Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (340)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (340) (remove)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (340) (remove)
Keywords
- ischemic stroke (26)
- Parkinson’s disease (17)
- deep brain stimulation (16)
- multiple sclerosis (15)
- neuroinflammation (15)
- Fabry disease (14)
- Parkinson's disease (14)
- stroke (13)
- Medizin (11)
- inflammation (10)
- neuropathic pain (9)
- pain (8)
- subthalamic nucleus (8)
- neurology (7)
- B cells (6)
- acute ischemic stroke (6)
- biomarker (6)
- cytokines (6)
- dopamine (6)
- dystonia (6)
- fibromyalgia syndrome (6)
- mouse model (6)
- neurodegeneration (6)
- MS (5)
- antibodies (5)
- blood-brain barrier (5)
- depression (5)
- middle cerebral artery occlusion (5)
- neuroprotection (5)
- traumatic brain injury (5)
- tremor (5)
- walking (5)
- GFAP (4)
- MRI (4)
- autoantibodies (4)
- basal ganglia (4)
- blood–brain barrier (4)
- cervical dystonia (4)
- disease (4)
- factor XII (4)
- immunohistochemistry (4)
- inflammasome (4)
- macrophages (4)
- magnetic resonance imaging (4)
- mechanical thrombectomy (4)
- movement disorders (4)
- mutation (4)
- neuropathy (4)
- platelets (4)
- skin punch biopsy (4)
- small fiber neuropathy (4)
- thrombo-inflammation (4)
- COVID-19 (3)
- EAE (3)
- Fabry-associated pain (3)
- Gehirn (3)
- HBMEC (3)
- Mice (3)
- Multiple sclerosis (3)
- NLRP3 (3)
- Neurodegeneration (3)
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) (3)
- Optic neuritis (3)
- Pain (3)
- Parkinson disease (3)
- Schlaganfall (3)
- T cells (3)
- Ureaplasma parvum (3)
- animal models (3)
- biomarkers (3)
- brain (3)
- cerebellar tDCS (3)
- cerebral ischemia (3)
- children (3)
- closed head injury (3)
- cognitive impairment (3)
- criteria (3)
- enzyme replacement therapy (3)
- essential tremor (3)
- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (3)
- experimental stroke (3)
- expression (3)
- gait initiation (3)
- gene expression (3)
- genetics (3)
- heart failure (3)
- kinematics (3)
- length of stenosis (3)
- local field potentials (3)
- lymphocytes (3)
- macrophage (3)
- mesencephalic locomotor region (3)
- mice (3)
- microglia (3)
- myelin (3)
- neurofilament light chain (3)
- neuroimmunology (3)
- neutrophils (3)
- photothrombotic stroke (3)
- polyneuropathy (3)
- quality of life (3)
- regulatory T cells (3)
- tMCAO (3)
- therapy (3)
- tight junctions (3)
- transplantation (3)
- trial (3)
- Alzheimer’s disease (2)
- Autoantibodies (2)
- B7-H1 (2)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (2)
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth (2)
- DYT1 (2)
- Diagnosis (2)
- ELISPOT (2)
- Enzyme replacement therapy (2)
- Fabry genotype (2)
- Fabry phenotype (2)
- Fibromyalgia syndrome (2)
- Glatiramer acetate (2)
- Guillain-Barre-Syndrome (2)
- Inflammation (2)
- Langerhans cells (2)
- Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) (2)
- MCC950 (2)
- Maus (2)
- Mechanisms (2)
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-IgG) (2)
- NEUROWIND (2)
- NMOSD (2)
- NOAC (2)
- Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (2)
- Neuropathy (2)
- Outcome survey (2)
- PET (2)
- T lymphocytes (2)
- T-lymphocytes (2)
- Tourette syndrome (2)
- Treatment (2)
- Ureaplasma urealyticum (2)
- accuracy (2)
- adaptive immune system (2)
- aging (2)
- amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis (2)
- animal model (2)
- anxiety (2)
- atrial fibrillation (2)
- autoantibody (2)
- balance (2)
- base of support (2)
- beta oscillations (2)
- binding (2)
- blood brain barrier (2)
- blood flow (2)
- blood pressure (2)
- c-Fos (2)
- carotid atherosclerosis (2)
- carotid stenosis (2)
- carotid ultrasound (2)
- case report (2)
- central nervous system (2)
- cerebral autoregulation (2)
- cerebrospinal fluid (2)
- cerebrovascular disorders (2)
- chronic cerebrovascular disease (2)
- chronic kidney disease (2)
- chronic pain (2)
- colony-stimulating factor (2)
- contact-kinin system (2)
- degree of stenosis (2)
- dementia (2)
- diagnosis (2)
- diagnostic markers (2)
- differential diagnosis (2)
- dimethyl fumarate (2)
- disability (2)
- diseases of the nervous system (2)
- echocardiography (2)
- edema (2)
- electrophysiology (2)
- endoglin (2)
- endothelial cells (2)
- exercise (2)
- fibromyalgia (2)
- gait (2)
- gait analysis (2)
- gene (2)
- generalized cerebral edema (2)
- glial fate modulation (2)
- glial fibrillary acidic protein (2)
