (1)
- lamin (1)
- laminopathies (1)
- lamins (1)
- lampbrush chromosomes (1)
- land sharing (1)
- land-use (1)
- land-use intensification (1)
- landmark (1)
- landmark panorama (1)
- landsat (1)
- landscape (1)
- landscape complexity (1)
- landscape compositionv (1)
- landscape diversity (1)
- landscape ecology (1)
- landscape structure (1)
- lantana canescens (1)
- laparoscopic appendectomy (1)
- laparoscopic right colectomy (1)
- larva (1)
- larval and pupal development (1)
- larval density (1)
- latency (1)
- latitudinal gradient (1)
- leaf beetle (1)
- leaf nitrogen content (1)
- leaf response (1)
- leaf-cutter ants (1)
- leaf-litter utilization (1)
- learning curve (1)
- learning performances (1)
- leaves (1)
- left hemicolectomy (1)
- legionary ants (1)
- lentic inland water bodies (1)
- leptomeningeal cells (1)
- lethality rate (1)
- lexicography (1)
- library screening (1)
- life cycle (1)
- life history (1)
- life span (1)
- life stage (1)
- life-cycle (1)
- life-history (1)
- life-history traits (1)
- life-span regulation (1)
- ligand CD55 (1)
- ligand-gated ion channels (1)
- ligand-receptor complex (1)
- light avoidance (1)
- light pulses (1)
- light stimuli (1)
- light-driven metabolism (1)
- light-gated proteins (1)
- light-induced gene expression (1)
- light-trapping (1)
- light‐gated (1)
- likelihood approach (1)
- limiting dilution cloning (1)
- linkage map (1)
- lipid asymmetry (1)
- lipid bilayer (1)
- lipid desaturation (1)
- lipids (1)
- lipogenesis (1)
- liposome (1)
- listeria-monocytogenes (1)
- liver (1)
- liver metastasis (1)
- livestock (1)
- ln vitro mutagenesis (1)
- local cues (1)
- local enhancement (1)
- localization micoscopy (1)
- location behavior (1)
- locomotion (1)
- long-distance dispersal (1)
- long-term outcome (1)
- long-term reuse (1)
- long-term-memory (1)
- long‐term monitoring (1)
- look-back behavior (1)
- loss of chromosome Y (LOY); (1)
- low carb (1)
- low fidelity (1)
- low-grade mucinous neoplasm (1)
- low-secretion phenotype mutants (1)
- lowland beech forests (1)
- lowland rainforest (1)
- lowland river banks (1)
- lridophores (1)
- lung fibrosis (1)
- lungfish (1)
- lymph nodes (1)
- lymphocyte activation (1)
- lymphocyte differentiation (1)
- lymphocytes (1)
- lymphotoxicity (1)
- lysosomal recruitment (1)
- m7G cap (1)
- mRNA and gene (1)
- mRNA cap (1)
- mRNA decapping (1)
- mRNP-Proteins (1)
- mTOR (1)
- macro moths (1)
- macro- and micro-elements (1)
- macroglomerulus (1)
- macrophages immunobiology (1)
- major depressive disorder (1)
- major environmental values (1)
- major histocompatibility complex (1)
- male bees (1)
- male mating success (1)
- male size polymorphism (1)
- male-specific traits (1)
- males emerge (1)
- malignant tumors (1)
- mammalian CRY1 (1)
- mammalian cells (1)
- mammalian septins (1)
- mammalian system (1)
- managed grasslands (1)
- map (1)
- marine biology (1)
- markers (1)
- marrow stromal cells (1)
- mass spectometry (1)
- master sex-determining gene (1)
- mate recognition (1)
- material composition (1)
- mathematical modeling (1)
- mating preference (1)
- matrix metalloproteinases (1)
- maturation signal (1)
- mean annual temperature (1)
- mean fruit body size (1)
- measles (1)
- mechanics (1)
- mechanism (1)
- mechanisms of persister formation (1)
- mechanistic model (1)
- mechanistic modelling (1)
- mechanobiology (1)
- mechanotransduction (1)
- medaka fish (1)
- medakafish oryzias latipes (1)
- media geométrica (1)
- median and dorsal raphe (1)
- medical and biological imaging (1)
- medida de la biodiversidad (1)
- megakaryocytes (1)
- meiotic chromosome dynamics (1)
- meiotic prophase (1)
- melanogenesis (1)
- melanoma ; oncogene regulation ; esterase ; molecular marker sequences (1)
- melanoma malignancy (1)
- meliponines (1)
- membrane characteristics (1)
- membrane fission (1)
- membrane immunoglobulin (1)
- membrane occupation (1)
- membrane organization (1)
- membrane recycling (1)
- membrane structures (1)
- membrane trafficking (1)
- memory formation (1)
- memory immune responses (1)
- meningeal blood-csf barrier (1)
- meningococcal disease (1)
- menstrual cycles (1)
- mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- mesenchymal stem-cells (1)
- meta-data (1)
- meta-transcriptome (1)
- metaanalysis (1)
- metabolic modelling (1)
- metabolic network model (1)
- metabolic pathways (1)
- metabolic profile (1)
- metabolic theory (1)
- metabolism and growth (1)
- metabolism of infected and uninfected host cells (1)
- metabolome (1)
- metabolomic profiling (1)
- metabotropic signalling (1)
- metastasis-directed therapy (1)
- metastatic melanoma (1)
- methanogens (1)
- methionine (1)
- methods (1)
- methylation array (1)
- methylation array analysis (1)
- methylene blue (1)
- miR-126 (1)
- miR-146a (1)
- miR-193a (1)
- miR-205 (1)
- miR-21 (1)
- miR-22 (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- microRNA-221 (1)
- microRNA–target interaction (1)
- microarray (1)
- microbes (1)
- microbial community abundance and compositions (1)
- microbial diversity (1)
- microbial diversity and composition (1)
- microbiology (1)
- microbiology techniques (1)
- microbiome metabarcoding (1)
- microbiomes (1)
- microbot (1)
- microdissection (1)
- microenvironment (1)
- microhabitats (1)
- microsatellites (1)
- microstates (1)
- microstructure (1)
- microtubule cytoskeleton (1)
- microvilli (1)
- mikroskopische Untersuchung (1)
- mimecan (1)
- mimicry rings (1)
- mini-exon (1)
- miniature schnauzer (1)
- mitigation strategies (1)
- mitochondrial ADP (1)
- mitochondrial DNA (1)
- mitochondrial activity (1)
- mitochondrial genome (1)
- mitochondrial membrane (1)
- mitochondrially translated (1)
- mitochondrion (1)
- mitofilin (1)
- mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) (1)
- mitotic genes (1)
- mixed hearing loss (1)
- mixed models (1)
- mixed-species forestry (1)
- mobility (1)
- model reduction (1)
- model selection (1)
- modeling (1)
- modular tumor tissue models (1)
- modularity (1)
- modulates virulence (1)
- modulating (1)
- modulation (1)
- modulatory effects (1)
- modules (1)
- mole crickets (1)
- molecular conformation (1)
- molecular diversity (1)
- molecular dynamics simulation (1)
- molecular evolution (1)
- molecular mass (1)
- molecular mechanism (1)
- molecular mechanisms (1)
- molecular mobility (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular modelling (1)
- molecular recognition (1)
- molecular systematics (1)
- molecular-dynamics simulations (1)
- molting (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monoallelic expression (1)
- monoclonal antibody (1)
- monoclonal stable cell (1)
- monoclonial gammopathy (1)
- monocytes (1)
- monodelphis domestica (1)
- monolayer (1)
- moon (1)
- more-individuals hypothesis (1)
- morphogenetic furrow progression (1)
- morphogenetic protein receptors (1)
- mortality rate (1)
- mortality rates (1)
- mossy fiber synapses (1)
- moth manduca sexta (1)
- moths (1)
- moths and butterflies (1)
- motile behaviour (1)
- motility (1)
- motor learning (1)
- motor proteins (1)
- mountain (1)
- mountain biodiversity (1)
- mountain ecology (1)
- mountain ecosystems (1)
- mouse microbiome (1)
- mouse models (1)
- mouse testis differentiation (1)
- mouse xenografts (1)
- mouse-brain (1)
- movement ecology (1)
- mtDNA (1)
- mullerian hormone AMH (1)
- multi-electrode-recording (1)
- multi-species approach (1)
- multi-unit recording (1)
- multidrug-resistant bacteria (1)
- multimodal (1)
- multiple linear regression (1)
- multiple myeloma (1)
- multiple sequence alignments (1)
- multisensory integration (1)
- multisensory navigation (1)
- multispecies metapopulation (1)
- multispecies studies (1)
- multitrophic (1)
- multivariate analyses (1)
- murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (1)
- mushroom body calyx (1)
- mustard oil bomb (1)
- mutation detection (1)
- mutation screening (1)
- mutations (1)
- mutualistic interactions (1)
- mycoplasma tests (1)
- mycotoxins (1)
- myeloma (1)
- myoinhibitory peptide (1)
- myrmrcophytism (1)
- nacreous layer formation (1)
- nanoarchitecture (1)
- nanocarrier (1)
- nanocellulose (1)
- nanocomplex (1)
- nanoscale imaging (1)
- nanotube formation (1)
- nanovesicle formation (1)
- nasopharyngeal colonization (1)
- native bees (1)
- native pollinators (1)
- native populations (1)
- natriuretic peptides (1)
- natural disturbances (1)
- natural enemy (1)
- natural environment (1)
- natural killer cell (1)
- natural killer cells (1)
- natural processing (1)
- naturalistic stimuli (1)
- naturalized species (1)
- naturally occurring polymorphisms (1)
- ncuCyte\(^®\)S3 (1)
- nearest-neighbour dispersal (1)
- nectar (1)
- nectar macronutrients (1)
- negative density dependence (1)
- neisseria gonorrhoeae (1)
- neo-Y (1)
- neoadjuvant (1)
- neobellieria bullata (1)
- neophyte trees (1)
- neotropical region (1)
- nepenthes bicalcarata (1)
- nephroblastomatosis (1)
- nervous-system (1)
- nervous-sytem (1)
- nest material (1)
- nest microbiota (1)
- nest site selection (1)
- nesting (1)
- nesting ecology (1)
- nesting habit (1)
- nestmate recognition cues (1)
- netcar-feeding bats (1)
- network (1)
- network biology (1)
- network inference (1)
- network simulation (1)
- network specialization index (H2′) (1)
- neural coding (1)
- neural crest (1)
- neural networks (1)
- neural stem-cells (1)
- neuraminidase (1)
- neuroblast growth (1)
- neuroblastoma (1)
- neuroblastoma cell (1)
- neuroblastoma – diagnosis (1)
- neurodevelopment (1)
- neurogenic locus notch homolog (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- neuronal (1)
- neuronal and synaptic plasticity (1)
- neuronal development (1)
- neuronal network (1)
- neuronal plasticity (1)
- neurons form (1)
- neuropeptide (1)
- neuropeptide pathway (1)
- neuropeptide signalling (1)
- neuropeptidomics (1)
- neuropil (1)
- neuropils (1)
- neuroprotection (1)
- neuropsychiatric disorders (1)
- neurospheres (1)
- neurotransmitter (1)
- neurotransmitters (1)
- neurotrophic factors (1)
- neutral processes (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (1)
- neutral theory (1)
- neutralizing antibodies (1)
- neutrophil transmigration (1)
- neutrophils (1)
- next-generation sequencing (1)
- niche (1)
- niche breadth (1)
- niche differentiation (1)
- niche partitioning (1)
- nicotinic acetylcholine-receptors (1)
- nitric oxide (1)
- nitrogen (1)
- nitrogen uptake (1)
- non-SBI fungicide (1)
- non-crop habitats (1)
- non-invasive biomarkers (1)
- non-muscle myosin (1)
- non-sense mediated mRNA decay (1)
- non-small cell lung cancer (1)
- non-syndromic hearing loss (1)
- noncovalent complex (1)
- noncovalent nanocomplex (1)
- none (1)
- nonhost plant (1)
- nonhuman-primates (1)
- non‐native plants (1)
- normal distribution (1)
- northern Tanzania (1)
- norway spruce (1)
- novel disturbance (1)
- nuclear antigen (1)
- nuclear export (1)
- nuclear import (1)
- nuclear lamina (1)
- nuclear pore complex (1)
