Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik I)
Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (503)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (503)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (256)
- Journal article (231)
- Conference Proceeding (12)
- Other (2)
- Habilitation (1)
- Master Thesis (1)
Keywords
- Chirurgie (30)
- obesity (11)
- cytokines (10)
- Dickdarmkrebs (9)
- Medizin (9)
- Transplantation (9)
- inflammation (9)
- Immunbiologie (8)
- Langerhans-Inseln (8)
- colorectal cancer (8)
Institute
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik I) (503)
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (34)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (23)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (20)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (19)
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie (Institut für Röntgendiagnostik) (16)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie (ab 2004) (15)
- Kinderklinik und Poliklinik (14)
- Pathologisches Institut (13)
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie (8)
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik (7)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin (6)
- Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie (5)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik II) (5)
- Abteilung für Molekulare Innere Medizin (in der Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik II) (4)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie (4)
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin (4)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences (3)
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (3)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Thorax-, Herz- u. Thorakale Gefäßchirurgie (3)
- Neurochirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik (3)
- Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum (3)
- Institut für Informatik (2)
- Institut für Klinische Biochemie und Pathobiochemie (2)
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (2)
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie (2)
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (2)
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik (2)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz (DZHI) (1)
- Institut für Experimentelle Biomedizin (1)
- Institut für Humangenetik (1)
- Institut für Medizinische Lehre und Ausbildungsforschung (1)
- Institut für Medizinische Strahlenkunde und Zellforschung (1)
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften (1)
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie (bis 2003) (1)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (1)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie (1)
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie (1)
- Lehrstuhl für Orthopädie (1)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Krankenhaushygiene und Antimicrobial Stewardship (2)
- Abteilung für Molekulare Onkoimmunologie (1)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (1)
- Institut für Medizinische Lehre und Ausbildungsforschung, Universität Würzburg (1)
- Klinikum Fulda (1)
- Klinikum Main-Spessart Lohr (1)
- Krankenhaushygiene und Antimicrobial Stewardship (Universitätsklinikum) (1)
- Krankenhaushygiene und Antimicrobial Stewardship, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (1)
- Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Würzburg: Klinikum Main-Spessart (1)
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin der Universität Würzburg (1)
Fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) and is activated by its ligand TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK). The latter occurs as a homotrimeric molecule in a soluble and a membrane-bound form. Soluble TWEAK (sTWEAK) activates the weakly inflammatory alternative NF-κB pathway and sensitizes for TNF-induced cell death while membrane TWEAK (memTWEAK) triggers additionally robust activation of the classical NF-κB pathway and various MAP kinase cascades. Fn14 expression is limited in adult organisms but becomes strongly induced in non-hematopoietic cells by a variety of growth factors, cytokines and physical stressors (e.g., hypoxia, irradiation). Since all these Fn14-inducing factors are frequently also present in the tumor microenvironment, Fn14 is regularly found to be expressed by non-hematopoietic cells of the tumor microenvironment and most solid tumor cells. In general, there are three possibilities how the tumor-Fn14 linkage could be taken into consideration for tumor therapy. First, by exploitation of the cancer associated expression of Fn14 to direct cytotoxic activities (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), cytotoxic payloads, CAR T-cells) to the tumor, second by blockade of potential protumoral activities of the TWEAK/Fn14 system, and third, by stimulation of Fn14 which not only triggers proinflammtory activities but also sensitizes cells for apoptotic and necroptotic cell death. Based on a brief description of the biology of the TWEAK/Fn14 system and Fn14 signaling, we discuss the features of the most relevant Fn14-targeting biologicals and review the preclinical data obtained with these reagents. In particular, we address problems and limitations which became evident in the preclinical studies with Fn14-targeting biologicals and debate possibilities how they could be overcome.
Introduction
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common postoperative complications after appendectomy leading to recurrent surgery, prolonged hospital stay, and the use of antibiotics. Numerous studies and meta-analyses have been published on the effect of open versus conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA) reporting faster postoperative recovery and less postoperative pain for CLA. A development from CLA has been the single-port appendectomy (SPA), associated with a better cosmesis but seemingly having a higher risk of wound infections. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis is to investigate whether reduced port or SPA alters the ratio of SSIs.