- globotriaosylceramide (2)
- glycine receptor (2)
- glycoprotein receptor Ib (2)
- guidelines (2)
- hearing loss (2)
- hypoxia (2)
- immune cells (2)
- immunomodulation (2)
- in vivo imaging (2)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (2)
- infarction (2)
- inflammatory neuropathy (2)
- ion channels (2)
- ischemic penumbra (2)
- lesions (2)
- leukocytes (2)
- locomotor adaptation (2)
- locus coeruleus (2)
- machine learning (2)
- major depression (2)
- meningitis (2)
- microRNA (2)
- mitochondria (2)
- mortality (2)
- motor learning (2)
- mouse models (2)
- multiple system atrophy (2)
- multiple-sclerosis (2)
- nerve fibers (2)
- neurofascin (2)
- neurological disorders (2)
- neurons (2)
- opioids (2)
- outcomes (2)
- passive transfer (2)
- pathogenesis (2)
- photothrombosis (2)
- physical activity (2)
- preclinical research (2)
- predictive value (2)
- protein (2)
- randomized controlled trial (2)
- rat (2)
- relapse (2)
- renal system (2)
- reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (2)
- second hit (2)
- spinal cord (2)
- spinal cord injury (2)
- split-belt treadmill (2)
- stroke unit (2)
- synaptic vesicles (2)
- telemedicine (2)
- thrombosis (2)
- transient ischemic attack (2)
- transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (2)
- velocity (2)
- voluntary movement (2)
- von Willebrand factor (2)
- 2B (1)
- 3D fluoroscopy (1)
- 5IA-SPECT (1)
- 65-kda isoform (1)
- A-delta fibers (1)
- A53T (1)
- ADHD (1)
- ALS (1)
- ALS mimic (1)
- ALS treatment (1)
- ALSIN gene (1)
- APERIO (1)
- APERIO Hybrid (1)
- AQP4 (1)
- ASC (1)
- Adaptive cell transfer (1)
- Adult patients (1)
- Agalsidase beta (1)
- Agalsidase beta therapy (1)
- Alemtuzumab (1)
- Alpha galactosidase (1)
- Alzheimer disease (1)
- Alzheimer’s dementia (1)
- Amplitude (1)
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (1)
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire 5 (ALSAQ-5) (1)
- Anderson-Fabry Disease (1)
- Animal models (1)
- Antibody index (1)
- Antiparanodal Autoantibodies (1)
- Anxiety (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
- Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ig, NMO-IgG)G (1)
- Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) (1)
- Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG, NMO-IgG) (1)
- Arterial Diameters (1)
- Arterial water (1)
- Ataxia (1)
- Atrial fibrillation (1)
- Axon degeneration (1)
- Axonal degeneration (1)
- Azathioprine (1)
- Aδ- and C-fibers (1)
- B-lymphocytes (1)
- BB/OKL rats (1)
- BDNF (1)
- Barkhof criteria (1)
- Beta-glucocerebrosidase (1)
- Biomarker (1)
- Braak (1)
- Brain (1)
- Brain atrophy (1)
- Brain edema (1)
- Brain ischemia (1)
- Brainstem encephalitis (1)
- C-reactive protein (1)
- C.376A>G (p.S126G) (1)
- C1-inhibitor (1)
- C57BL/6 mice (1)
- CCI (1)
- CCS (1)
- CD105 (1)
- CD133 (1)
- CD19 (1)
- CD52 (1)
- CIDP (1)
- CLN3 (1)
- CMV (1)
- CNS (1)
- CNS Myelination (1)
- CNS disease (1)
- CNS imaging (1)
- CNS integrity (1)
- COMPLEX 1 (1)
- COU254 (1)
- CRPS (1)
- CSF (1)
- CSVD (1)
- CXCL4 (1)
- CXCL5 (1)
- CXCL7 (1)
- CXCL8 (1)
- CXCR2 (1)
- Ca2+ homeostasis (1)
- Ca2+ ion analysis (1)
- Ca2+ leak (1)
- Ca2+ oscillation (1)
- Capsaicin receptor (1)
- Caspase (1)
- Cell Index (1)
- Cell therapy (1)
- Cell-based assays (1)
- Cerebellitis (1)
- Cerebral blood flow (1)
- Cerebral small vessel disease (1)
- Cerebral vasospasm (1)
- Cerebral-ischemia (1)
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (1)
- Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (1)
- Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (1)
- CholinomiRs (1)
- Chronic heart failure (1)
- Chronic neuropathic pain (1)
- Cisterna magna (1)
- Clinical manifestations (1)
- Clinically silent stroke (1)
- Coefficient (1)
- Cognitive behavior (1)
- Cognitive decline (1)
- Cold (1)
- Computertomographie (1)
- Corneal confocal microscopy (1)
- Crespi effect (1)
- Cytokines (1)
- D313Y genotype (1)
- DARPA (1)
- DBS biomarkers (1)
- DBS programming (1)
- DOPA-responsive-dystonia (1)
- DRD1 (1)
- Deflazacort (1)
- Delphi procedure (1)
- Demyelinating peripheral neuropathy (1)
- Devic’s syndrome (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Diabetic polyneuropathy (1)
- Diplopia Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) (1)
- Disease (1)
- Donor lymphocytes (1)
- Dose reduction (1)
- Double hemorrhage model (1)
- Duchenne dystrphy (1)
- Durchblutung (1)
- Dystonia (1)
- EEG data (1)
- ER Ca2+ imaging (1)