- nuclear proe (1)
- nuclear-pore complexes (1)
- nucleator (1)
- nucleic acid motifs (1)
- nucleologenesis (1)
- nucleosome (1)
- nucleotide exchange (1)
- nucleotide sequence (1)
- nucleotide-gated channel (1)
- number of interactions (1)
- numerical model (1)
- nurse bee (1)
- nurse bees (1)
- nurses (1)
- nursing (1)
- nutritional adaptations (1)
- nutritional ecology (1)
- nyctalus noctula (1)
- nympahlidae (1)
- oaks (1)
- obstructive pulmonary disease (1)
- octogenerians (1)
- octopamine receptors (1)
- odor marks (1)
- odorants (1)
- oil bees (1)
- oil palm plantations (1)
- oil seed rape (1)
- oil-seed rape (1)
- olfactomedin 4 (1)
- olfactometer (1)
- olfactory glomeruli (1)
- olfactory information (1)
- olfactory learning (1)
- oligorecurrence (1)
- olyelectrolyte domains (1)
- omics (1)
- oncogene amplification (1)
- oncogene-induced senescence (1)
- oncogenesis (1)
- oncogenic transformation (1)
- oncology (1)
- oncolytic virus therapy (1)
- oncolytic viruses (1)
- oogenesis (1)
- oophaga pumilio (1)
- open appendectomy (1)
- operational sex ratio (1)
- ophrys heldreichii (1)
- opoisomerase I (1)
- optic flow (1)
- optic lobes (1)
- optical control (1)
- optical reconstruction microscopy (1)
- optical tracts (1)
- optimal drug combination (1)
- optimal drug targeting (1)
- optimal pharmacological modulation (1)
- optimal size (1)
- optimal treatment strategies (1)
- orb web geometry (1)
- oreochromis niloticus (1)
- organic amendment (1)
- organismal evolution (1)
- organogenesis (1)
- organoid (1)
- organoids (1)
- origin (1)
- orthopoxvirus (1)
- oryzias latipes (1)
- oryzias-latipes (1)
- oscillator (1)
- osmia (1)
- osmotic effects (1)
- osteoblast differentiation (1)
- osteocytes (1)
- osteoglycin (1)
- otitis media (1)
- outer membrane proteins (1)
- outer-membrane proteins (1)
- ovarian cancer (1)
- ovarian tumor (1)
- ovary (1)
- overfishing (1)
- overstory (1)
- oviposition site (1)
- oxaliplatin (1)
- oxidative phosphorylation (1)
- ozone (O3) (1)
- pacemaker neuron (1)
- packaging (1)
- painful (1)
- painted nest preference (1)
- paleoecology (1)
- palynolog (1)
- palynology (1)
- pancreatectomy (1)
- pancreatic cancer (1)
- pangolin (1)
- panorama (1)
- pantanal wetland (1)
- parabiosis (1)
- parabiotic ants (1)
- parabiotic association (1)
- paracrine release (1)
- parallel evolution (1)
- paralogs (1)
- paranodopathy (1)
- parasite biology (1)
- parasite evolution (1)
- parasite genetics (1)
- parasites (1)
- parasitic life cycles (1)
- parasitism (1)
- parasitoid (1)
- parasitoid wasps (1)
- parasitoids (1)
- parasitophorous vacuole (1)
- parten-offspring conflict (1)
- partial agonists (1)
- partial least square regression (1)
- particles (1)
- particulate matter (1)
- passes (1)
- passive transfer (1)
- patch size (1)
- paternal introgression (1)
- path integration (1)
- pathogen (1)
- pathogen vacuole (1)
- pathogen vector (1)
- pathogen-host interaction (PHI) (1)
- pathogenesis (1)
- pathogenic bacteria (1)
- pathogens (1)
- pathology (1)
- pathways (1)
- patient data (1)
- patient-derived organoid (PDOs) (1)
- patient-derived tumor organoid (PDTO) (1)
- pattern recognition receptors (1)
- patterns (1)
- pediatric (1)
- pediatric adrenocortical adenoma (1)
- pediatric adrenocortical cancer (1)
- pediatric adrenocortical tumor (1)
- pediatrics (1)
- peptidase inhibitor PI15 (1)
- peptide (1)
- peptide inhibitor design (1)
- peptide inhibitor of envelopment (1)
- peptide microarray (1)
- peptidomoics (1)
- perennial ryegrass (1)
- performance liquid chromatography (1)
- perfusion-based bioreactor system (1)
- period (1)
- peripheral clocks (1)
- peripheral nervous system (1)
- peripheral-blood (1)
- peritoneal metastasis (1)
- permeability (1)
- persistence (1)
- personalized medicine (1)
- pest (1)
- pest control (1)
- pest species (1)
- pesticide (1)
- pesticide mixture (1)
- pesticides (1)
- pestis infection (1)
- pests (1)
- phage (1)
- phagosomalescape (1)
- phagosome maturation arrest (1)
- phenological escape (1)
- phenological response (1)
- phenological shift (1)
- phenology shifts (1)
- phenotype (1)
- phenotypic screening (1)
- pheromone (1)
- pheromone trail (1)
- pheromones (1)
- philanthidae (1)
- phlorizin (1)
- phosphates (1)
- phosphatidylethanolamine (1)
- phosphatidylserine (1)
- phosphatidylserine transport (1)
- phosphoglycolate phosphatase (1)
- phosphoproteome (1)
- phosphorylation sites (1)
- photoactivation (1)
- photodanamic therapy (1)
- photodynamic chemotherapy (1)
- photodynamic therapy (1)
- photolyase (1)
- photoperiodic time mesurement (1)
- photorespiration (1)
- phototaxis (1)
- phototropin (1)
- phyllosphere (1)
- phylogenetic analysis (1)
- phylogenetic tree (1)
- phylogenomics (1)
- physical properties (1)
- physiological constraints (1)
- physiological parameters (1)
- physiological traits (1)
- phytohormones (1)
- phytophagous beetles (1)
- pied flycatchers (1)
- pig microbiome (1)
- pigment pattern (1)
- pigment-dispersing factor (1)
- pili and fimbriae (1)
- pines (1)
- pitcher-plant mosquito (1)
- plant bacteria (1)
- plant community composition (1)
- plant composition (1)
- plant ecology (1)
- plant evolution (1)
- plant fresh/dry weight (1)
- plant functional groups (1)
- plant functional traits (1)
- plant functional types (1)
- plant genomics (1)
- plant growth (1)
- plant guilds (1)
- plant hormones (1)
- plant invasion (1)
- plant physiology (1)
- plant quality (1)
- plant richness (1)
- plant system (1)
- plant traits (1)
- plant vigour (1)
- plant-animal interactions (1)
- plant-herbivore interactions (1)
- plant-insect-microbe interactions (1)
- plantago lanceolata (1)
- plantations (1)
- plant–bee visitation networks (1)
- plant–herbivore interactions (1)
- plant–microbe–pollinator triangle (1)
- plant–pollinator interaction (1)
- plant–pollinator interactions (1)
- plaque assay (1)
- plaque isolation (1)
- plasma membrane (1)
- plasma membrane depolarization (1)
- plasmodium falciparum (1)
- platelet activation factor (1)
- platform (1)
- platyfish (1)
- pneumonic plague (1)
- pocket factor (1)
- poeciliid fishes (1)
- poeciliidae (1)
- polar ion transport (1)
- polarization (1)
- polarization vision (1)
- polarized cell culture (1)
- polarized epithelium (1)
- policy (1)
- pollen and nectar resources (1)
- pollen beetle (1)
- pollen limitation (1)
- pollen metabarcoding (1)
- pollen nutrients (1)
- pollen provisions (1)
- pollen quality (1)
- pollen tube (1)
- pollimetry (1)
- pollination ecology (1)
- pollination services (1)
- pollinator attraction (1)
- pollinator diversity (1)
- pollinator friendly plants (1)
- pollinator interactions (1)
- pollinators (1)
- pollution (1)
- polyarcylamide gels (1)
- polycistronic mRNA (1)
- polyelectrolyte domains (1)
- polyergus rufescens (1)
- polymerase (1)
- population (1)
- population coverage (1)
- population divergence (1)
- pore (1)
- post-fire management (1)
- post-harvest quality (1)
- postoperative inflammation (1)
- posttranscriptional regulation (1)
- potassium channel (1)
- potential role (1)
- poxvirus (1)
- pp6oc-src (1)
- precedes multiple-myeloma (1)
- precision agriculture (1)
- precision-cut tumor slices (1)
- preclinical model (1)
- predation risk (1)
- predator-exclusion (1)
- predictive factors (1)
- predictive markers (1)
- predictive modeling (1)
- predictive models (1)
- preference–performance hypothesis (1)
- prefrontal cortex (1)
- pregnancy (1)
- premature aging (1)
- preproteins (1)
- presynapse (1)
- presynaptic (1)
- presynaptic calcium (1)
- presynaptic differentiation (1)
- presynaptic homeostasis (1)
- presynaptic plasticity (1)
- prey (1)
- prey growth rate (1)
- prey selection (1)
- prezygotic reproductive isolation (1)
- primary biliary-cirrhosis (1)
- primary tumor cell culture (1)
- primeval forest (1)
- principal (1)
- principal component analysis (1)
- pristine forests (1)
- pro-oxidant (1)
- proGenomes (1)
- probes (1)
- proboscis extension reflex (1)
- proboscis extension response (1)
- procambarus-clarkii (1)
- processivity (1)
- productivity (1)
- productivity hypothesis (1)
- profile distances (1)
- progenitors (1)
- progeria (1)
- prognosis (1)
- prognostic factors (1)
- prognostic marker (1)
- prokaryotic clade (1)
- prokaryotic subspecies (1)
- prolactin (1)
- proliferation assays (1)
- prolonged survival (1)
- promoter (1)
- promoter affinity (1)
- propagation (1)
- proportion of seminatural habitat (1)
- protandry (1)
- protease (1)
- protease; Indinavir; lead expansion; docking; pharmacophore (1)
- proteasome system (1)
- protected area management (1)
- protected forests (1)
- protein analysis (1)
- protein biosynthesis & quality control (1)
- protein chip (1)
- protein complexes (1)
- protein crowding (1)
- protein docking (1)
- protein domain architectures (1)
- protein expression (1)
- protein familiy (1)
- protein interaction database (1)
- protein interactions (1)
- protein kinases (1)
- protein pathway (1)
- protein phosphorylation (1)
- protein processing (1)
- protein synthesis (1)
- protein translocation (1)
- protein tyrosine kinase (1)
- protein-coupled receptors (1)
- protein-interaction networks (1)
- protein-protein interaction (PPI) (1)
- protein-protein interaction network (1)
- protein-protein interactions (1)
- protein-protein recognition (1)
- proteines membranaires (1)
- proteolipid (1)
- proteome (1)
- proteomic analysis (1)
- protocadherin gamma cluster (1)
- proton channel (1)
- proton conduction (1)
- protooncogene (1)
- protophormia terraenovae (1)
- prototheca (1)
- protozoan (1)
- proximity labeling (1)
- proximity ligation (1)
- psbA/rbcL spacer (1)
- pseudomas-syringae (1)
- pulmonata (1)
- pyramidal neurons (1)
- pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (1)
- quali-chick chimeras (1)
- quality (1)
- quantification (1)
- quantitative stigmergy (1)
- queens (1)
- quinoa (1)
- rDNA (1)
- radial (1)
- radial glia (1)
- radiation (1)
- radiation response (1)
- radiation-induced genome instability (RIGI) (1)
- radiofrequency identification (1)
- radiotherapy (1)
- rafflesiana (1)
- rain forest (1)
- rainforest (1)
- rana temporaria populations (1)
- random forest (1)
- range limits (1)
- range shifts (1)
- rapid evolution (1)
- rare (1)
- ras (1)
- rat calyx (1)
- rat hepatocytes (1)
- rat hippocampal neurons (1)
- rational drug design (1)
- re-annotation (1)
- reactivating p53 and inducing tumor apoptosis (RITA) (1)
- reactive electrophilic species (1)
- reactive oxygen (1)
- real-time (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinase (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinases (1)
- recognition nexus domain (1)
- recognize images (1)
- recolonization (1)
- recombinant protein rVE (1)
- recombinant proteins (1)
- recombinat-human-erythropoietin (1)
- reconstruction microscopy (1)
- recreation (1)
- rectal cancer (1)
- rectal resection (1)
- rectum (1)
- red blood cells (1)
- red lists (1)
- redox homeostasis (1)
- regime shift (1)
