Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (114)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (114) (remove)
Year of publication
- 2022 (114) (remove)
Document Type
- Journal article (89)
- Doctoral Thesis (21)
- Report (2)
- Book (1)
- Preprint (1)
Keywords
- biodiversity (7)
- land use (5)
- Biodiversität (3)
- SARS-CoV-2 (3)
- circadian clock (3)
- climate (3)
- ecosystem services (3)
- metabarcoding (3)
- national park (3)
- natural disturbance (3)
- pollination (3)
- recombination (3)
- Ökologie (3)
- Herbivory (2)
- Microscopy (2)
- Scarabaeidae (2)
- Trypanosoma (2)
- USP28 (2)
- active zone (2)
- altitudinal gradients (2)
- arthropods (2)
- bats (2)
- cancer (2)
- cisplatin (2)
- climate change (2)
- cuticular hydrocarbons (2)
- cytokinins (2)
- dSTORM (2)
- evolution (2)
- foraging (2)
- forest management (2)
- functional diversity (2)
- insect monitoring (2)
- meiosis (2)
- microclimate (2)
- mutation (2)
- navigation (2)
- neuroanatomy (2)
- octopamine (2)
- phylogeny (2)
- synaptonemal complex (2)
- thermogenesis (2)
- 18S (1)
- 3D lung tumor tissue models (1)
- 3D tissue model (1)
- 5-methylcytosine (1)
- ACKR4 (1)
- AI (1)
- AIModules (1)
- AKT (1)
- ATM (1)
- Acid Sphingomyelinase (1)
- Ackerschmalwand (1)
- Adaptive Optics (1)
- Adaptive Optik (1)
- Agriculture intensification (1)
- Air pollution (1)
- AldoA (1)
- Alps (1)
- Apis dorsata (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Arten-Energy-Theory (1)
- Aureobasidium pullulans (1)
- BETA-Diversität (1)
- BETA-Multifunktionalität (1)
- Bartak (1)
- Bee abundance (1)
- Bee assemblages (1)
- Bee species richness (1)
- Bialowieza (1)
- Biodiversity conservation (1)
- Borkenkäfer (1)
- Brassicogethes spp. (1)
- CA3 (1)
- CD95 (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CPF (1)
- CRY evolution (1)
- Carabid beetles (1)
- Cataglyphis (1)
- Chl (1)
- Chlamydia (1)
- Chlamydia trachomatis (1)
- Chromatinremodeling (1)
- Chromatinremodelling (1)
- Co-occurrence matrix (1)
- Complexes (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA helicase (1)
- DNA replication (1)
- DNA storage (1)
- DNA-PK (1)
- DNA-Reparatur (1)
- DNA-repair (1)
- DNS-Doppelstrangbruch (1)
- Diversität (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster (1)
- EMT (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Einzelmolekülmikroskopie (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelzelle (1)
- Erythrozyt (1)
- Expansion Microscopy (1)
- FAAP100 (1)
- FLIMbee (1)
- Fanconi-Anämie (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluoreszenzlebensdauer-Mikroskopie (1)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (1)
- Forschungsstation Fabrikschleichach (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptors (1)
- GPCR (1)
- Genotoxizität (1)
- Geomagnetic Field (1)
- Germany (1)
- Glioblastom (1)
- Growth (1)
- H7N9 influenza virus (1)
- HDBSCAN (1)
- HGPS (1)
- HPV (1)
- Hb-Jet (1)
- Herbivore (1)
- Histone (1)
- Histones (1)
- Human land use (1)
- Höhengradient (1)
- IGFBP2 (1)
- IR (1)
- ITS2 (1)
- Japankärpfling (1)
- Jena Experiment (1)
- KRAS biomarker signatures (1)
- Kilimandscharo (1)
- Klimaänderung (1)
- Kompass (1)
- Konfokale Mikroskopie (1)
- LAMN (1)
- LC–HRESIMS (1)
- Landnutzung (1)
- Landnutzungsgradient (1)
- Landsat (1)
- Learning & Memory (1)
- Learning Walk (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- Livestock grazing (1)
- Lymantria dispar (1)
- MMP-1 (1)
- MTH1 (1)
- Malaise trap (1)
- Mc4r (1)
- Medaka (1)
- MiMIC (1)
- Mikroskopie (1)
- Molekularbiologie (1)
- Monoklonaler Antikörper (1)
- Mrap2 (1)
- Mustervergleich (1)
- NDVI (1)
- NSCLC (1)
- Nahrungserwerb (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nationalpark (1)
- Natural pest control (1)
- Navigation (1)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1)
- Neuroethologie (1)
- Neuroethology (1)
- Olea (1)
- Opsin (1)
- Orthoptera (1)
- Ozone (1)
- PI3K (1)
- PTEN (1)
- Patch-clamp (1)
- Pattern Matching (1)
- Pest management (1)
- Pfam domain (1)
- Plant (1)
- Plant-insect interactions (1)
- Plant-pollinator interactions (1)
- Plasma membrane repair (1)
- Pollination (1)
- Pollination services (1)
- Pollinator (1)
- Polyethism (1)
- Predation (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Prädation (1)
