617 Chirurgie und verwandte medizinische Fachrichtungen
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- Adipositas (6)
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Institute
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik I) (71)
- Lehrstuhl für Orthopädie (58)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik II) (55)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Thorax-, Herz- u. Thorakale Gefäßchirurgie (28)
- Neurochirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik (15)
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie (Institut für Röntgendiagnostik) (11)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie (ab 2004) (9)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie (8)
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (8)
- Augenklinik und Poliklinik (6)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Abteilung für Molekulare Onkoimmunologie (1)
- IZKF Universität Würzburg (1)
- Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg (1)
- Institut für Klinische Epidemiologie und Biometrie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg (1)
- Klinik für Handchirurgie Bad Neustadt a.d. Saale (1)
- Klinik für Handchirurgie Bad Neustadt, Rhön-Klinikum, Bad Neustadt a.d. Saale (1)
- Klinik für Handchirurgie, Rhön Klinikum Campus Bad Neustadt (1)
- König-Ludwig-Haus Würzburg (1)
- Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Würzburg: Klinikum Main-Spessart (1)
- Orthopädische Klinik König-Ludwig-Haus (1)
EU-Project number / Contract (GA) number
- 101042738 (1)
CQ und HCQ werden häufig zur Behandlung von Erkrankungen aus dem rheumatischen Formenkreis wie z.B. SLE oder RA eingesetzt. Die lange Anwendung birgt das Risiko der Entwicklung einer CQ/HCQ-assoziierten Makulopathie. Diese ist charakterisiert durch den irreversiblen Verlust von Photorezeptoren und RPE und im Verlauf progredienten Visusverlust.
Die QAF-Bildgebung ist eine nicht-invasive, innovative Methode zur Diagnostik krankhafter Netzhautveränderungen. Durch entsprechende technische Modifikationen eines cSLO sind inzwischen quantitative Aussagen bei Verlaufskontrollen der FAF derselben Patienten und Patientinnen sowie interpersonelle Vergleiche möglich.
In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 32 CQ/HCQ Patienten und Patientinnen über den Zeitraum von einem Jahr mittels multimodaler Bildgebung (IR-, FAF bei 488 nm und 787 nm, QAF bei 488 nm, rotfreie Aufnahmen sowie SD-OCT Bilder) auf BEM-typische Veränderungen am Augenhintergrund gescreent bzw. Verlaufskontrollen bei bekannter BEM durchgeführt.
Die QAF Entwicklung innerhalb eines Jahres wurde quantitativ und räumlich analysiert. Hierbei zeigte sich eine den erwarteten Alterseffekt übersteigende Erhöhung der QAF. Dies könnte durch eine erhöhte Lipofuzingenese oder metabolische Aktivität der Netzhaut erklärt werden.
Die vorgestellten Methoden könnten zukünftig eine nützliche Erweiterung zu den bereits bestehenden Diagnostik-Tools für Screening auf BEM sein. Bei CQ/HCQ Patienten und Patientinnen zeigt sich eine grundsätzlich erhöhte QAF gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe ohne das Medikament. Im Ein-Jahres-Verlauf gab es einige Patienten und Patientinnen, die einen überdurchschnittlich starken Anstieg der QAF zeigen. Es bleibt zu klären, ob diese Ausreißer Hinweise auf die spätere Entwicklung einer BEM liefern. So könnte die QAF im klinischen Alltag Anwendung finden und vor allem bei Verlaufskontrollen zusätzliche Informationen bieten.