- regional species pool (1)
- regression analysis (1)
- regulatory T cells (1)
- regulatory circuit downstream (1)
- regulatory networks (1)
- regulatory regions (1)
- relA (1)
- relative abundance (1)
- relevance (1)
- reliability (1)
- remote sensing‐enabled essential biodiversity variables (1)
- renal cell carcinoma (1)
- replication stress (1)
- reporter gene (1)
- reproductive asynchrony (1)
- reproductive character displacement (1)
- reproductive diapause (1)
- reproductive health (1)
- reproductive performance (1)
- reproductive toxicity (1)
- reprogamming of host cell metabolism (1)
- rescue behavior (1)
- resolution limit (1)
- resonance theory (1)
- resource allocation (1)
- resource availability (1)
- resource selection (1)
- resources (1)
- respiratory chain (1)
- response regulator (1)
- resting-state (1)
- restoration strategy (1)
- reticulate body (1)
- retinal development (1)
- retinal differentiation (1)
- retinal dystrophies (1)
- retinoblastoma protein (1)
- retrotransposons (1)
- reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (1)
- reward (1)
- rheumatic diseases (1)
- rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- rheumatology (1)
- rhodopsin (1)
- rhythm (1)
- rhythmic components (1)
- rhythms (1)
- ribosomal RNA (1)
- ribosomes (1)
- riboswitch (1)
- rice–plant infection (1)
- richtersius coronifer (1)
- riesgo de extinción (1)
- riparian ecology (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- risk factor (1)
- risk factors (1)
- risk management (1)
- risk stratification (1)
- river restoration (1)
- robotic surgery (1)
- robustness (1)
- rocus sieberi (1)
- rolling-circle transposons (1)
- root (1)
- rove beetle (1)
- rs112587690 (1)
- rs12628 (1)
- rural domain (1)
- sRNA (1)
- sacbrood virus (1)
- saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)
- saccharomyes cerevisiae (1)
- salinity (1)
- salinity stress (1)
- salivary gland (1)
- salt tolerance (1)
- salvage logging (1)
- salvage radiotherapy (1)
- sample (1)
- sampling behavior (1)
- sampling bias (1)
- sanitary logging (1)
- saprobic and ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes (1)
- saproxylic organisms (1)
- saproxylic species (1)
- sarcomere (1)
- sarcopterygian fish (1)
- satellite (1)
- satellite DNA (1)
- savanna woodland (1)
- scaffold search (1)
- scalable functional genomic screening (1)
- scaling relationships (1)
- scanning electron microscopy (1)
- scavender receptor (1)
- schizophrenia (1)
- schizosaccaromyces-pombe (1)
- screening (1)
- seahorse (1)
- season (1)
- seasonal phenology (1)
- secondary invader (1)
- secondary site infection (1)
- secreted effectors (1)
- seed yield (1)
- segmental progeria (1)
- self-renewal (1)
- semantic segmentation (1)
- semi-natural habitat (1)
- semi‐natural habitats (1)
- sensitization (1)
- sensor (1)
- sensory cues (1)
- sensory neurons (1)
- sensory physiology (1)
- sensory systems (1)
- sentinel prey (1)
- sentinel-2 (1)
- sept3 (1)
- sept5a (1)
- sept5b (1)
- septin (1)
- sequence (1)
- sequence assembly tools (1)
- sequence motif analysis (1)
- sequence subunit (1)
- sequencing (1)
- sequencing data (1)
- sequential introduction (1)
- sequential mate choice (1)
- serotonin transporter (1)
- serotonin-specific neurons (1)
- serum (1)
- set (1)
- sex chromosome evolution (1)
- sex combs (1)
- sex linked pigmentation pattern (1)
- sex pheromone (1)
- sex pheromones (1)
- sex-biased dispersal (1)
- sex-determining genes. (1)
- sex-determining region (1)
- sex-specific competition (1)
- sex-specific mortality (1)
- sexual antagonistic genes (1)
- sexual conflict (1)
- sexual deception (1)
- sexual development (1)
- sexual development dysgenesis (1)
- sexual dimorphism (1)
- sexual dimorphism in timing (1)
- sexual isolation (1)
- sexually antagonistic genes (1)
- shade cover (1)
- shannon index (1)
- shear stress (1)
- shelf life (1)
- shoot apical meristem (1)
- shootin-1 (1)
- shoot–root interaction (1)
- short‐rotation coppice (1)
- shrub‐cover (1)
- signal peptide peptidase (1)
- signal tranduction (1)
- signaling network (1)
- signalling (1)
- signalling pathways (1)
- silico model (1)
- silk (1)
- silkworm (1)
- silver staining (1)
- similarity (1)
- simple repeat sequences (1)
- simple repetitive sequences (1)
- simpson's index (1)
- single cell analysis (1)
- single molecule localization microscopy (1)
- single molecule real time (SMRT) (1)
- single strand blocking (1)
- single-electron transistors (1)
- single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- single-molecule photobleaching (1)
- single-molecule tracking (1)
- single-port appendectomy (1)
- single-trial learning (1)
- size determination (1)
- size dimorphism (1)
- size polymorpbism (1)
- size-dependent movement (1)
- skin (1)
- sky compass (1)
- sky kinases (1)
- sky-compass orientation (1)
- sky-compass pathway (1)
- sleep/activity (1)
- smORFs (1)
- small RNA-sequencing (1)
- small cell lung cancer (1)
- small interfering RNAs (1)
- small interferring RNA (1)
- small intestinal submucosa scaffold (1)
- small-cell lung cancer (1)
- small-colony variants (1)
- snags (1)
- snoRNA (1)
- snowmelt (1)
- social (1)
- social bees (1)
- social behavior (1)
- social calls (1)
- social immunity (1)
- social insect (1)
- social insects (1)
- social parasitism (1)
- sociality (1)
- sodal domlnance (1)
- sodium (1)
- soil (1)
- soil characteristics (1)
- soil fauna (1)
- soil macrofauna (1)
- solution scattering (1)
- solvent (1)
- sonic hedghog (1)
- sound production (1)
- southern hybridization (1)
- sown flower field age and size (1)
- space-for-time approach (1)
- spanlastic (1)
- spatial (1)
- spatial representation (1)
- spatial scales (1)
- spatial variation (1)
- spatially structured population (1)
- specialists (1)
- species as individuals (1)
- species as natural kinds (1)
- species coexistence mechanism (1)
- species community composition (1)
- species composition (1)
- species density (1)
- species diversification (1)
- species energy theory (1)
- species gastropoda (1)
- species interactions (1)
- species problem (1)
- species range shifts (1)
- species richness estimation (1)
- species spillover (1)
- species traits (1)
- species turnover (1)
- species‐area hypothesis (1)
- spectral sensitivity (1)
- spectrometry-based proteomics (1)
- sperm (1)
- sperm head formation (1)
- spermatogenic cell sorting (1)
- spermiogenesis (1)
- sphingolipid expansion microscopy (1)
- sphingomyelinase release (1)
- sphingosine (1)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate (1)
- sphingosine kinases (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (1)
- spidroin (1)
- spire (1)
- spiroplasma (1)
- spliceosomes (1)
- splicing (1)
- splicing factors (1)
- spot size (1)
- spotted knifejaw (1)
- squalius alburnoides (1)
- squamous (1)
- squamous cell carcinoma (1)
- squamous tumors (1)
- stability (1)
- stable state (1)
- stable-isotope (1)
- stage III (1)
- stalk cell (1)
- stalking predators (1)
- standard schnauzer (1)
- standardized major axis regression (1)
- standing deadwood (1)
- standing variation (1)
- staphylinid beetles (1)
- staphylococcal alpha-toxin (1)
- staphylococcus aureus (1)
- statistical disperison (1)
- statistics (1)
- stem arena (1)
- stem cell niche (1)
- stem cell transplantation (1)
- stem weevil (1)
- stem-cell (1)
- stem-cell-triggered immunity (1)
- stemness (1)
- stepping patterns (1)
- stocks (1)
- stoichiometry (1)
- stomata (1)
- stomatal conductance (1)
- strategies (1)
- strategy (1)
- stratification (1)
- strawberry (1)
- stress (1)
- stress conditions (1)
- string database (1)
- stringent response (1)
- structural insights (1)
- structure (1)
- structure-activity relationship (1)
- structure-function relationships (1)
- structured illumination (1)
- structured illumination microscope (1)
- study design (1)
- study system (1)
- sturgeon karyotype (1)
- sub-Saharan Africa (1)
- sublethal effect (1)
- sublethal effects (1)
- substrate channeling (1)
- substrate quality (1)
- subungual (1)
- subunit stoichiometry (1)
- successional trajectory (1)
- sucrose (1)
- sucrose sensitivity (1)
- sugar responsiveness (1)
- sulfate (1)
- sulforaphane (1)
- super resolution microscopy (1)
- super-resolution imaging (1)
- super-resolution microscopy (SRM) (1)
- superior (1)
- superoxide-dismutase (1)
- surface (1)
- surface proteins (1)
- surface water (1)
- surgery (1)
- surgical care (1)
- surgical oncology (1)
- surgical site infection (1)
- surveillance (1)
- survival analysis (1)
- sustainable (1)
- swimming (1)
- swordtails (1)
- symbiont selection (1)
- synapse formation (1)
- synapse structure (1)
- synaptic complexes (1)
- synaptic connections (1)
- synaptic delay (1)
- synaptic development (1)
- synaptic localization (1)
- synaptic signaling (1)
- synaptic transmission (1)
- synaptic ultrastructure (1)
- synaptic vesicles (1)
- synapticplasticity (1)
- synaptotagmin (1)
- synthetic pathways (1)
- system inference (1)
- systematic affiliation (1)
- systematic literature review (1)
- systematic review (1)
- systemic inflammatory response syndrome (1)
- systemic sclerosis (1)
- t-Test (1)
- tachykinin (1)
- tag fusion proteins (1)
- tandem repeats (1)
- tansy leaf beetle (1)
- tardigrada (1)
- target (1)
- target molecule (1)
- targeted combination therapy (1)
- targeted therapies (1)
- targeted therapy (1)
- targets (1)
- task allocation (1)
- taste (1)
- taxonomic biases (1)
- taxonomic description (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- tegument protein pUL36 (1)
- teichoic acids (1)
- teleost fish (1)
- teleost fishes (1)
- teleost flsh (1)
- teleostei (1)
- telomere attachment (1)
- temperature gradient (1)
- temperature-speciation hypothesis (1)
- temperature‐mediated resource exploitation hypothesis (1)
- temperature‐richness hypothesis (1)
- temporal (1)
- temporal mismatch (1)
- temporal range (1)
- temporal variation (1)
- température (1)
- tergite (1)
- term memory (1)
- terrestrial habitats (1)
- testes (1)
- testosterone (1)
- tetracyclines (1)
- tettigoniidae (1)
- the microtubule-organizing center (1)
- therapeutic strategy (1)
- thermal adaptation (1)
- thermal biology (1)
- thermal proteome profiling (1)
- thermoregulation (1)
- theta (1)
- thin sections (1)
- thiol starvation (1)
- three-dimensional microscopy (1)
- three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) (1)
- threshold indicator taxa analysis (1)
- throat (1)
- thrombosis (1)
- tight junction (1)
- time lag (1)
- time lapse cameras (1)
- tissue model (1)
- tissue nutrient contents (1)
- tissue transport (1)
- tolerance (1)
- tonicity (1)
- tools overview (1)
- topminnow (1)
- total internal reflection microscopy (1)
- tousled-like kinases (1)
- tracheal cytotoxin (1)
- tracking (1)
- trade‐offs (1)
- traditional almond orchard (1)
- traditional land use (1)
- traffic noise (1)
- trafficking (1)
- trait-based management (1)
- trait-displacement (1)
- trampling (1)
