Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (1345)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (1345)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (1345) (remove)
Keywords
- Biochemie (80)
- Physiologische Chemie (48)
- Biologie (30)
- biodiversity (23)
- evolution (20)
- gene expression (17)
- Cytologie (14)
- cancer (14)
- foraging (14)
- Apis mellifera (13)
- bees (13)
- honey bees (13)
- circadian clock (12)
- climate change (11)
- honeybee (11)
- metabolism (11)
- Drosophila melanogaster (10)
- apoptosis (10)
- biology (10)
- expression (10)
- Schwertkärpfling (9)
- ants (9)
- infection (9)
- insects (9)
- land use (9)
- mushroom body (9)
- olfaction (9)
- pollination (9)
- DNA damage (8)
- DNA methylation (8)
- Drosophila (8)
- SARS-CoV-2 (8)
- autophagy (8)
- colorectal cancer (8)
- diversity (8)
- ecosystem services (8)
- forest management (8)
- melanoma (8)
- membrane proteins (8)
- pollen (8)
- transcriptome (8)
- vision (8)
- Trypanosoma (7)
- Trypanosoma brucei (7)
- Xiphophorus (7)
- central complex (7)
- cytoskeleton (7)
- differentiation (7)
- fungi (7)
- global change (7)
- insect (7)
- memory (7)
- nutrition (7)
- protein (7)
- species richness (7)
- super-resolution microscopy (7)
- transcription (7)
- Chrysomelidae (6)
- DNA (6)
- Zoologie (6)
- active zone (6)
- binding (6)
- biomarker (6)
- body size (6)
- brain (6)
- circadian rhythms (6)
- dSTORM (6)
- deadwood (6)
- ecology (6)
- gene (6)
- genetics (6)
- genome (6)
- learning (6)
- lung cancer (6)
- mass spectrometry (6)
- meiosis (6)
- metagenomics (6)
- metapopulation (6)
- mushroom bodies (6)
- neurons (6)
- reveals (6)
- symbiosis (6)
- Alps (5)
- Chlamydia trachomatis (5)
- HeLa cells (5)
- Metapopulation (5)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (5)
- Staphylococcus aureus (5)
- T cells (5)
- antennal lobe (5)
- behavior (5)
- breast cancer (5)
- chemotherapy (5)
- cuticular hydrocarbons (5)
- cytokinins (5)
- cytotoxicity (5)
- database (5)
- drosophila melanogaster (5)
- gene regulation (5)
- in vitro (5)
- leaf-cutting ants (5)
- metastasis (5)
- microbiome (5)
- mouse (5)
- mutualism (5)
- neuroanatomy (5)
- nuclear envelope (5)
- oilseed rape (5)
- p53 (5)
- phosphorylation (5)
- plant-insect interactions (5)
- plasticity (5)
- proteins (5)
- regulation (5)
- resistance (5)
- sequence alignment (5)
- telomeres (5)
- temperature (5)
- virulence (5)
- 3D tissue model (4)
- Biology (4)
- COVID-19 (4)
- ITS2 (4)
- Lepidoptera (4)
- MYC (4)
- Neurospora crassa (4)
- altitudinal gradient (4)
- antibodies (4)
- apis mellifera (4)
- bacterial pathogens (4)
- bioinformatics (4)
- caloric restriction (4)
- cell cycle (4)
- cell death (4)
- cell membranes (4)
- ceramides (4)
- chlamydia (4)
- chromatin (4)
- comparative genomics (4)
- conservation (4)
- cytokines (4)
- developmental biology (4)
- dispersal (4)
- dynamics (4)
- ecosystem function (4)
- endocytosis (4)
- epithelial cells (4)
- functional diversity (4)
- fungal structure (4)
- global warming (4)
- growth (4)
- honeybees (4)
- host cells (4)
- hymenoptera (4)
- identification (4)
- immunoprecipitation (4)
- in-vitro (4)
- individual-based model (4)
- inflammation (4)
- insect brain (4)
- larvae (4)
- mRNA (4)
- machine learning (4)
- medaka (4)
- metabarcoding (4)
- mice (4)
- microRNA (4)
- microglomeruli (4)
- migration (4)
- mitochondria (4)
- molecular biology (4)
- molecular docking (4)
- mutation (4)
- natural disturbance (4)
- neuropeptides (4)
- next generation sequencing (4)
- octopamine (4)
- oncolytic virus (4)
- optogenetics (4)
- phylogenetic trees (4)
- proliferation (4)
- recombination (4)
- reconstruction (4)
- saproxylic beetles (4)
- secondary structure (4)
- social systems (4)
- sphingolipids (4)
- spiders (4)
- toe (4)
- toxicity (4)
- transmission (4)
- Acyrthosiphon pisum (3)
- Ameisen (3)
- Amphibian oocytes (3)
- Aspergillus fumigatus (3)
- Biene (3)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (3)
- Candida albicans (3)
- Chlamydia (3)
- Coleoptera (3)
- DNA replication (3)
- DNA-binding proteins (3)
- Echinococcus (3)
- Electron microscopy (3)
- Epichloë (3)
- Evolution (3)
- Fitness (3)
- Formicidae (3)
- HIV (3)
- HUWE1 (3)
- Hymenoptera (3)
- IL-4 (3)
- Käfer (3)
- LC/MS (3)
- Lolium perenne (3)
- MIZ1 (3)
- MYCN (3)
- Macaranga (3)
- Medizin (3)
- Onkogen (3)
- PER (3)
- Protein-Tyrosin-Kinasen (3)
- RNA (3)
- RNA interference (3)
- Sentinel-2 (3)
- USP28 (3)
- adaptation (3)
- african trypanosomes (3)
- alignment (3)
- altitudinal gradients (3)
- angiogenesis (3)
- animal sociality (3)
- annotation (3)
- antimicrobials (3)
- arabidopsis thaliana (3)
- architecture (3)
- arthropods (3)
- bacteria (3)
- bee decline (3)
- behavioral conditioning (3)
- biogenic amines (3)
- biological locomotion (3)
- blood (3)
- bumblebees (3)
- canola (3)
- carabid beetles (3)
- cell biology (3)
- cell cycle and cell division (3)
- cell differentiation (3)
- ceramide (3)
- chlamydia infection (3)
- chlamydia trachomatis (3)
- cisplatin (3)
- climate (3)
- cognition (3)
- competition (3)
- complex (3)
- cryptochrome (3)
- culture (3)
- cytokinesis (3)
- deadwood enrichment (3)
- decay (3)
- decision making (3)
- decision-making (3)
- development (3)
- diversity gradients (3)
- division of labor (3)
- ecological intensification (3)
- electron microscopy (3)
- feeding (3)
- flowers (3)
- fluorescence microscopy (3)
- fluorescent probes (3)
- forest (3)
- fungal rhodopsins (3)
- gametogenesis (3)
- genomics (3)
- grazing (3)
- habitats (3)
- herbivores (3)
- honey bee (3)
- host-pathogen interaction (3)
- humidity (3)
- imaging (3)
- immune response (3)
- immunoreactive neurons (3)
- in vivo (3)
- infectious diseases (3)
- land-use change (3)
- leukemic cells (3)
- localization microscopy (3)
- luciferase (3)
- malaria (3)
- management (3)
- melanogaster (3)
- membrane potential (3)
- messenger RNA (3)
- metabolomics (3)
- methionine restriction (3)
- methylation (3)
- microbial rhodopsins (3)
- microscopy (3)
- mitosis (3)
- model (3)
- monoclonal antibodies (3)
- mortality (3)
- navigation (3)
- neisseria meningitidis (3)
- nephroblastoma (3)
- nucleolus (3)
- nutrients (3)
- organization (3)
- perception (3)
- photoperiodism (3)
- phylogeny (3)
- pollinator (3)
- prostate cancer (3)
- recruitment (3)
- resolution (3)
- senescence (3)
- sex chromosomes (3)
- sexual selection (3)
- signal transduction (3)
- signaling (3)
- specialization (3)
- spillover (3)
- sucrose responsiveness (3)
- super-resolution (3)
- superresolution (3)
- survival (3)
- synaptic plasticity (3)
- systems biology (3)
- time series (3)
- tool (3)
- transposable elements (3)
- trypanosoma (3)
- tsetse fly (3)
- tumor (3)
- vaccinia virus (3)
- wild bees (3)
- winter wheat (3)
- zebrafish (3)
- "-omics" (2)
- 3D reconstruction (2)
- Acromyrmex fracticornis (2)
- African Trypanosomes (2)
- Annotation (2)
- Anthropocene (2)
- Araneae (2)
- Aspergillus (2)
- Ausbreitung (2)
- B cell receptors (2)
- B lymphocytes (2)
- BBCH (2)
- BMP (2)
- Bacillus (2)
- Bees (2)
- Bioinformatik (2)
- Blattkäfer (2)
- Bordetella pertussis (2)
- Botanik (2)
- Bruchpilot (2)
- C-MYC (2)
- C. elegans (2)
- CRC (2)
- CSF (2)
- Camponotus floridanus (2)
- Cancer (2)
- Chromatin structure (2)
- Circular dichroism (2)
- Climate change (2)
- Computersimulation (2)
- Conservation (2)
- DM-domain gene (2)
- DNA antibodies (2)
- DNA barcoding (2)
- DNA storage (2)
- DNA-PK (2)
- ELISPOT (2)
- ESS (2)
- Eiablage (2)
- Eiparasitismus (2)
- Endosymbiont (2)
- Enzymes (2)
- European beech (2)
- Expansion microscopy (2)
- Fagus sylvatica (2)
- Fish (2)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (2)
- Flussufer (2)
- Frosch (2)
- Fusion proteins (2)
- Galeruca tanaceti (2)
- Gene-expression (2)
- Genetik (2)
- Genome (2)
- Germany (2)
- HPV (2)
- Habitat fragmentation (2)
- Hemolysin (2)
- Hill numbers (2)
- Host-parasite interaction (2)
- Host-parasite interactions (2)
- I-tasser (2)
- IL-2 (2)
- In vitro (2)
- Insects (2)
- Insekten (2)
- Japankärpfling (2)
- Jena Experiment (2)
- Kenyon cells (2)
- Ki67 (2)
- Krebs <Medizin> (2)
- L929 (2)
- LINC complex (2)
- Lampbrush chromosomes (2)
- Lebendgebärende Zahnkarpfen (2)
- MAPK signaling cascades (2)
- Malaysia (2)
- Mechanisms (2)
- Melanom (2)
- Melanoma (2)
- Metabolic pathways (2)
- Microtubules (2)
- Mitochondria (2)
- Mushroom bodies (2)
- NDVI (2)
- NF-KAPPA-B (2)
- NGS (2)
- NOTCH (2)
- Neisseria meningitidis (2)
- Nucleolus (2)
- Olea (2)
- Oocytes (2)
- Oomyzus galerucivorus (2)
- Orthoptera (2)
- PALM (2)
- PCR (2)
- PI3K (2)
- PTEN (2)
- Parasit (2)
- Patterns (2)
- Pflanzenfressende Insekten (2)
- Polymerase chain reaction (2)
- RCC (2)
- RNA secondary structure (2)
- RNA-SEQ data (2)
- RNA-Seq (2)
- RNAseq (2)
- Rectal cancer (2)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2)
- Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV) (2)
- Scarabaeidae (2)
- Serotonin (2)
- Skorpion (2)
- Spermatogenesis (2)
- Squalius alburnoides (2)
- Surgery (2)
- T-cells (2)
- TP53 (2)
- Theoretische Ökologie (2)
- Transcription (2)
- Visualisierung (2)
- WH2 domain (2)
- Wilms tumor (2)
- Wilms tumour (2)
- Wirt (2)
- Y chromosome (2)
- Zebrafish (2)
- abandonment (2)
- abscisic acid (ABA) (2)
- abundance (2)
- acid sphingomyelinase (2)
- actin (2)
- action potentials (2)
- activity rhythm (2)
- acute myeloid leukaemia (2)
- adaption (2)
- agriculture (2)
- agroecology (2)
- agroecosystems (2)
- algorithm (2)
- alternative splicing (2)
- amino acid (2)
- animal behavior (2)
- animal behaviour (2)
- ant (2)
- ant brain (2)
- antigenic variation (2)
- antimicrobial (2)
- auxin (2)
- avoidance learning (2)
- bark beetles (2)
- bats (2)
- bee (2)
- beech forests (2)
- behavioral plasticity (2)
- binding protein (2)
- biodiversity conservation (2)
- biogenesis (2)
- biological techniques (2)
- birds (2)
- blood platelets (2)
- bone morphogenetic proteins (2)
- brain development (2)
- breed predisposition (2)
- butterflies (2)
- c-MYC (2)
- caenorhabditis elegans (2)
- calcium (2)
- cancer cells (2)
- cancer therapy (2)
- cancer treatment (2)
- canine (2)
- canine cancer therapy (2)
- capacitance (2)
- carbon dioxide (2)
- carcinomas (2)
- carpenter ant (2)
- cell binding (2)
- cell proliferation (2)
- cell staining (2)
- cell surface (2)
- cells (2)
- cellular signalling networks (2)
- cerebrospinal fluid (2)
- chemical communication (2)
- chemical mimicry (2)
- chromatin structure (2)
- chronobiology (2)
- circadian rhythm (2)
- cloning (2)
- co-culture (2)
- combination therapy (2)
- communities (2)
- community (2)
- complication (2)
- compound eye (2)
- crosstalk (2)
- dendritic cells (2)
- diapause (2)
- diet (2)
- dispersal ability (2)
- dispersal rate (2)
- distribution (2)
- domain (2)
- drug design (2)
- ecosystem service (2)
- electron tomography (2)
- elevation (2)
- elevation gradient (2)
- endophyte (2)
- endosomes (2)
- engineering (2)
- envelopment (2)
- ethanol (2)
- eugenol (2)
- exome sequencing (2)
- expansion microscopy (2)
- experiment (2)
- extinction risk (2)
- fertility (2)
- fish (2)
- fish model (2)
- fission yeast (2)
- fitness (2)
- flagellar pocket (2)
- flow cytometry (2)
- fluorescence imaging (2)
- fluorescence spectroscopy (2)
- fluorescent proteins (2)
- fluorescent-probes (2)
- flupyradifurone (2)
- forensic neuropathology (2)
- forensic neurotraumatology (2)
- formicidae (2)
- fruit set (2)
- functional analysis (2)
- functional characterization (2)
- functional traits (2)
- fungal pathogens (2)
- fusion (2)
- gastric cancer (2)
- gastrointestinal tract (2)
- gene targeting (2)
- generalization (2)
- genetic variation (2)
- genome annotation (2)
- glioblastoma multiforme (2)
- grading (2)
- grasslands (2)
- guard cell (2)
- gynogenesis (2)
- herbivore (2)
- histology (2)
- histones (2)
- homologous chromosomes (2)
- homologous recombination (2)
- host-pathogen interactions (2)
- human (2)
- human immunodeficiency virus (2)
- hybridomas (2)
- hyperexpression techniques (2)
- hypothalamus (2)
- hypotonic (2)
- imaging the immune system (2)
- immune system (2)
- in-vivo (2)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (2)
- induction (2)
- inflammatory bowel disease (2)
- insect decline (2)
- insect monitoring (2)
- insect vision (2)
- insecticide (2)
- insulin (2)
- interaction networks (2)
- interactome (2)
- intracellular bacterial pathogens (2)
- intracellular membranes (2)
- intracellular pathogens (2)
- invasion (2)
- isothermal titration calorimetry (2)
- isotonic (2)
- juvenile hormone (2)
- land-use intensity (2)
- landscape heterogeneity (2)
- language (2)
- learning and memory (2)
- lepidoptera (2)
- linguistic morphology (2)
- lipid metabolism (2)
- lipidomics (2)
- liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (2)
- living cells (2)
- lncRNAs (2)
- localization (2)
- locomotor activity (2)
- long non-coding RNA (2)
- lysosome (2)
- macrophages (2)
- magnetic compass (2)
- maize (2)
- mating success (2)
- measles virus (2)
- mechanisms (2)
- membrane receptor signaling (2)
- meta-analysis (2)
- metabolic adaptation (2)
- metabolic flux (2)
- metabolic modeling (2)
- miR (2)
- miRNA (2)
- microRNAs (2)
- microarrays (2)
- microclimate (2)
- microswimmer (2)
- models (2)
- molecular cloning (2)
- molecular dynamics (2)
- molecular neuroscience (2)
- molecular phylogeny (2)
- morphometry (2)
- mosquito (2)
- mouse model (2)
- multiparticle collision dynamics (2)
- mutants (2)
- national park (2)
- natural enemies (2)
- natural language processing (2)
- natural pest control (2)
- natural variation (2)
- necrobiome (2)
- nervous system (2)
- nesting habits (2)
- network analysis (2)
- networks (2)
- neural circuits (2)
- neuroethology (2)
- neuromodulation (2)
- neuromuscular junction (2)
- neurotransmitter release (2)
- nuclear organization (2)
- nucleosomes (2)
- obesity (2)
- olfactory memory (2)
- olive (2)
- oncogenes (2)
- oncolysis (2)
- orientation (2)
- outcome (2)
- oxidative stress (2)
- parasite (2)
- parasitic cell cycles (2)
- parasitic diseases (2)
- paraspeckles (2)
- parthenogenesis (2)
- patch-clamp (2)
- pathogenicity (2)
- pathway (2)
- perfusion culture (2)
- phagocytosis (2)
- pharmacology (2)
- phenology (2)
- phenotypic plasticity (2)
- photoreceptor (2)
- photoswitchable organic fluorophores (2)
- phototransduction (2)
- phylogenetics (2)
- piRNA (2)
- plant diversity (2)
- plant–insect interactions (2)
- pluripotency (2)
- pollination network (2)
- pollinator decline (2)
- polymerase chain reaction (2)
- polymorphism (2)
- population genetics (2)
- populations (2)
- positive selection (2)
- potassium (2)
- preexisting bias (2)
- proboscis extension response (PER) (2)
- projection neurons (2)
- propulsion (2)
- protein domains (2)
- protein structure (2)
- protein-protein interaction (2)
- proteomes (2)
- proteomics (2)
- psychiatric disorders (2)
- psycholinguistics (2)
- pupae (2)
- radiation sensitivity (2)
- reactive oxygen species (2)
- receptor (2)
- receptor signalling (2)
- release (2)
- remote sensing (2)
- replication (2)
- reproductive success (2)
- resin (2)
- resource use (2)
- retinoic acid (2)
- ribosome (2)
- ribosome biogenesis (2)
- salt stress (2)
- sampling method (2)
- seasonality (2)
- selection (2)
- self-organization (2)
- semi-natural habitats (2)
- sequence databases (2)
- sequestration (2)
- serotonin (2)
- sex determination (2)
- sex differentiation (2)
- signal peptides (2)
- signaling pathway (2)
- signals (2)
- simulation (2)
- single-molecule biophysics (2)
- sleep (2)
- sleeping sickness (2)
- software (2)
- solitary bee (2)
- solitary bees (2)
- somatic mutations (2)
- speciation (2)
- species concept (2)
- species diversity (2)
- spermatocytes (2)
- spermatogenesis (2)
- spider (2)
- sporidia (2)
- structural biology (2)
- structural synaptic plasticity (2)
- structure prediction (2)
- structured illumination microscopy (2)
- sturgeon (2)
- sun exposure (2)
- surgical and invasive medical procedures (2)
- sustainable agriculture (2)
- sustainable intensification (2)
- swarming (2)
- synapsis (2)
- synaptonemal complex (2)
- synergistic effect (2)
- synthetic biology (2)
- systematics (2)
- testis (2)
- therapy (2)
- thermogenesis (2)
- toxins (2)
- transcription factor MIZ-1 (2)
- transcriptional regulation (2)
- transcriptomics (2)
- trap nests (2)
- trees (2)
- triglycerides (2)
- ubiquitin (2)
- ubiquitination (2)
- ultrastructure (2)
- urbanization (2)
- vaccine (2)
- variants (2)
- viruses (2)
- viscosity (2)
- visual system (2)