Methods
Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were screened for suitable articles. All articles published between January 1, 2002, and March 23, 2022, were included. Articles regarding children below the age of 18 were excluded as well as manuscripts that investigated solemnly open appendectomies. Articles were screened for inclusion criteria by two independent authors. Incidence of SSI was the primary outcome. Duration of operation and length of hospital stay were defined as secondary outcomes.
Results
A total of 25 studies were found through a database search describing 5484 patients. A total of 2749 patients received SPA and 2735 received CLA. There was no statistical difference in the rate of SSI (P = 0.98). A total of 22 studies including 4699 patients reported the duration of operation (2223 SPA and 2476 CLA). There was a significantly shorter operation time seen in CLA. The length of hospital stay was reported in 23 studies (4735 patients: 2235 SPA and 2500 CLA). A shorter hospital stay was seen in the SPA group (P < 0.00001). Separately performed analysis of randomized controlled trials could not confirm this effect (P = 0.29).
Discussion
SPA is an equally safe procedure considering SSI compared to CLA and does not lead to an increased risk of SSI. A longer operation time for SPA and a minor difference in the length of stay does lead to the use of SPA in selected patients only.
Background
Adrenalectomies are rare procedures especially in childhood. So far, no large cohort study on this topic has been published with data on to age distribution, operative procedures, hospital volume and operative outcome.
Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of anonymized nationwide hospital billing data (DRG data, 2009-2017). All adrenal surgeries (defined by OPS codes) of patients between the age 0 and 21 years in Germany were included.
Results
A total of 523 patient records were identified. The mean age was 8.6 ± 7.7 years and 262 patients were female (50.1%). The majority of patients were between 0 and 5 years old (52% overall), while 11.1% were between 6 and 11 and 38.8% older than 12 years. The most common diagnoses were malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland (56%, mostly neuroblastoma) with the majority being younger than 5 years. Benign neoplasms in the adrenal gland (D350) account for 29% of all cases with the majority of affected patients being 12 years or older. 15% were not defined regarding tumor behavior. Overall complication rate was 27% with a clear higher complication rate in resection for malignant neoplasia of the adrenal gland. Bleeding occurrence and transfusions are the main complications, followed by the necessary of relaparotomy. There was an uneven patient distribution between hospital tertiles (low volume, medium and high volume tertile). While 164 patients received surgery in 85 different “low volume” hospitals (0.2 cases per hospital per year), 205 patients received surgery in 8 different “high volume” hospitals (2.8 cases per hospital per year; p<0.001). Patients in high volume centers were significant younger, had more extended resections and more often malignant neoplasia. In multivariable analysis younger age, extended resections and open procedures were independent predictors for occurrence of postoperative complications.
Conclusion
Overall complication rate of adrenalectomies in the pediatric population in Germany is low, demonstrating good therapeutic quality. Our analysis revealed a very uneven distribution of patient volume among hospitals.
Mucosal healing in the gut is an essential process when it comes to chronic inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) but also to the creation of intestinal anastomosis. Despite an improvement of surgical techniques, the rates of anastomotic leakage remain substantial and represent a significant health-care and socio-economic burden. Recent research has focused on intrinsic factors such as mucosal linings and differences in the intestinal microbiota and identified specific endoluminal bacteria and epithelial proteins which influence intestinal wound healing and re-establishment of mucosal homeostasis. Despite the lack of large clinical studies, previous data indicate that the identified bacteria such as aerotolerant lactobacilli or wound-associated Akkermansia muciniphila as well as epithelial-expressed sialyl Lewis glycans or CD47 might be critical for wound and anastomotic healing in the gut, thus, providing a potential novel approach for future treatment strategies in colorectal surgery and IBD therapy. Since microbiota and mucosa are interacting closely, we outline the current discoveries about both subsets in this review together to demonstrate the significant interplay
Background
Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) is an evidence-based option to treat anastomotic leakages of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but the technical challenges and clinical outcomes of patients with large defects remain poorly described.
Methods
All patients with leakages of the upper GI tract that were treated with endoscopic negative pressure therapy at our institution from 2012–2021 were analyzed. Patients with large defects (>30 mm) as an indicator of complex treatment were compared to patients with smaller defects (control group).