- trans-splicing (1)
- trans-tango (1)
- transcription activation (1)
- transcription deficiency (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transcription factors (1)
- transcription units (1)
- transcriptional control (1)
- transcriptional profiling (1)
- transcriptional responses (1)
- transcriptional rewiring (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transcriptomes (1)
- transcriptomic response (1)
- transfer RNA-synthetases (1)
- transformation (1)
- transgenic fish (1)
- transgenic mice (1)
- transient dynamics (1)
- transitional shrubland (1)
- translation (1)
- translation initiation (1)
- translational initiation (1)
- translational regulation (1)
- translocation experiment (1)
- transplantation (1)
- transportome (1)
- transposition (1)
- trans‐Tango (1)
- trap selectivity (1)
- treatment (1)
- tree cavities (1)
- tree cavity (1)
- tree plantations (1)
- tree selection (1)
- tree species (1)
- treefrogs hyla-gratiosa (1)
- triglyceride accumulation (1)
- trinervitermes (1)
- trisomy 21 (1)
- trophic interactions (1)
- trophic levels (1)
- trophic position (1)
- tropical ecology (1)
- tropical forest (1)
- tropical peat swamp forest (1)
- true bug (1)
- true diversity (1)
- trypanobot (1)
- trypanosoma brucei (1)
- trypanosoma brucei gambiense (1)
- trypanosome lytic factor (1)
- trypanosomes (1)
- tryptophan (1)
- tsetse (1)
- tumor disease (1)
- tumor microenvironment (1)
- tumor model (1)
- tumor suppressor (1)
- tumor surveillance (1)
- tumor-associated macrophage (1)
- tumorigenesis (1)
- tumors (1)
- tumour (1)
- tumour heterogeneity (1)
- tundra biome (1)
- type 1 (1)
- type-1 (1)
- type-1 matrix (1)
- tyramine (1)
- tyrosine kinase (1)
- tyrosine phosphorylation (1)
- tyrosine recombinase (1)
- ultrasound vocalizations (1)
- undernourishment (1)
- undersampling (1)
- understory (1)
- undetermined significance (1)
- unicellular cyanobacteria (1)
- unmanaged broadleaved forests (1)
- unpaired median neurons (1)
- unstructured data (1)
- unstructured proteins (1)
- unstrukturierte Daten (1)
- uper-resolution array tomography (1)
- upslope shift (1)
- uptake (1)
- urban (1)
- urban ecology (1)
- urban greening (1)
- urban-rural gradient (1)
- urinary tract infections (1)
- usurpation (1)
- vacuolar calcium sensor (1)
- validation (1)
- vancomycin (1)
- variability analysis (1)
- variable regions (1)
- variant detection (1)
- variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) (1)
- variant surface glycoproteins (1)
- variants of unknown significance (1)
- vector navigation (1)
- vegetation change (1)
- vegetation structure (1)
- vemurafenib (1)
- venom (1)
- venous infiltration (1)
- vertebrate scavenger (1)
- vertebrates (1)
- vertical mismatch (1)
- vertical stratification (1)
- vertical transmission (1)
- vesicles (1)
- vibration (1)
- vibrio cholerae (1)
- video recording (1)
- vineyard terrace (1)
- viral entry (1)
- viral load (1)
- viral replication (1)
- viral transmission and infection (1)
- virions (1)
- virtual docking (1)
- virulenceregulatory evolution (1)
- visual cues (1)
- visual learning (1)
- visual memory (1)
- visual orientation (1)
- visual pigments (1)
- vitellogenin (1)
- vocabulary (1)
- volatiles (1)
- voltage gating (1)
- volume (1)
- volume regulation (1)
- volume transmission (1)
- von Willebrand type C domain (1)
- waggle dance (1)
- walking (1)
- wasp-mimicking (1)
- wasps (1)
- water (1)
- water beetles (1)
- water microbiology (1)
- water stress (1)
- water strider (1)
- well-being (1)
- wheat yield (1)
- whole exome sequencing (1)
- whole genome (1)
- whole genome duplication (1)
- whole genome duplications (1)
- whole genome sequencing (1)
- whole-genome analysis (1)
- whole-genome duplication (1)
- whole-genome sequencing (1)
- whole-genome shotgun sequencing (1)
- wild (1)
- wild honey bees (1)
- wild honeybees (1)
- wild plant pollination (1)
- wildlife management (1)
- wind compass (1)
- windthrow (1)
- winter (1)
- woody plant richness (1)
- wood‐inhabiting fungi (1)
- work bee (1)
- worker bee larva (1)
- worker behavior (1)
- worker honeybees (1)
- wound (1)
- wound healing (1)
- wound infection (1)
- wrong labelling (1)
- wyeomyia smithii (1)
- xanthophyceae (1)
- xanthurenic acid (1)
- xenophagy (1)
- xiphophorus maculatus (1)
- xylem loading (1)
- yellow fluorescent protein (1)
- young work bee (1)
- yvcK/glmR operon (1)
- zoology (1)
- zygomorphy (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- índice de biodiversidad (1)
- ΔNp63 (1)
- α-Galactosidase A (1)
- α‐diversity (1)
- β-Hydroxybutyrate (1)
- β-barrel (1)
- β-cells (1)
- β‐diversity (1)
- ∆Np63 (1)
Institut
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (1452) (entfernen)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Mildred-Scheel-Nachwuchszentrum (2)
- Ökologische Station Fabrikschleichach (2)
- Core Unit Systemmedizin (1)
- DNA Analytics Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (1)
- DNA Analytics Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (1)
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (1)
- EMBL, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany (1)
- Forschungsstation Fabrikschleichach (1)
- Fraunhofer Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB) (1)
- IZKF (Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung), Universität Würzburg (1)
ResearcherID
- D-1221-2009 (1)
Background
Anastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the most common and serious complications following visceral surgery. In recent years, endoluminal vacuum therapy has dramatically changed therapeutic options for AL, but its use has been limited to areas easily accessible by endoscope.
Case presentation
We describe the first use of endoluminal vacuum therapy in the small intestine employing a combined surgical and endoscopic “rendezvous technique” in which the surgeon assists the endoscopic placement of an endoluminal vacuum therapy sponge in the jejunum by means of a pullback string. This technique led to a completely closed AL after 27 days and 7 changes of the endosponge.
Conclusion
The combined surgical and endoscopic rendezvous technique can be useful in cases of otherwise difficult endosponge placement.
The composition of stable-isotope labelled isotopologues/isotopomers in metabolic products can be measured by mass spectrometry and supports the analysis of pathways and fluxes. As a prerequisite, the original mass spectra have to be processed, managed and stored to rapidly calculate, analyse and compare isotopomer enrichments to study, for instance, bacterial metabolism in infection. For such applications, we provide here the database application ‘Isotopo’. This software package includes (i) a database to store and process isotopomer data, (ii) a parser to upload and translate different data formats for such data and (iii) an improved application to process and convert signal intensities from mass spectra of \(^{13}C\)-labelled metabolites such as tertbutyldimethylsilyl-derivatives of amino acids. Relative mass intensities and isotopomer distributions are calculated applying a partial least square method with iterative refinement for high precision data. The data output includes formats such as graphs for overall enrichments in amino acids. The package is user-friendly for easy and robust data management of multiple experiments.
Background:
The cardiac hormones atrial (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP) moderate arterial blood pressure and improve energy metabolism as well as insulin sensitivity via their shared cGMP-producing guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor. Obesity is associated with impaired NP/GC-A/cGMP signaling, which possibly contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes and its cardiometabolic complications. In vitro, synthetic ANP, via GC-A, stimulates glucose-dependent insulin release from cultured pancreatic islets and β-cell proliferation. However, the relevance for systemic glucose homeostasis in vivo is not known. To dissect whether the endogenous cardiac hormones modulate the secretory function and/or proliferation of β-cells under (patho)physiological conditions in vivo, here we generated a novel genetic mouse model with selective disruption of the GC-A receptor in β-cells.
Methods:
Mice with a floxed GC-A gene were bred to Rip-CreTG mice, thereby deleting GC-A selectively in β-cells (β GC-A KO). Weight gain, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were monitored in normal diet (ND)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. β-cell size and number were measured by immunofluorescence-based islet morphometry.
Results:
In vitro, the insulinotropic and proliferative actions of ANP were abolished in islets isolated from β GC-A KO mice. Concordantly, in vivo, infusion of BNP mildly enhanced baseline plasma insulin levels and glucose-induced insulin secretion in control mice. This effect of exogenous BNP was abolished in β GC-A KO mice, corroborating the efficient inactivation of the GC-A receptor in β-cells. Despite this under physiological, ND conditions, fasted and fed insulin levels, glucose-induced insulin secretion, glucose tolerance and β-cell morphology were similar in β GC-A KO mice and control littermates. However, HFD-fed β GC-A KO animals had accelerated glucose intolerance and diminished adaptative β-cell proliferation.
Conclusions:
Our studies of β GC-A KO mice demonstrate that the cardiac hormones ANP and BNP do not modulate β-cell's growth and secretory functions under physiological, normal dietary conditions. However, endogenous NP/GC-A signaling improves the initial adaptative response of β-cells to HFD-induced obesity. Impaired β-cell NP/GC-A signaling in obese individuals might contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.
No abstract available
No abstract available
Xmrk encodes a putative transmembrane glycoprotein of the tyrosine kinase family and is a melanoma-inducing gene in Xiphophorus. We attempted to investigate the biological function of the putative Xmrk receptor by characterizing its signalling properties. Since a potential Iigand for Xmrk has not yet been identified, it has been difficult to analyse the biochemical properlies and biological function of this cell surface protein. In an approach towards such analyses, the Xmrk extracellular domain was replaced by the closely related Iigand-binding domain sequences of the human epidennal growth factor receptor (HER) and the ligand-induced activity of the chimeric HER-Xmrk proteinwas examined. We show that the Xmrk protein is a functional receptor tyrosine kinase, is highly active in malignant melanoma and displays a constitutive autophosphorylation activity possibly due to an activating mutation in its extracellular or transmembrane domain. In the focus formation assay the HER-Xmrk chimera is a potent transfonning protein equivalent to other tyrosine kinase oncoproteins.