- visualization (2)
- wood-inhabiting fungi (2)
- ( L. ivanovii ) (1)
- ( L. selligeri) (1)
- (classical and atypical) Werner syndrome (1)
- 16S metabarcoding (1)
- 16S ribosomal-RNA (1)
- 18S (1)
- 2-DG (1)
- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (1)
- 26S RDNA Data (1)
- 28 (1)
- 3-dimensional structure (1)
- 3D lung tumor tissue models (1)
- 3D modeling (1)
- 3D tissue models (1)
- 5-fluorouracil (1)
- 5-methylcytosine (1)
- 6-benzylaminopurine (1)
- A-type lamins (1)
- A. thaliana (1)
- A2a-R receptor (1)
- ABP1 (1)
- ACKR4 (1)
- AFLP (1)
- AI (1)
- AIModules (1)
- AKT (1)
- ALPH (1)
- ALPH1 (1)
- ANOVA (1)
- AP-1 (1)
- APEX2 (1)
- ARF tumor-suppressor induced lymphomagenes (1)
- ATG7 (1)
- ATM (1)
- ATP carrier (1)
- ATP synthase (1)
- ATP-DnaA complex (1)
- ATP-adenosine triphosphate (1)
- ATPase mutants (1)
- AUX1 (1)
- Aaskäfer (1)
- Abbe-Limit (1)
- Abstandsmessung (1)
- Accurate (1)
- Acetabularia (1)
- Acetylated tubulin (1)
- Acids (1)
- Acipenser baerii (1)
- Acromyrmex ambiguus (1)
- Acromyrmex heyeri (1)
- Actin nucleation (1)
- Actinomycin D (1)
- Action potentials (1)
- Activation (1)
- Adenocarcinomas (1)
- Advanced snowmelt (1)
- African agriculture (1)
- African trypanosome (1)
- African trypanosomes (1)
- Agricultural intensification (1)
- Agro-ecology (1)
- AldoA (1)
- Alkaline phosphatase (1)
- Allelic loss (1)
- Alpine habitats (1)
- Alvis (1)
- Alzheimers disease (1)
- AmGr1 (1)
- AmGr2 (1)
- AmGr3 (1)
- Amazon Molly (1)
- Amazonia (1)
- Amazonian forest (1)
- American foulbrood (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Ampfer (1)
- Amphibians (1)
- Amplification (1)
- Amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis (1)
- Analysis (1)
- Aneuploidy (1)
- Angiopoietin-2 (1)
- Angiopoietin-like 4 (1)
- Angiosperms ; Ant-plant interactions ; domatia ; Flora of Malaysia (1)
- Anoplolepis gracilipes (1)
- Ant-following birds (1)
- Ant-plant interactions (1)
- Ant-plant interactions ; Herbivory Macaranga ; Mutualism ; Myrmecophytes (1)
- Ant/plant interaction (1)
- Antibody (1)
- Anticoagulants (1)
- Ants (1)
- ApaH (1)
- ApaH like phosphatase (1)
- Apidae (1)
- Apis dorsata (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Arabidopsis-thaliana (1)
- Araneidae (1)
- Araneus diadematus (1)
- Arena experiment (1)
- Argonaute (1)
- Arthropod (1)
- Arthropods (1)
- Articular-Cartilage (1)
- Aspergillus fumigalus (1)
- Aspergillus medium (1)
- Assemblages (1)
- Aulonocara (1)
- Aureobasidium (1)
- Australian stingless bees (1)
- Autism (1)
- Autism spectrum disorders (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- Axl tyrosine kinase (1)
- Axon degeneration (1)
- Axonal degeneration (1)
- Axonal transport (1)
- B cells (1)
- B chromosomes (1)
- B-MYB (1)
- B-cell (1)
- BCL-X-L P53 (1)
- BDNF (1)
- BH3 domains (1)
- BM (1)
- BMP antagonist (1)
- BMP signaling (1)
- BRAF (1)
- BRAF mutation (1)
- BRCA1 positive (1)
- BRCA1/2 negative (1)
- BRCA2 positive (1)
- Bacillus-subtilis (1)
- Bacterial symbionts (1)
- Barcodes (1)
- Barrier (1)
- Bartak (1)
- Baum (1)
- BayPass (1)
- Bcl-2 proteins (1)
- Beauveria bassiana (1)
- Bee abundance (1)
- Behavior (1)
- Behavioural ecology (1)
- Bembix (1)
- Berberine (1)
- Berger-Parker (1)
- Bevacizumab (1)
- Bialowieza (1)
- Bienenverhalten (1)
- Bienenwolf (1)
- BioID (1)
- Biokinetics (1)
- Biological identifications (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Biomarkers (1)
- Biomechanical Properties (1)
- Blattschneiderameisen (1)
- Blood-brain-barrier (1)
- Bocas-del-Toro (1)
- Body size (1)
- Body weight (1)
- Bombus (1)
- Bombus Spp. Hymenoptera (1)
- Bombus terrestris (1)
- Bone disease (1)
- Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (1)
- Bone regeneration (1)
- Boolean function (1)
- Boolean tree (1)
- Brain (1)
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (1)
- Brassicaceae (1)
- Brassicogethes spp. (1)
- BrdU-Hoechst (1)
- Brownsche Bewegung (1)
- Brucei (1)
- Bumblebee (1)
- Buntbarsche (1)
- Burkina Faso (1)
- C-60 fullerene (1)
- C-MYC PUMA (1)
- C.376A>G (p.S126G) (1)
- C60 fullerene (1)
- CA2+ channels (1)
- CA3 (1)
- CA3 pyrimidal cells (1)
- CCAP (1)
- CCDC79 (1)
- CCHamide1 (1)
- CCL3 (1)
- CCL4 (1)
- CCL5 (1)
- CCR7 (1)
- CCl\(_4\) (1)
- CD117 (1)
- CD23 (1)
- CD274 (1)
- CD28 (1)
- CD4 (1)
- CD4+T cells (1)
- CD8 (1)
- CD8+T cells (1)
- CD95 (1)
- CDC14A (1)
- CENP-A (1)
- CETCH cycle (1)
- CIDP (1)
- CIR aerial imagery (1)
- CLAVATA3 (1)
- CLL (1)
- CLV3p (1)
- CNG channel (1)
- CNV (1)
- CO2-sequestration (1)
- COI (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- COX2 expression (1)
- CPAF activation (1)
- CPF (1)
- CRISPR-Cas9 (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CRY evolution (1)
- CSE4, CENP-A (1)
- CX5461 (1)
- CYR61 (1)
- C\(_{60}\) fullerene (1)
- Ca\(^{2+}\) channels (1)
- Cadherin-13 (CDH13) (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) (1)
- Cancer Cell (1)
- Cancer genetics (1)
- CarO (1)
- Carabidae (1)
- Carbon Metabolism (1)
- Cataglyphis (1)
- Cataglyphis-Wüstenameisen (1)
- Cataglyphis-fortis (1)
- Cdu1 (1)
- Cell Motility (1)
- Cell stainin (1)
- Cell surface (1)
- Cell surface proteomics (1)
- Cell-line (1)
- Cellular imaging (1)
- Central complex (1)
- Central nervous system (1)
- Cervical cancer (1)
- Cestoda (1)
- Cestode (1)
- ChIP-sequencing (1)
- Chagas diagnosis (1)
- Chagas disease (1)
- Chagas monitoring (1)
- Chagas real time PCR (1)
- Chemical composition (1)
- Chemical nature (1)
- Chemotaxis (1)
- Children (1)
- Chirurgie (1)
- Chl (1)
- ChlaDUB1 (1)
- Chlamydia pneumoniae (1)
- Chlamydiales (1)
- Chromatin (1)
- Chromatin and Epigenetics (1)
- Chromosomes (1)
- Chrysididae (1)
- Cimex lectularius (1)
- Circadian rhythms and sleep (1)
- Cisplatin (1)
- Clever Hans Phenomenon (1)
- Climate Change (1)
- Co-option (1)
- CoA (1)
- Coagulation factor IX (1)
- Coahuila (1)
- Cobl domain (1)
- Cocalodinae (1)
- Coexpression (1)
- Coffin–Lowry syndrome (1)
- Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Colonial volvocales chlorophyta (1)
- Colonization (1)
- Colony growth (1)
- Complex medium (1)
- Components (1)
- Compressive Properties (1)
- Computational and Systems Biology (1)
- Computer modelling (1)
- Computer software (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Conifers (1)
- Context (1)
- Coreidae (1)
- Costa Rica (1)
- Coumarin (1)
- CpG (1)
- Crematogaster borneensis (1)
- Cross-bridges (1)
- Cross-species analyses (1)
- CrossQuery (1)
- Cryptic species (1)
- Curculionidae (1)
- Cushing (1)
- Cushing’s disease (1)
- Cynoglossus semilaevis (1)
- Cysteine: motif (1)
- Cytosol (1)
- Cytotoxic (1)
- DFNB32 (1)
- DFNB68 (1)
- DLS and AFM measurements (1)
- DMRT1 (1)
- DNA barcodes (1)
- DNA complex (1)
- DNA double-strand breaks (1)
- DNA electrophoresis (1)
- DNA fingerprinting (1)
- DNA helicase (1)
- DNA hybridization (1)
- DNA immunolocalization (1)
- DNA mediated gene transfer (1)
- DNA metabarcoding (1)
- DNA methylation dynamics (1)
- DNA nanotechnology (1)
- DNA recombination (1)
- DNA replication initiation (1)
- DNA sequences (1)
- DNA transcription (1)
- DNA-based species delimitation (1)
- DNA-binding (1)
- DNA-binding domain (1)
- DNA-binding vesicles (1)
- DNA-damage checkpoint (1)
- DNA-repair (1)
- DOT1 (1)
- DOT1B (1)
- DUB (1)
- DUB inhibitor (1)
- Danio-rerio (1)
- Dasycladales chlorophyta (1)
- DeepSqueak (1)
- Delayed snowmelt (1)
- Deletion analysis (1)
- Densities (1)
- Desert ant navigation (1)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1)
- Deutschland (1)
- Diabetic polyneuropathy (1)
- Dichte (1)
- Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid (1)
- Dionaea-muscipula ellis (1)
- Dmrt1bY (1)
- Dopamine (1)
- Dopaminergic PAM cluster neurons (1)
- Dorylinae (1)
- Down syndrome (1)
- Doxorubicin (1)
- Drosha (1)
- Drosophila Antennal Lobe (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster motoneuron (1)
- Drought (1)
- Dufours gland (1)
- Dunce isoforms (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- E. coli atp operon (1)
- E3 ligase (1)
- EEG (1)
- EF-1A (1)
- EGF receptor (1)
- EMT (1)
- ENV (1)
- ERG (1)
- ERK signaling (1)
- EZH2 (1)
- Echinococcosis (1)
- Ecologically important traits (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Ectopic bone formation (1)
- Edema formation (1)
- Egfr (1)
- Einfluss (1)
- Electron Microscopy (1)
- Elektrofusion (1)
- Elektroporation (1)
- Embryo (1)
- Embryonic induction (1)
- Emotional behavior (1)
- Endothelial growth-factor (1)
- Enhancer (1)
- Enterobacteriaceae (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Enzyme Regulation (1)
- Enzyme kinetics (1)
- Enzyme metabolism (1)
- Enzyme regulation (1)
- Epicardium-derived cells (1)
- Epichloë spp. (1)
- Epidermal growth-factor (1)
- Epidermaler Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptor (1)
- Epigenetics (1)
- Epitope (1)
- Epstein-Barr-virus (1)
- Erigone atra (1)
- Escberichia coli (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (1)
- Estivation (1)
- Eukaryoten (1)
- Eulophidae (1)
- European foulbrood (1)
- European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta) (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Event (1)
- Evolutionary developmental biology (1)
- Evolutionary emergence (1)
- Exosome (1)
- Experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (1)
- Explorative analyses (1)
- Expression (1)
- Extracellular matrix (1)
- Extrembiotop (1)
- F-actin (1)
- FBXW7 (1)
- FIB-SEM (1)
- FISH-CLEM (1)
- FLIMbee (1)
- FLS2 receptor (1)
- FWGE (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Fabry disease (1)
- Factor sigma(B) (1)
- Fagus orientalis (1)
- Fbw7 (1)
- Fetal brain development (1)
- Fgf-signalling (1)
- Fische (1)
- Flagellum (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flowering (1)
- Flowering plants (1)
- Flowers (1)
- Fluorescence microscopy (1)
- Fluoreszenzsonden (1)
- Foragers (1)
- Forests (1)
- Fourthcorner analysis (1)
- Fragmentierung (1)
- Freeze-etching (1)
- French-Canadian patients (1)
- Frontal cortex (1)
- Functional diversity (1)
- Functional modules (1)
- Fungal cell-walls (1)
- Fungal traits (1)
- Fusarium fujikuroi (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptors (1)
- GABA (1)
- GABA-A receptor (1)
- GABAA receptors (1)
- GAD1 (1)
- GAG (1)
- GDNF5 (1)
- GIS (1)
- GP41 cytoplasmic tail (1)
- GPI-anchor (1)
- GPVI (1)
- Galectin-1 (1)
- Gefäßpflanzen (1)
- Gen (1)
- Gene (1)
- Gene Regulation (1)
- Gene cloning (1)
- Gene duplication (1)
- Gene expression analysis (1)
- Gene expression profiling (1)
- Gene expression vectors (1)
- Gene sets (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genetics research (1)
- Genom / Genkartierung / Genanalyse (1)
- Genome assembly (1)
- Genome comparison (1)
- Genome evolution (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Genomics data sets (1)
- Gentransfer (1)
- German Research Foundation (1)
- Germinative cell (1)
- Germline (1)
- Geruch (1)
- Gewebe (1)
- Goldbrasse (1)
- Golgi (1)
- Golgi apparatus (1)
- Government research funding (1)
- Gram-positive bacteria (1)
- Grasses (1)
- H7N9 influenza virus (1)
- HDBSCAN (1)
- HECT (1)
- HECT Ligase (1)
- HGF (1)
- HGPS (1)
- HHblits (1)
- HIV-1 (1)
- HIV-1 protease (1)
- HKT transporter (1)
- HLA class ll (1)
- HMG-Proteine (1)
- HNSCC (1)
- HPLC/UPLC methods (1)
- HRAS (1)
- Habitats (1)
- Halictidae (1)
- Halobacterium halobium (1)
- Harold Garnet Callan (1)
- Hautflügler (1)
- Health (1)
- Hela Cells (1)
- Heparan-sulfate (1)
- Hepatitis B Virus (1)
- Herbivory (1)
- Heteroptera (1)
- Hibernation (1)
- High mobility group (1)
- High-End-Mikroskopie (1)
- High-throughput data (1)
- Hill's powers (1)
- Himmelskompass (1)
- Histone gamma H2AX (1)
- Homoptera aphididae (1)
- Honey bees (1)
- Honey-bees (1)
- Honeybee (1)
- Horizontal transfer (1)
- Human (1)
- Human Knee (1)
- Human Medial Meniscus (1)
- Human atrial stromal cells (1)
- Human lung-cancer (1)
- Human prefrontal cortex (1)
- Human-immunodeficiency-virus (1)
- Hybridisierung <Biologie> (1)
- Hyperolius viridiflavus (1)
- Hypopharyngeal glands (1)
- Hypothalamus (1)
- Hypoxia (1)
- ICEP (1)
- ICP27 (1)
- IFN-γ (1)
- IGFBP2 (1)
- III adenylyl cyclases (1)
- III secretion (1)
- III secretion system (1)
- IL-17 (1)
- IL-4 antagonists (1)
- IL-4-receptor (1)
- IL-5 (1)
- IL-7 (1)
- IL2 branching (1)
- IN-VIVO (1)
- IR (1)
- ImageJ (1)
- ImageJ plugin (1)
- Imd pathway (1)
- Immunohistochemistry (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- Improved survival (1)
- In vivo (1)
- In-vivo (1)
- Inc (1)
- Inclusion (1)
- IncuCyte\(^®\)S3 (1)
- Induced senescence (1)
- Injuries (1)
- Inoculum production (1)
- Insect flight (1)
- Insect hosts (1)
- Insect pests (1)
- Insect symbiois (1)
- Insekt (1)
- Insektennavigation (1)
- Insulin (1)
- Integrated network analysis (1)
- Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) (1)
- Interleukin 2 (1)
- Interleukin 4 (1)
- Interleukin 4 (human) (1)
- Interleukin 7 (1)
- Interleukin-4 (1)
- Interleukin-4 (IL-4) (1)
- Intermediate filaments (1)
- Invasion (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Ips typographus (1)
- IronChip Evaluation Package (1)
- Isoenzym (1)
- JAK2 (1)
- JNK (1)
- JUN (1)
- Jasmonate perception (1)
- Java 3D (1)
- Jmjd6 (1)
- Johnstons organ (1)
- K-RAS (1)
- KIT (1)
- KRAS biomarker signatures (1)
- Karyotyp (1)
- Karyotype; chromosome banding; Desertellio elongatus; Crustacea; Isopoda; Oniscidea (1)
- Kidney cancer (1)
- Kinase inhibitor (1)
- Kinase pathway (1)
- Kinetoplastea (1)
- Kinetoplastida (1)
- Klimaneutralität (1)
- Klimapflanzen (1)
- Klimawandel (1)
- Konservierung (1)
- Krebs (1)
- LAMN (1)
- LASP1 (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LC–HRESIMS (1)
- LINC complexes (1)
- LMNA mutations (1)
- LS-MIDA (1)
- Labial glands (1)
- Lacking neurofilaments (1)
- Lamto Reserve (1)
- Land plants (1)
- Land-use change (1)
- Landsat (1)
- Landsat 8 (1)
- Landscape ecology (1)
- Landschaft (1)
- Landwirtschaft (1)
- Laparoscopy (1)
- Latimeria menadoensis (1)
- Latrophilin (1)
- Laufkäfer (1)
- Leaf cutting ants (1)
- Learning and memory (1)
- Leaves (1)
- Legionella (1)
- Legume crops (1)
- Legumes (1)
- LeishBASEedit (1)
- Leishmania (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- Lichtheimia (1)
- Life expectancy (1)
- Ligand <Biochemie> (1)
- Limb development (1)
- Limit (1)
- Listeria (1)
- Listeria monocytogenes (1)
- Listeriolysin O (1)
- Live cells (1)
- Living cells (1)
- Llullaillaco Volcano (1)
- Locomotion compensator (1)
- Locomotor activity (1)
- Locus (1)
- Logged forests (1)
- Lov domain (1)
- Lung-cancer (1)
- Lymantria dispar (1)
- Lymph nodes (1)
- Lynx lynx (1)
- M14 carboxypeptidasses (1)
- MALDI imaging (1)
- MAX (1)
- MDSCs (1)
- ME/CFS (1)
- MET receptor (1)
- MHC I (1)
- MHC II (1)
- MITE (1)
- MITF (1)
- MMP-1 (1)
- MOD13Q1 (1)
- MODIS (1)
- MORN-repeat (1)
- MSCI (1)
- MTH1 (1)
- MTL30 (1)
- MYCNv (1)
- Maculinea butterfly (1)
- Madagascar (1)
- Magnetic-resonance microscopy (1)
- Magnetkompass (1)
- Malaise trap (1)
- Malaya (1)
- Male intromittent organ (1)
- Malignant melanoma (1)
- Mamestra brassicae (1)
- Maus (1)
- Mbt (1)
- Mc4r (1)
- Mcl-1 (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Mechanistic model (1)
- Medaka - Genetransfer - Transient expression - DNA fate - Fish developmental biology (1)
- Medaka fish (1)
- Medicine (1)
- Megalobrama amblycephala (1)
- Megaponera analis (1)
- Meiosis (1)
- Meliponini (1)
- Melophorus-bagoti (1)
- Membranes (1)
- Merogone experiments (1)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- Mesocestoides corti (1)
- Messenger Ribonucleoprotein Particles (1)
- Messenger-RNS (1)
- Met (1)
- Metabolic profiles (1)
- Metabolismus (1)
- Metacestode (1)
- Metarhizium anisopliae (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methylome (1)
- Mexican coffee plantations (1)
- MiMIC (1)
- Microarray (1)
- Microarray analysis (1)
- Microarray data (1)
- Microbiology and Infectious Disease (1)
- Microorganisms (1)
- Middle cerebral-artery (1)
- Mikroarray (1)
- Milnesium tardigradum (1)
- Minimally invasive surgery (1)
- MircoRNA (1)
- Missense mutation (1)
- Model (1)
- Models (1)
- Molecular Biophysics (1)
- Molecular biophysics (1)
- Molecular neuroscience (1)
- Molecular systematics (1)
- Molecules (1)
- Moleküle (1)
- Monogamie (1)
- Monte-Carlo-Simulation (1)
- Motion (1)
- Motoneuron disease (1)
- Motor nerve biopsy (1)
- Mouse model (1)
- Mouse-brain (1)
- Movement (1)
- Mt. Kinabalu (1)
- Mucin (1)