Avulsionsfrakturen des Kalkaneus sind seltene Verletzungen und machen mit 0,03 % bis 0,1 % einen sehr kleinen Anteil aller Frakturen aus. (13, 20-23, 25) Allerdings sind sie mit einer hohen Rate an Komplikationen verbunden. (27, 30, 73) Neben der prekären Weichteilsituation (17, 24, 30, 43, 44, 49) stellt vor allem eine ausreichende Stabilität der osteosynthetischen Versorgung eine Herausforderung dar. (30, 73) In dieser biomechanischen Studie wurden drei verschiedene kanülierte Schraubentypen, sowie zwei winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthesen zur Versorgung von Kalkaneusfrakturen bezüglich ihrer biomechanischen Stabilität in einer Materialprüfmaschine unter optischem Tracking mithilfe einer 3D-Kamera getestet und verglichen. Dazu wurden für jede der fünf Gruppen Avulsionsfrakturen vom Typ II nach Beavis an je zehn Kalkaneusmodellen aus Kunststoff erzeugt und diese anschließend unter Verwendung der jeweiligen Osteosynthese versorgt. Unter den drei Schraubentypen gab es zwei kanülierte Schrauben unterschiedlicher Größe mit Unterlegscheiben, die auch in der klinischen Praxis bereits Verwendung finden. Außerdem wurden versenkbare, kanülierte Doppelgewinde Schrauben verwendet, deren Einsatz bei dieser Verletzung nach unserem Wissen bisher nicht in der Literatur beschrieben ist. Das winkelstabile Plattensystem wurde bis jetzt nach eigener Literaturrecherche ebenfalls nicht in der hier angewandten Art und Weise zur Versorgung derartiger Frakturen verwendet. Alle Versuchsmodelle wurden, sofern es nicht während der Testung zum Versagen kam, auf drei verschiedenen Kraftniveaus (100 N, 200 N, 300 N) zyklisch und anschließend mit einer Maximalkrafttestung getestet. Dabei wurden das Peak to Peak Displacement bei 100 N, 200 N und 300 N, das maximale Displacement, die plastische Deformation bei 100 N, 200 N und 300 N, die Maximalkraft, die Steifigkeit bei 100 N, 200 N und 300 N und die Art des Fixationsversagens erfasst. Ziel der Studie war es, Unterschiede zwischen den Versorgungsformen aufzudecken. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die winkelstabile Plattenosteosynthese Stabilitätsdefizite bei der Versorgung von „beak“ Frakturen aufweist. Außerdem konnte gezeigt werden, dass beim Vergleich der versenkbaren, kanülierten Doppelgewinde Schrauben mit 5,0 mm Durchmesser mit den kanülierten Schrauben mit 6,5 mm Durchmesser und Unterlegscheiben keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede bestehen, außer bezüglich der Steifigkeit bei 300 N. Somit ist eine vergleichbare biomechanische Stabilität wahrscheinlich. Die versenkbaren, kanülierten Doppelgewinde Schrauben besitzen eine hohe biomechanische Stabilität und bieten die Möglichkeit, den Schraubenkopf im Knochenniveau zu versenken, wodurch weniger Weichteilirritationen und Wundheilungsstörungen zu vermuten sind. Sie scheinen deshalb eine attraktive Alternative zu kanülierten Schrauben mit Unterlegscheiben zu sein. Ob versenkbare, kanülierte Doppelgewinde Schrauben z.B. auch im Kadaverversuch eine ausreichende biomechanische Stabilität zeigen, bleibt allerdings nachfolgenden biomechanischen Studien vorbehalten. Ebenso muss der mögliche postoperative Vorteil hinsichtlich der Schonung der Weichteile in klinischen Studien untersucht werden.
Endoscopic management of umbilical and incisional hernias has adapted to the limitations of conventional laparoscopic instruments over the past 30 years. This includes the development of meshes for intraperitoneal placement (intraperitoneal onlay mesh, IPOM), with antiadhesive coatings; however, adhesions do occur in a significant proportion of these patients. Minimally invasive procedures result in fewer perioperative complications, but with a slightly higher recurrence rate. With the ergonomic resources of robotics, which offers angled instruments, it is now possible to implant meshes in a minimally invasively manner in different abdominal wall layers while achieving morphologic and functional reconstruction of the abdominal wall. This video article presents the treatment of ventral and incisional hernias with mesh implantation into the preperitoneal space (robot-assisted transabdominal preperitoneal ventral hernia repair, r‑ventral TAPP) as well as into the retrorectus space (r-Rives and robotic transabdominal retromuscular umbilical prosthetic repair, r‑TARUP, respectively). The results of a cohort study of 118 consecutive patients are presented and discussed with regard to the added value of the robotic technique in extraperitoneal mesh implantation and in the training of residents.