The Xiphophorus tumor system has provided the opportunity to reduce the enormous complexity of cancer etiology to a few biological elements basically involved in neoplasia. The development of a tumor requires an oncogene which, after impairment, deletion, or elimination of its regulatory genes is permitted to mediate neoplastic transformation. Emphasis is being placed today in cancer research on the actual oncogenes themselves, but, in our opinion, the most important genes involved in neoplasia are these regulatory genes. However, although detected by c1assical genetics in the Xiphophorus system, th ese genes are not at present open to a more fin ely detailed molecular biological analysis. Their actual mode of action is therefore still far from being understood.
Background
Xiphophorus fishes are represented by 26 live-bearing species of tropical fish that express many attributes (e.g., viviparity, genetic and phenotypic variation, ecological adaptation, varied sexual developmental mechanisms, ability to produce fertile interspecies hybrids) that have made attractive research models for over 85 years. Use of various interspecies hybrids to investigate the genetics underlying spontaneous and induced tumorigenesis has resulted in the development and maintenance of pedigreed Xiphophorus lines specifically bred for research. The recent availability of the X. maculatus reference genome assembly now provides unprecedented opportunities for novel and exciting comparative research studies among Xiphophorus species.
Results
We present sequencing, assembly and annotation of two new genomes representing Xiphophorus couchianus and Xiphophorus hellerii. The final X. couchianus and X. hellerii assemblies have total sizes of 708 Mb and 734 Mb and correspond to 98 % and 102 % of the X. maculatus Jp 163 A genome size, respectively. The rates of single nucleotide change range from 1 per 52 bp to 1 per 69 bp among the three genomes and the impact of putatively damaging variants are presented. In addition, a survey of transposable elements allowed us to deduce an ancestral TE landscape, uncovered potential active TEs and document a recent burst of TEs during evolution of this genus.
Conclusions
Two new Xiphophorus genomes and their corresponding transcriptomes were efficiently assembled, the former using a novel guided assembly approach. Three assembled genome sequences within this single vertebrate order of new world live-bearing fishes will accelerate our understanding of relationship between environmental adaptation and genome evolution. In addition, these genome resources provide capability to determine allele specific gene regulation among interspecies hybrids produced by crossing any of the three species that are known to produce progeny predisposed to tumor development.
Words are built from smaller meaning bearing parts, called morphemes. As one word can contain multiple morphemes, one morpheme can be present in different words. The number of distinct words a morpheme can be found in is its family size. Here we used Birth-Death-Innovation Models (BDIMs) to analyze the distribution of morpheme family sizes in English and German vocabulary over the last 200 years. Rather than just fitting to a probability distribution, these mechanistic models allow for the direct interpretation of identified parameters. Despite the complexity of language change, we indeed found that a specific variant of this pure stochastic model, the second order linear balanced BDIM, significantly fitted the observed distributions. In this model, birth and death rates are increased for smaller morpheme families. This finding indicates an influence of morpheme family sizes on vocabulary changes. This could be an effect of word formation, perception or both. On a more general level, we give an example on how mechanistic models can enable the identification of statistical trends in language change usually hidden by cultural influences.
Many species synchronize reproductive behavior with a particular phase of the lunar cycle to increase reproductive success. In humans, a lunar influence on reproductive behavior remains controversial, although the human menstrual cycle has a period close to that of the lunar cycle. Here, we analyzed long-term menstrual recordings of individual women with distinct methods for biological rhythm analysis. We show that women’s menstrual cycles with a period longer than 27 days were intermittently synchronous with the Moon’s luminance and/or gravimetric cycles. With age and upon exposure to artificial nocturnal light, menstrual cycles shortened and lost this synchrony. We hypothesize that in ancient times, human reproductive behavior was synchronous with the Moon but that our modern lifestyles have changed reproductive physiology and behavior.
Background:
In previous studies, the gram-positive firmicute genus Paenibacillus was found with significant abundances in nests of wild solitary bees. Paenibacillus larvae is well-known for beekeepers as a severe pathogen causing the fatal honey bee disease American foulbrood, and other members of the genus are either secondary invaders of European foulbrood or considered a threat to honey bees. We thus investigated whether Paenibacillus is a common bacterium associated with various wild bees and hence poses a latent threat to honey bees visiting the same flowers.
Results:
We collected 202 samples from 82 individuals or nests of 13 bee species at the same location and screened each for Paenibacillus using high-throughput sequencing-based 16S metabarcoding. We then isolated the identified strain Paenibacillus MBD-MB06 from a solitary bee nest and sequenced its genome. We did find conserved toxin genes and such encoding for chitin-binding proteins, yet none specifically related to foulbrood virulence or chitinases. Phylogenomic analysis revealed a closer relationship to strains of root-associated Paenibacillus rather than strains causing foulbrood or other accompanying diseases. We found anti-microbial evidence within the genome, confirmed by experimental bioassays with strong growth inhibition of selected fungi as well as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Conclusions:
The isolated wild bee associate Paenibacillus MBD-MB06 is a common, but irregularly occurring part of wild bee microbiomes, present on adult body surfaces and guts and within nests especially in megachilids. It was phylogenetically and functionally distinct from harmful members causing honey bee colony diseases, although it shared few conserved proteins putatively toxic to insects that might indicate ancestral predisposition for the evolution of insect pathogens within the group. By contrast, our strain showed anti-microbial capabilities and the genome further indicates abilities for chitin-binding and biofilm-forming, suggesting it is likely a useful associate to avoid fungal penetration of the bee cuticula and a beneficial inhabitant of nests to repress fungal threats in humid and nutrient-rich environments of wild bee nests.
Whole Genome Duplications Shaped the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Repertoire of Jawed Vertebrates
(2016)
The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) gene family, involved primarily in cell growth and differentiation, comprises proteins with a common enzymatic tyrosine kinase intracellular domain adjacent to a transmembrane region. The amino-terminal portion of RTKs is extracellular and made of different domains, the combination of which characterizes each of the 20 RTK subfamilies among mammals. We analyzed a total of 7,376 RTK sequences among 143 vertebrate species to provide here the first comprehensive census of the jawed vertebrate repertoire. We ascertained the 58 genes previously described in the human and mouse genomes and established their phylogenetic relationships. We also identified five additional RTKs amounting to a total of 63 genes in jawed vertebrates. We found that the vertebrate RTK gene family has been shaped by the two successive rounds of whole genome duplications (WGD) called 1R and 2R (1R/2R) that occurred at the base of the vertebrates. In addition, the Vegfr and Ephrin receptor subfamilies were expanded by single gene duplications. In teleost fish, 23 additional RTK genes have been retained after another expansion through the fish-specific third round (3R) of WGD. Several lineage-specific gene losses were observed. For instance, birds have lost three RTKs, and different genes are missing in several fish sublineages. The RTK gene family presents an unusual high gene retention rate from the vertebrate WGDs (58.75% after 1R/2R, 64.4% after 3R), resulting in an expansion that might be correlated with the evolution of complexity of vertebrate cellular communication and intracellular signaling.
The incidence of malignant melanoma continues to increase each year with poor prognosis for survival in many relapse cases. To reverse this trend, whole body response measures are needed to discover collaborative paths to primary and secondary malignancy. Several species of fish provide excellent melanoma models because fish and human melanocytes both appear in the epidermis, and fish and human pigment cell tumors share conserved gene expression signatures. For the first time, we have examined the whole body transcriptome response to invasive melanoma as a prelude to using transcriptome profiling to screen for drugs in a medaka (Oryzias latipes) model. We generated RNA-seq data from whole body RNA isolates for controls and melanoma fish. After testing for differential expression, 396 genes had significantly different expression (adjusted p-value <0.02) in the whole body transcriptome between melanoma and control fish; 379 of these genes were matched to human orthologs with 233 having annotated human gene symbols and 14 matched genes that contain putative deleterious variants in human melanoma at varying levels of recurrence. A detailed canonical pathway evaluation for significant enrichment showed the top scoring pathway to be antigen presentation but also included the expected melanocyte development and pigmentation signaling pathway. Results revealed a profound down-regulation of genes involved in the immune response, especially the innate immune system. We hypothesize that the developing melanoma actively suppresses the immune system responses of the body in reacting to the invasive malignancy, and that this mal-adaptive response contributes to disease progression, a result that suggests our whole-body transcriptomic approach merits further use. In these findings, we also observed novel genes not yet identified in human melanoma expression studies and uncovered known and new candidate drug targets for further testing in this malignant melanoma medaka model.
Which home for coelacanth?
(1993)
The extinction of species is a non‐random process, and understanding why some species are more likely to go extinct than others is critical for conservation efforts. Functional trait‐based approaches offer a promising tool to achieve this goal. In forests, deadwood‐dependent (saproxylic) beetles comprise a major part of threatened species, but analyses of their extinction risk have been hindered by the availability of suitable morphological traits.
To better understand the mechanisms underlying extinction in insects, we investigated the relationships between morphological features and the extinction risk of saproxylic beetles. Specifically, we hypothesised that species darker in colour, with a larger and rounder body, a lower mobility, lower sensory perception and more robust mandibles are at higher risk.
We first developed a protocol for morphological trait measurements and present a database of 37 traits for 1,157 European saproxylic beetle species. Based on 13 selected, independent traits characterising aspects of colour, body shape, locomotion, sensory perception and foraging, we used a proportional‐odds multiple linear mixed‐effects model to model the German Red List categories of 744 species as an ordinal index of extinction risk.
Six out of 13 traits correlated significantly with extinction risk. Larger species as well as species with a broad and round body had a higher extinction risk than small, slim and flattened species. Species with short wings had a higher extinction risk than those with long wings. On the contrary, extinction risk increased with decreasing wing load and with higher mandibular aspect ratio (shorter and more robust mandibles).
Our study provides new insights into how morphological traits, beyond the widely used body size, determine the extinction risk of saproxylic beetles. Moreover, our approach shows that the morphological characteristics of beetles can be comprehensively represented by a selection of 13 traits. We recommend them as a starting point for functional analyses in the rapidly growing field of ecological and conservation studies of deadwood.
Monarch butterflies rely on external cues for orientation during their annual long-distance migration from Northern US and Canada to Central Mexico. These external cues can be celestial cues, such as the sun or polarized light, which are processed in a brain region termed the central complex (CX). Previous research typically focused on how individual simulated celestial cues are encoded in the butterfly's CX. However, in nature, the butterflies perceive several celestial cues at the same time and need to integrate them to effectively use the compound of all cues for orientation. In addition, a recent behavioral study revealed that monarch butterflies can rely on terrestrial cues, such as the panoramic skyline, for orientation and use them in combination with the sun to maintain a directed flight course. How the CX encodes a combination of celestial and terrestrial cues and how they are weighted in the butterfly's CX is still unknown. Here, we examined how input neurons of the CX, termed TL neurons, combine celestial and terrestrial information. While recording intracellularly from the neurons, we presented a sun stimulus and polarized light to the butterflies as well as a simulated sun and a panoramic scene simultaneously. Our results show that celestial cues are integrated linearly in these cells, while the combination of the sun and a panoramic skyline did not always follow a linear integration of action potential rates. Interestingly, while the sun and polarized light were invariantly weighted between individual neurons, the sun stimulus and panoramic skyline were dynamically weighted when both stimuli were simultaneously presented. Taken together, this dynamic weighting between celestial and terrestrial cues may allow the butterflies to flexibly set their cue preference during navigation.