Results
Ninety-two patients with postoperative anastomotic or staplerline leakages were identified, of whom 20 (21.7%) had large defects. Compared to the control group, these patients required prolonged therapy (42 vs. 14 days, p < 0.001) and hospital stay (63 vs. 26 days, p < 0.001) and developed significantly more septic complications (40 vs. 17.6%, p = 0.027.) which often necessitated additional endoscopic and/or surgical/interventional treatments (45 vs. 17.4%, p = 0.007.) Nevertheless, a resolution of leakages was achieved in 80% of patients with large defects, which was similar compared to the control group (p = 0.42). Multiple leakages, especially on the opposite side, along with other local unfavorable conditions, such as foreign material mass, limited access to the defect or extensive necrosis occurred significantly more often in cases with large defects (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Overall, our study confirms that EVT for leakages even from large defects of the upper GI tract is feasible in most cases but comes with significant technical challenges.
Die bariatrische Chirurgie ist momentan die einzige Therapieoption der morbiden Adipositas mit der eine langfristige Gewichtsreduktion erreicht werden kann. Unter den Operationsmethoden gilt der RYGB als eine der wirksamsten Behandlungen bezogen auf den Gewichtsverlust und die Verbesserung von Begleiterkrankungen wie dem Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Darüber hinaus belegt eine wachsende Zahl an Veröffentlichungen, dass der RYGB den Zustand chronischer Entzündung, wie er typischerweise mit Adipositas einhergeht, verringern kann. Diese sogenannte Endotoxämie geht unter anderem mit einer gestörten Integrität der intestinalen Epithelbarriere einher. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es eine Analyse der Veränderungen von für die Darmbarriere wichtigen Junktionsproteinen vorzunehmen, um eine Grundlage für künftige mechanistische Untersuchungen zu schaffen. Dafür wurden die Veränderungen von Barriereproteinen in Vollwandresektaten des Duodenums, des Jejunums, des Ileums sowie des Kolons von Ratten, die einen RYGB erhalten hatten, mittels Western Blot Untersuchungen quantifiziert. Als Kontrollgruppe dienten schein-operierte Ratten. Es kam zu tiefgreifenden Veränderungen der analysierten Barriereproteine in den Vollwandresektaten. Interessanterweise unterschieden sich die Verteilungsmuster der Veränderungen der Barriereproteinte deutlich zwischen den einzelnen Darmregionen. Um herauszufinden, ob diese Veränderungen durch regionale Veränderungen der Mikroumgebung nach RYGB- Operation induziert wurden, wurden im reduktionistischen Zellkultursystem Stuhl- Transferexperimente durchgeführt. Caco2-Zellkulturen dienten hierbei als Modell für die intestinale epitheliale Barriere. Es wurden funktionelle Messungen und quantitative Analysen der Veränderungen der Barriereproteine der Zellkultur durchgeführt. Die Funktionsmessungen zeigten, dass der Inhalt des Duodenums, des Jejunums sowie des Kolons deutliche barrierestabilisierende Effekte auf die Caco2-Zellmonolayer hatte. Zudem zeigten sich tiefgreifende Veränderungen der untersuchten Barriereproteine. Zusammenfassend wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit erstmals eine regionenspezfische Regulation der intestinalen Barriereproteine in Korrelation mit funktionellen Messungen nach RYGB nachgewiesen.
Background
Accidental ingestion of fish bone is a common cause of otolaryngological emergency. Migration of the ingested bone into the thyroid gland, however, occurs very rarely. The associated clinical presentation, symptoms and duration of discomfort are also highly variable between patients and can be diagnostically challenging.
Case presentation
Here, we report the case of a 71-year-old female patient presenting with an ingested fish bone that migrated into the right thyroid lobe as a rare cause of suppurative thyroiditis with the clinical features of sepsis. We outline the diagnostic approach, peri- and intraoperative management as well as complications. It is proposed that besides endoscopy, imaging methods such as ultrasound or computed tomography may be necessary to verify the diagnosis and location of an ingested fish bone. Prompt surgical removal of the foreign body and resection of the infectious focus is recommended to minimize the risk of local inflammation, recurrent nerve lesions and septic complications arising from the spread of infection.
Conclusion
Fish bone migration into the thyroid gland is an extremely rare event, the successful detection and surgical management of which can be achieved through a careful interdisciplinary approach.
Die hier vorliegende Untersuchung beschäftigt sich mit dem Vergleich zweier minimalinvasiver operativer Therapiestrategien der distalen Unterarmfraktur als häufigster Fraktur im Kindesalter.