- ER Ca2+ store (1)
- ERK1/2 (1)
- Edema (1)
- El Escorial (1)
- Electrophysiology (1)
- English version (1)
- Epilepsy (1)
- EuroQol Five Dimension Five Level Scale (EQ-5D-5L) (1)
- Evoked potentials (1)
- Experimental stroke (1)
- Expression (1)
- F-18-FDG PET (1)
- FOSMN (1)
- FP-CIT SPECT (1)
- FTY720 (1)
- FTY720-P (1)
- FXII (1)
- FXIIa inhibitor rHA-Infestin (1)
- Fabry (1)
- Fabry cardiomyopathy (1)
- Fabry nephropathy (1)
- Facial nerve palsy (1)
- Factor messenger-RNA (1)
- Fc-receptor (1)
- Fibromyalgia (1)
- Fibromyalgie (1)
- Frabin/Fgd4 (1)
- GABAergic neurons (1)
- GCH1 (1)
- GFAP-astrocytopathies (1)
- GPCR (1)
- GRAID (1)
- Gene-expression (1)
- Gland (1)
- Glial fibrillary acidic protein (1)
- Glioblastoma (1)
- Glioma stem cells (1)
- Glutamic-acid decarboxylase anxiety (1)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (1)
- Guillain-Barré-Syndrom (1)
- HMGB1 (1)
- Head-injury (1)
- Hearing loss (1)
- Heat Hyperalgesia (1)
- Hemodynamic depression (1)
- Hyperalgesia (1)
- IBA-1 (1)
- IENFD (1)
- IL-15 (1)
- IL-22 binding protein isoform (1)
- IL-4 (1)
- IL22RA2 (1)
- IPND criteria (1)
- IVIg (1)
- Identification (1)
- IgG (1)
- IgG4 (1)
- Immune system (1)
- Infections (1)
- Innervation (1)
- Insulin (1)
- IntelliCage (1)
- Interferon beta (1)
- Interleukin-18 (1)
- Interleukin-6 (1)
- Interleukin-6-Deficient mice (1)
- International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (1)
- Intractable nausea and vomiting (1)
- Intravascular coagulation (1)
- Ischemia (1)
- Ischemic stroke (1)
- JCV (1)
- K+ channel (1)
- K2P channels (1)
- KCNK5 (1)
- K\(_{2P}\)5.1 (1)
- Kaliumkanal (1)
- L-DOPA (1)
- LI-rTMS (1)
- LIMP-2 (1)
- LSVT-big therapy (1)
- LTD (1)
- Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (1)
- Lewy-like pathology (1)
- Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) (1)
- Long COVID (1)
- Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (1)
- Lysosomal storage disease (1)
- MDL-28170 (1)
- MIBG scintigraphy (1)
- MIC ligands (1)
- MMP9 (1)
- MOC fibers (1)
- MOG-IgG (1)
- MRI criteria (1)
- MSSS (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Macrophages (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- Magnetic-resonance (1)
- McDonald criteria (1)
- Mediated Inflammatory Hyperalgesia (1)
- Meige syndrome (1)
- Memory dysfunction (1)
- Meningitis (1)
- Merkel cell density (1)
- Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (1)
- Methotrexate (1)
- Microglia (1)
- Migräne (1)
- Miyoshi myopathy (1)
- Model (1)
- Molecular-weight heparin (1)
- Monopolar depression (1)
- Motor cortex (1)
- Motor nerve biopsy (1)
- Motor plasticity (1)
- Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIa (1)
- Multiple Sklerose (1)
- Mycobacterium caprae (1)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (1)
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (1)
- Myelitis (1)
- Myeloma (1)
- NADPH oxidase inhibitors (1)
- NAP-2 (1)
- NETs (1)
- NF-\(\kappa\)B (1)
- NF-κB (1)
- NKG2D (1)
- NKG2D ligands (1)
- NMO-IGG (1)
- NMR-Tomographie (1)
- NPC1 gene (1)
- NPC2 gene (1)
- NPSI (1)
- Natalizumab (1)
- Necrosis-factor-Alpha (1)
- Nerve growth-factorcopy (1)
- Nestin (1)
- Neuralgie (1)
- Neurogenic inflammation (1)
- Neuroinflammation (1)
- Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (1)
- Neuromyelitis optica antibodies (NMO-IgG) (1)
- Neurotrophic factors (1)
- Neutrophil (1)
- NfL (1)
- Niemann–Pick disease type C (1)
- Nodo-parandopathy (1)
- OCB (1)
- Ofatumumab (1)
- Oligoclonal bands (1)
- Oncostatin-M-Receptor (1)
- Opioid receptor (1)
- Optical coherence tomography (1)
- Orai2 (1)
- Oral anticoagulation (1)
- Osteopontin (1)
- Outcome (1)
- PD-L1 (1)
- PF4 (1)
- PI3K isoforms (1)
- PML (1)
- PPAR-gamme (1)
- Pain questionnaire (1)
- Pain-related evoked potentials (1)
- Paradoxical heat sensation (1)
- Parkinson (1)
- Parkinsons disease (1)
- Parkionson's disease (1)
- Perfusion (1)
- Peripheral Inflammation (1)
- Peripheral nervous system (1)
- Pharmacological management (1)
- Plasma extravasation (1)
- Pleckstrin homology containing family member 5 (Plekhg5) (1)
- Pointing error (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Prodigy (1)
- Progressive supranuclear palsy (1)
- Proprioception (1)
- Quality of life (1)
- R-715 (1)
- RECK (1)
- RKIP (1)
- RNA extraction (1)
- Randomized controlled trial (1)
- Randomized controlled-trial (1)
- Rat (1)
- Rat Sensory Neurons (1)
- Rats (1)
- Receptors (1)