Eclosion in flies and other insects is a circadian-gated behaviour under control of a central and a peripheral clock. It is not influenced by the motivational state of an animal, and thus presents an ideal paradigm to study the relation and signalling pathways between central and peripheral clocks, and downstream peptidergic regulatory systems. Little is known, however, about eclosion rhythmicity under natural conditions, and research into this direction is hampered by the physically closed design of current eclosion monitoring systems.
We describe a novel open eclosion monitoring system (WEclMon) that allows the puparia to come into direct contact with light, temperature and humidity. We demonstrate that the system can be used both in the laboratory and outdoors, and shows a performance similar to commercial closed funnel-type monitors. Data analysis is semi-automated based on a macro toolset for the open imaging software Fiji. Due to its open design, the WEclMon is also well suited for optogenetic experiments. A small screen to identify putative neuroendocrine signals mediating time from the central clock to initiate eclosion showed that optogenetic activation of ETH-, EH and myosuppressin neurons can induce precocious eclosion. Genetic ablation of myosuppressin-expressing neurons did, however, not affect eclosion rhythmicity.
Abstract: Intensification of land-use in agricultural landscapes is responsible for a decline of biodiversity which provide important ecosystem services like pest-control. Changes in landscape composition may also induce behavioural changes of predators in response to variation in the biotic or abiotic environment. By controlling for environmentally confounding factors, we here demonstrate that the orb web spider Araneus diadematus alters its web building behaviour in response to changes in the composition of agricultural landscapes. Thereby, the species increases its foraging efficiency (i.e. investments in silk and web asymmetry) with an increase of agricultural land-use at intermediate spatial scales. This intensification is also related to a decrease in the abundance of larger prey. A negative effect of landscape properties at similar spatial scales on spider fitness was recorded when controlling for relative investments in capture thread length. This study consequently documents the web building flexibility in response to changes in landscape composition, possibly due to changes in prey availability.
As one of the disciplines of systems biology, proteomics is central to enabling the elucidation of protein function within the cell; furthermore, the question of how to deduce protein structure and function from the genetic readout has gained new significance. This problem is of particular relevance for proteins engaged in cell signalling. In dealing with this question, I shall critically comment on the reliability and predictability of transmission and translation of the genetic blue print into the phenotype, the protein. Based on this information, I will then evaluate the intentions and goals of today’s proteomics and gene-networking and appraise their chances of success. Some of the themes commented on in this publication are explored in greater detail with particular emphasis on the historical roots of concepts and techniques in my forthcoming book, published in German: Von Molekülen zu Zellen. 100 Jahre experimentelle Biologie. Betrachtungen eines Biochemikers
Climate warming has the potential to disrupt plant-pollinator interactions or to increase competition of co-flowering plants for pollinators, due to species-specific phenological responses to temperature. However, studies focusing on the effect of temperature on solitary bee emergence and the flowering onset of their food plants under natural conditions are still rare. We studied the effect of temperature on the phenology of the two spring bees Osmia cornuta and Osmia bicornis, by placing bee cocoons on eleven grasslands differing in mean site temperature. On seven grasslands, we additionally studied the effect of temperature on the phenology of the red-list plant Pulsatilla vulgaris, which was the first flowering plant, and of co-flowering plants with later flowering. With a warming of 0.1°C, the abundance-weighted mean emergence of O. cornuta males advanced by 0.4 days. Females of both species did not shift their emergence. Warmer temperatures advanced the abundance-weighted mean flowering of P. vulgaris by 1.3 days per 0.1°C increase, but did not shift flowering onset of co-flowering plants. Competition for pollinators between P. vulgaris and co-flowering plants does not increase within the studied temperature range. We demonstrate that temperature advances plant flowering more strongly than bee emergence suggesting an increased risk of pollinator limitation for the first flowers of P. vulgaris.
Vögel am Roten Meer
(1965)
No abstract available
Vogelzwerge des Waldes
(1964)
No abstract available
No abstract available
Honeybees can easily be trained to perform different types of discrimination tasks under controlled laboratory conditions. This review describes a range of experiments carried out with free-flying forager honeybees under such conditions. The research done over the past 30 or so years suggests that cognitive abilities (learning and perception) in insects are more intricate and flexible than was originally imagined. It has become apparent that honeybees are capable of a variety of visually guided tasks, involving decision making under challenging situations: this includes simultaneously making use of different sensory modalities, such as vision and olfaction, and learning to use abstract concepts such as “sameness” and “difference.” Many studies have shown that decision making in foraging honeybees is highly flexible. The trained animals learn how to solve a task, and do so with a high accuracy, but when they are presented with a new variation of the task, they apply the learnt rules from the earlier setup to the new situation, and solve the new task as well. Honeybees therefore not only feature a rich behavioral repertoire to choose from, but also make decisions most apt to the current situation. The experiments in this review give an insight into the environmental cues and cognitive resources that are probably highly significant for a forager bee that must continually make decisions regarding patches of resources to be exploited.
Under the intluence of 5-tluoro-uridine, the ultrastructure of the rDNA transcription units in Xenopus oocytes is altered. Whereas part of the matrix units maintains anormal aspect or shows various degrees of inhibition, in a strong proportion of the transcription units the alternating pattern of matrix units and fibril-free spacer regions is no longer recognized. Transcriptional complexes are found along the entire DNP axis, including the regions of the spacers. These observations support biochemical data on transcription in rDNA spacer region.
Strains of the food-borne pathogen Listeria (L.) monocytogenes have diverse virulence potential. This study focused on the virulence of three outbreak strains: the CC1 strain PF49 (serovar 4b) from a cheese-associated outbreak in Switzerland, the clinical CC2 strain F80594 (serovar 4b), and strain G6006 (CC3, serovar 1/2a), responsible for a large gastroenteritis outbreak in the USA due to chocolate milk. We analysed the genomes and characterized the virulence in vitro and in vivo. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a high conservation of the major virulence genes. Minor deviations of the gene contents were found in the autolysins Ami, Auto, and IspC. Moreover, different ActA variants were present. Strain PF49 and F80594 showed prolonged survival in the liver of infected mice. Invasion and intracellular proliferation were similar for all strains, but the CC1 and CC2 strains showed increased spreading in intestinal epithelial Caco2 cells compared to strain G6006. Overall, this study revealed long-term survival of serovar 4b strains F80594 and PF49 in the liver of mice. Future work will be needed to determine the genes and molecular mechanism behind the long-term survival of L. monocytogenes strains in organs.
Background
Neisseria meningitidis is a naturally transformable, facultative pathogen colonizing the human nasopharynx. Here, we analyze on a genome-wide level the impact of recombination on gene-complement diversity and virulence evolution in N. meningitidis. We combined comparative genome hybridization using microarrays (mCGH) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 29 meningococcal isolates with computational comparison of a subset of seven meningococcal genome sequences.
Principal Findings
We found that lateral gene transfer of minimal mobile elements as well as prophages are major forces shaping meningococcal population structure. Extensive gene content comparison revealed novel associations of virulence with genetic elements besides the recently discovered meningococcal disease associated (MDA) island. In particular, we identified an association of virulence with a recently described canonical genomic island termed IHT-E and a differential distribution of genes encoding RTX toxin- and two-partner secretion systems among hyperinvasive and non-hyperinvasive lineages. By computationally screening also the core genome for signs of recombination, we provided evidence that about 40% of the meningococcal core genes are affected by recombination primarily within metabolic genes as well as genes involved in DNA replication and repair. By comparison with the results of previous mCGH studies, our data indicated that genetic structuring as revealed by mCGH is stable over time and highly similar for isolates from different geographic origins.
Conclusions
Recombination comprising lateral transfer of entire genes as well as homologous intragenic recombination has a profound impact on meningococcal population structure and genome composition. Our data support the hypothesis that meningococcal virulence is polygenic in nature and that differences in metabolism might contribute to virulence.
To fire action-potential-like electrical signals, the vacuole membrane requires the two-pore channel TPC1, formerly called SV channel. The TPC1/SV channel functions as a depolarization-stimulated, non-selective cation channel that is inhibited by luminal Ca\(^{2+}\). In our search for species-dependent functional TPC1 channel variants with different luminal Ca\(^{2+}\) sensitivity, we found in total three acidic residues present in Ca\(^{2+}\) sensor sites 2 and 3 of the Ca\(^{2+}\)-sensitive AtTPC1 channel from Arabidopsis thaliana that were neutral in its Vicia faba ortholog and also in those of many other Fabaceae. When expressed in the Arabidopsis AtTPC1-loss-of-function background, wild-type VfTPC1 was hypersensitive to vacuole depolarization and only weakly sensitive to blocking luminal Ca\(^{2+}\). When AtTPC1 was mutated for these VfTPC1-homologous polymorphic residues, two neutral substitutions in Ca\(^{2+}\) sensor site 3 alone were already sufficient for the Arabidopsis At-VfTPC1 channel mutant to gain VfTPC1-like voltage and luminal Ca\(^{2+}\) sensitivity that together rendered vacuoles hyperexcitable. Thus, natural TPC1 channel variants exist in plant families which may fine-tune vacuole excitability and adapt it to environmental settings of the particular ecological niche.
Although the concept of botanical carnivory has been known since Darwin's time, the molecular mechanisms that allow animal feeding remain unknown, primarily due to a complete lack of genomic information. Here, we show that the transcriptomic landscape of the Dionaea trap is dramatically shifted toward signal transduction and nutrient transport upon insect feeding, with touch hormone signaling and protein secretion prevailing. At the same time, a massive induction of general defense responses is accompanied by the repression of cell death-related genes/processes. We hypothesize that the carnivory syndrome of Dionaea evolved by exaptation of ancient defense pathways, replacing cell death with nutrient acquisition.
Transmission of Trypanosoma brucei by tsetse flies involves the deposition of the cell cycle-arrested metacyclic life cycle stage into mammalian skin at the site of the fly’s bite. We introduce an advanced human skin equivalent and use tsetse flies to naturally infect the skin with trypanosomes. We detail the chronological order of the parasites’ development in the skin by single-cell RNA sequencing and find a rapid activation of metacyclic trypanosomes and differentiation to proliferative parasites. Here we show that after the establishment of a proliferative population, the parasites enter a reversible quiescent state characterized by slow replication and a strongly reduced metabolism. We term these quiescent trypanosomes skin tissue forms, a parasite population that may play an important role in maintaining the infection over long time periods and in asymptomatic infected individuals.
Floral nectar is considered the most important floral reward for attracting pollinators. It contains large amounts of carbohydrates besides variable concentrations of amino acids and thus represents an important food source for many pollinators. Its nutrient content and composition can, however, strongly vary within and between plant species. The factors driving this variation in nectar quality are still largely unclear.
We investigated factors underlying interspecific variation in macronutrient composition of floral nectar in 34 different grassland plant species. Specifically, we tested for correlations between the phylogenetic relatedness and morphology of plants and the carbohydrate (C) and total amino acid (AA) composition and C:AA ratios of nectar.
We found that compositions of carbohydrates and (essential) amino acids as well as C:AA ratios in nectar varied significantly within and between plant species. They showed no clear phylogenetic signal. Moreover, variation in carbohydrate composition was related to family‐specific structural characteristics and combinations of morphological traits. Plants with nectar‐exposing flowers, bowl‐ or parabolic‐shaped flowers, as often found in the Apiaceae and Asteraceae, had nectar with higher proportions of hexoses, indicating a selective pressure to decelerate evaporation by increasing nectar osmolality.
