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Trinidad, V.S. Naipaul’s native island, is consistently represented in the 2001 Nobel Prize winner’s fictional works, above all in "The Mystic Masseur" (1957), "The Suffrage of Elvira" (1958), "Miguel Street" (1959), "A House for Mr Biswas" (1961), "A Flag on the Island" (1967), "The Mimic Men" (1967), "In a Free State" (1971), "Guerrillas" (1975), "The Enigma of Arrival" (1987) and "A Way in the World" (1994). The present dissertation analyses representations of Trinidad as “play-culture” in the aforementioned writings by initiating a methodological dialogue between postcolonial/cultural studies on the one hand and performance studies, play theory, as well as cultural anthropology on the other hand. The study is divided into three parts corresponding to the three main facets of Trinidad as it appears in Naipaul’s fiction: firstly, as a childish world; secondly, as a festive place and thirdly, as a playground for the western imagination. The image of Trinidad as a childish space stands at the intersection of the autobiographical genre with the colonial/Social Darwinist discourse of the so-called “child races”. In both cases we have to do with a cultural construct of childhood whose main stereotypical features are smallness, imitation, irrationality and of course, playfulness. The second part of the dissertation focuses on the importance of rituals and festivals in shaping up Indian and African identities in Trinidad. Roughly, Hindu rituals are capital means to create diasporic Indias, whereas Carnival is a powerful symbol of the Afro-Trinidadian community. Nevertheless, they carry the potential of becoming genuine liminal spaces, where ethnic boundaries are transgressed. The third section is devoted to a discourse of play as imagination. In this respect, Trinidad appears as an adventure playground where the Westerner projects his/her desires, sometimes under the mask of scientific respectability. The eye of the European sees the tropical island as an exotic Garden of Eden, as an aesthetic space with strong pictorial and theatrical qualities. But if Trinidad occurs as an artistic, a fictional object, then Naipaul’s novels and stories describing it are fiction about fiction, and so have a very important metafictional component. At this stage, since metafiction is also a capital element of postmodernism, I trace back Naipaul’s ludic metaphors to the present-day Zeitgeist, pointing out the postmodern elements in his texts dealing with Trinidad.
Diese Dissertation liefert einen kulturhistorischen Überblick über die Darstellung der Frauenfiguren Gertrude und Ophelia in Hamlet-Verfilmungen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Die beiden weiblichen Gestalten werden dabei im Hinblick auf ihr äußeres Erscheinungsbild wie auch ihre Charakterzeichnung vor dem historischen, kulturellen, politischen und gesellschaftlichen Entstehungshintergrund der Filme beleuchtet. Die Analysen konzentrieren sich ausschließlich auf Kinofilme, da diese ein wesentlich breiteres Publikum erreichen als etwa die diversen Bühnen- oder Textfassungen des Stücks. Die erste der insgesamt zwanzig untersuchten Leinwandfassungen entstand im Jahre 1900, die letzte kam 2000 in die Kinos – die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt also eine genau 100-jährige Tradition der Hamlet-Verfilmungen.