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Die vorliegende Untersuchung gilt der Mikro- und Makrotypografie der seit 125 Jahren erscheinenden katholischen Verbandszeitschrift "Academia". Für die graphologischen und paläographischen Besonderheiten wird eine Hermeneutik vorgeschlagen. Das hier erforschte Druckbild repräsentiert mit einer Auflage von 30.000 Exemplaren im achtwöchigen Erscheinungsrhythmus den Cartellverband der Katholischen Deutschen Studentenverbindungen (CV). So illustriert und visualisiert dieses Druckbild mit seiner typografischen Performance zugleich den mitgliederstärksten Akademikerverband Europas.
A proangiogenic micromilieu is associated with a worse prognosis in systemic lymphoma. Hence, targeting the tumour microenvironment and its vasculature has evolved as a promising novel treatment strategy. The role of tumour neoangiogenesis in cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, however, has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we examined the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, as well as microvessel density by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded specimens of different subtypes of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas, systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma. Primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma (PCLBCL) were characterized by significantly higher intratumoral expression levels of VEGF and its receptors in comparison with the indolent lymphoma subtypes. Moreover, PCLBCL exhibited significantly higher intratumoral microvessel counts. Our study provides evidence that the most aggressive subtype of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, PCLBCL, is characterized by a proangiogenic micromilieu.
Paradigm Shift
(2013)
Neuro-immune alterations in the peripheral and central nervous system play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic pain, and non-coding RNAs – and microRNAs (miRNAs) in particular – regulate both immune and neuronal processes. Specifically, miRNAs control macromolecular complexes in neurons, glia and immune cells and regulate signals used for neuro-immune communication in the pain pathway. Therefore, miRNAs may be hypothesized as critically important master switches modulating chronic pain. In particular, understanding the concerted function of miRNA in the regulation of nociception and endogenous analgesia and defining the importance of miRNAs in the circuitries and cognitive, emotional and behavioral components involved in pain is expected to shed new light on the enigmatic pathophysiology of neuropathic pain, migraine and complex regional pain syndrome. Specific miRNAs may evolve as new druggable molecular targets for pain prevention and relief. Furthermore, predisposing miRNA expression patterns and inter-individual variations and polymorphisms in miRNAs and/or their binding sites may serve as biomarkers for pain and help to predict individual risks for certain types of pain and responsiveness to analgesic drugs. miRNA-based diagnostics are expected to develop into hands-on tools that allow better patient stratification, improved mechanism-based treatment, and targeted prevention strategies for high risk individuals.
Singapore has a unique and proactive approach towards managing the national transport system. This article explores the integrative approach of carsharing into the overall transport system from an individual sustainable mobility perspective. The authors argue that for Singapore, taxi services are the strongest competitor for the establishment of free-floating carsharing systems. Low taxi fares and a high distribution rate provide easy access for consumers and show great advantages in correspondence with the prevalent transport measures. Furthermore, the Singaporean government considers taxi services as part of public transport that helps bridging public transportation gaps in door-to-door travel. The article draws on literature review and expert interviews to evaluate the current market conditions and analyse the pros and cons of carsharing systems and taxi services as integrated part of the public transport system. The authors conclude by stating that from a sustainable perspective, the goal is to replace private car ownership. Provision of multi modal choices and therefore co-existence of different individual transport opportunities is indispensable.