Für die vorliegende Studie erfolgte eine umfassende retrospektive Auswertung von 122 Fällen distaler kindlicher Unterarmfrakturen aus einem Zeitraum von elf Jahren, die in der kinderchirurgischen Abteilung des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg osteosynthetisch versorgt wurden. Ziel der Untersuchung war die Betrachtung der Epidemiologie des Verletzungsbildes und des Therapieerfolges in Abhängigkeit von der gewählten Osteosynthesetechnik. Die Kinder wurden dabei entweder allein durch eine Kirschner-Draht-Osteosynthese des Radius oder durch eine zusätzliche Fixierung der Ulna mittels elastisch stabiler intramedullärer Nagelung versorgt.
Durch beide Operationsstrategien konnte für die meisten Patientinnen und Patienten ein gutes Therapieergebnis erreicht werden. Hinsichtlich der Operations- und Hospitalisierungsdauer zeigte sich ein Vorteil für Kinder, die osteosynthetisch lediglich durch Kirschner-Drähte versorgt wurden. In anderen Studien beobachtete Komplikationen in Form sekundärer Dislokationen der Fraktur auch nach Osteosynthese oder Infektionen im Bereich der Drahtenden konnten im hier untersuchten Kollektiv seltener festgestellt werden.
Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, dass, sofern die Indikation zur operativen Versorgung besteht, die Fixierung des Radius allein mittels Kirschner-Drähten eine adäquate Therapie distaler Frakturen von Ulna und Radius im Kindesalter darstellt. Von einer kombinierten Osteosynthese mittels Kirschner-Drähten und ESIN könnten besonders Patientinnen und Patienten profitieren, bei denen initial große Dislokationen der Fraktur, Begleitverletzungen des Arms oder eine Lokalisation im Bereich des diametaphysären Übergangs bestehen. Um diese Beobachtungen auch in größeren Kollektiven und prospektiv sowie randomisiert zu untersuchen, sind weitere Studien wünschenswert.
ST18 Enhances PV-IgG-Induced Loss of Keratinocyte Cohesion in Parallel to Increased ERK Activation
(2019)
Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease targeting the desmosomal proteins desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg3. Recently, a genetic variant of the Suppression of tumorigenicity 18 (ST18) promoter was reported to cause ST18 up-regulation, associated with pemphigus vulgaris (PV)-IgG-mediated increase in cytokine secretion and more prominent loss of keratinocyte cohesion. Here we tested the effects of PV-IgG and the pathogenic pemphigus mouse anti-Dsg3 antibody AK23 on cytokine secretion and ERK activity in human keratinocytes dependent on ST18 expression. Without ST18 overexpression, both PV-IgG and AK23 induced loss of keratinocyte cohesion which was accompanied by prominent fragmentation of Dsg3 immunostaining along cell borders. In contrast, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 alpha, IL-6, TNF alpha, and IFN-gamma was not altered significantly in both HaCaT and primary NHEK cells. These experiments indicate that cytokine expression is not strictly required for loss of keratinocyte cohesion. Upon ST18 overexpression, fragmentation of cell monolayers increased significantly in response to autoantibody incubation. Furthermore, production of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 was enhanced in some experiments but not in others whereas release of TNF-alpha dropped significantly upon PV-IgG application in both EV- and ST18-transfected HaCaT cells. Additionally, in NHEK, application of PV-IgG but not of AK23 significantly increased ERK activity. In contrast, ST18 overexpression in HaCaT cells augmented ERK activation in response to both c-IgG and AK23 but not PV-IgG. Because inhibition of ERK by U0126 abolished PV-IgG- and AK23-induced loss of cell cohesion in ST18-expressing cells, we conclude that autoantibody-induced ERK activation was relevant in this scenario. In summary, similar to the situation in PV patients carrying ST18 polymorphism, overexpression of ST18 enhanced keratinocyte susceptibility to autoantibody-induced loss of cell adhesion, which may be caused in part by enhanced ERK signaling.
Der postoperative Hypoparathyreoidismus (PH) stellt eine der häufigsten Komplikationen nach Schilddrüsenoperationen dar. Ziel dieses systematischen Reviews und Metaanalyse ist die Erarbeitung einer einheitlichen Definition sowie die Ermittlung des bestmöglichen Ansatzes für eine frühzeitige Detektion des PH.
Nach Durchführung einer systematischen Literaturrecherche gemäß der PICo-Systematik unter Verwendung der Datenbanken Embase, Pubmed und der Cochrane Library, erfolgte die themenbezogene Aufarbeitung der eingeschlossenen Studien, sowie eine Bias-Bewertung und Metaanalyse geeigneter Arbeiten.