- Regenerative medicine (1)
- Respiratory insufficiency (1)
- Retinal degeneration (1)
- Rheumatoid-Arthritis (1)
- Rho-GTPase Cdc42 (1)
- Rhombencephalitis (1)
- Richardson-Olszewski-Syndrome (1)
- Rituximab (1)
- Rochester diabetic neuropathy (1)
- SARS-CoV (1)
- SB332235 (1)
- SERCA (1)
- SGLT2 inhibitors (1)
- SHRSP (1)
- SNI (1)
- SOD1 mutations (1)
- SPG4 (1)
- SREBP (1)
- STAIR (1)
- STEMI (1)
- Sars-CoV-2 (1)
- Schlaganfall-Netzwerk (1)
- Schwann cell (1)
- Schwann cell dedifferentiation (1)
- Schwann cell differentiation (1)
- Schwann-cells (1)
- Screening questionnaire (1)
- Secondary stroke prevention (1)
- Sensitivity (1)
- Serotonin (1)
- Silver-syndrome (1)
- Sjorgens-syndrome (1)
- Skelettmuskel (1)
- Skin biopsy (1)
- Small fiber dysfunction (1)
- Small fiber neuropathy (1)
- Small-fiber neuropathy (1)
- Sonic hedgehog (1)
- Sphingosine 1-Phosphate (1)
- Stim (1)
- Stimuli (1)
- Stroke (1)
- Stroke unit (1)
- Stroke-Unit (1)
- Subarachnoid (1)
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (1)
- Survey (1)
- System involvement (1)
- T cell activation (1)
- T-PA (1)
- T-cells (1)
- TASK2 (1)
- TBI (1)
- TDMT (1)
- TIMP-1 (1)
- TIND (1)
- TLO (1)
- TMS (1)
- TNF-α (1)
- TNFα (1)
- TOR1A (1)
- TRP Channels (1)
- TSPO (1)
- Tdp-43 (1)
- Telemedizin (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thermal Hyperalgesia (1)
- Thrombus (1)
- Thrombus formation (1)
- Training (1)
- Transverse Myelitis (1)
- Transverse myelitis (1)
- TrkB (1)
- Tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (Tph2) (1)
- Tuberkulose (1)
- Type 1 diabetes (1)
- Umfragestudie (1)
- Ureaplasma species (1)
- VCAM-1 (1)
- Vaccination (1)
- Vasodilatator-stimuliertes Phosphoprotein (1)
- Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein (1)
- Von-Willebrand-factor (1)
- Western blot (1)
- Wingerchuk criteria 2006 and 2015 (1)
- X-chromosomal inactivation (1)
- XAV-939 (1)
- Zonula Occludens-1 (1)
- [18F]FDG positron emission tomography (1)
- acid sphingomyelinase (1)
- activation (1)
- acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (1)
- acute management of stroke (1)
- acute neurology (1)
- acute stroke imaging (1)
- acute stroke management (1)
- acute stroke outcome (1)
- adhesion molecules (1)
- adrenal medulla (1)
- adsorption (1)
- adult-onset (1)
- advanced therapy medicinal products (1)
- afferents (1)
- age (1)
- aggression (1)
- albumin (1)
- algorithm (1)
- alias pilot trial (1)
- allodynia (1)
- alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (1)
- alpha-galactosidase A (1)
- alpha‐synuclein (1)
- alpha‐synuclein propagation (1)
- alpha‐synuclein seeding (1)
- amygdala (1)
- amyloidosis (1)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1)
- analgesia (1)
- analgesic medication (1)
- aneurysm surgery (1)
- angiography (1)
- animal behavior (1)
- ankles (1)
- antagomir (1)
- anthropometric measurement (1)
- anthropometric measurements (1)
- anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (1)
- anti-contactin-1 (1)
- anticoagulants (1)
- anticoagulation (1)
- antidepressants (1)
- antigen-presenting cells (1)
- apoE (1)
- apoe (1)
- apomorphine (1)
- aquaporin 4 (1)
- aquaporin-4 autoantibodies (1)
- areas (1)
- arm (1)
- artery occlusion (1)
- assistive devices (1)
- association (1)
- association studies in genetics (1)
- astrocyte (1)
- astrocytes (1)
- astrogliosis (1)
- atherosclerosis (1)
- atrophy Kennedys-disease (1)
- attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (1)
- attenuation of disease (1)
- atypical chemokine receptor 3 (1)
- autoantibody (aAb) (1)
- autoimmune (1)
- autoimmune neuroinflammation (1)
- autoimmune nodopathy (1)
- autophagy (1)
- autoradiography (1)
- axonal degeneration (1)
- axonal integrity (1)
- axonal transcriptome (1)
- axonal transport (1)
- axonopathic changes (1)
- back pain (1)
- barrier (1)
- barrier integrity (1)
- basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (1)
- behavioral disorders (1)
- beta oscillation (1)
- beta power (1)
- bilateral internal carotid artery stenosis (1)
- bilateral motor network (1)
- binding analysis (1)
- biological locomotion (1)
- biopsies (1)
- biopsy (1)
- blood (1)
- blood CSF barrier (1)
- blood coagulability (1)
- blood coagulation (1)
- blood nerve barrier (1)
- blood sedimentation (1)
- bone-marrow (1)
- botulinum neurotoxin (1)
- botulinum toxin (1)
- bradykinesia (1)
- bradykinin (1)
- brain dynamics (1)
- brain edema (1)
- brain endothelium (1)