- Puberty (1)
- Pubertät (1)
- R0 (1)
- RBM8A (1)
- RIM1α (1)
- RNA interference (1)
- RNA secondary structure (1)
- RNA sequencing (1)
- Repetitive Exposition (1)
- Ribosomal protein gene (1)
- SF3 helicase (1)
- SMLM (1)
- STED-Mikroskopie (1)
- STORM (1)
- SV pool (1)
- Savannah ecosystems (1)
- Schwertkärpfling (1)
- Schädlingsbekämpfung (1)
- Sentinel-1 (1)
- Sentinel-2 (1)
- Sinapis arvensis (1)
- Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (1)
- Squamous cell carcinoma (1)
- Staphylococcus (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Synapse (1)
- Säugetiere (1)
- T-cell epitope (1)
- TCSPC (1)
- TGF-β (1)
- TH1579 (1)
- TH588 (1)
- TNF-α (1)
- Tanzania (1)
- Taufliege (1)
- Townes (1)
- Transkription (1)
- Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (1)
- Unc-13 (1)
- Usher syndrome (1)
- Ustilago maydis (1)
- V1–V9 (1)
- V4 (1)
- V7/V8 (1)
- Variants (1)
- WNT (1)
- Waldökosystem (1)
- Xiphophorus (1)
- Y chromosome degeneration (1)
- Y14 (1)
- Zellmigration (1)
- Zersetzer (1)
- ZfKD (1)
- Zytotoxizität (1)
- achiasmatic (1)
- acid sphingomyelinase (1)
- acoustic stream (1)
- activity (1)
- acute brain slices (1)
- adaptation (1)
- aerobiology (1)
- aging (1)
- agri-environment scheme (1)
- agriculture (1)
- agroecology (1)
- agroforestry (1)
- aldolase A (1)
- allergens (1)
- allergy (1)
- allometry (1)
- alpine plants (1)
- animal behaviour (1)
- anion channel (1)
- apis mellifera (1)
- appendix (1)
- area‐concentrated search (1)
- arthropod predators (1)
- ash dieback (1)
- bacterial meningitis (1)
- bark beetle disturbance (1)
- bee abundance (1)
- bee body size (1)
- bee decline (1)
- bee pollination (1)
- bee species richness (1)
- beech forests (1)
- beetle communities (1)
- beetles (1)
- beta diversity (1)
- beta-multifunctionality (1)
- binding pocket (1)
- biodiversity exploratories (1)
- biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biological activities (1)
- biomimetic tissue models (1)
- bioorthogonal labeling (1)
- biosonar (1)
- birds (1)
- body size (1)
- boolean in silico models (1)
- brain endothelial cells (1)
- bumblebees (1)
- buparlisib (1)
- c-MYC (1)
- c-Myc (1)
- cancer dissemination (1)
- canopy herbivory (1)
- cardioactive factor (1)
- cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) (1)
- caspase-3 (1)
- cell death (1)
- cell membrane model (1)
- cellular reprogramming (1)
- central complex (1)
- ceramidase (1)
- ceramide (1)
- ceramides (1)
- chalcidoid wasps (1)
- channelrhodopsin (1)
- chemical communication (1)
- chemical mimicry (1)
- chromatin (1)
- chrysididae (1)
- circadian clock neurons (1)
- climate changes (1)
- climatic factors (1)
- climatic gradients (1)
- clock network (1)
- co-culture (1)
- co-expression coefficient (1)
- cocoa (1)
- coexistence (1)
- cold stress (1)
- coleoptera (1)
- combined retinal dystrophy (1)
- community structure (1)
- comparative sequence analysis (1)
- competition (1)
- compressed sensing (1)
- conservation (1)
- conservation biology (1)
- coprophagous beetles (1)
- coral reef ecosystem (1)
- coral reef resilience (1)
- cosmology (1)
- crossing-over (1)
- cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- cryptochrome (1)
- cryptochrome/photolyase family (1)
- crystallization (1)
- deadwood (1)
- deadwood enrichment (1)
- decomposition (1)
- deep learning (1)
- defoliation severity (1)
- desiccation resistance (1)
- diet breadth (1)
- distance-decay function (1)
- distance‐based specialization index (1)
- disturbance extent (1)
- disturbance severity (1)
- diversity (1)
- diversity gradients (1)
- diversity–disturbance relationship (1)
- dorsal clock neurons (1)
- drug resistance (1)
- dung beetle (1)
- ecology (1)
- ecosystem function (1)
- ecosystem functioning (1)
- ecosystem service (1)
- electron tomography (1)
- elevation (1)
- elevation gradient (1)
- elevational diversity patterns (1)
- elevational gradient (1)
- emergent gravity (1)
- entomology (1)
- environmental monitoring (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epitope prediction (1)
- estrogens (1)
- evolutionary arms race (1)
- ex vivo (1)
- experiment (1)
- feeding (1)
- flight control (1)
- floral larceny (1)
- flower morphology (1)
- flower visitors (1)
- flowering grassland plants (1)
- fluoxetine (1)