Our study suggests that variation in nectar nutrient composition is, among others, affected by family‐specific combinations of morphological traits. However, even within species, variation in nectar quality is high. As nectar quality can strongly affect visitation patterns of pollinators and thus pollination success, this intra‐ and interspecific variation requires more studies to fully elucidate the underlying causes and the consequences for pollinator behaviour.
More recently, it became clear that conclusions drawn from traditional ecological theory may be altered substantially if the spatial dimension of species interactions is considered explicitly. Regardless of the details of these models, spatially explicit simulations of ecological processes have nearly universally shown that spatial or spatio-temporal patterns in species distributions can emerge even from homogeneous starting conditions; limited dispersal is one of the key factors responsible for the development of such aggregated and patchy distributions (cf., Pacala 1986, Holmes et al. 1994, Molofsky 1994, Tilman 1994, Bascompte and Sole 1995, 1997, 1998, Jeltsch et al. 1999). In line with these ideas, we wish to draw attention to the fact that in heterogeneous landscapes differences in characteristic dispersal distances between species are a sufficient precondition for the emergence of a successional pattern. We will use a simple, spatially explicit simulation program to demonstrate the validity of this statement. We will also show that the speed of the successional progress depends on scale and heterogeneity in the distribution of suitable habitat.
Background
Valid indicators are required to measure surgical quality. These ideally should be sensitive and selective while being easy to understand and adjust. We propose here the MTL30 quality indicator which takes into account 30-day mortality, transfer within 30 days, and a length of stay of 30 days as composite markers of an uneventful operative/postoperative course.
Methods
Patients documented in the StuDoQ|Colon and StuDoQ|Rectal carcinoma register of the German Society for General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV) were analyzed with regard to the effects of patient and tumor-related risk factors as well as postoperative complications on the MTL30.
Results
In univariate analysis, the MTL30 correlated significantly with patient and tumor-related risk factors such as ASA score (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), or UICC stage (p<0.001). There was a high sensitivity for the postoperative occurrence of complications such as re-operations (p<0.001) or subsequent bleeding (p<0.001), as well as a significant correlation with the CDC classification (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, patient-related risk factors and postoperative complications significantly increased the odds ratio for a positive MTL30. A negative MTL30 showed a high specify for an uneventful operative and postoperative course.
Conclusion
The MTL30 is a valid indicator of colorectal surgical quality.
Virotherapy on the basis of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) strains is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Recently, we showed that the oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h68 has a therapeutic potential in treating human prostate and hepatocellular carcinomas in xenografted mice. In this study, we describe the use of dynamic boolean modeling for tumor growth prediction of vaccinia virus-injected human tumors. Antigen profiling data of vaccinia virus GLV-1h68-injected human xenografted mice were obtained, analyzed and used to calculate differences in the tumor growth signaling network by tumor type and gender. Our model combines networks for apoptosis, MAPK, p53, WNT, Hedgehog, the T-killer cell mediated cell death, Interferon and Interleukin signaling networks. The in silico findings conform very well with in vivo findings of tumor growth. Similar to a previously published analysis of vaccinia virus-injected canine tumors, we were able to confirm the suitability of our boolean modeling for prediction of human tumor growth after virus infection in the current study as well. In summary, these findings indicate that our boolean models could be a useful tool for testing of the efficacy of VACV-mediated cancer therapy already before its use in human patients.
Multiple myeloma (MM) represents a haematological cancer characterized by the pathological hyper proliferation of antibody-producing B-lymphocytes. Patients typically suffer from kidney malfunction and skeletal disorders. In the context of MM, the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) member Activin A was recently identified as a promoter of both accompanying symptoms. Because studies have shown that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-mediated activities are counteracted by Activin A, we analysed whether BMP2, which also binds to the Activin A receptors ActRII and ActRIIB but activates the alternative SMAD-1/5/8 pathway, can be used to antagonize Activin A activities, such as in the context of MM. Therefore three BMP2 derivatives were generated with modified binding activities for the type II (ActRIIB) and/or type I receptor (BMPRIA) showing either increased or decreased BMP2 activity. In the context of MM these BMP2 muteins show two functionalities since they act as a) an anti-proliferative/apoptotic agent against neoplastic B-cells, b) as a bone-formation promoting growth factor. The molecular basis of both activities was shown in two different cellular models to clearly rely on the properties of the investigated BMP2 muteins to compete for the binding of Activin A to the Activin type II receptors. The experimental outcome suggests new therapeutic strategies using BMP2 variants in the treatment of MM-related pathologies.
Squamous cell carcinomas are therapeutically challenging tumor entities. Low response rates to radiotherapy and chemotherapy are commonly observed in squamous patients and, accordingly, the mortality rate is relatively high compared to other tumor entities. Recently, targeting USP28 has been emerged as a potential alternative to improve the therapeutic response and clinical outcomes of squamous patients. USP28 is a catalytically active deubiquitinase that governs a plethora of biological processes, including cellular proliferation, DNA damage repair, apoptosis and oncogenesis. In squamous cell carcinoma, USP28 is strongly expressed and stabilizes the essential squamous transcription factor ΔNp63, together with important oncogenic factors, such as NOTCH1, c-MYC and c-JUN. It is presumed that USP28 is an oncoprotein; however, recent data suggest that the deubiquitinase also has an antineoplastic effect regulating important tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53 and CHK2. In this review, we discuss: (1) The emerging role of USP28 in cancer. (2) The complexity and mutational landscape of squamous tumors. (3) The genetic alterations and cellular pathways that determine the function of USP28 in squamous cancer. (4) The development and current state of novel USP28 inhibitors.
Oncogenic transformation of lung epithelial cells is a multistep process, frequently starting with the inactivation of tumour suppressors and subsequent development of activating mutations in proto-oncogenes, such as members of the PI3K or MAPK families. Cells undergoing transformation have to adjust to changes, including altered metabolic requirements. This is achieved, in part, by modulating the protein abundance of transcription factors. Here, we report that the ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 28 (USP28) enables oncogenic reprogramming by regulating the protein abundance of proto-oncogenes such as c-JUN, c-MYC, NOTCH and ∆NP63 at early stages of malignant transformation. USP28 levels are increased in cancer compared with in normal cells due to a feed-forward loop, driven by increased amounts of oncogenic transcription factors such as c-MYC and c-JUN. Irrespective of oncogenic driver, interference with USP28 abundance or activity suppresses growth and survival of transformed lung cells. Furthermore, inhibition of USP28 via a small-molecule inhibitor resets the proteome of transformed cells towards a ‘premalignant’ state, and its inhibition synergizes with clinically established compounds used to target EGFR\(^{L858R}\)-, BRAF\(^{V600E}\)- or PI3K\(^{H1047R}\)-driven tumour cells. Targeting USP28 protein abundance at an early stage via inhibition of its activity is therefore a feasible strategy for the treatment of early-stage lung tumours, and the observed synergism with current standard-of-care inhibitors holds the potential for improved targeting of established tumours.
Using Expansion Microscopy to Visualize and Characterize the Morphology of Mitochondrial Cristae
(2020)
Mitochondria are double membrane bound organelles indispensable for biological processes such as apoptosis, cell signaling, and the production of many important metabolites, which includes ATP that is generated during the process known as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The inner membrane contains folds called cristae, which increase the membrane surface and thus the amount of membrane-bound proteins necessary for the OXPHOS. These folds have been of great interest not only because of their importance for energy conversion, but also because changes in morphology have been linked to a broad range of diseases from cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, to aging and infection. With a distance between opposing cristae membranes often below 100 nm, conventional fluorescence imaging cannot provide a resolution sufficient for resolving these structures. For this reason, various highly specialized super-resolution methods including dSTORM, PALM, STED, and SIM have been applied for cristae visualization. Expansion Microscopy (ExM) offers the possibility to perform super-resolution microscopy on conventional confocal microscopes by embedding the sample into a swellable hydrogel that is isotropically expanded by a factor of 4–4.5, improving the resolution to 60–70 nm on conventional confocal microscopes, which can be further increased to ∼ 30 nm laterally using SIM. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of the mitochondrial creatine kinase MtCK linked to marker protein GFP (MtCK-GFP), which localizes to the space between the outer and the inner mitochondrial membrane, can be used as a cristae marker. Applying ExM on mitochondria labeled with this construct enables visualization of morphological changes of cristae and localization studies of mitochondrial proteins relative to cristae without the need for specialized setups. For the first time we present the combination of specific mitochondrial intermembrane space labeling and ExM as a tool for studying internal structure of mitochondria.
Increasing human land use for agriculture and housing leads to the loss of natural habitat and to widespread declines in wild bees. Bee foraging dynamics and fitness depend on the availability of resources in the surrounding landscape, but how precisely landscape related resource differences affect bee foraging patterns remains unclear. To investigate how landscape and its interaction with season and weather drive foraging and resource intake in social bees, we experimentally compared foraging activity, the allocation of foragers to different resources (pollen, nectar, and resin) and overall resource intake in the Australian stingless bee Tetragonula carbonaria (Apidae, Meliponini). Bee colonies were monitored in different seasons over two years. We compared foraging patterns and resource intake between the bees' natural habitat (forests) and two landscapes differently altered by humans (suburban gardens and agricultural macadamia plantations). We found foraging activity as well as pollen and nectar forager numbers to be highest in suburban gardens, intermediate in forests and low in plantations. Foraging patterns further differed between seasons, but seasonal variations strongly differed between landscapes. Sugar and pollen intake was low in plantations, but contrary with our predictions, it was even higher in gardens than in forests. In contrast, resin intake was similar across landscapes. Consequently, differences in resource availability between natural and altered landscapes strongly affect foraging patterns and thus resource intake in social bees. While agricultural monocultures largely reduce foraging success, suburban gardens can increase resource intake well above rates found in natural habitats of bees, indicating that human activities can both decrease and increase the availability of resources in a landscape and thus reduce or enhance bee fitness.
Introduction The fast, precise, and accurate measurement of the new generation of oral anticoagulants such as dabigatran and rivaroxaban in patients' plasma my provide important information in different clinical circumstances such as in the case of suspicion of overdose, when patients switch from existing oral anticoagulant, in patients with hepatic or renal impairment, by concomitant use of interaction drugs, or to assess anticoagulant concentration in patients' blood before major surgery. Methods Here, we describe a quick and precise method to measure the coagulation inhibitors dabigatran and rivaroxaban using ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode (UPLC-MRM MS). Internal standards (ISs) were added to the sample and after protein precipitation; the sample was separated on a reverse phase column. After ionization of the analytes the ions were detected using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Run time was 2.5 minutes per injection. Ion suppression was characterized by means of post-column infusion. Results The calibration curves of dabigatran and rivaroxaban were linear over the working range between 0.8 and 800 mu g/L (r > 0.99). Limits of detection (LOD) in the plasma matrix were 0.21 mu g/L for dabigatran and 0.34 mu g/L for rivaroxaban, and lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) in the plasma matrix were 0.46 mu g/L for dabigatran and 0.54 mu g/L for rivaroxaban. The intraassay coefficients of variation (CVs) for dabigatran and rivaroxaban were < 4% and 6%; respectively, the interassay CVs were < 6% for dabigatran and < 9% for rivaroxaban. Inaccuracy was < 5% for both substances. The mean recovery was 104.5% (range 83.8-113.0%) for dabigatran and 87.0%(range 73.6-105.4%) for rivaroxaban. No significant ion suppressions were detected at the elution times of dabigatran or rivaroxaban. Both coagulation inhibitors were stable in citrate plasma at -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C and even at RT for at least one week. A method comparison between our UPLC-MRM MS method, the commercially available automated Direct Thrombin Inhibitor assay (DTI assay) for dabigatran measurement from CoaChrom Diagnostica, as well as the automated anti-Xa assay for rivaroxaban measurement from Chromogenix both performed by ACL-TOP showed a high degree of correlation. However, UPLC-MRM MS measurement of dabigatran and rivaroxaban has a much better selectivity than classical functional assays measuring activities of various coagulation factors which are susceptible to interference by other coagulant drugs. Conclusions Overall, we developed and validated a sensitive and specific UPLC-MRM MS assay for the quick and specific measurement of dabigatran and rivaroxaban in human plasma.