- brain metabolic alterations (1)
- brain networks (1)
- brain state (1)
- brain stem (1)
- burning pain (1)
- calpain (1)
- capsaicin (1)
- cardiac imaging (1)
- cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (1)
- cardiovascular disease (1)
- care (1)
- care tempis (1)
- caregiver (1)
- caregiver burden (1)
- caudate nucleus (1)
- celiac disease (1)
- cell adhesion (1)
- cell binding assay (1)
- cellular therapy (1)
- cerebellar vermis hypoplasia (1)
- cerebellum (1)
- cerebral arteries (1)
- cerebral blood flow (1)
- cerebral inflammation (1)
- cerebral microbleeds (1)
- cerebral small vessel disease (1)
- cerebrospinal fluid culture (1)
- cerebrospinal-fluid (1)
- cerebrovascular diseases (1)
- chemokines (1)
- chitinase-3-like protein 1 (1)
- choline acetyltransferase (1)
- cholinergic activity (1)
- cholinergic system (1)
- chronic constriction nerve injury (1)
- chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI) (1)
- chronic heart failure (1)
- chronic stimulation (1)
- chronic stress (1)
- classification (1)
- claudin-1 (1)
- clinical approach (1)
- clinical diagnosis (1)
- clinical neurology (1)
- clinical outcome (1)
- clinical phenotype (1)
- clip control (1)
- closed-loop (1)
- cluster analysis (1)
- coagulation (1)
- coagulation factor XIIa (1)
- cochlea (1)
- cognitive (1)
- cognitive decline (1)
- cognitive function (1)
- coherence (1)
- coherence analysis (1)
- collagens (1)
- collateral circulation (1)
- colony stimulating factor 1 (1)
- compensatory strategies (1)
- complement (1)
- complement deposition (1)
- complex regional pain syndrome (1)
- comprehension (1)
- computed tomography (1)
- computer vision (1)
- consolidation (1)
- contact activation system (1)
- contactin (1)
- continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) (1)
- contrast (1)
- contrast-enhanced MRI (1)
- conversion (1)
- coordination (1)
- coping (1)
- corneal confocal microscopy (1)
- cortical activation (1)
- cortical excitability (1)
- cortical oscillatory activity (1)
- cortical pathology (1)
- cortical silent period (1)
- cortico-striatal synapse (1)
- crossover trial (1)
- cue (1)
- cutaneous innervation (1)
- cutaneous patch (1)
- cutting edge (1)
- dSPN (1)
- damage cool aid (1)
- darbepoetin alpha (1)
- data filtering (1)
- deep brain stimulation (DBS) (1)
- deep brain-stimulation (1)
- degeneration (1)
- delayed cerebral infarction (1)
- delays progression (1)
- demography (1)
- demyelinating disease (1)
- demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (1)
- demyelination (1)
- dendric cells (1)
- dermal B cells (1)
- design (1)
- developmental signaling (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diabetic neuropathy (1)
- diagnosis in Fabry disease (1)
- diagnostic delay (1)
- diagnostic medicine (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- diffuse (1)
- digital medicine (1)
- direct pathway (1)
- directional deep brain stimulation (1)
- disease model (1)
- disease progression (1)
- disease severity (1)
- disease-modifying therapy (1)
- disorder (1)
- domain potassium channels (1)
- dopamine acetylcholine (1)
- dopamine transporter (DAT) (1)
- dopaminergic cells (1)
- drug (1)
- duodenal levodopa infusion (1)
- dysferlinopathy (1)
- edoxaban (1)
- effects (1)
- efficacy (1)
- ejection fraction (1)
- electromyography (1)
- element (1)
- embolic stroke (1)
- emulsions (1)
- encephalitis (1)
- endothelin-1 (1)
- endotheliopathy (1)
- enteropathy (1)
- enzyme assays (1)
- enzyme-linked immunoassays (1)
- epidermis (1)
- event-related desynchronization (1)
- exome sequencing (1)
- experimental (1)
- experimental autoimmune neuritis (1)
- experimental design (1)
- expert opinion (1)
- extensiv transverse myelitis (1)
- extracellular domain (1)
- eye movement disorders (1)
- facial pain (1)
- factor XI (1)
- familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (1)
- family caregiver (1)
- fatigue (1)
- fear (1)
- fear memory (1)
- feasibility (1)
- female Fabry patients (1)
- females (1)
- fibers (1)
- fibroblast (1)
- finger-tapping task (1)
- fingolimod (1)
- flotillin-1 lipid rafts (1)
- fluorine (1)
- focal (1)
- focal brain lesion (1)
- focal cerebral ischemia (1)
- focal cerebral-ischemia (1)
- fosfomycin (1)
- free radical scavenger (1)
- freezing of gait (1)
- freezing of gait (FOG) (1)
- fullerenes (1)
- functional MRI (1)
- functional neuroanatomy (1)
- fungal infection (1)
- future directions (1)
- gadofluorine (1)
- gadolinium-DTPA (1)