- fly pollination (1)
- flybow (1)
- food safety (1)
- forage resources (1)
- foragers (1)
- forest (1)
- forest communities (1)
- forest conservation (1)
- forest conversion (1)
- forest proximity (1)
- fusion (1)
- gefitinib (1)
- gene expression (1)
- gene expression networks (1)
- gene regulation (1)
- genetic screen (1)
- genome-wide screen (1)
- global change (1)
- global warming (1)
- glycolytic flux control (1)
- grassland (1)
- guard cell (1)
- guild constancy (1)
- gypsy moth (1)
- habitat types (1)
- halophyte (1)
- hand pollination (1)
- hawkmoth (1)
- health effects (1)
- hearing impairment (1)
- helicase (1)
- hemibrain (1)
- hemolysin (1)
- hepatotoxicity (1)
- herbivores (1)
- heterochromatin (1)
- high-pressure freezing (1)
- hill numbers (1)
- hippocampal mossy fiber bouton (1)
- histones (1)
- honeybee (1)
- honeybees (1)
- host discrimination (1)
- host selection (1)
- human breast (1)
- human skin (1)
- humane mesenchymale Stammzellen (1)
- hymenoptera (1)
- immune-informatics (1)
- immunohistochemistry (1)
- in vitro (1)
- in vivo (1)
- inclusion of nature in one’s self (1)
- indicator species (1)
- individual‐based model (1)
- indoor dust (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- induction (1)
- insect (1)
- insect brain (1)
- insect communities (1)
- insect decline (1)
- insect disturbance (1)
- insecticidal knockdown (1)
- interaction networks (1)
- intermediate disturbance hypothesis (1)
- intermediate host (1)
- inter‐tegular distance (1)
- intestinal control (1)
- intra-annual time-series (1)
- intrinsic metabolism (1)
- invasion (1)
- ion channel (1)
- juvenile hormone (1)
- kinetin (1)
- kisspeptin/galanin/spexin signalling (1)
- landmark (1)
- landmark panorama (1)
- landscape diversity (1)
- landscape ecology (1)
- larval and pupal development (1)
- learning (1)
- learning and memory (1)
- lepidoptera (1)
- leptomeningeal cells (1)
- life-history traits (1)
- light-gated proteins (1)
- light‐gated (1)
- liposome (1)
- local adaptation (1)
- localization microscopy (1)
- low-grade mucinous neoplasm (1)
- luciferase (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lymphotoxicity (1)
- magnetic compass (1)
- major environmental values (1)
- mammalian system (1)
- mean annual temperature (1)
- membrane potential (1)
- meningeal blood-csf barrier (1)
- metabolic network model (1)
- metabolism and growth (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- metapopulation (1)
- microbiomes (1)
- microscopy (1)
- migration (1)
- molecular docking (1)
- molecular mobility (1)
- monoclonal antibodies (1)
- monoklonale Antikörper (1)
- mortality (1)
- mountain ecology (1)
- mountain ecosystems (1)
- multiple linear regression (1)
- nanoarchitecture (1)
- nanocellulose (1)
- nanoparticle (1)
- nanotoxicology (1)
- natural pest control (1)
- naturalistic stimuli (1)
- nature conservation (1)
- nectar macronutrients (1)
- neisseria meningitidis (1)
- neophyte trees (1)
- nest site selection (1)
- nesting (1)
- network analysis (1)
- neural coding (1)
- neuraminidase (1)
- neuroethology (1)
- neuropeptide signalling (1)
- neuropeptides (1)
- niche (1)
- nitrogen uptake (1)
- non-sense mutations (1)
- northern Tanzania (1)
- nucleic acid motifs (1)
- nucleosomes (1)
- nurse bees (1)
- nutrition (1)
- octopamine receptors (1)
- oilseed rape (1)
- olive (1)
- omics (1)
- oogenesis (1)
- optic flow (1)
- orientation (1)
- origin (1)
- orthopoxvirus (1)
- ovarian cancer (1)
- overfishing (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- paleoecology (1)
- palynology (1)
- pangolin (1)
- panorama (1)
- parthenogenesis (1)
- partial least square regression (1)
- particulate matter (1)
- path integration (1)
- peritoneal metastasis (1)
- pest control (1)
- phage (1)
- phase transition (1)
- phenotype (1)
- philanthidae (1)
- phlorizin (1)
- phosphoglycolate phosphatase (1)
- photolyase (1)
- phototropin (1)
- phytohormones (1)
- plant richness (1)
- plant system (1)
- plant–pollinator interactions (1)
- polar ion transport (1)
- pollen (1)
- pollen nutrients (1)
- pollination network (1)
- pollination services (1)
- pollinator (1)
- pollinator decline (1)
- pollinator diversity (1)
- positive selection (1)
- poxvirus (1)
- predictive modeling (1)
- presynaptic (1)