- Multiple myeloma (1)
- Multipolar mitosis (1)
- Multivariate analysis (1)
- Mund-Kiefer-Gesichts-Chirurgie (1)
- Muscidifurax (1)
- Mutation screening (1)
- Mutations (1)
- Myb-MuvB (1)
- Myc Transcription (1)
- Mycobacterium (1)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1)
- Mycoplasma (1)
- Myofibroblast differentiation (1)
- Myrmecophytes (1)
- Myrmecophytism ; Malaysia ; trophobionts ; colony foundation ; Cladomyrma (1)
- Myrmica ant non-equilibrium dynamics (1)
- N-Myc (1)
- N-terminal domain (1)
- NAD (1)
- NCI-60 (1)
- NEAT1 (1)
- NF-κB (1)
- NFATc1 (1)
- NHX1 (1)
- NMD (1)
- NMR (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NO (1)
- NONO (1)
- NRF2 (1)
- NSCLC (1)
- NTP-binding-properties (1)
- NaCl transport (1)
- Nanda-Hamner (1)
- Nanos (1)
- Nasonia (1)
- Nasonia courtship (1)
- National Science Foundation (1)
- Natural Language Processing (1)
- Negative geotaxis (1)
- Neisseria (1)
- Neoblast (1)
- Nephroblastoma (1)
- Nerve growth factor (1)
- Nervenzelle (1)
- Nervous system (1)
- Nesting resources (1)
- Neural circuits (1)
- Neuro-blastoma (1)
- Neurofilament (1)
- Neuromuscular junctions (1)
- Neuronal survival (1)
- Neuropathy (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- Neurotrophic factors (1)
- New Species (1)
- New Zealand (1)
- Niedere Wirbeltiere (1)
- Nitrogen metabolism (1)
- Njassasee (1)
- Non-phototrophic bacteria (1)
- Normal Distribution (1)
- Northeastern Costa Rica (1)
- Nuclear RDNA (1)
- Nuclear envelope (1)
- Nuclear pore complex (1)
- Nuclear pores (1)
- Nucleocytoplasmic exchange (1)
- Nucleocytoplasmic transport (1)
- Nucleolus-DNA (1)
- Nurses (1)
- OLFM4 (1)
- Oilseed rape (1)
- Omp85 (1)
- Oncogene (1)
- Oncology (1)
- Oogenesis (1)
- Open-source tool (1)
- OpsA (1)
- Opsins (1)
- Oralchirurgie (1)
- Ordination methods (1)
- Oryza sativa (1)
- Osmia (1)
- Osmia bicornis (1)
- Osmoregulation (1)
- Osteoarthritis (1)
- Osteogenic precursor cells (1)
- Outer membrane proteins (1)
- P14ARF (1)
- P15(INK4B) (1)
- P21 (1)
- P53 (1)
- PABPs (1)
- PAK4 (1)
- PD-L1 (1)
- PDE4d (1)
- PICD (1)
- PKCζ, (1)
- POTRA domain (1)
- POZ domain (1)
- PSMA (1)
- Pacific Ocean (1)
- Paenibacillus (1)
- Paenibacterin (1)
- Pain (1)
- Pakistan (1)
- Parasite development (1)
- Parataxonomy (1)
- Parkinson's disease (1)
- Parkinsons diesease (1)
- Partially parallel acquisitions (1)
- Path-integraton (1)
- Peptidoglycan recognition (1)
- Period (1)
- Perugia-Kärpfling (1)
- Pfam domain (1)
- Phenols (1)
- Photoactivated localization microscopy (1)
- Phylogenetics (1)
- Phylogenie (1)
- Pilze (1)
- PknB (1)
- Plant growth promotion (1)
- Plant root endophyte (1)
- Plant utricularia-gibba (1)
- Plant-herbivore interactions (1)
- Plant-insect interactions (1)
- Plantation forests (1)
- Plants (1)
- Plasma-membrane (1)
- Plataspidae (1)
- Platelet-derived growthfactor (1)
- Podocarpus National Park (1)
- Poecilia (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) (1)
- Poecilia reticulata (1)
- Poeciliid fish (1)
- Polistine wasps (1)
- Pollen (1)
- Pollination (1)
- Pollinators (1)
- Polycistronic mRNA (1)
- Polylactide-co-glycolide (1)
- Polyspermy (1)
- Poor-prognosis (1)
- Poplars (1)
- PorB (1)
- Predictive toxicology (1)
- Prfa-mediated virulence (1)
- Primary endosymbiont (1)
- Proenzyme (1)
- Profile distances (1)
- Profiling (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Prognosis (1)
- Programmed cell-death (1)
- Programmierbare logische Anordnung (1)
- Progressive motor neuronopathy (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Promotor (1)
- Proteasen (1)
- Protection (1)
- Protein folding (1)
- Protein kinase D3 (PKD3) (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Proteinmarkierungen (1)
- Proteus vulgaris (1)
- Protoonkogen (1)
- Protopterus annectens (1)
- Protoscolex (1)
- Prunus-africana (1)
- Präferenz (1)
- Pseudotsuga menziesii (1)
- Pteromalidae (1)
- QTL analysis (1)
- R package (1)
- R-loop (1)
- R. sphaeroidesl (1)
- R0 (1)
- RAS (1)
- RBCL (1)
- RBCL Gene-sequences (1)
- RBM8A (1)
- RET6 (1)
- RFID (1)
- RIM-binding protein (1)
- RIM1α (1)
- RLQ analysis (1)
- RNA extraction (1)
- RNA in situ hybridization (1)
- RNA metabolism (1)
- RNA polymerase II (1)
- RNA sequence (1)
- RNA sequencing (1)
- RNA splicing (1)
- RNA-SEQ (1)
- RNA-Seq analysis (1)
- RNA-binding protein (1)
- RNA-seq transcriptome (1)
- RNAPOL1 (1)
- RNAi (1)
- RRID: AB_2315425 (1)
- RRID: AB_2337244 (1)
- RSK (1)
- RT -PCR (1)
- RTK (1)
- Rab (1)
- Radiation biology (1)
- Radiation sensitivity (1)
- Radiochemotherapy (1)
- Raf kinases (1)
- Rain-forest (1)
- Random-Walk (1)
- Rat spinal-cord (1)
- Real-time (1)
- Receptor (1)
- Receptor kinase (1)
- Receptor ytva (1)
- Recombinant (1)
- Recombinant DNA (1)
- Recombinant DNA ; Growth hormone gene ; PCR; Silver carp ; Fish (1)
- Recombinant DNA ; polymerase chain reaction ; metallothionein gene ; rainbow trout ; fish (1)
- Recombinant protein expression (1)
- Recurrent neural-networks (1)
- Regenwald (1)
- Relapse (1)
- Renal cell carcinoma (1)
- Reovirus (1)
- Repair (1)
- Reproduction (1)
- Rescorla-Wagner model (1)
- Research Article (1)
- Reveals (1)
- Rhodopsins (1)
- Ribosomal protein gene (1)
- Richness (1)
- Rumex (1)
- S1PR2 (1)
- SCC (1)
- SCD (1)
- SEMA domain (1)
- SF3 helicase (1)
- SGNH hydrolase (1)
- SMAD signaling (1)
- SMLM (1)
- SOX9 (1)
- SPRED (1)
- SPRED2 (1)
- SREC-I (1)
- SSCP analysis (1)
- SSI (1)
- STORM (1)
- SUN domain protein (1)
- SUN domain proteins (1)
- SUN1 (1)
- SV pool (1)
- Salmonella (1)
- Salmonella Typhimurium (1)
- Salmonella enterica (1)
- Salmonella-containing vacuole (1)
- Salt Overly Sensitive pathway (1)
- Salvia pratensis (1)
- Sanger sequencing (1)
- Savanna (1)
- Savanna–Forest mosaic (1)
- Scatter factor (1)
- Schizophrenia (1)
- Schwertkräpfling (1)
- Science history (1)
- Sea urchin development (1)
- Seahorse XF (1)
- Secondary structure (1)
- Seed dispersal (1)
- Self-renewal (1)
- Sentinel-1 (1)
- Septins (1)
- Serendipita indica (1)
- Serum autoantibodies (1)
- Sex chromosome (1)
- Sex determination (1)
- Sexual development and function (1)
- Shaggy kinase (1)
- Shotgun method (1)
- Si-rhodamine (1)
- Sigma(B)-dependent stress-response (1)
- Signal transduction (1)
- Signaling (1)
- Simkania (1)
- Simkania negevensis (1)
- Single nucleotide change (1)
- Site-directed mutagenesis (1)
- Sleep fragmentation (1)
- Small interfering RNAs (1)
- Small-holder agriculture (1)
- Smooth-muscle-cells (1)
- Social entrainment (1)
- Software product lines (1)
- Solid tumors (1)
- Solution-state NMR (1)
- Somatotropin (1)
- South Korea (1)
- Sox5 (1)
- Sozialität (1)
- Sparus aurata (1)
- Species delimitation (1)
- Species richness (1)
- Sperma (1)
- Spongilla lacustris (1)
- Sporosarcina (1)
- Sprouting angiogenesis (1)
- Spumaviren (1)
- Stachellose Biene (1)
- Staphylococcal infection (1)
- Staphylococcus (1)
- Stat3 (1)
- Stathmin (1)
- Stem cell (1)
- Stimulated-emission (1)
- Stp (1)
- Strains (1)
- Stress responses (1)
- Structural Biology (1)
- Structure-function (1)
- Strukturanalyse (1)
- Subtercola vilae (1)
- Subtilisin Carlsberg (1)
- Subtilisin maturation (1)
- Sun1 (1)
- Sunitinib (1)
- Super-Resolution Microscopy (1)
- Superagonistic antibody (1)
- Suppressors EXT1 (1)
- Surgical and invasive medical procedures (1)
- Surgical oncology (1)
- Switch (1)
- Synapses (1)
- Synaptic vesicles (1)
- Synaptische Vesikel (1)
- Synaptophysin (1)
- Synthetic biology (1)
- Systematic search (1)
- Süßwasserpolypen (1)
- T cell receptor (1)
- T cell receptors (1)
- T lymphocytes (1)
- T-Lymphozyt (1)
- T-RFLP analysis (1)
- T-cadherin (1)
- T-cell (1)
- T-cell epitope (1)
- T. brucei (1)
- TCR signaling cascade (1)
- TERB1 (1)
- TGF-beta (1)
- TGF-β (1)
- TGF-β superfamily (1)
- TH1579 (1)
- TH588 (1)
- TME (1)
- TNF-α (1)
- TNNI3 (1)
- TYPE-1 (1)
- Tanzania (1)
- Tapeworm (1)
- Tarp (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- TbMORN1 (1)
- Teamwork (1)
- Teichläufer (1)
- Temperatur (1)
- Temperature rhythms (1)
- Tetrahymena (1)
- Text analysis (1)
- Textanalyse (1)
- Th1 cells (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thiol-activated cytolysin (1)
- Tierpsychologie (1)
- Time (1)
- Time interval (1)
- Timeless (1)
- Timing (1)
- Tn1549 transposon (1)
- Tn916-like transposon family (1)
- Townes (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Tp63 (1)
- Trafficking (1)
- Transcription units (1)
- Transcriptional control (1)
- Transcriptome (1)
- Transcriptomic (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transgene Tiere (1)
- Transgenic mice (1)
- Translation (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Transovarial transmission (1)
- Transport (1)
- Transposable element (1)
- TreMs (1)
- Trees (1)
- Trend test (1)
- Trichomalopsis (1)
- Trinidadian guppy (1)
- Triple co-culture (1)
- Triton X 100 (1)
- Trophobiosis (1)
- Tropical agriculture (1)
- Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (1)
- Trypanosoma cruzi (1)
- Trypanosome (1)
- Trypanosomes (1)
- Tumor (1)
- Tumor angiogenesis (1)
- Tumor cell (1)
- Tumor suppressor gene (1)
- Tumorzelle (1)
- Tumour markers (1)
- Type III secretion (1)
- Tyrosine kinase inhibition (1)
- USP25 (1)
- UV–Vis (1)
- Ubiquitin (1)
- Unc-13 (1)
- Usher syndrome (1)
- Ustilago maydis (1)
- V-ATPase (1)
- V-antigen (1)
- V1–V9 (1)
- V4 (1)
- V7/V8 (1)
- VACV (1)
- VASP (1)
- VEGFA (1)
- VKORC1 (1)
- VSG (1)
- Vaccine (1)
- Variability (1)
- Varroa destructor (1)
- Vasodilatator-stimuliertes Phosphoprotein (1)
- Vegetable juice (1)
- Veracruz <Stadt> (1)
- Verhalten (1)
- Verhaltensökologie (1)
- Verteilung (1)
- Verzeichnis (1)
- Vesicles (1)
- Vicia faba (L.) (1)
- Viral infections (1)
- Virtual sequencing (1)
- Visualization (1)
- Vitamin K epoxide reductase (1)
- Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) (1)
- WDR5 (1)
- WNT (1)
- WTI (1)
- Wachstum (1)
- Wallemia ichthyophaga (1)
- Warfarin (1)
- Wasserläufer (1)
- West Africa (1)
- White-matter (1)
- Wiesensalbei (1)
- Wild bees (1)
- Williamsia sp. ARP1 (1)
- Wilms' tumor (1)
- Wonderful plants (1)
- X-Ray Chrystallography (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- X. couchianus (1)
- X. hellerii (1)
- Xenopus oocytes (1)
- Xiphophorus fish (1)
- Y chromosome degeneration (1)
- Y14 (1)
- YAP (1)
- Yersinia enterocolitica (1)
- Yield (1)
- Yolk protein (1)
- Zelldifferenzierung (1)
- Zelle (1)
- Zellen (1)
- ZfKD (1)
- Zika virus (1)
- Zinc finger gene (1)
- \(\alpha\)-latrotoxin (1)
- abdominal (1)
- abdominal surgery (1)
- abiotic (1)
- abiotic factors (1)
- accumulation (1)
- acetate (1)
- acetyltransferase RTT109 (1)
- achaete-scute homolog 1 (1)
- achiasmatic (1)
- acipenserid minisatellite (1)
- acoustic communication (1)
- acoustic signals (1)
- acoustic stream (1)
- acromyrmex ambiguus (1)
- actin cortex (1)
- actin nucleation (1)
- activity (1)
- activity rhythms (1)
- activity-based probes (1)
- acts downstream (1)
- acute appendicitis (1)
- acute brain slices (1)
- acylcarnitine (1)
- adaptive evolution (1)
- adaptive growth (1)
- adaptive plasticity (1)
- adaptive radiation (1)
- adenylate cyclase toxin (1)
- adhesion GPCR (1)
- adipose (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- adipose tissue dysfunction (1)
- adipose tissue-derived MSCs (1)
- adjuvant (1)
- adrenal surgery (1)
- adrenal tumors (1)
- adrenalectomia (1)
- adrenocortical adenocarcinoma (1)
- adrenocortical carcinoma (1)
- adult bee (1)
- adult bees (1)
- adult drosophila (1)
- advanced (1)
- aerobiology (1)
- age polyethism (1)
- agent-based model (1)
- aging (1)
- agonist (1)
- agri-environment scheme (1)
- agri-environment schemes (1)
- agricultural intensification (1)
- agricultural intensity (1)
- agricultural landscapes (1)
- agricultural soils (1)
- agrobacterium tumefaciens (1)
- agroforestry (1)
- airborne laser scanning (ALS) (1)
- airway epithelia (1)
- alagille syndrome (1)
- albinaria (1)
- alcohol tolerance (1)
- aldolase A (1)
- alkaloid detection methods (1)
- alkaloids (1)
- alkyloctahydronaphthalene (1)
- all-fish genes (1)
- allatostatin‐A (1)
- allergens (1)
- allergy (1)
- allometry (1)
- alpha (1)
- alpha-helical structure (1)
- alpha-toxin (1)
- alpha-tubulin-II (1)
- alpine plants (1)
- alternating management (1)
- alternative trapping strategies (1)
- alu elements (1)
- alveolar fibrosis (1)
- alveolar regeneration (1)
- alzheimer's disease (1)
- alzheimers disease (1)
- ambrosia beetle (1)
- ambrosia beetles (1)
- ambrosia fungi (1)
- ambystoma opacum (1)
- amino acid analogues (1)
- amino acid restriction (1)
- amino acid sequence (1)
- amino acid transporter (1)
- amino acids (1)
- aminoacyl-transfer-RNA (1)
- amphibian metamorphosis (1)
- amphibian oocytes (1)
- amphids (1)
- amphimixis (1)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1)
- amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis (1)
- analysis of variance (1)
- anaplasia (1)
- anastomotic leakage (1)
- androgen-induced masculinization (1)
- angiogenic cytokines (1)
- animal communication (1)
- animal migration (1)
- animal sexual behavior (1)
- animals (1)
- anion channel (1)
- ant communities (1)
- ant-butterfly interaction (1)
- ant-mimicking spiders (1)
- ant-plant interactions (1)
- antagonist (1)
- antagonists (1)
- antenna (1)
- antennal lobes (1)
- anterior optic tubercle (1)
- anthropogenic activities (1)
- anthropogenic drivers (1)
- anthropogenic food subsidies (1)
- anthropogenic noise (1)
- anti-cancer drug-like molecules (1)
- anti-contactin-1 (1)
- anti-microbial activit (1)
- anti-thrombotic therapies (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antibiotics (1)
- antibody (1)
- anticancer activity (1)
- antigen processing and recognition (1)
- antigenetic variation (1)
- antimicrobial peptides (1)
- antimycotics (1)
- antioxidants (1)
- antiproliferative (1)
- antitumor immune response (1)
- antiviral immunity (1)
- aortic-valve (1)
- aphids (1)
- apixaban (1)
- apomixis (1)
- aposematism (1)
- appeasement substance (1)
- appendectomy (1)
- appendicitis (1)
- appendix (1)
- approved drugs (1)
- arabidopsi (1)
- arabidopsis (1)
- arabidpsis thaliana (1)
- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (1)
- area‐concentrated search (1)
- arginine (1)
- arginine metabolism (1)
- army ants (1)
- armyworm Lepidoptera (1)
- arthropod predators (1)
- artificial diet (1)
- artificial rearing (1)
- asexual reproduction (1)
- ash dieback (1)
- aspergillus fumigatus (1)
- assay systems (1)
- assemblages (1)
- assembly (1)
- assembly mechanisms (1)
- assortative mating (1)
- astrocytes (1)
- asymmetric dispersal costs (1)
- atopic diseases (1)
- attraction (1)
- auditory masking (1)
- autoantibody (1)
- autofluorescence (1)
- automated solid-phase Edman degradation (1)
- automixis (1)
- autophagosomes (1)
- autosomal recessive hearing loss (1)
- autosomal recessive non-synstromic hearing loss (1)
- autotoxicity (1)
- axial skeletal defects (1)
- azido-ceramides (1)
- b/c1 complex (1)
- bPAC (1)
- bacillus thuringiensis (1)
- background odor (1)
- bacterial genomics (1)
- bacterial infection (1)
- bacterial invasion (1)
- bacterial meningitis (1)
- bacterial migration (1)
- bacterial persistence (1)
- bacterial spread (1)
- bacterial transcription (1)
- bacterial transmission (1)
- bacterial virulence (1)
- bacteriology (1)
- bacteriophage lambda (1)
- bacteriorhodopsin (1)
- bacterium Legionella pneumophila (1)
- bagworms Lepidoptera (1)
- baited traps (1)
- bakanae (1)
- balance (1)
- balance hypothesis (1)
- barcoding (1)
- bark and ambrosia beetles (1)
- bark beetle (1)
- bark beetle disturbance (1)
- bark-peeling (1)
- bax (1)
- bed bug (1)
- bee abundance (1)
- bee body size (1)
- bee community (1)
- bee conservation (1)
- bee disease (1)
- bee larva (1)
- bee pollination (1)
- bee pollinator (1)
- bee pollinators (1)
- bee species richness (1)
- beech forest (1)
- beetle (1)
- beetle communities (1)
- beetle horns (1)
- behavioral transition (1)
- behaviour (1)
- behavioural ecology (1)
- behavioural flexibility (1)
- behavioural plasticity (1)
- benzoquinone (1)
- bet-hedging (1)
- beta diversity (1)
- beta-TRCP (1)
- beta-catenin (1)
- beta-diveristy (1)
- beta-diversity (1)
- beta-lactamase inhibition (1)
- beta-oxidation (1)
- bevacizumab (1)
- big brown bats (1)
- bilayers (1)
- binary decision diagram (1)
- binding pocket (1)
- bioassay-guided fractionation (1)
- bioassays (1)
- biodiversity assessment (1)
- biodiversity estimation (1)
- biodiversity exploratories (1)
- biodiversity index (1)