Von 13.704 Artikeln konnten 188 in die weitere Analyse eingeschlossen werden. In diesen fanden sich sehr heterogene Definitionen des PH. Sowohl in der systematischen Analyse als auch in der Metaanalyse zeigte sich eine genauere Vorhersagekraft des PH durch eine postoperative im Vergleich zu einer intraoperativen PTH-Messung. Keiner der analysierten Zeiträume innerhalb des ersten postoperativen Tages (POD1) zeigte eine signifikante Überlegenheit in der Vorhersage eines PH. Die PTH- Schwellenwerte 10 bzw. 15 pg/ml können einen PH zuverlässig detektieren. Als Entscheidungsgrundlage zwischen den beiden Werten kann die untere Normwertgrenze des angewendeten Testverfahrens herangezogen werden. Bei präoperativer PTH-Abnahme nach Anästhesieeinleitung ist ein relativer PTH-Abfall von prä- nach postoperativ von 73 ± 11% prädiktiv für die Entwicklung eines PH. Die Bestimmung des Calciumspiegels an POD1 ist obligat und optimiert insbesondere die Erkennung einer biochemischen Hypokalzämie.
Ein nicht nachweisbarer oder inadäquat niedriger postoperativer PTH-Spiegel im Zusammenhang mit einer biochemischen oder symptomatischen Hypokalzämie kann als einheitliche Definition des postoperativen Hypoparathyreoidismus vorgeschlagen werden. Die Messung des Parathormons sollte zwischen einer und sechs Stunden postoperativ, spätestens aber innerhalb von 24 Stunden erfolgen. Sowohl der Schwellenwert ≤ 15 pg/ml als auch ein relativer PTH-Abfall von prä- nach postoperativ sind zuverlässig in der Detektion gefährdeter Patienten.
CD137 und CD137L stellen ein Rezeptor-Liganden-Paar dar, welches auf vielen Immunzellen exprimiert wird und eine wichtige Rolle im Rahmen der Immunstimulation spielt. CD137L fungiert jedoch nicht nur als Ligand sondern auch als Rezeptor und vermittelt als ein solcher Signale in die ihn exprimierende Zelle. Neben seinem Vorkommen auf Immunzellen wird CD137L auch von einigen Tumorzellen exprimiert, unter anderem auch auf denen des Kolonkarzinoms. In dieser Tumorentität korreliert eine hohe CD137L-Expression mit dem Auftreten von Fernmetastasen und einer insgesamt schlechteren Prognose. Die genaue Rolle von CD137L im Kolonkarzinom ist bislang kaum erforscht. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden daher die Auswirkungen einer CD137L-Aktivierung auf die Proliferation sowie die Proteinexpression und -sekretion von Kolonkarzinomzellen untersucht.
Die Ergebnisse deuten erstmals darauf hin, dass die CD137L-Stimulation in vitro die Proliferation der entarteten Zellen reduziert und die Expression bzw. Sekretion der Proteine Vimentin, TLR7, VEGF und PDGF steigert.
Hieraus wird geschlossen, dass eine Stimulation des von den Kolonkarzinomzellen exprimierten CD137L dazu führt, dass sich der Phänotyp der Tumorzellen von einem epithelialen in Richtung eines mesenchymalen Zelltyps verändert. Darüber hinaus werden vermehrt Proteine exprimiert und sezerniert, welche über unterschiedliche Signalwege an der Invasion und Migration der entarteten Zellen beteiligt sind.
Folglich lässt sich annehmen, dass CD137L eine entscheidende Rolle im Metastasierungsprozess von humanen Kolonkarzinomzellen spielt. Sollte sich dies in weiterführenden Untersuchungen bestätigen, könnte eine pharmazeutische Beeinflussung der beteiligten Signalwege möglicherweise die Prognose von an Kolonkarzinomen erkrankten Patient:innen deutlich verbessern.