- gait modulation (1)
- gait-phase prediction (1)
- galactomannan (1)
- gender (1)
- gene mutations (1)
- gene variant (1)
- gene-by-environment interaction (1)
- gene-environment interaction (1)
- generalized cerebellar atrophy (1)
- genome-wide association study (1)
- genotype-phenotype correlation (1)
- genotype/phenotype correlation (1)
- gephyrin (1)
- giant cell arteritis (1)
- glial damage (1)
- glioblastoma multiforme (1)
- globus pallidus (1)
- globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) (1)
- glycation end products (1)
- glycine receptor (GlyR) (1)
- glycine receptor autoantibodies (1)
- glycoprotein Ib (1)
- glycoprotein VI (1)
- glycoprotein receptor Ibα (1)
- glycosylation (1)
- granzyme B (1)
- gridle muscular-dystrophy (1)
- growth (1)
- growth pattern (1)
- health behavior (1)
- health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (1)
- hemicraniectomy (1)
- hemoglobin (1)
- hemorrhagic transformation (1)
- hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (1)
- hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) (1)
- hernia repair (1)
- hexanucleotide repeat (1)
- high contrast (1)
- hip (1)
- hippocampus (1)
- histology (1)
- homotypic fusion and protein sorting (1)
- hospitals (1)
- human brain endothelium (1)
- human brain microvascular endothelial cells (1)
- human cerebral endothelial cells (1)
- human muscle-cells (1)
- human neurons (1)
- humans (1)
- hyperalgesia (1)
- hypercholesterolemia (1)
- hyperekplexia (1)
- hypothermia (1)
- i.v. thrombolysis (1)
- idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (1)
- image quality (1)
- image-guided programming (1)
- imaging (1)
- immaturity (1)
- immune (1)
- immune system (1)
- immune-response (1)
- immunofluorescence (1)
- immunoglobulin-G (1)
- implants (1)
- in-vivo (1)
- incidence (1)
- increased risk (1)
- induced neural stem cells (1)
- inducible expression (1)
- inebilizumab (1)
- inertial measurement units (1)
- infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (1)
- infarction size (1)
- infarction volume (1)
- inflammatory cascades (1)
- inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (1)
- informal care (1)
- informed consent (1)
- inherited metabolic disorders (1)
- inherited peripheral neuropathy (1)
- injection site reactions; (1)
- innate immune system (1)
- innervation (1)
- integrin α2 (1)
- integrins (1)
- intensity of attention (1)
- interference (1)
- interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (1)
- interleukin-8 (1)
- internal carotid artery stenosis (1)
- internal globus pallidus (1)
- internal medicine (1)
- internet-based intervention (1)
- interval timing (1)
- interview (1)
- intracranial bleeding (1)
- intracranial hemorrhage (1)
- intractable hiccup (1)
- intraepidermal nerve fiber density (1)
- intraepidermal nerve fibre density (1)
- intraoperative (1)
- intrathecal application (1)
- intravenous immunoglobulin (1)
- intravenous thrombolysis (1)
- invasive electric stimulation (1)
- ipsilateral motor evoked potential (1)
- ipsilateral motor network (1)
- iron (1)
- iron dyshomeostasis (1)
- iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- ischemia (1)
- ischemia/reperfusion injury (1)
- ischemic cascade (1)
- just noticeable difference (JND) (1)
- kallikrein-kinin system (1)
- kallikrein–kinin system (1)
- kinesthesia (1)
- kinin receptor (1)
- kinin receptors (1)
- knees (1)
- large vessel occlusion (1)
- learning (1)
- levodopa-induced dyskinesia (1)
- linkage (1)
- liponeurocytoma (1)
- locomotion (1)
- long-term pain (1)
- longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (1)
- lymphokine-activated killer (1)
- lyso-Gb3 (1)
- lysosomal dysfunction (1)
- lysosomal enzyme (1)
- lysosomal storage disease (1)
- lyso‐Gb3 (1)
- magnesium (1)
- management (1)
- mast cells (1)
- matrix metalloproteinases (1)
- mechanical energy (1)
- mechanisms (1)
- medial ganglionic eminence (1)
- medication therapy failure (1)
- medulloblastoma (1)
- mental health (1)
- mesenchymal stem and stromal cells (1)
- mesenchymal stem cells (1)
- metaanalysis (1)
- methylphenidate (1)
- miR-182-5p (1)
- miR-21 (1)
- miRNA (1)
- miRNA expression patterns (1)
- miRNA polymorphisms (1)
- miRNA-based analgesic (1)
- miRNA-based diagnostics (1)
- mice impact (1)
- microangiopathy (1)
- microscopy (1)
- microsphere/macrosphere (1)
- microtubules (1)
- midbrain (1)
- migraine (1)
- migraineur (1)
- mixed fiber neuropathy (1)
- mixed methods (1)