- biodiversity measure (1)
- biodiversity threats (1)
- biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (1)
- biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship (1)
- bioenergetics (1)
- biofilm formation (1)
- biofluid (1)
- biofuel (1)
- biofuels (1)
- bioinformatics and computational biology (1)
- bioinformatics tool (1)
- biological activities (1)
- biological control (1)
- biological fluorescence (1)
- biological macromolecules (1)
- biological pest control (1)
- biological scaffold (1)
- biological sciences (1)
- biomanufacturing (1)
- biomarker signature (1)
- biomarkers (1)
- biomaterial surfaces (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- biomimetic 3D tissue model (1)
- biomimetic tissue models (1)
- biominarlization proteins (1)
- biophysics (1)
- bioreactor culture (1)
- biosecurity (1)
- biosonar (1)
- biospecies (1)
- biosynthetic glycosylation (1)
- biotic interaction (1)
- bipartite metabolism (1)
- bird communities (1)
- bird diversity (1)
- bird species richness (1)
- birth rates (1)
- bisulfite pyrosequencing (1)
- bitter taste (1)
- black woodpecker (1)
- black yeast (1)
- bladder (1)
- blocking antibodies (1)
- blood brain barrier (1)
- blood stream (1)
- blood-stream forms (1)
- blowfly calliphora-vomitoria (1)
- bodies (1)
- body condition (1)
- body weight (1)
- body-size (1)
- bohemian forest ecosystem (1)
- bombus terrestris (1)
- bone (1)
- boolean in silico models (1)
- boolean modeling (1)
- bottom‐up and top‐down control (1)
- brachtydacyly type A2 (1)
- brain disorders (1)
- brain endothelial cells (1)
- brain metastases (1)
- brain signal complexity (1)
- brain-injury (1)
- breast-cancer (1)
- breast-cancer cells (1)
- breeding season (1)
- brefeldin-a (1)
- broadleaf tree species (1)
- broodtranslocation (1)
- brucei (1)
- bryophytes (1)
- bug riptortus-pedestris (1)
- building behavior (1)
- building behaviour (1)
- bumblebee nest density (1)
- buparlisib (1)
- burned savanna (1)
- burnt-wood (1)
- bursicon (1)
- butterfly euphydryas-aurinia (1)
- bypass (1)
- c-Fos (1)
- c-Myc (1)
- c-kit (1)
- c-myc (1)
- c-src (1)
- cAMP (1)
- cAMP / cGMP / cytoskeleton / phosphorylation / protein kinase (1)
- cDNA (1)
- cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata (1)
- caco-2 cells (1)
- cadherin-13 (CDH13) (1)
- calcium signaling (1)
- calcium signaling pathway (1)
- calcofluor white staining (1)
- call (1)
- calyx (1)
- cameleon (1)
- camponotus aethiops (1)
- camponotus ants (1)
- camponotus floridanus (1)
- camponotus schmitzi (1)
- camptothecin (1)
- cancer biology (1)
- cancer cell (1)
- cancer diagnosis (1)
- cancer dissemination (1)
- cancer genomics (1)
- cancer metabolism (1)
- cancer models (1)
- cancer predisposition syndromes (1)
- cancer-cells (1)
- cancers (1)
- candida genome database (1)
- canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAdMSCs) (1)
- canine cancer cell lines (1)
- canine soft tissue sarcoma (CSTS) (1)
- canopy fogging (1)
- canopy herbivory (1)
- canopy spiders (1)
- capsid protein (1)
- capture (1)
- carbenes (1)
- carbohydrates (1)
- carbon dioxide (CO2) (1)
- carbon dioxide avoidance (1)
- carbonaria (1)
- carboxylation (1)
- cardiac aging (1)
- cardiac fibrosis (1)
- cardioactive factor (1)
- cardiolipin (1)
- cardiomyopathy (1)
- cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) (1)
- carriage (1)
- carrion ecology (1)
- carrying capacity (1)
- cartilage induction (1)
- cascade (1)
- cash crops (1)
- caspase-3 (1)
- caspases (1)
- catabolism (1)
- cathepsin (1)
- catheterization (1)
- catheters (1)
- cations (1)
- ceiba pentandra (1)
- cell compartmentation (1)
- cell cultures (1)
- cell cycle arrest (1)
- cell differentation (1)
- cell division (1)
- cell fate (1)
- cell fusion (1)
- cell membrane model (1)
- cell migration (1)
- cell motility (1)
- cell size (1)
- cell surface proteome (1)
- cell velocimetry (1)
- cell wall (1)
- cell wall synthesis (1)
- cell-autonomous defense (1)
- cell-cycle arrest (1)
- cell-cycle arrest cancer therapy (1)
- cell-cycle regulation (1)
- cellline transfection (1)
- cellular camp (1)
- cellular imaging (1)
- cellular proteins (1)
- cellular reprogramming (1)
- cellular senescence (1)
- cellular stress (1)
- cellular waveform (1)
- centomeres (1)
- central clocks (1)
- central nervous system (1)
- central-nervous-system (1)
- centrality (1)
- centromere (1)
- cephalotes (1)
- ceramidase (1)
- ceramide analogs (1)
- cereals (1)
- cerebEND cells (1)
- cerebral ischemia (1)
- cerebral metastases (1)
- chain (1)
- chain reaction (1)
- chalcidoid wasps (1)
- chalinolobus-tuberculatus (1)
- channelrhodopsin (1)
- channelrhodopsin-2 (1)
- chaperones (1)
- checkered beetles (1)
- chemical diversity (1)
- chemical ecology (1)
- chemical glycosylation (1)
- chemical similarity (1)
- chemische Familienabzeichen (1)
- chemokine receptor (1)
- chemosensory protein (1)
- chemosensory system (1)
- chemotherapy resistance (1)
- chemotypes (1)
- chi square tests (1)
- chimera formation (1)
- chimeric RTKs (1)
- chimpanzee (1)
- chlamydia serine proteases (1)
- chlamydial inclusion (1)
- chlorantraniliprole (1)
- chlorophyta (1)
- cholera (1)
- cholesterol (1)
- chondrosarcoma (1)
- chordotonal organ (1)
- chordotonal organs (1)
- chromatin assembly factors (1)
- chromosomes (1)
- chrysididae (1)
- ciliostasis (1)
- circRNA (1)
- circadian clock neurons (1)
- circadian mechanisms (1)
- circadian oscillators (1)
- circadian photoreception (1)
- circular DNA (1)
- circular transcriptome sequencing (1)
- circular-dichroism (1)
- citrus (1)
- classical conditioning (1)
- classification (1)
- clathrin (1)
- clausiliidae (1)
- click chemistry (1)
- click-chemistry (1)
- climate changes (1)
- climate factors (1)
- climate-change (1)
- climate‐smart pest management (1)
- climatic factors (1)
- climatic gradients (1)
- clinical genetics (1)
- clinical malformations (1)
- clock (1)
- clock network (1)
- clock reproduction ecology (1)
- clumping factor-B (1)
- cluster (1)
- co-immunoprecipitation (1)
- cocoa (1)
- coexistence (1)
- cognitive ability (1)
- cognitive functions (1)
- cohesin SMC1-Beta (1)
- coincidence (1)
- cold adaptation (1)
- cold stress (1)
- coleoptera (1)
- collagen (1)
- collections (1)
- collective building (1)
- collective pattern (1)
- collybistin (1)
- colon (1)
- colon cancer (1)
- colon resection (1)
- colonies (1)
- colony (1)
- colony survival (1)
- colony-stimulating factor (1)
- color (1)
- color discrimination (1)
- color lightness (1)
- color vision (1)
- coloration (1)
- colorectal carcinoma (1)
- colour patterns (1)
- comb (1)
- combinatorial drug predictions (1)
- combined retinal dystrophy (1)
- commercial grades (1)
- common garden experiment (1)
- communication (1)
- community composition (1)
- community data (1)
- community ecology (1)
- community functional-responses (1)
- community structure (1)
- community structures (1)
- community‐weighted mean (1)
- compaction (1)
- comparative sequence analysis (1)
- compartment boundary (1)
- compatible solutes and other metabolites (1)
- complement deposition (1)
- complex behavior (1)
- complex networks (1)
- complex traits (1)
- complex-III (1)
- complexes (1)
- complications (1)
- components (1)
- comportement des travailleurs (1)
- compound conditioning (1)
- compressed sensing (1)
- computational (1)
- computational biology and bioinformatics (1)
- computational modelling (1)
- computational prediction (1)
- computational systems biology (1)
- computer modelling (1)
- computer-assisted (1)
- concerted evolution (1)
- conditional sex allocation (1)
- conditioned response (1)
- conduction de protons (1)
- confidence interval (1)
- confidence intervals (1)
- confocal laser microscopy (1)
- confocal laser scanning microscopy (1)
- confocal-microscopy based automated quantification (1)
- conformational restriction (1)
- conifers (1)
- conjugate (1)
- conjugative transposition (1)
- connectance (1)
- connector (1)
- consanguinity (1)
- conservation biology (1)
- constraints (1)
- contact inhibition (1)
- containing neurons (1)
- contralateral breast cancer (1)
- contributes (1)
- control group (1)
- control profiles (1)
- conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (1)
- conversion (1)
- cool-season grass species (1)
- cooperative breeding (1)
- coprophagous beetles (1)
- copy number (1)
- copy-number alteration (1)
- coral reef ecosystem (1)
- coral reef resilience (1)
- corazonin (1)
- corn pollen (1)
- correlative light and electron microscopy (1)
- corticosteroids (1)
- corticotropin-releasing hormone (1)
- cost-effectiveness (1)
- cotton (1)
- cotton rats (1)
- counting (1)
- courtship displays (1)
- crematogaster (1)
- cristae (1)
- crop (1)
- crop diversity (1)
- crop management (1)
- crop modeling (1)
- crop models (1)
- crop pollination (1)
- crop rotation (1)
- crop yield (1)
- crops (1)
- cross pollination (1)
- cross-link repair (1)
- crossing-over (1)
- crotonase (1)
- cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- cryptic (1)
- cryptochrome/photolyase family (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- crystal-structure (1)
- crystallography (1)
- cultivation (1)
- cultures (1)
- cuticular chemistry (1)
- cuticular profiles (1)
- cyanine dyes (1)
- cycle (1)
- cycle regulation (1)
- cyclic nucleotide signaling (1)
- cylic GMP (1)
- cysteine restriction (1)
- cysteine synthase inhibitor (1)
- cytokine (1)
- cytokine profiling (1)
- cytokine release (1)
- cytokinin (1)
- cytokinin kinetin (1)
- cytosine base editor (CBE) toolbox (1)
- cytosol (1)
- cytosolic pH (1)
- cytostatic (1)
- cytotoxic T cells (1)
- c‐Myc (1)
- dCIRL (1)
- dMyc (1)
- damped circadian clock (1)
- damped-oscillator-model of photoperiodic clock (1)
- dart-poison frog (1)
- data mining/methods (1)
- data pool (1)
- data sharing (1)
- data storage (1)
- data-bank (1)
- date palm (1)
- dauer (1)
- day length (1)
- ddPCR (1)
- dead tree (1)
- dead-wood enrichment (1)
- deadwood experiments (1)
- death pathway sar locus (1)
- death rates (1)
- decentralized control (1)
- decline (1)
- declines (1)
- decomposition (1)
- deep learning (1)
- deep learning–artificial neural network (DL-ANN) (1)
- defense and evasion strategies (1)
- defense signaling (1)
- defenses (1)
- definition (1)
- defoliation severity (1)
- deformed wing virus (1)
- degradation (1)
- dehydrogenase (1)
- delayed development (1)
- delayed snowmelt (1)
- demographic stochasticity (1)
- dendritic cell (1)
- dendritic specializations (1)
- dendrobates pumilio (1)
- denritic cells (1)
- density (1)
- density-dependent dispersal (1)
- dentichasmias busseolae (1)
- dependent magnetosensitvity (1)
- depreissia decipiens (1)
- deprivation (1)
- depth (1)
- desert ants (1)
- desiccation resistance (1)
- design (1)
- determinant (1)
- determination locus (1)
- determining genes (1)
- detoxification (1)
- detoxified lipooligosaccharide (1)
- deubiquitinase (1)
- deubiquitinases (1)
- deuterostomes (1)
- developmental forms (1)
- developmental plasticity (1)
- developmental reprogramming (1)
- diacylglycerol (DAG) (1)
- diagnostic accuracy (1)
- dichthadiigynes (1)
- diet breadth (1)
- differential olfactory conditioning (1)
- differentially expressed genes (1)
- diffraction limit (1)
- digestive system (1)
- digit (1)
- dimeric peptide (1)
- dimerization (1)
- dimorphic expression (1)
- direct drivers (1)
- direct muss spectrometric profiling (1)
- direct oral anticoagulants (1)
- direct stochasticoptical reconstruction microscopy (1)
- direct thrombin inhibitor (1)
- discharge definition (1)
- discovery (1)
- discrimination (1)
- disease (1)
- disease model (1)
- diseases (1)
- dispersal distance (1)
- disruption project (1)
- distance (1)
- distance gradient (1)
- distance-decay function (1)
- distance‐based specialization index (1)
- disturbance extent (1)
- disturbance gradient (1)
- disturbance severity (1)
- disturbed humid area (1)
- divergent expression regulation (1)
- diversity–disturbance relationship (1)
- dmP53 (1)
- docking (1)
- dog (1)
- dog microbiome (1)
- domain-specific language (1)
- dominant optic atrophy (1)
- dominant-negative mutatio (1)
- dorsal clock neurons (1)
- dorsal raphe (1)
- dosage (1)
- doxorubicin (1)
- draft genome (1)
- drosophila (1)
- drosophila embryo (1)
- drosophila larvae (1)
- drosophila mushroom body (1)
- drug (1)
- drug design/partial agonists (1)
- drug discovery (1)
- drug release (1)
- drug repurposing (1)
- drug resistance (1)
- drug selection (1)
- drug-minded protein (1)
- dry-mounted samples (1)
- dunce (1)
- dung beetle (1)
- dung beetle coleoptera (1)
- dust microbiomes (1)
- dwelling bat (1)
- dye stains-all (1)
- dynamic protein-protein interactions (1)
- eEF1A1 (1)
- early diagnosis (1)
- early secretory pathway (1)
- ecdysis (1)
- echinocytes (1)
- eclosion (1)
- ecological network (1)
- ecological niche (1)
- ecological stoichiometry (1)
- economy services (1)
- ecosystem functioning (1)
- ecosystemservices (1)
- ectotherms (1)
- efficient intervention points (1)
- egg parasitism (1)
- electrolytes (1)
- electron cryo microscopy (1)
- electron cryo-microscopy (1)
- electroporation (1)
- electrostatic potential (1)
- element translocation (1)
- elementary body (1)
- elementary mode analysis (1)
- elementary modes (1)
- elevational diversity (1)
- elevational diversity patterns (1)
- elevational gradient (1)
- elevational gradients (1)
- elongation (1)
- embryonic stem-cells (1)
- embryos (1)
- emergence (1)
- emigration (1)
- encapsulation (1)
- encephalitis dementia (1)
- endemism (1)
- endocytic multivesicular bodies (1)
- endophytic fungi (1)
- endoplasmic reticulum (1)
- endoplasmic-reticulum (1)
- endoreplication (1)
- endosponge (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- enemy free space (1)
- enercy-richness hypothesis (1)
- energy homeostasis (1)
- energy restriction (1)
- enhance (1)
- enhancer (1)
- enteric glial cells (1)
- enteric nervous system (1)
- enteric pathogens (1)
- enterica serovar Typhimurium (1)
- entomology (1)
- envelope (1)
- environment (1)
- environmental association analysis (1)
- environmental correlation (1)
- environmental filtering (1)
- environmental impact (1)
- environmental justice (1)
- environmental monitoring (1)
- environmental variability (1)
- environments (1)
- enzyme (1)
- enzyme regulation (1)
- enzyme-linked immunoassays (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epidermal growth factor receptor (1)
- epidural block (1)
- epigenetic modification (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- epiphytic fern (1)
- epitope mapping (1)
- epitope prediction (1)
- eptesicus-fuscus (1)
- error (1)
- error-transfer (1)
- erythroyte invation (1)
- escherichia coli infections (1)
- estrogens (1)
- eucalyptus (1)
- eucera berlandi (1)
- euglena (1)
- euglenids (1)
- eukaryota (1)
- european beech forests (1)
- european countries (1)
- eusociality (1)
- evolution of myrmecophytism (1)
- evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) (1)
- evolutionary (1)
- evolutionary arms race (1)
- evolutionary biology (1)
- evolutionary genetics (1)
- evolutionary modelling (1)
- evolutionary mutant model (1)
- evolutionary response (1)
- ex vivo (1)
- exaptation (1)
- excitation-secretion coupling (1)
- excretory-secretory (1)
- exit (1)
- exocrine glands (1)
- exocytosis (1)
- exome (1)
- exotic plants (1)
- exotic species (1)
- explainability of machine learning (1)
- export (1)
- expressed sequence tag (1)
- expression analysis (1)
- expression plasmid (1)
- expression signature (1)
- expression site attenuation (1)
- extinction (1)
- extinction dynamics (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extracellular vesicle (1)
- extrafloral nectaries (1)
- eyes (1)
- factor 1-alpha (1)
- factor B (1)
- factor EEF1A2 (1)
- factor XA inhibitor (1)
- factor acetylhydrolase activity (1)
- facultatively intracellular pathogens (1)
- family (1)
- feature analysis (1)
- feature selection (1)
- feeding behavior (1)
- feeding experiment (1)
- feeding guilds (1)
- female choice (1)
- female reproductive tract (1)
- feral honey bees (1)
- fetal brain development (1)
- fetal cord blood (1)
- fetal programming (1)
- fibroblasts (1)
- field boundaries (1)
- filamentous Salmonella Typhimurium (1)
- finger protein 11 (1)
- fire (1)
- fishes Xiphophorus (1)
- fission (1)
- flagella (1)
- flagellar (1)
- flagellar motility (1)
- flagellar pocket collar (1)
- flagellate (1)
- flagellum (1)
- flg22 (1)
- flies (1)
- flight behaviour (1)
- flight characteristics (1)