- presynaptic homeostasis (1)
- pristine forests (1)
- progeria (1)
- protein chip (1)
- prototheca (1)
- qubit (1)
- quinoa (1)
- radial (1)
- radiotherapy (1)
- range limits (1)
- recreation (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- replication stress (1)
- reproductive toxicity (1)
- resource selection (1)
- ribosome biogenesis (1)
- rove beetle (1)
- sFLIM (1)
- salt tolerance (1)
- saproxylic (1)
- saproxylic beetles (1)
- secondary structure (1)
- semantic segmentation (1)
- sex chromosomes (1)
- sex linked pigmentation pattern (1)
- sex pheromones (1)
- sexual antagonistic genes (1)
- sexual dimorphism (1)
- shade cover (1)
- single-electron transistors (1)
- sleep (1)
- sleep/activity (1)
- smallholder agriculture (1)
- solitary bees (1)
- sown flower field age and size (1)
- space-for-time approach (1)
- spatial scales (1)
- spatially structured population (1)
- species community composition (1)
- species richness (1)
- species-energy-theory (1)
- spiders (1)
- stalk cell (1)
- stem cells (1)
- stemness (1)
- stress (1)
- structure prediction (1)
- study design (1)
- sun exposure (1)
- super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (1)
- swarming (1)
- synaptic proteins (1)
- synaptic ultrastructure (1)
- synaptische Proteine (1)
- targeted combination therapy (1)
- task allocation (1)
- temperate forests (1)
- temperature (1)
- temperature gradient (1)
- temporal range (1)
- testosterone (1)
- threshold indicator taxa analysis (1)
- trans-tango (1)
- transcriptional control (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcriptomes (1)
- transcriptomic response (1)
- transmission (1)
- transportome (1)
- trans‐Tango (1)
- trap selectivity (1)
- tree species (1)
- triglycerides (1)
- tropical ecology (1)
- undernourishment (1)
- undersampling (1)
- unified theories (1)
- urban (1)
- urban ecology (1)
- variable regions (1)
- variations in genome (1)
- vemurafenib (1)
- vertical stratification (1)
- virtual docking (1)
- virulence (1)
- vision (1)
- volume regulation (1)
- water (1)
- well-being (1)
- wild honeybees (1)
- woodinhabiting-fungi (1)
- wound (1)
- zinc oxid (1)
- zygomorphy (1)
- ΔNp63 (1)
- α‐diversity (1)
- β‐diversity (1)
Institute
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (114)
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology (8)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences (6)
- Institut für Geographie und Geologie (4)
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie (4)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (3)
- Institut für Humangenetik (3)
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie (3)
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin (3)
- Pathologisches Institut (3)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg (1)
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt (1)
- Institut für Tierökologie und Tropenbiologie (1)
- Leuphana Universität Lüneburg (1)
- Technische Universität Dresden (1)
- Technische Universität München (1)
- Universität Bayreuth (1)
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Institut für Molekularbiologie, AG Becker-Flegler (1)
- Universität Göttingen (1)
- Universität Leipzig (1)
EU-Project number / Contract (GA) number
- 695376 (1)
- 759139 (1)
- 835102) (1)
- ERC-2018-ADG/NCI-CAD (1)
Unisexual reproduction, which generates clonal offspring, is an alternative strategy to sexual breeding and occurs even in vertebrates. A wide range of non-sexual reproductive modes have been described, and one of the least understood questions is how such pathways emerged and how they mechanistically proceed. The Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa, needs sperm from males of related species to trigger the parthenogenetic development of diploid eggs. However, the mechanism, of how the unreduced female gametes are produced, remains unclear. Cytological analyses revealed that the chromosomes of primary oocytes initiate pachytene but do not proceed to bivalent formation and meiotic crossovers. Comparing ovary transcriptomes of P. formosa and its sexual parental species revealed expression levels of meiosis-specific genes deviating from P. mexicana but not from P. latipinna. Furthermore, several meiosis genes show biased expression towards one of the two alleles from the parental genomes. We infer from our data that in the Amazon molly diploid oocytes are generated by apomixis due to a failure in the synapsis of homologous chromosomes. The fact that this failure is not reflected in the differential expression of known meiosis genes suggests the underlying molecular mechanism may be dysregulation on the protein level or misexpression of a so far unknown meiosis gene, and/or hybrid dysgenesis because of compromised interaction of proteins from diverged genomes.