Crohn's disease (CD) represents a heterogeneous and complex disease with no curative therapeutic option available to date. Current therapy is mainly antibody-based focusing on the immune system while other treatment alternatives such as surgery are considered to be “last options”. However, medical therapy for CD results in mild to severe side effects in a relevant amount of patients and some patients do not respond to the medication. Following that, quality of life is often significantly reduced in this patient cohort, thus, therapeutic alternatives are urgently needed. Updated evidence has revealed that surgery such as ileocecal resection (ICR) might be a potential therapeutic option in case of localized terminal ileitis since resection at early time points improves quality of life and significantly reduces the postoperative need for immunosuppressive medication with low rates of morbidity. In addition, new surgical approaches such as Kono-S anastomosis or inclusion of the mesentery result in significantly reduced rates of disease recurrence and reoperation. Based on the new evidence, the goal of this review is to provide an update on the role of surgery as a reasonable alternative to medical therapy in the interdisciplinary treatment of patients with CD.
(1) Background: Locoregional lymphadenectomy (LND) in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) may impact oncological outcome, but the findings from individual studies are conflicting. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the oncological value of LND in ACC by summarizing the available literature. (2) Methods: A systematic search on studies published until December 2020 was performed according to the PRISMA statement. The primary outcome was the impact of lymphadenectomy on overall survival (OS). Two separate meta-analyses were performed for studies including patients with localized ACC (stage I–III) and those including all tumor stages (I–IV). Secondary endpoints included postoperative mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS). (3) Results: 11 publications were identified for inclusion. All studies were retrospective studies, published between 2001–2020, and 5 were included in the meta-analysis. Three studies (N = 807 patients) reported the impact of LND on disease-specific survival in patients with stage I–III ACC and revealed a survival benefit of LND (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.42, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.26–0.68). Based on results of studies including patients with ACC stage I–IV (2 studies, N = 3934 patients), LND was not associated with a survival benefit (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.70–1.42). None of the included studies showed an association between LND and postoperative mortality or LOS. (4) Conclusion: Locoregional lymphadenectomy seems to offer an oncologic benefit in patients undergoing curative-intended surgery for localized ACC (stage I–III).
Background: The chemokine receptor CCR7 is crucial for an intact immune function, but its expression is also associated with clinical outcome in several malignancies. No data exist on the expression of CCR7 in adrenocortical tumors. Methods: CCR7 expression was investigated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 4 normal adrenal glands, 59 adrenocortical adenomas, and 181 adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) samples. Results: CCR7 is highly expressed in the outer adrenocortical zones and medulla. Aldosterone-producing adenomas showed lower CCR7 protein levels (H-score 1.3 ± 1.0) compared to non-functioning (2.4 ± 0.5) and cortisol-producing adenomas (2.3 ± 0.6), whereas protein expression was variable in ACC (1.8 ± 0.8). In ACC, CCR7 protein expression was significantly higher in lymph node metastases (2.5 ± 0.5) compared to primary tumors (1.8±0.8) or distant metastases (2.0 ± 0.4; p < 0.01). mRNA levels of CCR7 were not significantly different between ACCs, normal adrenals, and adrenocortical adenomas. In contrast to other tumor entities, neither CCR7 protein nor mRNA expression significantly impacted patients' survival. Conclusion: We show that CCR7 is expressed on mRNA and protein level across normal adrenals, benign adrenocortical tumors, as well as ACCs. Given that CCR7 did not influence survival in ACC, it is probably not involved in tumor progression, but it could play a role in adrenocortical homeostasis.
Background: Treatment options for NAFLD are still limited. Bariatric surgery, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), has been shown to improve metabolic and histologic markers of NAFLD. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues lead to improvements in phase 2 clinical trials. We directly compared the effects of RYGB with a treatment using liraglutide and/or peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY\(_{3-36}\)) in a rat model for early NAFLD. Methods: Obese male Wistar rats (high-fat diet (HFD)-induced) were randomized into the following treatment groups: RYGB, sham-operation (sham), liraglutide (0.4 mg/kg/day), PYY\(_{3-36}\) (0.1 mg/kg/day), liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\), and saline. After an observation period of 4 weeks, liver samples were histologically evaluated, ELISAs and RNA sequencing + RT-qPCRs were performed. Results: RYGB and liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\) induced a similar body weight loss and, compared to sham/saline, marked histological improvements with significantly less steatosis. However, only RYGB induced significant metabolic improvements (e.g., adiponectin/leptin ratio 18.8 ± 11.8 vs. 2.4 ± 1.2 in liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\)- or 1.4 ± 0.9 in sham-treated rats). Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed a high number of differentially regulated genes in RYGB treated animals only. Conclusions: The combination therapy of liraglutide+PYY\(_{3-36}\) partly mimics the positive effects of RYGB on weight reduction and on hepatic steatosis, while its effects on metabolic function lack behind RYGB.