- flight control (1)
- flippase (1)
- flooding (1)
- flooding disturbance (1)
- floral display (1)
- floral larceny (1)
- floral resource distribution (1)
- floral resources (1)
- flow (1)
- flower morphology (1)
- flower visitors (1)
- flower-visiting insects (1)
- flowering (1)
- flowering grassland plants (1)
- flowering plants (1)
- fluid collectives (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (1)
- fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (1)
- fluorescent dyes (1)
- fluorescent protein (1)
- fluorescent recombinant vaccinia virus (1)
- fluorophore (1)
- fluoxetine (1)
- flux balance analysis (1)
- flux measurements (1)
- fly pollination (1)
- flybow (1)
- foliar fungal community (1)
- folliculin (1)
- food bodies (1)
- food consumption (1)
- food resources (1)
- food safety (1)
- food web (1)
- forage resources (1)
- forager (1)
- foragers (1)
- foraging activities (1)
- foraging behavior (1)
- foraging behaviour (1)
- foraging patterns (1)
- forecasting (1)
- forest biodiversity (1)
- forest communities (1)
- forest conservation (1)
- forest conversion (1)
- forest degradation (1)
- forest disturbance (1)
- forest ecosystem science (1)
- forest edges (1)
- forest fire (1)
- forest fragmentation (1)
- forest hedges (1)
- forest pests (1)
- forest physiognomy (1)
- forest proximity (1)
- forest soils (1)
- forest specialists (1)
- forest succession (1)
- forestry (1)
- forests (1)
- format (1)
- formica cunicularia (1)
- formin (1)
- fragmented landscapes (1)
- frameshift (1)
- framework (1)
- free energy (1)
- friut fly behaviour (1)
- frontal cortex (1)
- fruit fly (1)
- fruit-quality (1)
- fuel wood (1)
- functional complementarity (1)
- functional modules (1)
- functional network analysis (1)
- functional redundancy (1)
- fungal diseases (1)
- fungal infection (1)
- fungal infection model (1)
- fungal physiology (1)
- fungicide (1)
- fungus community (1)
- fungus-farming (1)
- fungus-farming insects (1)
- fungus-plant interaction (1)
- fused in sarcoma (1)
- gain (1)
- gambiense (1)
- gametocyte (1)
- gamma (1)
- gamma H2AX-foci (1)
- gangliosides and lipid rafts (1)
- gap junction (1)
- gating (1)
- gefitinib (1)
- gel electrophoresis (1)
- gene activity (1)
- gene duplications (1)
- gene editing (1)
- gene encoding noggin (1)
- gene expression analysis (1)
- gene flow (1)
- gene ontology (1)
- gene prediction (1)
- gene regulator agr (1)
- gene regulatory network evolution (1)
- gene transfer (1)
- gene-expression (1)
- generation (1)
- genes (1)
- genes and chromosomes (1)
- genetic code expansion (1)
- genetic diagnosis (1)
- genetic dissection (1)
- genetic diversity (1)
- genetic loci (1)
- genetic markers (1)
- genetic oscillators (1)
- genetic regulatory network (1)
- genetic screen (1)
- genetically modified crops (1)
- genetically modified plants (1)
- genome analysis (1)
- genome assembly (1)
- genome browser (1)
- genome cells (1)
- genome collection (1)
- genome integrity (1)
- genome sequencing (1)
- genome-wide linkage analysis (1)
- genome-wide screen (1)
- genomic databases (1)
- genomic integrity (1)
- genomic libraries (1)
- genomic organization (1)
- genomic sequence (1)
- genomic traits (1)
- genomics research (1)
- genotype (1)
- genus Aspergillus (1)
- genus Xiphophorus (1)
- geographic biases (1)
- geographical variation (1)
- geometric mean (1)
- gephyrin (1)
- geriatric (1)
- germinal center (1)
- germination speed (1)
- gestational diabetes mellitus (1)
- glial cells (1)
- glioblastoma (1)
- global biomes (1)
- global dataset (1)
- global dispersal (1)
- globotriaosylceramide (1)
- glomeruli (1)
- glomerulus (1)
- glucose restriction (1)
- glucose transporter (1)
- glycerol (1)
- glycoengineering (1)
- glycolytic flux control (1)
- glycophyte Arabidopsis (1)
- glycoprotein Ib (1)
- glycoprotein incorporation (1)
- glycosphingolipids (1)
- gonadal development (1)
- gonococcal invasion (1)
- gonopodium (1)
- gradient (1)
- gradients (1)
- grass endophytes (1)
- grasshopper (1)
- grassland (1)
- graviception (1)
- gray tree frogs (1)
- green algae (1)
- green light perception (1)
- greenhouse gases (1)
- grey dunes (1)
- ground dwelling predators (1)
- ground-dwelling predators (1)
- ground‐dwelling predators (1)
- growing escherichia coli (1)
- growth and differentiation factor 5 (1)
- growth dimorphism (1)
- growth factor beta (1)
- growth hormone gene (1)
- guanylyl cyclase-A (1)
- guard cells (1)
- guides (1)
- guild constancy (1)
- gustatory receptors (Grs) (1)
- gut bacteria (1)
- gut barrier (1)
- gut microbiota (1)
- gut microflora (1)
- gynogeaesls (1)
- gypsy moth (1)
- habitat availability (1)
- habitat destruction (1)
- habitat filter (1)
- habitat heterogeneity (1)
- habitat information (1)
- habitat patch (1)
- habitat quality (1)
- habitat requirements (1)
- habitat suitability model (HSM) (1)
- habitat types (1)
- haemolymph (1)
- haircoat (1)
- halophilic fungus (1)
- halophyte (1)
- halophyte Thellungiella/Eutrema (1)
- hand pollination (1)
- hangover (1)
- harvesting (1)
- hawkmoth (1)
- head and neck cancer (1)
- head involution (1)
- health effects (1)
- hearing (1)
- hearing impairment (1)
- hearing loss (1)
- heat shock response (1)
- heat transfer (1)
- helicase (1)
- helitron (1)
- hematopoietic receptors (1)
- hemibrain (1)
- hemiptera (1)
- hemoglobin jet (1)
- hemolymph lipids (1)
- hemolysin (1)
- hemophilus influenzae (1)
- hepatic fibrosis (1)
- hepatitis B core protein (1)
- hepatitis B virus (1)
- hepatocyte-growth-factor (1)
- hepatotoxicity (1)
- herbivorous beetles (1)
- herbivorous diet (1)
- herbivorous insects (1)
- herbivory (1)
- herpes virus (1)
- heterochromatin (1)
- heterococcus (1)
- heterogamety (1)
- heterogeneous background (1)
- heterogenity (1)
- heterosis (1)
- high resolution visualisation (1)
- high throughput sequencing (1)
- high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) (1)
- high-pressure freezing (1)
- high-resolution imaging (1)
- high-risk Prostate Cancer (1)
- high-risk prostate cancer (1)
- high-throughput screening (1)
- higher pitch (1)
- hill numbers (1)
- hindbrain boundary (1)
- hippocampal (1)
- hippocampal mossy fiber bouton (1)
- hippocampal neurons (1)
- histidine kinase (1)
- histone H2AX (1)
- histone γH2AX (1)
- hive (1)
- hollow tree (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- homocysteine (1)
- homodimers (1)
- homology modeling (1)
- honey (1)
- honey bees and native bees (1)
- honeybee taste perception (1)
- hook complex (1)
- hormone transport (1)
- horses (1)
- host cell death (1)
- host cell interface (1)
- host discrimination (1)
- host pathogen interactions (1)
- host plant density (1)
- host recognition (1)
- host screening (1)
- host selection (1)
- host specificity (1)
- host-cells (1)
- host-pathogen adaption (1)
- hostparasitoid interactions (1)
- host–parasitoid interaction (1)
- hour-glass (1)
- hourglass clock (1)
- human african trypanosomiasis (1)
- human airway mucosa tissue models (1)
- human breast (1)
- human ectoparasite (1)
- human genomics (1)
- human growth factor (1)
- human immune system (1)
- human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) (1)
- human jagged1 (1)
- human melanoma (1)
- human microbiome (1)
- human mineralocorticoid receptor (1)
- human nasal epithelial cells (1)
- human pathogenic fungi (1)
- human tracheo-bronchial epithelial cells (1)
- human xenografted mouse models (1)
- humans (1)
- hybrid origin (1)
- hybrid-selected translation (1)
- hybridization (1)
- hybridogenesis (1)
- hybrids (1)
- hydrodynamics (1)
- hyper-IL-6 (1)
- hyphae (1)
- hypotonic solutions (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- hypoxia-independent (1)
- hypoxia-inducible factor 3A (1)
- hypthesis (1)
- iNOS (1)
- idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (1)
- illumina MiSeq platform (1)
- illumination microscopy (1)
- image analysis (1)
- image correlation spectroscopy (1)
- image data (1)
- image processing (1)
- imaginal disk (1)
- immigration (1)
- immune cells (1)
- immune epitope mapping (1)
- immune evasion (1)
- immune genes (1)
- immune organs (1)
- immune receptors (1)
- immune serum (1)
- immune-informatics (1)
- immunity (1)
- immuno-magnetic purification (1)
- immunofluorescence (1)
- immunofluorescence microscopy (1)
- immunohistochemistry (1)
- immunohistochemistry techniques (1)
- immunological cross-talk (1)
- immunotherapies (1)
- immunotherapy (1)
- impact (1)
- import (1)
- in silico analysis (1)
- in silico simulation (1)
- in situ hybridization (1)
- in vitro and in vivo expression (1)
- in vitro expression (1)
- in vitro kinase assay (1)
- in vivo toxicity (1)
- in-vivo expression (1)
- inclusion of nature in one’s self (1)
- indicator species (1)
- individual based model (1)
- individual based model (IBM) (1)
- individual based simulation (1)
- individual drug responses (1)
- individual-based simulation (1)
- individual-based simulations (1)
- individual‐based model (1)
- individuelles Kennen (1)
- indole-3-acetic acid (1)
- indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (1)
- indoor dust (1)
- indoxacarb (1)
- inducible factor-I (1)
- infected bee (1)
- infected-cell protein (1)
- infection biology (1)
- infection rates (1)
- infection spread (1)
- infections (1)
- infectious-disease diagnostics (1)
- inflammation mediators (1)
- infrared radiation (1)
- ingle-molecule microscopy (1)
- inhibition of H+ translocation (1)
- inhibitor (1)
- inhibitors (1)
- innate immune system (1)
- innexins (1)
- insect abundance (1)
- insect agriculture (1)
- insect collection (1)
- insect communities (1)
- insect conservation (1)
- insect disturbance (1)
- insect flight (1)
- insect fungal interactions (1)
- insect nutrition (1)
- insect pests (1)
- insect populations (1)
- insect standard brain atlas (1)
- insect timing (1)
- insect tracking (1)
- insect-fungus mutualism (1)
- insect-fungus symbiosis (1)
- insecticidal knockdown (1)
- insecticides (1)
- insights (1)
- instensively managed farmland (1)
- instinct (1)
- insulin resistance (1)
- insulin treatment (1)
- integrase (1)
- integrative genomics viewer (1)
- integrative management strategy (1)
- intelligence (1)
- intensification (1)
- interaction (1)
- interaction map (1)
- intercellular junctions (1)
- interferon γ (1)
- interleukin 2 (1)
- interleukin 4 (1)
- interleukins (1)
- intermediate disturbance hypothesis (1)
- intermediate host (1)
- intermuscular bone (1)
- internal transcribed spacer 2 (1)
- interolog (1)
- interpolation (1)
- interspecies comparison (1)
- interspecific aggression (1)
- interspecific comparison (1)
- inter‐tegular distance (1)
- intestinal control (1)
- intestinal enteroids (1)
- intestinal epithelial barrier (1)
- intra-annual time-series (1)
- intracellular bacteria (1)
- intracellular pH (1)
- intrinsic metabolism (1)
- introgression (1)
- introgressive hybridization (1)
- invasion protein-INLB (1)
- invasive species (1)
- invasiveness (1)
- inventory (1)
- invertebrate herbivory (1)
- ion channel (1)
- ion signaling (1)
- ion transport (1)
- ionizing radiation (1)
- irradiation (1)
- island biogeography (1)
- isoform (1)
- isosteviol sodium (1)
- isothiocyanates (1)
- isotopolog profiling (1)
- isthmic oragnizer (1)
- iterative shape averaging (1)
- jewel beetles (1)
- jumping spiders (1)
- junction proteins (1)
- kappa-B (1)
- katydids orthoptera (1)
- ketogenic diet (1)
- ketone bodies (1)
- key innovation (1)
- kidney cancer (1)
- kidneys (1)
- kin competition (1)
- kin-selection (1)
- kinase inhibitors (1)
- kinesin (1)
- kinetics (1)
- kinetin (1)
- kisspeptin/galanin/spexin signalling (1)
- knockout (1)
- laboratory techniques and procedures (1)
- lactate dehydrogenase (1)
- lactic acid bacteria (1)
- lactobacillus (1)
- laminopathies (1)
- lamins (1)
- lampbrush chromosomes (1)
- land sharing (1)
- land use intensification (1)
- land-use (1)
- land-use intensification (1)
- landmark (1)
- landmark panorama (1)
- landsat (1)
- landscape (1)
- landscape complexity (1)
- landscape compositionv (1)
- landscape diversity (1)
- landscape ecology (1)
- landscape structure (1)
- lantana canescens (1)
- laparoscopic appendectomy (1)
- laparoscopic right colectomy (1)
- larva (1)
- larval and pupal development (1)
- larval density (1)
- latency (1)
- latitudinal gradient (1)
- leaf beetle (1)
- leaf nitrogen content (1)
- leaf response (1)
- leaf-cutter ants (1)
- leaf-litter utilization (1)
- learning curve (1)
- learning performances (1)
- leaves (1)
- left hemicolectomy (1)
- legionary ants (1)
- lentic inland water bodies (1)
- leptomeningeal cells (1)
- lethality rate (1)
- lexicography (1)
- library screening (1)
- life cycle (1)
- life history (1)
- life span (1)
- life stage (1)
- life-cycle (1)
- life-history (1)
- life-history traits (1)
- life-span regulation (1)
- ligand CD55 (1)
- ligand-gated ion channels (1)
- ligand-receptor complex (1)
- light avoidance (1)
- light pulses (1)
- light stimuli (1)
- light-driven metabolism (1)
- light-gated proteins (1)
- light-induced gene expression (1)
- light-trapping (1)
- light‐gated (1)
- likelihood approach (1)
- limiting dilution cloning (1)
- linkage map (1)
- lipid asymmetry (1)
- lipid bilayer (1)
- lipid desaturation (1)
- lipids (1)
- lipogenesis (1)
- liposome (1)
- listeria-monocytogenes (1)
- liver (1)
- liver metastasis (1)
- livestock (1)
- ln vitro mutagenesis (1)
- local cues (1)
- local enhancement (1)
- localization micoscopy (1)
- location behavior (1)
- locomotion (1)
- long-distance dispersal (1)
- long-term outcome (1)
- long-term reuse (1)
- long-term-memory (1)
- long‐term monitoring (1)
- look-back behavior (1)
- low carb (1)
- low fidelity (1)
- low-grade mucinous neoplasm (1)
- low-secretion phenotype mutants (1)
- lowland beech forests (1)
- lowland rainforest (1)
- lowland river banks (1)
- lridophores (1)
- lung fibrosis (1)
- lungfish (1)
- lymph nodes (1)
- lymphocyte activation (1)
- lymphocytes (1)
- lymphotoxicity (1)
- lysosomal recruitment (1)
- m7G cap (1)
- mRNA and gene (1)
- mRNA cap (1)
- mRNA decapping (1)
- mRNP-Proteins (1)
- mTOR (1)
- macro moths (1)
- macro- and micro-elements (1)
- macroecology (1)
- macroglomerulus (1)
- macrophages immunobiology (1)
- major environmental values (1)
- major histocompatibility complex (1)
- male bees (1)
- male mating success (1)
- male size polymorphism (1)
- male-specific traits (1)
- males emerge (1)
- malignant tumors (1)
- mammalian CRY1 (1)
- mammalian cells (1)
- mammalian septins (1)
- mammalian system (1)
- managed grasslands (1)
- map (1)
- markers (1)
- marrow stromal cells (1)
- mass spectometry (1)
- master sex-determining gene (1)
- mate recognition (1)
- material composition (1)
- mathematical modeling (1)
- mating preference (1)
- matrix metalloproteinases (1)
- maturation signal (1)
- mean annual temperature (1)
- mean fruit body size (1)
- measles (1)
- mechanics (1)
- mechanism (1)
- mechanisms of persister formation (1)
- mechanistic model (1)
- mechanistic modelling (1)
- mechanobiology (1)
- mechanotransduction (1)
- medaka fish (1)
- medakafish oryzias latipes (1)
- media geométrica (1)
- median and dorsal raphe (1)
- medical and biological imaging (1)
- medida de la biodiversidad (1)
- megakaryocytes (1)
- meiotic chromosome dynamics (1)
- meiotic prophase (1)
- melanogenesis (1)
- melanoma ; oncogene regulation ; esterase ; molecular marker sequences (1)
- melanoma malignancy (1)
- meliponines (1)
- membrane biophysics (1)
- membrane characteristics (1)
- membrane fission (1)
- membrane immunoglobulin (1)
- membrane occupation (1)
- membrane organization (1)
- membrane recycling (1)
- membrane structures (1)
- membrane trafficking (1)
- memory formation (1)
- memory immune responses (1)
- meningeal blood-csf barrier (1)
- meningococcal disease (1)
- menstrual cycles (1)
- mesenchymal stem-cells (1)
- meta-data (1)
- meta-transcriptome (1)
- metaanalysis (1)
- metabolic modelling (1)
- metabolic network model (1)
- metabolic pathways (1)
- metabolic profile (1)
- metabolism and growth (1)
- metabolism of infected and uninfected host cells (1)
- metabolome (1)
- metabolomic profiling (1)
- metabotropic signalling (1)
- metastasis-directed therapy (1)
- metastatic melanoma (1)
- methionine (1)
- methods (1)
- methylation array (1)
- methylene blue (1)
- miR-126 (1)
- miR-146a (1)
- miR-193a (1)
- miR-205 (1)
- miR-21 (1)
- miR-22 (1)
- miRNAs (1)
- microRNA-221 (1)
- microRNA–target interaction (1)
- microarray (1)
- microbes (1)