The surgical treatment of parastomal hernias is considered complex and is known to be prone to complications. Traditionally, this condition was treated using relocation techniques or local suture repairs. Since then, several mesh-based techniques have been proposed and are nowadays used in minimally invasive surgery. Since the introduction of robot-assisted surgery to the field of abdominal wall surgery, several adaptations to these techniques have been made, which may significantly improve patient outcomes. In this contribution, we provide an overview of available techniques in robot-assisted parastomal hernia repair. Technical considerations and preliminary results of robot-assisted modified Sugarbaker repair, robot-assisted Pauli technique, and minimally invasive use of a funnel-shaped mesh in the treatment of parastomal hernias are presented. Furthermore, challenges in robot-assisted ileal conduit parastomal hernia repair are discussed. These techniques are illustrated by photographic and video material. Besides providing a comprehensive overview of robot-assisted parastomal hernia repair, this article focuses on the specific advantages of robot-assisted techniques in the treatment of this condition.
Background
Dislocations of the elbow are the second most common dislocations of humeral joints following the shoulder. Besides numerous possible concomitant injuries of the collateral ligaments or the extensor or flexor apparatus, an accompanying disruption of the brachial artery is a rare occurrence. In the following, such a case is presented and discussed.
Method
A 70-year-old woman sustained a closed posterior elbow dislocation with accompanying disruption of the brachial artery due to a fall in a domestic environment. Pulselessness of the radial artery led to a computed tomography angiography being performed, which confirmed the diagnosis. Direct operative vascular reconstruction with a vein insert was carried out. Due to strong swelling of the soft tissue, other examinations of the elbow could not be performed initially. A redislocation a few days later led to an operative stabilization of the elbow joint.
Results
The final consultation 4 months postoperatively showed a stable, centered elbow joint and a normal perfusion of the affected arm. The elbow function was good with a range of motion of 0/0/110° of extension/flexion.
Conclusion
An elbow dislocation is a complex injury. An accurate clinical examination of possible concomitant injuries is important and should be repeated in the first few days after the occurrence. Vascular reconstruction should be performed immediately. In the case of persistent joint instability, an operative stabilization is indicated and may be supported by a hinged external fixator.
Background
Simulator training is an effective way of acquiring laparoscopic skills but there remains a need to optimize teaching methods to accelerate learning. We evaluated the effect of the mental exercise ‘deconstruction into key steps’ (DIKS) on the time required to acquire laparoscopic skills.
Methods
A randomized controlled trial with undergraduate medical students was implemented into a structured curricular laparoscopic training course. The intervention group (IG) was trained using the DIKS approach, while the control group (CG) underwent the standard course. Laparoscopic performance of all participants was video-recorded at baseline (t0), after the first session (t1) and after the second session (t2) nine days later. Two double-blinded raters assessed the videos. The Impact of potential covariates on performance (gender, age, prior laparoscopic experience, self-assessed motivation and self-assessed dexterity) was evaluated with a self-report questionnaire.
Results
Both the IG (n = 58) and the CG (n = 68) improved their performance after each training session (p < 0.001) but with notable differences between sessions. Whereas the CG significantly improved their performance from t0 –t1 (p < 0.05), DIKS shortened practical exercise time by 58% so that the IG outperformed the CG from t1 -t2, (p < 0.05). High self-assessed motivation and dexterity associated with significantly better performance (p < 0.05). Male participants demonstrated significantly higher overall performance (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Mental exercises like DIKS can improve laparoscopic performance and shorten practice times. Given the limited exposure of surgical residents to simulator training, implementation of mental exercises like DIKS is highly recommended. Gender, self-assessed dexterity, and motivation all appreciably influence performance in laparoscopic training.
The treatment of inguinal hernias with open and minimally invasive procedures has reached a high standard in terms of outcome over the past 30 years. However, there is still need for further improvement, mainly in terms of reduction of postoperative seroma, chronic pain, and recurrence. This video article presents the endoscopic anatomy of the groin with regard to robotic transabdominal preperitoneal patch plasty (r‑TAPP) and illustrates the surgical steps of r‑TAPP with respective video sequences. The results of a cohort study of 302 consecutive hernias operated by r‑TAPP are presented and discussed in light of the added value of the robotic technique, including advantages for surgical training. r‑TAPP is the natural evolution of conventional TAPP and has the potential to become a new standard as equipment availability increases and material costs decrease. Future studies will also have to refine the multifaceted added value of r‑TAPP with new parameters.