The desert isopod, Hemilepistus reaumuri, extremely common in the arid regions of North Africa and Asia Minor, depends upon the burrows it itself digs for survival during the hotter parts of the year. The dig-ging of new burrows is limited by chmatic conditions to a short period during the spring. Burrows must be constantly defendet - especially against roving eonspecifics. The decisive problem of a connnuous burrow defense is solved through cooperative behavior: the adult woodlice form monogamous pairs whose partners recognize one another individually. Here, questions on the binding of partners, especially the problem of the binding of male to female will be treated upon, along with questions on the evolution of monogamy, wherein the purely maternal families of Porcellio species will be taken as models for intermediäre stages. At first, males olHemilepistus are not permitted to copulate at all; later, for a relatively long period, they are only permitted incomplete copulations, the females alone have control over the partunal ecdysis; they alone determine the moment of final copulations. Under the thermal conditions prevalent during the season of pair formation, a female irreversibly induces a parturial ecdysis only when it has spent a minimum of sev-eral days in her own burrow with a specific male. At higher average temperatures, the number of females which undergo parturial ecdyses without these preconditions increases sharply. Males cannot greatly lnrlu-ence the willingness of females to reproduce with the investment they make in the digging of burrows; the factors deciding this are the male's presence and its role as guard. The first condition necessary for the genesis of monogamy might have been the evolution of a stncüy lo-cation-dependent copulatory behavior, which guaranteed the male exclusive mating pnveliges with the female whose location - the burrow - he acheived control of. A male must, under these conditions, serve guard duty in his own interest, and defend the burrow against competitors (Cf or 2) seeking an already-dug burrow. The decisive advantage for the female in the beginning of the development was probably that she could leave the burrow for extended feeding excursions, whereas alone it would have to either completely forego nourishment or, as is the case with the Porcellio species mentioned, must greatly restrict the spectrum of food that it can use (to that which is to be found only a short distance from the burrow and which can eas-ily be carried inside the burrow). This could be a disadvantage, especially during egg production. Necessary to the male's successful defense of the burrow is that he recognises his female. Studies of the Canary Island Porcellio species have shown over which pathways and under what selection pressures the recopinon of individuals, as is realized mHemilepistus, could have evolved. Females can bind males longer, the longer the period of their attraction is extended: Females olHemilepistus reaumuri have been proven to be al·ready att-ractive before they are ready to copulate and still remain attractive after they have copulated. The conse-quences of the last fact will be discussed. The question of why the males remain with the females after the parturial ecdysis will also be discussed: The great danger to the male's investment resulting from a tooi early abandoning, and the low probability of successfully finding another partner after a later abandomng should prevent a positive balance in the males' cost-effecriveness calculations.
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are hypothesized to possess molecular mobility over a wide temporal range. Until now the temporal range has not been fully accessible due to the crucially limited temporal range of available methods. This in turn, may lead relevant dynamic constants to remain masked. Here, we expand this dynamic range by combining fluorescent techniques using a spot confocal setup. We decipher mobility constants of β\(_{2}\)-adrenergic receptor over a wide time range (nanosecond to second). Particularly, a translational mobility (10 µm\(^{2}\)/s), one order of magnitude faster than membrane associated lateral mobility that explains membrane protein turnover and suggests a wider picture of the GPCR availability on the plasma membrane. And a so far elusive rotational mobility (1-200 µs) which depicts a previously overlooked dynamic component that, despite all complexity, behaves largely as predicted by the Saffman-Delbrück model.
Usher syndrome, the most prevalent cause of combined hereditary vision and hearing impairment, is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Moreover, several conditions with phenotypes overlapping Usher syndrome have been described. This makes the molecular diagnosis of hereditary deaf-blindness challenging. Here, we performed exome sequencing and analysis on 7 Mexican and 52 Iranian probands with combined retinal degeneration and hearing impairment (without intellectual disability). Clinical assessment involved ophthalmological examination and hearing loss questionnaire. Usher syndrome, most frequently due to biallelic variants in MYO7A (USH1B in 16 probands), USH2A (17 probands), and ADGRV1 (USH2C in 7 probands), was diagnosed in 44 of 59 (75%) unrelated probands. Almost half of the identified variants were novel. Nine of 59 (15%) probands displayed other genetic entities with dual sensory impairment, including Alström syndrome (3 patients), cone-rod dystrophy and hearing loss 1 (2 probands), and Heimler syndrome (1 patient). Unexpected findings included one proband each with Scheie syndrome, coenzyme Q10 deficiency, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum. In four probands, including three Usher cases, dual sensory impairment was either modified/aggravated or caused by variants in distinct genes associated with retinal degeneration and/or hearing loss. The overall diagnostic yield of whole exome analysis in our deaf-blind cohort was 92%. Two (3%) probands were partially solved and only 3 (5%) remained without any molecular diagnosis. In many cases, the molecular diagnosis is important to guide genetic counseling, to support prognostic outcomes and decisions with currently available and evolving treatment modalities.
Unique features of a global human ectoparasite identified through sequencing of the bed bug genome
(2016)
The bed bug, Cimex lectularius, has re-established itself as a ubiquitous human ectoparasite throughout much of the world during the past two decades. This global resurgence is likely linked to increased international travel and commerce in addition to widespread insecticide resistance. Analyses of the C. lectularius sequenced genome (650 Mb) and 14,220 predicted protein-coding genes provide a comprehensive representation of genes that are linked to traumatic insemination, a reduced chemosensory repertoire of genes related to obligate hematophagy, host–symbiont interactions, and several mechanisms of insecticide resistance. In addition, we document the presence of multiple putative lateral gene transfer events. Genome sequencing and annotation establish a solid foundation for future research on mechanisms of insecticide resistance, human–bed bug and symbiont–bed bug associations, and unique features of bed bug biology that contribute to the unprecedented success of C. lectularius as a human ectoparasite.
African trypanosomes cause sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cattle. These unicellular parasites are transmitted by the bloodsucking tsetse fly. In the mammalian host’s circulation, proliferating slender stage cells differentiate into cell cycle-arrested stumpy stage cells when they reach high population densities. This stage transition is thought to fulfil two main functions: first, it auto-regulates the parasite load in the host; second, the stumpy stage is regarded as the only stage capable of successful vector transmission. Here, we show that proliferating slender stage trypanosomes express the mRNA and protein of a known stumpy stage marker, complete the complex life cycle in the fly as successfully as the stumpy stage, and require only a single parasite for productive infection. These findings suggest a reassessment of the traditional view of the trypanosome life cycle. They may also provide a solution to a long-lasting paradox, namely the successful transmission of parasites in chronic infections, despite low parasitemia.
The rapid appearance of resistant malarial parasites after introduction of atovaquone (ATQ) drug has prompted the search for new drugs as even single point mutations in the active site of Cytochrome b protein can rapidly render ATQ ineffective. The presence of Y268 mutations in the Cytochrome b (Cyt b) protein is previously suggested to be responsible for the ATQ resistance in Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). In this study, we examined the resistance mechanism against ATQ in P. falciparum through computational methods. Here, we reported a reliable protein model of Cyt bc1 complex containing Cyt b and the Iron-Sulphur Protein (ISP) of P. falciparum using composite modeling method by combining threading, ab initio modeling and atomic-level structure refinement approaches. The molecular dynamics simulations suggest that Y268S mutation causes ATQ resistance by reducing hydrophobic interactions between Cyt bc1 protein complex and ATQ. Moreover, the important histidine contact of ATQ with the ISP chain is also lost due to Y268S mutation. We noticed the induced mutation alters the arrangement of active site residues in a fashion that enforces ATQ to find its new stable binding site far away from the wild-type binding pocket. The MM-PBSA calculations also shows that the binding affinity of ATQ with Cyt bc1 complex is enough to hold it at this new site that ultimately leads to the ATQ resistance.
1. Species assemblages of naturally disturbed habitats are governed by the prevailing disturbance regime. Consequently, stochastic flood events affect river banks and the inhabiting biota. Predatory arthropods occupy predominantly river banks in relation to specific habitat conditions. Therefore, species sorting and stochastic processes as induced by flooding are supposed to play important roles in structuring riparian arthropod assemblages in relation to their habitat preference and dispersal ability. 2. To ascertain whether assemblages of spiders and carabid beetles from disturbed river banks are structured by stochastic or sorting mechanisms, diversity patterns and assemblage-wide trait-displacements were assessed based on pitfall sampling data. We tested if flooding disturbance within a lowland river reach affects diversity patterns and trait distribution in both groups. 3. Whereas the number of riparian spider species decreased considerably with increased flooding, carabid beetle diversity benefited from intermediate degrees of flooding. Moreover, regression analyses revealed trait-displacements, reflecting sorting mechanisms particularly for spiders. Increased flooding disturbance was associated with assemblage-wide increases of niche breadth, shading and hygrophilic preference and ballooning propensity for spider (sub)families. Trait patterns were comparable for Bembidiini carabids, but were less univocal for Pterostichini species. Body size decreased for lycosid spiders and Bembidiini carabids with increased flooding, but increased in linyphiid spiders and Pterostichini carabids. 4. Our results indicate that mainly riparian species are disfavoured by either too high or too low degrees of disturbance, whereas eurytopic species benefit from increased flooding. Anthropogenic alterations of flooding disturbance constrain the distribution of common hygrophilous species and/or species with high dispersal ability, inducing shifts towards less specialized arthropod assemblages. River banks with divergent degrees of flooding impact should be maintained throughout dynamic lowland river reaches in order to preserve typical riparian arthropod assemblages.
Understanding extinction debts: spatio-temporal scales, mechanisms and a roadmap for future research
(2019)
Extinction debt refers to delayed species extinctions expected as a consequence of ecosystem perturbation. Quantifying such extinctions and investigating long‐term consequences of perturbations has proven challenging, because perturbations are not isolated and occur across various spatial and temporal scales, from local habitat losses to global warming. Additionally, the relative importance of eco‐evolutionary processes varies across scales, because levels of ecological organization, i.e. individuals, (meta)populations and (meta)communities, respond hierarchically to perturbations. To summarize our current knowledge of the scales and mechanisms influencing extinction debts, we reviewed recent empirical, theoretical and methodological studies addressing either the spatio–temporal scales of extinction debts or the eco‐evolutionary mechanisms delaying extinctions. Extinction debts were detected across a range of ecosystems and taxonomic groups, with estimates ranging from 9 to 90% of current species richness. The duration over which debts have been sustained varies from 5 to 570 yr, and projections of the total period required to settle a debt can extend to 1000 yr. Reported causes of delayed extinctions are 1) life‐history traits that prolong individual survival, and 2) population and metapopulation dynamics that maintain populations under deteriorated conditions. Other potential factors that may extend survival time such as microevolutionary dynamics, or delayed extinctions of interaction partners, have rarely been analyzed. Therefore, we propose a roadmap for future research with three key avenues: 1) the microevolutionary dynamics of extinction processes, 2) the disjunctive loss of interacting species and 3) the impact of multiple regimes of perturbation on the payment of debts. For their ability to integrate processes occurring at different levels of ecological organization, we highlight mechanistic simulation models as tools to address these knowledge gaps and to deepen our understanding of extinction dynamics.