- microbial community abundance and compositions (1)
- microbial diversity (1)
- microbiology (1)
- microbiology techniques (1)
- microbiome metabarcoding (1)
- microbiomes (1)
- microbot (1)
- microdissection (1)
- microenvironment (1)
- microhabitats (1)
- microsatellites (1)
- microstates (1)
- microstructure (1)
- microtubule cytoskeleton (1)
- microvilli (1)
- mikroskopische Untersuchung (1)
- mimecan (1)
- mimicry rings (1)
- mini-exon (1)
- miniature schnauzer (1)
- mitigation strategies (1)
- mitochondrial ADP (1)
- mitochondrial DNA (1)
- mitochondrial activity (1)
- mitochondrial genome (1)
- mitochondrial membrane (1)
- mitochondrially translated (1)
- mitochondrion (1)
- mitofilin (1)
- mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) (1)
- mitotic genes (1)
- mixed hearing loss (1)
- mixed models (1)
- mixed-species forestry (1)
- mobility (1)
- model reduction (1)
- model selection (1)
- modeling (1)
- modular tumor tissue models (1)
- modularity (1)
- modulates virulence (1)
- modulating (1)
- modulation (1)
- modulatory effects (1)
- modules (1)
- mole crickets (1)
- molecular conformation (1)
- molecular diversity (1)
- molecular dynamics simulation (1)
- molecular evolution (1)
- molecular mass (1)
- molecular mechanism (1)
- molecular mechanisms (1)
- molecular mobility (1)
- molecular modeling (1)
- molecular modelling (1)
- molecular recognition (1)
- molecular systematics (1)
- molecular-dynamics simulations (1)
- molting (1)
- monitoring (1)
- monoallelic expression (1)
- monoclonal antibody (1)
- monoclonal stable cell (1)
- monoclonial gammopathy (1)
- monocytes (1)
- monodelphis domestica (1)
- monolayer (1)
- moon (1)
- more-individuals hypothesis (1)
- morphogenetic furrow progression (1)
- morphogenetic protein receptors (1)
- morphology (1)
- mortality rate (1)
- mortality rates (1)
- mossy fiber synapses (1)
- moth manduca sexta (1)
- moths (1)
- moths and butterflies (1)
- motile behaviour (1)
- motility (1)
- motor proteins (1)
- mountain biodiversity (1)
- mountain ecology (1)
- mountain ecosystems (1)
- mouse microbiome (1)
- mouse models (1)
- mouse testis differentiation (1)
- mouse xenografts (1)
- mouse-brain (1)
- movement ecology (1)
- mtDNA (1)
- mullerian hormone AMH (1)
- multi-electrode-recording (1)
- multi-species approach (1)
- multi-unit recording (1)
- multidrug-resistant bacteria (1)
- multimodal (1)
- multiple linear regression (1)
- multiple myeloma (1)
- multiple sequence alignments (1)
- multisensory integration (1)
- multisensory navigation (1)
- multispecies metapopulation (1)
- multispecies studies (1)
- multitrophic (1)
- multivariate analyses (1)
- murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (1)
- mushroom body calyx (1)
- mustard oil bomb (1)
- mutation detection (1)
- mutation screening (1)
- mutations (1)
- mutualistic interactions (1)
- mycoplasma tests (1)
- mycotoxins (1)
- myoinhibitory peptide (1)
- myrmrcophytism (1)
- nacreous layer formation (1)
- nanoarchitecture (1)
- nanocarrier (1)
- nanocellulose (1)
- nanocomplex (1)
- nanoscale imaging (1)
- nanotube formation (1)
- nanovesicle formation (1)
- nasopharyngeal colonization (1)
- native bees (1)
- native pollinators (1)
- native populations (1)
- natriuretic peptides (1)
- natural disturbances (1)
- natural enemy (1)
- natural environment (1)
- natural killer cell (1)
- natural killer cells (1)
- natural processing (1)
- naturalistic stimuli (1)
- naturalized species (1)
- naturally occurring polymorphisms (1)
- nature conservation (1)
- ncuCyte\(^®\)S3 (1)
- nearest-neighbour dispersal (1)
- nectar (1)
- nectar macronutrients (1)
- negative density dependence (1)
- neisseria gonorrhoeae (1)
- neoadjuvant (1)
- neobellieria bullata (1)
- neophyte trees (1)
- neotropical region (1)
- nepenthes bicalcarata (1)
- nephroblastomatosis (1)
- nervous-system (1)
- nervous-sytem (1)
- nest material (1)
- nest microbiota (1)
- nest site selection (1)
- nesting (1)
- nesting ecology (1)
- nesting habit (1)
- nestmate recognition cues (1)
- netcar-feeding bats (1)
- network (1)
- network biology (1)
- network inference (1)
- network simulation (1)
- network specialization index (H2′) (1)
- neural coding (1)
- neural crest (1)
- neural networks (1)
- neural stem-cells (1)
- neuraminidase (1)
- neuroblast growth (1)
- neuroblastoma (1)
- neuroblastoma cell (1)
- neuroblastoma – diagnosis (1)
- neurodevelopment (1)
- neurogenic locus notch homolog (1)
- neuroimaging (1)
- neuronal (1)
- neuronal and synaptic plasticity (1)
- neuronal development (1)
- neuronal network (1)
- neuronal plasticity (1)
- neurons form (1)
- neuropeptide (1)
- neuropeptide pathway (1)
- neuropeptide signalling (1)
- neuropeptidomics (1)
- neuropil (1)
- neuropils (1)
- neuroprotection (1)
- neuropsychiatric disorders (1)
- neuroscience (1)
- neurospheres (1)
- neurotransmitter (1)
- neurotrophic factors (1)
- neutral processes (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (1)
- neutral theory (1)
- neutralizing antibodies (1)
- neutrophil transmigration (1)
- neutrophils (1)
- next-generation sequencing (1)
- niche (1)
- niche breadth (1)
- niche partitioning (1)
- nicotinic acetylcholine-receptors (1)
- nitric oxide (1)
- nitrogen (1)
- nitrogen uptake (1)
- non-SBI fungicide (1)
- non-crop habitats (1)
- non-invasive biomarkers (1)
- non-muscle myosin (1)
- non-sense mediated mRNA decay (1)
- non-small cell lung cancer (1)
- noncovalent complex (1)
- noncovalent nanocomplex (1)
- none (1)
- nonhost plant (1)
- nonhuman-primates (1)
- non‐native plants (1)
- normal distribution (1)
- northern Tanzania (1)
- norway spruce (1)
- novel disturbance (1)
- nuclear antigen (1)
- nuclear export (1)
- nuclear import (1)
- nuclear lamina (1)
- nuclear pore complex (1)
- nuclear proe (1)
- nuclear-pore complexes (1)
- nucleator (1)
- nucleic acid motifs (1)
- nucleologenesis (1)
- nucleosome (1)
- nucleotide exchange (1)
- nucleotide sequence (1)
- nucleotide-gated channel (1)
- number of interactions (1)
- numerical cognition (1)
- numerical model (1)
- nurse bee (1)
- nurse bees (1)
- nurses (1)
- nursing (1)
- nutritional adaptations (1)
- nutritional ecology (1)
- nyctalus noctula (1)
- nympahlidae (1)
- oaks (1)
- obstructive pulmonary disease (1)
- octogenerians (1)
- octopamine receptors (1)
- odor marks (1)
- odorants (1)
- oil bees (1)
- oil palm plantations (1)
- oil seed rape (1)
- oil-seed rape (1)
- olfactomedin 4 (1)
- olfactometer (1)
- olfactory glomeruli (1)
- olfactory information (1)
- olfactory learning (1)
- oligorecurrence (1)
- olyelectrolyte domains (1)
- omics (1)
- oncogene amplification (1)
- oncogene-induced senescence (1)
- oncogenic transformation (1)
- oncolytic virus therapy (1)
- oncolytic viruses (1)
- oogenesis (1)
- oophaga pumilio (1)
- open appendectomy (1)
- operational sex ratio (1)
- ophrys heldreichii (1)
- opoisomerase I (1)
- optic flow (1)
- optic lobes (1)
- optical control (1)
- optical reconstruction microscopy (1)
- optical tracts (1)
- optimal drug combination (1)
- optimal drug targeting (1)
- optimal pharmacological modulation (1)
- optimal treatment strategies (1)
- orb web geometry (1)
- oreochromis niloticus (1)
- organic amendment (1)
- organismal evolution (1)
- organogenesis (1)
- organoid (1)
- organoids (1)
- origin (1)
- orthopoxvirus (1)
- oryzias latipes (1)
- oryzias-latipes (1)
- oscillator (1)
- osmia (1)
- osmotic effects (1)
- osteoblast differentiation (1)
- osteocytes (1)
- osteoglycin (1)
- otitis media (1)
- outer membrane proteins (1)
- outer-membrane proteins (1)
- ovarian cancer (1)
- ovarian tumor (1)
- ovary (1)
- overfishing (1)
- overstory (1)
- oviposition site (1)
- oxaliplatin (1)
- oxidative phosphorylation (1)
- ozone (O3) (1)
- pH (1)
- pacemaker neuron (1)
- packaging (1)
- painful (1)
- painted nest preference (1)
- paleoecology (1)
- palynolog (1)
- palynology (1)
- pancreatectomy (1)
- pancreatic cancer (1)
- pangolin (1)
- panorama (1)
- pantanal wetland (1)
- parabiosis (1)
- parabiotic ants (1)
- parabiotic association (1)
- paracrine release (1)
- parallel evolution (1)
- paralogs (1)
- paranodopathy (1)
- parasite evolution (1)
- parasite genetics (1)
- parasites (1)
- parasitic life cycles (1)
- parasitism (1)
- parasitoid (1)
- parasitoids (1)
- parasitology (1)
- parasitophorous vacuole (1)
- parten-offspring conflict (1)
- partial agonists (1)
- partial least square regression (1)
- particles (1)
- particulate matter (1)
- passes (1)
- passive transfer (1)
- patch size (1)
- paternal introgression (1)
- path integration (1)
- pathogen (1)
- pathogen vacuole (1)
- pathogen vector (1)
- pathogen-host interaction (PHI) (1)
- pathogenesis (1)
- pathogenic bacteria (1)
- pathogens (1)
- pathways (1)
- patient data (1)
- patient-derived organoid (PDOs) (1)
- patient-derived tumor organoid (PDTO) (1)
- pattern recognition receptors (1)
- patterns (1)
- pediatric (1)
- pediatric adrenocortical adenoma (1)
- pediatric adrenocortical cancer (1)
- pediatric adrenocortical tumor (1)
- pediatrics (1)
- peptidase inhibitor PI15 (1)
- peptide (1)
- peptide inhibitor design (1)
- peptide inhibitor of envelopment (1)
- peptide microarray (1)
- peptidomoics (1)
- perennial ryegrass (1)
- performance liquid chromatography (1)
- perfusion-based bioreactor system (1)
- period (1)
- peripheral clocks (1)
- peripheral nervous system (1)
- peripheral-blood (1)
- peritoneal metastasis (1)
- permeability (1)
- persistence (1)
- personalized medicine (1)
- pest (1)
- pest control (1)
- pest species (1)
- pesticide (1)
- pesticide mixture (1)
- pesticides (1)
- pestis infection (1)
- pests (1)
- phage (1)
- phagosomalescape (1)
- phagosome maturation arrest (1)
- phenological escape (1)
- phenological response (1)
- phenological shift (1)
- phenology shifts (1)
- phenotype (1)
- pheromone (1)
- pheromone trail (1)
- pheromones (1)
- philanthidae (1)
- phlorizin (1)
- phosphates (1)
- phosphatidylethanolamine (1)
- phosphatidylserine (1)
- phosphatidylserine transport (1)
- phosphoglycolate phosphatase (1)
- phosphorylation sites (1)
- photoactivation (1)
- photodynamic chemotherapy (1)
- photodynamic therapy (1)
- photolyase (1)
- photoperiodic time mesurement (1)
- photorespiration (1)
- phototaxis (1)
- phototropin (1)
- phyllosphere (1)
- phylogenetic analysis (1)
- phylogenetic tree (1)
- phylogenomics (1)
- physical properties (1)
- physiological constraints (1)
- physiological parameters (1)
- physiological traits (1)
- phytohormones (1)
- phytophagous beetles (1)
- pied flycatchers (1)
- pig microbiome (1)
- pigment pattern (1)
- pigment-dispersing factor (1)
- pili and fimbriae (1)
- pines (1)
- pitcher-plant mosquito (1)
- plant bacteria (1)
- plant community composition (1)
- plant composition (1)
- plant ecology (1)
- plant evolution (1)
- plant fresh/dry weight (1)
- plant functional traits (1)
- plant genomics (1)
- plant growth (1)
- plant guilds (1)
- plant hormones (1)
- plant invasion (1)
- plant physiology (1)
- plant quality (1)
- plant richness (1)
- plant system (1)
- plant vigour (1)
- plant-animal interactions (1)
- plant-herbivore interactions (1)
- plant-insect-microbe interactions (1)
- plantago lanceolata (1)
- plantations (1)
- plant–bee visitation networks (1)
- plant–herbivore interactions (1)
- plant–microbe–pollinator triangle (1)
- plant–pollinator interaction (1)
- plant–pollinator interactions (1)
- plaque assay (1)
- plaque isolation (1)
- plasma membrane (1)
- plasma membrane depolarization (1)
- plasmodium falciparum (1)
- platelet (1)
- platelet activation factor (1)
- platform (1)
- platyfish (1)
- pneumonic plague (1)
- pocket factor (1)
- poeciliid fishes (1)
- poeciliidae (1)
- polar ion transport (1)
- polarization (1)
- polarization vision (1)
- polarized cell culture (1)
- polarized epithelium (1)
- policy (1)
- pollen and nectar resources (1)
- pollen beetle (1)
- pollen limitation (1)
- pollen metabarcoding (1)
- pollen nutrients (1)
- pollen provisions (1)
- pollen quality (1)
- pollen tube (1)
- pollination ecology (1)
- pollination services (1)
- pollinator attraction (1)
- pollinator diversity (1)
- pollinator friendly plants (1)
- pollinator interactions (1)
- pollution (1)
- polyarcylamide gels (1)
- polycistronic mRNA (1)
- polyelectrolyte domains (1)
- polyergus rufescens (1)
- polymerase (1)
- polyploidy (1)
- population (1)
- population coverage (1)
- population divergence (1)
- population structure (1)
- pore (1)
- post-fire management (1)
- post-harvest quality (1)
- postoperative inflammation (1)
- posttranscriptional regulation (1)
- potassium channel (1)
- potential role (1)
- poxvirus (1)
- pp6oc-src (1)
- precedes multiple-myeloma (1)
- precision agriculture (1)
- precision-cut tumor slices (1)
- preclinical model (1)
- predation (1)
- predation risk (1)
- predator-exclusion (1)
- predictive factors (1)
- predictive modeling (1)
- preference–performance hypothesis (1)
- prefrontal cortex (1)
- pregnancy (1)
- premature aging (1)
- preproteins (1)
- presynapse (1)
- presynaptic (1)
- presynaptic calcium (1)
- presynaptic differentiation (1)
- presynaptic homeostasis (1)
- presynaptic plasticity (1)
- prey (1)
- prey growth rate (1)
- prey selection (1)
- prezygotic reproductive isolation (1)
- primary biliary-cirrhosis (1)
- primary tumor cell culture (1)
- primeval forest (1)
- principal (1)
- principal component analysis (1)
- pristine forests (1)
- pro-oxidant (1)
- proGenomes (1)
- probes (1)
- proboscis extension reflex (1)
- proboscis extension response (1)
- procambarus-clarkii (1)
- productivity (1)
- productivity hypothesis (1)
- profile distances (1)
- progenitors (1)
- progeria (1)
- prognosis (1)
- prognostic factors (1)
- prognostic marker (1)
- prokaryotic clade (1)
- prokaryotic subspecies (1)
- prolactin (1)
- proliferation assays (1)
- prolonged survival (1)
- promoter (1)
- promoter affinity (1)
- propagation (1)
- proportion of seminatural habitat (1)
- protandry (1)
- protease (1)
- protease; Indinavir; lead expansion; docking; pharmacophore (1)
- proteasome system (1)
- protected forests (1)
- protein analysis (1)
- protein biosynthesis & quality control (1)
- protein chip (1)
- protein complexes (1)
- protein crowding (1)
- protein docking (1)
- protein expression (1)
- protein familiy (1)
- protein interaction database (1)
- protein interactions (1)
- protein kinases (1)
- protein pathway (1)
- protein phosphorylation (1)
- protein processing (1)
- protein synthesis (1)
- protein tyrosine kinase (1)
- protein-coupled receptors (1)
- protein-interaction networks (1)
- protein-protein interaction (PPI) (1)
- protein-protein interaction network (1)
- protein-protein interactions (1)
- protein-protein recognition (1)
- proteines membranaires (1)
- proteolipid (1)
- proteome (1)
- proteomic analysis (1)
- protocadherin gamma cluster (1)
- proton channel (1)
- proton conduction (1)
- protooncogene (1)
- protophormia terraenovae (1)
- prototheca (1)
- protozoan (1)
- proximity labeling (1)
- proximity ligation (1)
- psbA/rbcL spacer (1)
- pseudomas-syringae (1)
- puberty (1)
- pulmonata (1)
- pyramidal neurons (1)
- pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (1)
- quali-chick chimeras (1)
- quality (1)
- quality control (1)
- quantification (1)
- quantitative stigmergy (1)
- quantity discrimination (1)
- queens (1)
- quinoa (1)
- rDNA (1)
- radial (1)
- radial glia (1)
- radiation (1)
- radiation response (1)
- radiofrequency identification (1)
- radiotherapy (1)
- rafflesiana (1)
- rain forest (1)
- rainforest (1)
- rana temporaria populations (1)
- random forest (1)
- range limits (1)
- range shifts (1)
- rapid evolution (1)
- rare (1)
- ras (1)
- rat calyx (1)
- rat hepatocytes (1)
- rat hippocampal neurons (1)
- rational drug design (1)
- re-annotation (1)
- reactivating p53 and inducing tumor apoptosis (RITA) (1)
- reactive electrophilic species (1)
- reactive oxygen (1)
- real-time (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinase (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinases (1)
- recognition nexus domain (1)
- recognize images (1)
- recolonization (1)
- recombinant protein rVE (1)
- recombinant proteins (1)
- recombinat-human-erythropoietin (1)
- reconstruction microscopy (1)
- recreation (1)
- rectal cancer (1)
- rectal resection (1)
- rectum (1)
- red blood cells (1)
- red lists (1)
- redox homeostasis (1)
- regime shift (1)
- regional species pool (1)
- regression analysis (1)
- regulatory T cells (1)
- regulatory circuit downstream (1)
- regulatory networks (1)