- molecular signature (1)
- monocycline (1)
- monocytes (1)
- monomethyl fumarate (1)
- motoneuron disease (1)
- motor (1)
- motor axonal neuropathy (1)
- motor control (1)
- motor cortex (1)
- motor evoked potential (MEP) (1)
- motor function (1)
- motor neuron disease (1)
- motor neuropathy (1)
- motor proteins (1)
- motor-evoked potentials (MEP) (1)
- mouse (1)
- mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell cultur (1)
- movement (1)
- movement disorder (1)
- movements (1)
- multiple sklerosis (1)
- muscle atrophy (1)
- muscle strength (1)
- musical syntax (1)
- musk myasthenia gravis (1)
- myasthenia gravis (1)
- myelin biology and repair (1)
- myelination (1)
- myocardial infarction (1)
- natural history (1)
- natural killer cells (1)
- near-infrared spectroscopy (1)
- neonatal meningitis (1)
- nerve biopsy (1)
- nerve fibres (1)
- nerve tumor (1)
- nerve-fibers (1)
- nervous system (1)
- nervous-system (1)
- neural apoptosis (1)
- neural stem cell (1)
- neural stem cells (1)
- neuralgia (1)
- neurobehavioural deficits (1)
- neuroborreliosis (1)
- neurocritical care (1)
- neurocytoma (1)
- neurofilaments (1)
- neuroleukemiosis (1)
- neurological (1)
- neurological complications (1)
- neurological examination (1)
- neuromelanin (1)
- neuronal apoptosis (1)
- neuronal differentiation (1)
- neuronal network (1)
- neuronal stem cells (1)
- neuronopathy (1)
- neurophysiology (1)
- neuroplasticity (1)
- neurorepair (1)
- neuroscience (1)
- neutrophil (1)
- nicotinamide (1)
- nicotinic receptors (1)
- nociceptive Schwann cells (1)
- nociceptor sensitization (1)
- node of ranvier (1)
- nodes of Ranvier (1)
- non-motor features (1)
- nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (1)
- noradrenalin (1)
- noradrenaline (1)
- norepinephrine (1)
- novo renal transplantation (1)
- nucleus ventralis intermedius (1)
- nystagmus (1)
- object recognition memory (1)
- obstacle avoidance (1)
- occlusion (1)
- oligodendroglia (1)
- on-site examination (1)
- online systems (1)
- ontactin 1 (1)
- opioid (1)
- optic neuritis (1)
- optical coherence tomography (1)
- outcome (1)
- outer hair cell (OHC) (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- p.R245H (1)
- p.S298P (1)
- p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (1)
- p57kip2 (1)
- pain pattern (1)
- pain questionnaire (1)
- pain sensation (1)
- pain-associated behavior (1)
- pain-related evoked potentials (1)
- pallidal stimulation (1)
- pandemic (1)
- paranodopathy (1)
- paraparesis (1)
- parkinson disease (1)
- parkinsons disease (1)
- pathology section (1)
- pathophysiology (1)
- pathway analysis (1)
- pathways (1)
- patient reported outcome measures (1)
- patient triage (1)
- pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) (1)
- pegylated insulin-like growth factor 1 (1)
- peptide (1)
- periperal nerve (1)
- peripheral injury (1)
- peripheral nerve involvement (1)
- peripheral nervous system (1)
- peripheral nervous-system (1)
- peripheral neuropathy (1)
- permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (1)
- pet (1)
- ph (1)
- phosphorylated tau protein (1)
- physical therapy modalities (1)
- pilot project (1)
- placebo-controlled (1)
- plaque cross-sectional area (1)
- plasma extravasation (1)
- plasma oxysterols (1)
- plasminogen (1)
- platelet activation (1)
- platelet aggregation (1)
- point-of-care echocardiography (1)
- pointing task (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polymorphisms inflammation (1)
- polymyositis (1)
- population-based (1)
- position estimation (1)
- post-processing (1)
- post-traumatic stress disorder (1)
- postherpetic neuralgia (1)
- postural control (1)
- posture (1)
- potassium channels (1)
- potent inducer (1)
- precision medicine (1)
- prednisone (1)
- prefrontal cortex (1)
- presynaptic inhibition (1)
- preterm birth (1)
- preventive treatment (1)
- prognosis (1)
- progression (1)
- progressive ataxia (1)
- progressive encephalitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) (1)
- progressive supranuclear palsy (1)
- proinflammatory cytokine (1)
- protein and mRNA expression (1)
- proteins (1)
- proteolipid protein (1)
- proteolipid protein gene (1)
- proteomics (1)
- psychophysics (1)
- purmorphamine (1)
- quality (1)
- quality control (1)
- quality of life (QoL) (1)
- quality-control (1)
- quantitative sensory testing (1)
- qutenza (1)
- randomized controlled double-blind study (1)
- rat brain microvascular endothelial cell culture (1)