Introduction
Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) are semi-malignant tumors of the appendix which are incidentally found in up to 1% of appendectomy specimen. To this day, no valid descriptive analysis on LAMN is available for the German population.
Methods
Data of LAMN (ICD-10: D37.3) were collected from the population-based cancer registries in Germany, provided by the German Center for Cancer Registry Data (Zentrum für Krebsregisterdaten—ZfKD). Data was anonymized and included gender, age at diagnosis, tumor staging according to the TNM-classification, state of residence, information on the performed therapy, and survival data.
Results
A total of 612 cases were reported to the ZfKD between 2011 and 2018. A total of 63.07% were female and 36.93% were male. Great inhomogeneity in reporting cases was seen in the federal states of Germany including the fact that some federal states did not report any cases at all. Age distribution showed a mean age of 62.03 years (SD 16.15) at diagnosis. However, data on tumor stage was only available in 24.86% of cases (n = 152). A total of 49.34% of these patients presented with a T4-stage. Likewise, information regarding performed therapy was available in the minority of patients: 269 patients received surgery, 22 did not and for 312 cases no information was available. Twenty-four patients received chemotherapy, 188 did not, and for 400 cases, no information was available. Overall 5-year survival was estimated at 79.52%. Patients below the age of 55 years at time of diagnosis had a significantly higher 5-year survival rate compared to patients above the age of 55 years (85.77% vs. 73.27%).
Discussion
In this study, we observed an incidence of LAMN in 0.13% of all appendectomy specimen in 2018. It seems likely that not all cases were reported to the ZfKD; therefore, case numbers may be considered underestimated. Age and gender distribution goes in line with international studies with females being predominantly affected. Especially regarding tumor stage and therapy in depth information cannot be provided through the ZfKD-database. This data analysis emphasizes the need for further studies and the need for setting up a specialized registry for this unique tumor entity to develop guidelines for the appropriate treatment and follow-up.
Overexpressed c-Myc sensitizes cells to TH1579, a mitotic arrest and oxidative DNA damage inducer
(2022)
Previously, we reported that MTH1 inhibitors TH588 and TH1579 selectively induce oxidative damage and kill Ras-expressing or -transforming cancer cells, as compared to non-transforming immortalized or primary cells. While this explains the impressive anti-cancer properties of the compounds, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Several oncogenes induce replication stress, resulting in under replicated DNA and replication continuing into mitosis, where TH588 and TH1579 treatment causes toxicity and incorporation of oxidative damage. Hence, we hypothesized that oncogene-induced replication stress explains the cancer selectivity. To test this, we overexpressed c-Myc in human epithelial kidney cells (HA1EB), resulting in increased proliferation, polyploidy and replication stress. TH588 and TH1579 selectively kill c-Myc overexpressing clones, enforcing the cancer cell selective killing of these compounds. Moreover, the toxicity of TH588 and TH1579 in c-Myc overexpressing cells is rescued by transcription, proteasome or CDK1 inhibitors, but not by nucleoside supplementation. We conclude that the molecular toxicological mechanisms of how TH588 and TH1579 kill c-Myc overexpressing cells have several components and involve MTH1-independent proteasomal degradation of c-Myc itself, c-Myc-driven transcription and CDK activation.