Altered host-intestinal microbiota interactions are increasingly implicated in the metabolic benefits of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. We previously found, however, that RYGB-associated ileal microbiota can paradoxically impair host glycemic control when transferred to germ-free mice. Here we present complementary evidence suggesting that this could be due to the heightened development of systemic endotoxemia. Consistently, application of ileal content from RYGB-treated compared with sham-operated rats onto Caco-2 cell monolayers compromised barrier function and decreased expression of the barrier-stabilizing proteins claudin-4 and desmoglein-2. Our findings raise the possibility that RYGB-associated ileal microbiota produce and release soluble metabolites which locally increase intestinal permeability to promote systemic endotoxemia-induced insulin resistance, with potential implications for the treatment of RYGB patients who eventually relapse onto type 2 diabetes.
Deeper understanding of mold-induced cytokine signatures could promote advances in the diagnosis and treatment of invasive mycoses and mold-associated hypersensitivity syndromes. Currently, most T-cellular immunoassays in medical mycology require the isolation of mononuclear cells and have limited robustness and practicability, hampering their broader applicability in clinical practice. Therefore, we developed a simple, cost-efficient whole blood (WB) assay with dual α-CD28 and α-CD49d co-stimulation to quantify cytokine secretion in response to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens. Dual co-stimulation strongly enhanced A. fumigatus-induced release of T-cellular signature cytokines detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or a multiplex cytokine assay. Furthermore, T-cell-dependent activation and cytokine response of innate immune cells was captured by the assay. The protocol consistently showed little technical variation and high robustness to pre-analytic delays of up to 8 h. Stimulation with an A. fumigatus lysate elicited at least 7-fold greater median concentrations of key T-helper cell signature cytokines, including IL-17 and the type 2 T-helper cell cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in WB samples from patients with Aspergillus-associated lung pathologies versus patients with non-mold-related lung diseases, suggesting high discriminatory power of the assay. These results position WB-ELISA with dual co-stimulation as a simple, accurate, and robust immunoassay for translational applications, encouraging further evaluation as a platform to monitor host immunity to opportunistic pathogens.
Lipodystrophy syndromes (LD) are a heterogeneous group of very rare congenital or acquired disorders characterized by a generalized or partial lack of adipose tissue. They are strongly associated with severe metabolic dysfunction due to ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and other organs and the dysregulation of several key adipokines, including leptin. Treatment with leptin or its analogues is therefore sufficient to reverse some of the metabolic symptoms of LD in patients and in mouse models through distinct mechanisms. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis has emerged as an important regulator of systemic metabolism in rodents and in humans, but it is poorly understood how leptin impacts BAT in LD. Here, we show in transgenic C57Bl/6 mice overexpressing sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c in adipose tissue (Tg (aP2-nSREBP1c)), an established model of congenital LD, that daily subcutaneous administration of 3 mg/kg leptin for 6 to 8 weeks increases body temperature without affecting food intake or body weight. This is associated with increased protein expression of the thermogenic molecule uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and the sympathetic nerve marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in BAT. These findings suggest that leptin treatment in LD stimulates BAT thermogenesis through sympathetic nerves, which might contribute to some of its metabolic benefits by providing a healthy reservoir for excess circulating nutrients.
Sensitization to the adipokine leptin is a promising therapeutic strategy against obesity and its comorbidities and has been proposed to contribute to the lasting metabolic benefits of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. We formally tested this idea using Zucker fatty fa/fa rats as an established genetic model of obesity, glucose intolerance, and fatty liver due to leptin receptor deficiency. We show that the changes in body weight in these rats following RYGB largely overlaps with that of diet-induced obese Wistar rats with intact leptin receptors. Further, food intake and oral glucose tolerance were normalized in RYGB-treated Zucker fatty fa/fa rats to the levels of lean Zucker fatty fa/+ controls, in association with increased glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and insulin release. In contrast, while fatty liver was also normalized in RYGB-treated Zucker fatty fa/fa rats, their circulating levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) remained elevated at the level of obese Zucker fatty fa/fa controls. These findings suggest that the leptin system is not required for the normalization of energy and glucose homeostasis associated with RYGB, but that its potential contribution to the improvements in liver health postoperatively merits further investigation.