- regulatory regions (1)
- relA (1)
- relative abundance (1)
- relevance (1)
- reliability (1)
- remote sensing‐enabled essential biodiversity variables (1)
- renal cancer (1)
- renal cell carcinoma (1)
- replication stress (1)
- reporter gene (1)
- reproductive asynchrony (1)
- reproductive character displacement (1)
- reproductive diapause (1)
- reproductive health (1)
- reproductive performance (1)
- reproductive toxicity (1)
- reprogamming of host cell metabolism (1)
- rescue behavior (1)
- resolution limit (1)
- resonance theory (1)
- resource allocation (1)
- resource availability (1)
- resource selection (1)
- resources (1)
- response regulator (1)
- resting-state (1)
- restoration strategy (1)
- reticulate body (1)
- retinal development (1)
- retinal differentiation (1)
- retinal dystrophies (1)
- retinoblastoma protein (1)
- retrotransposons (1)
- reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (1)
- reward (1)
- rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- rhodopsin (1)
- rhythm (1)
- rhythmic components (1)
- rhythms (1)
- ribosomal RNA (1)
- ribosomes (1)
- riboswitch (1)
- rice–plant infection (1)
- richtersius coronifer (1)
- riesgo de extinción (1)
- riparian ecology (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- risk factor (1)
- risk management (1)
- risk stratification (1)
- river restoration (1)
- robotic surgery (1)
- robustness (1)
- rocus sieberi (1)
- rolling-circle transposons (1)
- root (1)
- rove beetle (1)
- rs112587690 (1)
- rs12628 (1)
- rural domain (1)
- sRNA (1)
- sacbrood virus (1)
- saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)
- saccharomyes cerevisiae (1)
- salinity (1)
- salinity stress (1)
- salivary gland (1)
- salt tolerance (1)
- salvage logging (1)
- salvage radiotherapy (1)
- sample (1)
- sampling behavior (1)
- sampling bias (1)
- saprobic and ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes (1)
- saproxylic organisms (1)
- saproxylic species (1)
- sarcomere (1)
- sarcopterygian fish (1)
- satellite (1)
- satellite DNA (1)
- savanna woodland (1)
- scaffold search (1)
- scalable functional genomic screening (1)
- scanning electron microscopy (1)
- scavender receptor (1)
- schizosaccaromyces-pombe (1)
- screening (1)
- seahorse (1)
- season (1)
- seasonal phenology (1)
- secondary invader (1)
- secondary site infection (1)
- secreted effectors (1)
- seed yield (1)
- segmental progeria (1)
- self-renewal (1)
- semantic segmentation (1)
- semi‐natural habitats (1)
- sensitization (1)
- sensor (1)
- sensory cues (1)
- sensory neurons (1)
- sensory physiology (1)
- sensory systems (1)
- sentinel prey (1)
- sentinel-2 (1)
- sept3 (1)
- sept5a (1)
- sept5b (1)
- septin (1)
- sequence (1)
- sequence assembly tools (1)
- sequence motif analysis (1)
- sequence subunit (1)
- sequencing (1)
- sequencing data (1)
- sequential introduction (1)
- sequential mate choice (1)
- serotonin transporter (1)
- serotonin-specific neurons (1)
- serum (1)
- sesame (1)
- set (1)
- sex chromosome evolution (1)
- sex combs (1)
- sex linked pigmentation pattern (1)
- sex pheromone (1)
- sex pheromones (1)
- sex-biased dispersal (1)
- sex-determining genes. (1)
- sex-determining region (1)
- sex-specific competition (1)
- sex-specific mortality (1)
- sexual antagonistic genes (1)
- sexual conflict (1)
- sexual deception (1)
- sexual development (1)
- sexual development dysgenesis (1)
- sexual dimorphism (1)
- sexual dimorphism in timing (1)
- sexually antagonistic genes (1)
- shade cover (1)
- shannon index (1)
- shear stress (1)
- shelf life (1)
- shoot apical meristem (1)
- shootin-1 (1)
- shoot–root interaction (1)
- short‐rotation coppice (1)
- shrub‐cover (1)
- signal peptide peptidase (1)
- signal tranduction (1)
- signalling (1)
- signalling pathways (1)
- silico model (1)
- silk (1)
- silkworm (1)
- silver staining (1)
- similarity (1)
- simple repeat sequences (1)
- simple repetitive sequences (1)
- simpson's index (1)
- single cell analysis (1)
- single molecule localization microscopy (1)
- single strand blocking (1)
- single-electron transistors (1)
- single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- single-molecule photobleaching (1)
- single-molecule tracking (1)
- single-port appendectomy (1)
- single-trial learning (1)
- size determination (1)
- size dimorphism (1)
- size polymorpbism (1)
- skin (1)
- sky compass (1)
- sky-compass orientation (1)
- sky-compass pathway (1)
- sleep/activity (1)
- small RNA-sequencing (1)
- small cell lung cancer (1)
- small interfering RNAs (1)
- small interferring RNA (1)
- small intestinal submucosa scaffold (1)
- small-colony variants (1)
- snags (1)
- snoRNA (1)
- snowmelt (1)
- social (1)
- social bees (1)
- social behavior (1)
- social calls (1)
- social immunity (1)
- social insect (1)
- social insects (1)
- social parasitism (1)
- sociality (1)
- sodal domlnance (1)
- sodium (1)
- soil (1)
- soil characteristics (1)
- soil fauna (1)
- soil macrofauna (1)
- solution scattering (1)
- solvent (1)
- sonic hedghog (1)
- sound production (1)
- southern hybridization (1)
- sown flower field age and size (1)
- space-for-time approach (1)
- spanlastic (1)
- spatial representation (1)
- spatial scales (1)
- spatial variation (1)
- spatially structured population (1)
- specialists (1)
- species as individuals (1)
- species as natural kinds (1)
- species coexistence mechanism (1)
- species community composition (1)
- species composition (1)
- species diversification (1)
- species energy theory (1)
- species gastropoda (1)
- species interactions (1)
- species problem (1)
- species range shifts (1)
- species richness estimation (1)
- species traits (1)
- species turnover (1)
- species‐area hypothesis (1)
- spectral sensitivity (1)
- spectrometry-based proteomics (1)
- sperm (1)
- sperm head formation (1)
- spermatogenic cell sorting (1)
- spermiogenesis (1)
- sphingolipid expansion microscopy (1)
- sphingomyelinase (1)
- sphingomyelinase release (1)
- sphingosine (1)
- sphingosine 1-phosphate (1)
- sphingosine kinases (1)
- sphingosine-1-phosphate (1)
- spidroin (1)
- spire (1)
- spiroplasma (1)
- spliceosomes (1)
- splicing (1)
- splicing factors (1)
- spot size (1)
- squalius alburnoides (1)
- squamous (1)
- squamous cell carcinoma (1)
- squamous tumors (1)
- stability (1)
- stable state (1)
- stable-isotope (1)
- stage III (1)
- stalk cell (1)
- stalking predators (1)
- standard schnauzer (1)
- standing deadwood (1)
- standing variation (1)
- staphylinid beetles (1)
- staphylococcal alpha-toxin (1)
- staphylococcus aureus (1)
- statistical disperison (1)
- statistics (1)
- stem arena (1)
- stem cell niche (1)
- stem cell transplantation (1)
- stem weevil (1)
- stem-cell (1)
- stem-cell-triggered immunity (1)
- stemness (1)
- stepping patterns (1)
- stocks (1)
- stomata (1)
- stomatal conductance (1)
- strategies (1)
- strategy (1)
- stratification (1)
- strawberry (1)
- stress (1)
- stress conditions (1)
- stringent response (1)
- structural insights (1)
- structure (1)
- structure-activity relationship (1)
- structure-function relationships (1)
- structured illumination (1)
- structured illumination microscope (1)
- study design (1)
- study system (1)
- sturgeon karyotype (1)
- sublethal effect (1)
- sublethal effects (1)
- substrate channeling (1)
- substrate quality (1)
- subungual (1)
- subunit stoichiometry (1)
- succession (1)
- successional trajectory (1)
- sucrose (1)
- sucrose sensitivity (1)
- sugar responsiveness (1)
- sulfate (1)
- sulforaphane (1)
- super resolution microscopy (1)
- super-resolution imaging (1)
- super-resolution microscopy (SRM) (1)
- superior (1)
- superoxide-dismutase (1)
- surface (1)
- surface proteins (1)
- surface water (1)
- surgery (1)
- surgical care (1)
- surgical oncology (1)
- surgical site infection (1)
- surveillance (1)
- survival analysis (1)
- sustainable (1)
- swimming (1)
- swordtails (1)
- symbiont selection (1)
- synapse formation (1)
- synapse structure (1)
- synaptic complexes (1)
- synaptic connections (1)
- synaptic delay (1)
- synaptic localization (1)
- synaptic signaling (1)
- synaptic transmission (1)
- synaptic ultrastructure (1)
- synaptic vesicles (1)
- synapticplasticity (1)
- synaptotagmin (1)
- synthetic pathways (1)
- system inference (1)
- systematic affiliation (1)
- systematic review (1)
- systemic inflammatory response syndrome (1)
- systemic sclerosis (1)
- t-Test (1)
- tachykinin (1)
- tag fusion proteins (1)
- tandem repeats (1)
- tansy leaf beetle (1)
- tardigrada (1)
- target (1)
- target molecule (1)
- targeted combination therapy (1)
- targeted therapy (1)
- targets (1)
- task allocation (1)
- taste (1)
- taxonomic biases (1)
- taxonomic description (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- tegument protein pUL36 (1)
- teichoic acids (1)
- teleost fish (1)
- teleost fishes (1)
- teleost flsh (1)
- teleostei (1)
- telomere attachment (1)
- temperate forests (1)
- temperature gradient (1)
- temperature-speciation hypothesis (1)
- temperature‐mediated resource exploitation hypothesis (1)
- temperature‐richness hypothesis (1)
- temporal mismatch (1)
- temporal range (1)
- temporal variation (1)
- température (1)
- tergite (1)
- term memory (1)
- terrestrial habitats (1)
- testes (1)
- testosterone (1)
- tetracyclines (1)
- tettigoniidae (1)
- the microtubule-organizing center (1)
- therapeutic strategy (1)
- thermal adaptation (1)
- thermal biology (1)
- thermoregulation (1)
- theta (1)
- thin sections (1)
- three-dimensional microscopy (1)
- three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) (1)
- threshold indicator taxa analysis (1)
- throat (1)
- thrombosis (1)
- tight junction (1)
- time lag (1)
- time lapse cameras (1)
- tissue model (1)
- tissue transport (1)
- tolerance (1)
- tonicity (1)
- tools overview (1)
- topminnow (1)
- total internal reflection microscopy (1)
- tousled-like kinases (1)
- tracheal cytotoxin (1)
- tracking (1)
- trade‐offs (1)
- traditional almond orchard (1)
- traditional land use (1)
- traffic noise (1)
- trafficking (1)
- trait-displacement (1)
- trampling (1)
- trans-splicing (1)
- trans-tango (1)
- transcription activation (1)
- transcription deficiency (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transcription factors (1)
- transcription units (1)
- transcriptional control (1)
- transcriptional profiling (1)
- transcriptional responses (1)
- transcriptional rewiring (1)
- transcriptome analysis (1)
- transcriptomes (1)
- transcriptomic response (1)
- transfer RNA-synthetases (1)
- transformation (1)
- transgenic fish (1)
- transgenic mice (1)
- transient dynamics (1)
- translation (1)
- translation initiation (1)
- translational initiation (1)
- translational regulation (1)
- transplantation (1)
- transportome (1)
- transposition (1)
- trans‐Tango (1)
- trap selectivity (1)
- treatment (1)
- tree cavities (1)
- tree cavity (1)
- tree plantations (1)
- tree selection (1)
- treefrogs hyla-gratiosa (1)
- triglyceride accumulation (1)
- trinervitermes (1)
- trisomy 21 (1)
- trophic interactions (1)
- trophic levels (1)
- trophic position (1)
- tropical ecology (1)
- tropical forest (1)
- true diversity (1)
- trypanobot (1)
- trypanosoma brucei (1)
- trypanosoma brucei gambiense (1)
- trypanosome lytic factor (1)
- trypanosomes (1)
- tryptophan (1)
- tsetse (1)
- tumor disease (1)
- tumor microenvironment (1)
- tumor model (1)
- tumor suppressor (1)
- tumor surveillance (1)
- tumor-associated macrophage (1)
- tumors (1)
- tumour (1)
- tumour heterogeneity (1)
- tumour immunology (1)
- turnover (1)
- type 1 (1)
- type-1 (1)
- type-1 matrix (1)
- tyramine (1)
- tyrosine kinase (1)
- tyrosine phosphorylation (1)
- tyrosine recombinase (1)
- ultrasound vocalizations (1)
- undernourishment (1)
- undersampling (1)
- understory (1)
- undetermined significance (1)
- unicellular cyanobacteria (1)
- unmanaged broadleaved forests (1)
- unpaired median neurons (1)
- unstructured data (1)
- unstructured proteins (1)
- unstrukturierte Daten (1)
- uper-resolution array tomography (1)
- upslope shift (1)
- uptake (1)
- urban (1)
- urban ecology (1)
- urban greening (1)
- urban-rural gradient (1)
- urinary tract infections (1)
- usurpation (1)
- vacuolar calcium sensor (1)
- validation (1)
- vancomycin (1)
- variability analysis (1)
- variable regions (1)
- variant detection (1)
- variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) (1)
- variant surface glycoproteins (1)
- variants of unknown significance (1)
- vascular plants (1)
- vector navigation (1)
- vegetation structure (1)
- vemurafenib (1)
- venom (1)
- venous infiltration (1)
- vertebrate scavenger (1)
- vertebrates (1)
- vertical mismatch (1)
- vertical stratification (1)
- vesicles (1)
- vibration (1)
- vibrio cholerae (1)
- video recording (1)
- vineyard terrace (1)
- viral entry (1)
- viral load (1)
- viral replication (1)
- viral transmission and infection (1)
- virions (1)
- virtual docking (1)
- virulenceregulatory evolution (1)
- visual cues (1)
- visual learning (1)
- visual memory (1)
- visual orientation (1)
- visual pigments (1)
- vitellogenin (1)
- vocabulary (1)
- volatiles (1)
- voltage gating (1)
- volume (1)
- volume regulation (1)
- volume transmission (1)
- von Willebrand type C domain (1)
- waggle dance (1)
- walking (1)
- wasp-mimicking (1)
- wasps (1)
- water (1)
- water beetles (1)
- water stress (1)
- water strider (1)
- well-being (1)
- wheat yield (1)
- whole exome sequencing (1)
- whole genome (1)
- whole genome duplication (1)
- whole genome duplications (1)
- whole genome sequencing (1)
- whole-genome analysis (1)
- whole-genome duplication (1)
- whole-genome sequencing (1)
- whole-genome shotgun sequencing (1)
- wild (1)
- wild honey bees (1)
- wild honeybees (1)
- wild plant pollination (1)
- wildlife management (1)
- wind compass (1)
- windthrow (1)
- winter (1)
- woody plant richness (1)
- wood‐inhabiting fungi (1)
- work bee (1)
- worker bee larva (1)
- worker behavior (1)
- worker honeybees (1)
- wound (1)
- wound healing (1)
- wound infection (1)
- wrong labelling (1)
- wyeomyia smithii (1)
- xanthophyceae (1)
- xanthurenic acid (1)
- xenophagy (1)
- xiphophorus maculatus (1)
- xylem loading (1)
- yellow fluorescent protein (1)
- young work bee (1)
- yvcK/glmR operon (1)
- zygomorphy (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- índice de biodiversidad (1)
- ΔNp63 (1)
- α-Galactosidase A (1)
- α‐diversity (1)
- β-Hydroxybutyrate (1)
- β-barrel (1)
- β-cells (1)
- β-diversity (1)
- β‐diversity (1)
- ∆Np63 (1)
Institute
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (1345) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Mildred-Scheel-Nachwuchszentrum (2)
- Ökologische Station Fabrikschleichach (2)
- Core Unit Systemmedizin (1)
- DNA Analytics Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (1)
- DNA Analytics Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (1)
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (1)
- EMBL, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany (1)
- Forschungsstation Fabrikschleichach (1)
- Fraunhofer Institute Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB) (1)
- IZKF (Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung), Universität Würzburg (1)
ResearcherID
- D-1221-2009 (1)
Genes involved in sex determination and differentiation have been identified in mice, humans, chickens, reptiles, amphibians and teleost fishes. However, little is known of their functional conservation, and it is unclear whether there is a common set of genes shared by all vertebrates. Coelacanths, basal Sarcopterygians and unique "living fossils", could help establish an inventory of the ancestral genes involved in these important developmental processes and provide insights into their components. In this study 33 genes from the genome of Latimeria chalumnae and from the liver and testis transcriptomes of Latimeria menadoensis, implicated in sex determination and differentiation, were identified and characterized and their expression levels measured. Interesting findings were obtained for GSDF, previously identified only in teleosts and now characterized for the first time in the sarcopterygian lineage; FGF9, which is not found in teleosts; and DMRT1, whose expression in adult gonads has recently been related to maintenance of sexual identity. The gene repertoire and testis-specific gene expression documented in coelacanths demonstrate a greater similarity to modern fishes and point to unexpected changes in the gene regulatory network governing sexual development.