Staphylococcus aureus asymptomatically colonizes the nasal cavity of mammals, but it is also a leading cause of life-threatening infections. Most human nasal isolates carry Sa3 phages, which integrate into the bacterial hlb gene encoding a sphingomyelinase. The virulence factor-encoding genes carried by the Sa3-phages are highly human-specific, and most animal strains are Sa3 negative. Thus, both insertion and excision of the prophage could potentially confer a fitness advantage to S. aureus. Here, we analyzed the phage life cycle of two Sa3 phages, Φ13 and ΦN315, in different phage-cured S. aureus strains. Based on phage transfer experiments, strains could be classified into low (8325-4, SH1000, and USA300c) and high (MW2c and Newman-c) transfer strains. High-transfer strains promoted the replication of phages, whereas phage adsorption, integration, excision, or recA transcription was not significantly different between strains. RNASeq analyses of replication-deficient lysogens revealed no strain-specific differences in the CI/Mor regulatory switch. However, lytic genes were significantly upregulated in the high transfer strain MW2c Φ13 compared to strain 8325-4 Φ13. By transcriptional start site prediction, new promoter regions within the lytic modules were identified, which are likely targeted by specific host factors. Such host-phage interaction probably accounts for the strain-specific differences in phage replication and transfer frequency. Thus, the genetic makeup of the host strains may determine the rate of phage mobilization, a feature that might impact the speed at which certain strains can achieve host adaptation.
The variable regions (V1–V9) of the 18S rDNA are routinely used in barcoding and phylogenetics. In handling these data for trypanosomes, we have noticed a misunderstanding that has apparently taken a life of its own in the literature over the years. In particular, in recent years, when studying the phylogenetic relationship of trypanosomes, the use of V7/V8 was systematically established. However, considering the current numbering system for all other organisms (including other Euglenozoa), V7/V8 was never used. In Maia da Silva et al. [Parasitology 2004, 129, 549–561], V7/V8 was promoted for the first time for trypanosome phylogenetics, and since then, more than 70 publications have replicated this nomenclature and even discussed the benefits of the use of this region in comparison to V4. However, the primers used to amplify the variable region of trypanosomes have actually amplified V4 (concerning the current 18S rDNA numbering system).
(1) Background: The recurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is mainly due to invasion of the surrounding brain tissue, where organic solutes, including glucose and inositol, are abundant. Invasive cell migration has been linked to the aberrant expression of transmembrane solute-linked carriers (SLC). Here, we explore the role of glucose (SLC5A1) and inositol transporters (SLC5A3) in GBM cell migration. (2) Methods: Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we visualized the subcellular localization of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in two highly motile human GBM cell lines. We also employed wound-healing assays to examine the effect of SLC inhibition on GBM cell migration and examined the chemotactic potential of inositol. (3) Results: While GBM cell migration was significantly increased by extracellular inositol and glucose, it was strongly impaired by SLC transporter inhibition. In the GBM cell monolayers, both SLCs were exclusively detected in the migrating cells at the monolayer edge. In single GBM cells, both transporters were primarily localized at the leading edge of the lamellipodium. Interestingly, in GBM cells migrating via blebbing, SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 were predominantly detected in nascent and mature blebs, respectively. (4) Conclusion: We provide several lines of evidence for the involvement of SLC5A1 and SLC5A3 in GBM cell migration, thereby complementing the migration-associated transportome. Our findings suggest that SLC inhibition is a promising approach to GBM treatment.