Purpose
A successful focused surgical approach in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) relies on accurate preoperative localization of the parathyroid adenoma (PA). Most often, ultrasound is followed by [\(^{99m}\)Tc]-sestamibi scintigraphy, but the value of this approach is disputed. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic approach in patients with surgically treated pHPT in our center with the aim to further refine preoperative diagnostic procedures.
Methods
A single-center retrospective analysis of patients with pHPT from 01/2005 to 08/2021 was carried out followed by evaluation of the preoperative imaging modalities to localize PA. The localization of the PA had to be confirmed intraoperatively by the fresh frozen section and significant dropping of the intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.
Results
From 658 patients diagnosed with pHPT, 30 patients were excluded from the analysis because of surgery for recurrent or persistent disease. Median age of patients was 58.0 (13–93) years and 71% were female. Neck ultrasound was carried out in 91.7% and localized a PA in 76.6%. In 23.4% (135/576) of the patients, preoperative neck ultrasound did not detect a PA. In this group, [\(^{99m}\)Tc]-sestamibi correctly identified PA in only 25.4% of patients. In contrast, in the same cohort, the use of [\(^{11}\)C]-methionine or [\(^{11}\)C]-choline PET resulted in the correct identification of PA in 79.4% of patients (OR 13.23; 95% CI 5.24–33.56).
Conclusion
[\(^{11}\)C]-Methionine or [\(^{11}\)C]-choline PET/CT are superior second-line imaging methods to select patients for a focused surgical approach when previous ultrasound failed to identify PA.
Background
An intragastric balloon is used to cause weight loss in super-obese patients (BMI > 60 kg/m\(^2\)) prior to bariatric surgery. Whether weight loss from intragastric balloon influences that from bariatric surgery is poorly studied.
Methods
In this retrospective, single-center study, the effects of intragastric balloon in 26 patients (BMI 69.26 ± 6.81) on weight loss after bariatric surgery (primary endpoint), postoperative complications within 30 days, hospital readmission, operation time, and MTL30 (secondary endpoints) were evaluated. Fifty-two matched-pair patients without intragastric balloon prior to bariatric surgery were used as controls.
Results
Intragastric balloon resulted in a weight loss of 17.3 ± 14.1 kg (BMI 5.75 ± 4.66 kg/m\(^2\)) with a nadir after 5 months. Surgical and postoperative outcomes including complications were comparable between both groups. Total weight loss was similar in both groups (29.0% vs. 32.2%, p = 0.362). Direct postoperative weight loss was more pronounced in the control group compared to the gastric balloon group (29.16 ± 7.53% vs 23.78 ± 9.89% after 1 year, p < 0.05 and 32.13 ± 10.5% vs 22.21 ± 10.9% after 2 years, p < 0.05), who experienced an earlier nadir and started to regain weight during the follow-up.
Conclusion
A multi-stage therapeutic approach with gastric balloon prior to bariatric surgery in super-obese patients may be effective to facilitate safe surgery. However, with the gastric balloon, pre-treated patients experienced an attenuated postoperative weight loss with an earlier nadir and earlier body weight regain. This should be considered when choosing the appropriate therapeutic regime and managing patients’ expectations.
The principle of targeted separation or weakening of individual components of the abdominal wall to relieve tension in the median line during major abdominal reconstruction has been known for over 30 years as anterior component separation (aCS) and is an established procedure. In search of alternatives with lower complication rates, posterior component separation (pCS) was developed; transversus abdominis release (TAR) is a nerve-sparing modification of pCS. With the ergonomic resources of robotics (e.g., angled instruments), TAR can be performed in a minimally invasive manner (r-TAR): hernia gaps of up to 14 cm can be closed and a large extraperitoneal mesh implanted. In this video article, the treatment of large incisional hernias using the r‑TAR technique is presented. Exemplary results of a cohort study in 13 consecutive patients are presented. The procedure is challenging, but our own results—as well as reports from the literature—are encouraging. The r‑TAR is becoming the pinnacle procedure for abdominal wall reconstruction.