This study describes a simple technique that improves a recently developed 3D sub-diffraction imaging method based on three-photon absorption of commercially available quantum dots. The method combines imaging of biological samples via tri-exciton generation in quantum dots with deconvolution and spectral multiplexing, resulting in a novel approach for multi-color imaging of even thick biological samples at a 1.4 to 1.9-fold better spatial resolution. This approach is realized on a conventional confocal microscope equipped with standard continuous-wave lasers. We demonstrate the potential of multi-color tri-exciton imaging of quantum dots combined with deconvolution on viral vesicles in lentivirally transduced cells as well as intermediate filaments in three-dimensional clusters of mouse-derived neural stem cells (neurospheres) and dense microtubuli arrays in myotubes formed by stacks of differentiated C2C12 myoblasts.
Many plants combat herbivore and pathogen attack indirectly by attracting predators of their herbivores. Here we describe a novel type of insect-plant interaction where a carnivorous plant uses such an indirect defence to prevent nutrient loss to kleptoparasites. The ant Camponotus schmitzi is an obligate inhabitant of the carnivorous pitcher plant Nepenthes bicalcarata in Borneo. It has recently been suggested that this ant-plant interaction is a nutritional mutualism, but the detailed mechanisms and the origin of the ant-derived nutrient supply have remained unexplained. We confirm that N. bicalcarata host plant leaves naturally have an elevated \(^{15}N/^{14}N\) stable isotope abundance ratio (\(\delta ^{15}N\)) when colonised by C. schmitzi. This indicates that a higher proportion of the plants' nitrogen is insect-derived when C. schmitzi ants are present (ca. 100%, vs. 77% in uncolonised plants) and that more nitrogen is available to them. We demonstrated direct flux of nutrients from the ants to the host plant in a \(^{15}N\) pulse-chase experiment. As C. schmitzi ants only feed on nectar and pitcher contents of their host, the elevated foliar \(\delta ^{15}N\) cannot be explained by classic ant-feeding (myrmecotrophy) but must originate from a higher efficiency of the pitcher traps. We discovered that C. schmitzi ants not only increase the pitchers' capture efficiency by keeping the pitchers' trapping surfaces clean, but they also reduce nutrient loss from the pitchers by predating dipteran pitcher inhabitants (infauna). Consequently, nutrients the pitchers would have otherwise lost via emerging flies become available as ant colony waste. The plants' prey is therefore conserved by the ants. The interaction between C. schmitzi, N. bicalcarata and dipteran pitcher infauna represents a new type of mutualism where animals mitigate the damage by nutrient thieves to a plant.
Background: Boolean networks capture switching behavior of many naturally occurring regulatory networks. For semi-quantitative modeling, interpolation between ON and OFF states is necessary. The high degree polynomial interpolation of Boolean genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) in cellular processes such as apoptosis or proliferation allows for the modeling of a wider range of node interactions than continuous activator-inhibitor models, but suffers from scaling problems for networks which contain nodes with more than ~10 inputs. Many GRNs from literature or new gene expression experiments exceed those limitations and a new approach was developed.
Results: (i) As a part of our new GRN simulation framework Jimena we introduce and setup Boolean-tree-based data structures; (ii) corresponding algorithms greatly expedite the calculation of the polynomial interpolation in almost all cases, thereby expanding the range of networks which can be simulated by this model in reasonable time. (iii) Stable states for discrete models are efficiently counted and identified using binary decision diagrams. As application example, we show how system states can now be sampled efficiently in small up to large scale hormone disease networks (Arabidopsis thaliana development and immunity, pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and modulation by cytokinins and plant hormones).
Conclusions: Jimena simulates currently available GRNs about 10-100 times faster than the previous implementation of the polynomial interpolation model and even greater gains are achieved for large scale-free networks. This speed-up also facilitates a much more thorough sampling of continuous state spaces which may lead to the identification of new stable states. Mutants of large networks can be constructed and analyzed very quickly enabling new insights into network robustness and behavior.
Growth and Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) is a secreted growth factor that belongs to the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) family and plays a pivotal role during limb development. GDF5 is a susceptibility gene for osteoarthritis (OA) and mutations in GDF5 are associated with a wide variety of skeletal malformations ranging from complex syndromes such as acromesomelic chondrodysplasias to isolated forms of brachydactylies or multiple synostoses syndrome 2 (SYNS2). Here, we report on a family with an autosomal dominant inherited combination of SYNS2 and additional brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1) caused by a single point mutation in GDF5 (p.W414R). Functional studies, including chondrogenesis assays with primary mesenchymal cells, luciferase reporter gene assays and Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis, of the GDF5 W-414R variant in comparison to other GDF5 mutations associated with isolated BDA1 (p.R399C) or SYNS2 (p.E491K) revealed a dual pathomechanism characterized by a gain-and loss-of-function at the same time. On the one hand insensitivity to the main GDF5 antagonist NOGGIN (NOG) leads to a GDF5 gain of function and subsequent SYNS2 phenotype. Whereas on the other hand, a reduced signaling activity, specifically via the BMP receptor type IA (BMPR1A), is likely responsible for the BDA1 phenotype. These results demonstrate that one mutation in the overlapping interface of antagonist and receptor binding site in GDF5 can lead to a GDF5 variant with pathophysiological relevance for both, BDA1 and SYNS2 development. Consequently, our study assembles another part of the molecular puzzle of how loss and gain of function mutations in GDF5 affect bone development in hands and feet resulting in specific types of brachydactyly and SYNS2. These novel insights into the biology of GDF5 might also provide further clues on the pathophysiology of OA.
Background: Females have often been shown to exhibit preferences for certain male traits. However, little is known about behavioural rules females use when searching for mates in their natural habitat. We investigated mate sampling tactics and related costs in the territorial strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) possessing a lek-like mating system, where both sequential and simultaneous sampling might occur. We continuously monitored the sampling pattern and behaviour of females during the complete period between two successive matings.
Results: We found no evidence that females compared males by visiting them. Instead females mated with the closest calling male irrespective of his acoustic and physical traits, and territory size. Playback experiments in the natural home ranges of receptive females revealed that tested females preferred the nearest speaker and did not discriminate between low and high call rates or dominant frequencies.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that females of O. pumilio prefer the closest calling male in the studied population. We hypothesize that the sampling tactic in this population is affected by 1) a strongly female biased sex ratio and 2) a low variance in traits of available males due to strong male-male competition, preventing low quality males from defending a territory and mating.
Background: Parasitic, commensalistic, and mutualistic guests in social insect colonies often circumvent their hosts' nestmate recognition system to be accepted. These tolerance strategies include chemical mimicry and chemical insignificance. While tolerance strategies have been studied intensively in social parasites, little is known about these mechanisms in non-parasitic interactions. Here, we describe a strategy used in a parabiotic association, i.e. two mutualistic ant species that regularly share a common nest although they have overlapping food niches. One of them, Crematogaster modiglianii, produces an array of cuticular compounds which represent a substance class undescribed in nature so far. They occur in high abundances, which suggests an important function in the ant's association with its partner Camponotus rufifemur.
Results: We elucidated the structure of one of the main compounds from cuticular extracts using gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, chemical derivatizations and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The compound consists of two fused six-membered rings with two alkyl groups, one of which carries a keto functionality. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of this substance class in nature. We suggest naming the compound crematoenone. In behavioural assays, crematoenones reduced interspecific aggression. Camponotus showed less aggression to allospecific cuticular hydrocarbons when combined with crematoenones. Thus, they function as appeasement substances. However, although the crematoenone composition was highly colony-specific, interspecific recognition was mediated by cuticular hydrocarbons, and not by crematoenones.
Conclusions: Crematenones enable Crematogaster to evade Camponotus aggression, and thus reduce potential costs from competition with Camponotus. Hence, they seem to be a key factor in the parabiosis, and help Crematogaster to gain a net benefit from the association and thus maintain a mutualistic association over evolutionary time. To our knowledge, putative appeasement substances have been reported only once so far, and never between non-parasitic species. Since most organisms associated with social insects need to overcome their nestmate recognition system, we hypothesize that appeasement substances might play an important role in the evolution and maintenance of other mutualistic associations as well, by allowing organisms to reduce costs from antagonistic behaviour of other species.
Background: The transmission of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum from the human to the mosquito is mediated by dormant sexual precursor cells, the gametocytes, which become activated in the mosquito midgut. Because gametocytes are the only parasite stages able to establish an infection in the mosquito, they play a crucial role in spreading the tropical disease. The human-to-mosquito transmission triggers important molecular changes in the gametocytes, which initiate gametogenesis and prepare the parasite for life-cycle progression in the insect vector.
Results: To better understand gene regulations during the initial phase of malaria parasite transmission, we focused on the transcriptome changes that occur within the first half hour of parasite development in the mosquito. Comparison of mRNA levels of P. falciparum gametocytes before and 30 min following activation using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) identified 126 genes, which changed in expression during gametogenesis. Among these, 17.5% had putative functions in signaling, 14.3% were assigned to cell cycle and gene expression, 8.7% were linked to the cytoskeleton or inner membrane complex, 7.9% were involved in proteostasis and 6.4% in metabolism, 12.7% were cell surface-associated proteins, 11.9% were assigned to other functions, and 20.6% represented genes of unknown function. For 40% of the identified genes there has as yet not been any protein evidence. For a subset of 27 genes, transcript changes during gametogenesis were studied in detail by real-time RT-PCR. Of these, 22 genes were expressed in gametocytes, and for 15 genes transcript expression in gametocytes was increased compared to asexual blood stage parasites. Transcript levels of seven genes were particularly high in activated gametocytes, pointing at functions downstream of gametocyte transmission to the mosquito. For selected genes, a regulated expression during gametogenesis was confirmed on the protein level, using quantitative confocal microscopy.
Conclusions: The obtained transcriptome data demonstrate the regulations of gene expression immediately following malaria parasite transmission to the mosquito. Our findings support the identification of proteins important for sexual reproduction and further development of the mosquito midgut stages and provide insights into the genetic basis of the rapid adaption of Plasmodium to the insect vector.
Background: Males in some species of the genus Xiphophorus, small freshwater fishes from Meso-America, have an extended caudal fin, or sword - hence their common name "swordtails". Longer swords are preferred by females from both sworded and - surprisingly also, non-sworded (platyfish) species that belong to the same genus. Swordtails have been studied widely as models in research on sexual selection. Specifically, the pre-existing bias hypothesis was interpreted to best explain the observed bias of females in presumed ancestral lineages of swordless species that show a preference for assumed derived males with swords over their conspecific swordless males. However, many of the phylogenetic relationships within this genus still remained unresolved. Here we construct a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of all 26 known Xiphophorus species, including the four recently described species (X. kallmani, X. mayae, X. mixei and X. monticolus). We use two mitochondrial and six new nuclear markers in an effort to increase the understanding of the evolutionary relationships among the species in this genus. Based on the phylogeny, the evolutionary history and character state evolution of the sword was reconstructed and found to have originated in the common ancestral lineage of the genus Xiphophorus and that it was lost again secondarily.
Results: We estimated the evolutionary relationships among all known species of the genus Xiphophorus based on the largest set of DNA markers so far. The phylogeny indicates that one of the newly described swordtail species, Xiphophorus monticolus, is likely to have arisen through hybridization since it is placed with the southern platyfish in the mitochondrial phylogeny, but with the southern swordtails in the nuclear phylogeny. Such discordance between these two types of markers is a strong indication for a hybrid origin. Additionally, by using a maximum likelihood approach the possession of the sexually selected sword trait is shown to be the most likely ancestral state for the genus Xiphophorus. Further, we provide a well supported estimation of the phylogenetic relationships between the previously unresolved northern swordtail groups.
Conclusions: This comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the entire genus Xiphophorus provides evidence that a second swordtail species, X. monticolus, arose through hybridization. Previously, we demonstrated that X. clemenciae, another southern swordtail species, arose via hybridization. These findings highlight the potential key role of hybridization in the evolution of this genus and suggest the need for further investigations into how hybridization contributes to speciation more generally.
Background: Heterococcus is a microalgal genus of Xanthophyceae (Stramenopiles) that is common and widespread in soils, especially from cold regions. Species are characterized by extensively branched filaments produced when grown on agarized culture medium. Despite the large number of species described exclusively using light microscopic morphology, the assessment of species diversity is hampered by extensive morphological plasticity.
Results: Two independent types of molecular data, the chloroplast-encoded psbA/rbcL spacer complemented by rbcL gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 of the nuclear rDNA cistron (ITS2), congruently recovered a robust phylogenetic structure. With ITS2 considerable sequence and secondary structure divergence existed among the eight species, but a combined sequence and secondary structure phylogenetic analysis confined to helix II of ITS2 corroborated relationships as inferred from the rbcL gene phylogeny. Intra-genomic divergence of ITS2 sequences was revealed in many strains. The 'monophyletic species concept', appropriate for microalgae without known sexual reproduction, revealed eight different species. Species boundaries established using the molecular-based monophyletic species concept were more conservative than the traditional morphological species concept. Within a species, almost identical chloroplast marker sequences (genotypes) were repeatedly recovered from strains of different origins. At least two species had widespread geographical distributions; however, within a given species, genotypes recovered from Antarctic strains were distinct from those in temperate habitats. Furthermore, the sequence diversity may correspond to adaptation to different types of habitats or climates.
Conclusions: We established a method and a reference data base for the unambiguous identification of species of the common soil microalgal genus Heterococcus which uses DNA sequence variation in markers from plastid and nuclear genomes. The molecular data were more reliable and more conservative than morphological data.