Poxviruses are large DNA viruses with a linear double-stranded DNA genome circularized at the extremities. The helicase-primase D5, composed of six identical 90 kDa subunits, is required for DNA replication. D5 consists of a primase fragment flexibly attached to the hexameric C-terminal polypeptide (res. 323–785) with confirmed nucleotide hydrolase and DNA-binding activity but an elusive helicase activity. We determined its structure by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. It displays an AAA+ helicase core flanked by N- and C-terminal domains. Model building was greatly helped by the predicted structure of D5 using AlphaFold2. The 3.9 Å structure of the N-terminal domain forms a well-defined tight ring while the resolution decreases towards the C-terminus, still allowing the fit of the predicted structure. The N-terminal domain is partially present in papillomavirus E1 and polyomavirus LTA helicases, as well as in a bacteriophage NrS-1 helicase domain, which is also closely related to the AAA+ helicase domain of D5. Using the Pfam domain database, a D5_N domain followed by DUF5906 and Pox_D5 domains could be assigned to the cryo-EM structure, providing the first 3D structures for D5_N and Pox_D5 domains. The same domain organization has been identified in a family of putative helicases from large DNA viruses, bacteriophages, and selfish DNA elements.
Although much is known about the ecology and functional importance of canopy arthropods in temperate forests, few studies have tried to assess the overall diversity and investigate the composition and dynamics of tree-specific communities. This has impeded a deeper understanding of the functioning of forests, and of how to maintain system services. Here, we present the first comprehensive data of whole arthropod communities, collected by insecticidal knockdown (fogging) from 1159 trees in 18 study areas in Central Europe during the last 25 years. The data includes 3,253,591 arthropods from 32 taxa (order, suborder, family) collected on 24 tree species from 18 genera. Fogging collects free-living, ectophytic arthropods in approximately the same number as they occur in the trees. To our knowledge, these are the most comprehensive data available today on the taxonomic composition of arboreal fauna. Assigning all arthropods to their feeding guild provided a proxy of their functional importance. The data showed that the canopy communities were regularly structured, with a clear dominance hierarchy comprised of eight ‘major taxa’ that represented 87% of all arthropods. Despite significant differences in the proportions of taxa on deciduous and coniferous trees, the composition of the guilds was very similar. The individual tree genera, on the other hand, showed significant differences in guild composition, especially when different study areas and years were compared, whereas tree-specific traits, such as tree height, girth in breast height or leaf cover, explained little of the overall variance. On the ordinal level, guild composition also differed significantly between managed and primary forests, with a simultaneous low within-group variability, indicating that management is a key factor determining the distribution of biodiversity and guild composition.
Indoor house dust is a blend of organic and inorganic materials, upon which diverse microbial communities such as viruses, bacteria and fungi reside. Adequate moisture in the indoor environment helps microbial communities multiply fast. The outdoor air and materials that are brought into the buildings by airflow, sandstorms, animals pets and house occupants endow the indoor dust particles with extra features that impact human health. Assessment of the health effects of indoor dust particles, the type of indoor microbial inoculants and the secreted enzymes by indoor insects as allergens merit detailed investigation. Here, we discuss the applications of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology which is used to assess microbial diversity and abundance of the indoor dust environments. Likewise, the applications of NGS are discussed to monitor the gene expression profiles of indoor human occupants or their surrogate cellular models when exposed to aqueous solution of collected indoor dust samples. We also highlight the detection methods of dust allergens and analytical procedures that quantify the chemical nature of indoor particulate matter with a potential impact on human health. Our review is thus unique in advocating the applications of interdisciplinary approaches that comprehensively assess the health effects due to bad air quality in built environments.
A fine balance of regulatory (T\(_{reg}\)) and conventional CD4\(^+\) T cells (T\(_{conv}\)) is required to prevent harmful immune responses, while at the same time ensuring the development of protective immunity against pathogens. As for many cellular processes, sphingolipid metabolism also crucially modulates the T\(_{reg}\)/T\(_{conv}\) balance. However, our understanding of how sphingolipid metabolism is involved in T cell biology is still evolving and a better characterization of the tools at hand is required to advance the field. Therefore, we established a reductionist liposomal membrane model system to imitate the plasma membrane of mouse T\(_{reg}\) and T\(_{conv}\) with regards to their ceramide content. We found that the capacity of membranes to incorporate externally added azide-functionalized ceramide positively correlated with the ceramide content of the liposomes. Moreover, we studied the impact of the different liposomal preparations on primary mouse splenocytes in vitro. The addition of liposomes to resting, but not activated, splenocytes maintained viability with liposomes containing high amounts of C\(_{16}\)-ceramide being most efficient. Our data thus suggest that differences in ceramide post-incorporation into T\(_{reg}\) and T\(_{conv}\) reflect differences in the ceramide content of cellular membranes.