- rat hepatocytes (1)
- rats (1)
- reach-to-grasp movement (1)
- reaction-time tasks (1)
- receptor (1)
- receptor tyrosine kinase (1)
- recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (1)
- recommendations (1)
- recurrence (1)
- reflex (1)
- regional heterogeneity (1)
- regulation (1)
- regulatory cells (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- reinnervation (1)
- relapsing multiple sclerosis (1)
- relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (1)
- religiosity (1)
- renal function (1)
- reoxygenation (1)
- reperfusion (1)
- reperfusion injury (1)
- reproducible outcome measure (1)
- reserpinized rat model (1)
- responsivity (1)
- resting tremor (1)
- retinal ganglion cells (1)
- retinocochleocerebral (1)
- rett (1)
- rhythm perception (1)
- risk (1)
- risk factors (1)
- risk of fall (1)
- rt-PA (1)
- safety and tolerability (1)
- scale (1)
- sciatic nerve (1)
- sciatic nerves (1)
- search filter (1)
- secondary infarct growth (1)
- secretome (1)
- segmental centers of mass (1)
- sensory neurons (1)
- seronegative (1)
- serotonin (1)
- serum (1)
- sex addiction (1)
- shedding (1)
- shingles (1)
- signal peptide (1)
- single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (1)
- skilled forelimb movements (1)
- skin biopsy (1)
- skin diseases (1)
- skin tumors (1)
- small vessel disease (1)
- small-fiber neuropathy (1)
- software (1)
- soleus muscles (1)
- soluble endoglin (1)
- somatosensory temporal discrimination (1)
- somatosensory-evoked-potentials (1)
- sphingolipids (1)
- spinal muscular atrophy (1)
- spinal-cord (1)
- spinal-cord-injury (1)
- startle disease (1)
- stenosis (1)
- stent-retriever device (1)
- steroids (1)
- stiff-person syndrome (SPS) (1)
- stimulation (1)
- store-operated Ca2+ entry (1)
- stress (1)
- striatum (1)
- stroke care (1)
- stroke networks (1)
- stromal cells (1)
- study (1)
- subarachnoid hemorrhage (1)
- subcutaneous injection (1)
- substance-P (1)
- subthalamic nucleus (STN) (1)
- survey (1)
- swimming (1)
- switch (1)
- symptom control (1)
- symptom-specific treatment (1)
- synapse (1)
- synaptic plasticity (1)
- synaptic transmission (1)
- syndrome (1)
- system (1)
- systematic review (1)
- systems biology (1)
- systolic dysfunction (1)
- target considerations (1)
- task retention (1)
- telemedicine network (1)
- temporal discrimination threshold (1)
- teriflunomide (1)
- term follow-up (1)
- tetrahydroisoquinoline derivates (1)
- tetraparesis (1)
- thrombemboli (1)
- thromboemboli (1)
- thromboembolic clot model (1)
- thromboembolic stroke (1)
- thromboinflammation (1)
- thrombolysis (1)
- thrombus formation (1)
- tics (1)
- time (1)
- time perception (1)
- timing (1)
- tissue resident T cells (1)
- tissue-plasminogen activator (1)
- tool (1)
- topography (1)
- torsinA (1)
- transcranial direct current stimulation (1)
- transcranial magnetic simulation (TMS) (1)
- transgenic mouse model (1)
- transient middle cerebral artery (1)
- transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model (1)
- transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) (1)
- translation (1)
- translational research (1)
- translational stroke research (1)
- transmission electron microscopy (1)
- treatment options (1)
- treatment-induced neuropathy in diabetes (TIND) (1)
- treatment-resistant depression (1)
- trigeminal nerve (1)
- trigeminal neuropathy (1)
- troponin (1)
- tuberculous meningitis (1)
- tumor immunity (1)
- ultrasound imaging (1)
- under-dosing (1)
- up-regulation (1)
- upper limb (1)
- validation (1)
- variants of unknown significance (1)
- vascular dementia (1)
- vascular homeostasis (1)
- vascular permeability (1)
- vasculopathy (1)
- vertebrobasilar insufficiency (1)
- vertebrobasilar stroke (1)
- vertigo (1)
- vessel patency (1)
- vestibular (1)
- videooculography (1)
- virtual reality (1)
- visual activity (1)
- visual pathways (1)
- volume regulation (1)
- weight drop (1)
- white blood cells (1)
- white matter disease (1)
- white matter hyperintensities (1)
- white matter lesions (1)
- α-Galactosidase A (1)
- α-synuclein (1)
- α-synuclein-specific T cells (1)
- α‐GalA 3D‐structure (1)
- β-APP (1)
- “bulbar-onset” ALS (bALS) (1)
- “limb-onset” ALS (lALS) (1)
Institute
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (340) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Datenintegrationszentrum Würzburg (DIZ) (1)
- Interdisziplinäre Biomaterial- und Datenbank Würzburg (ibdw) (1)
- Interdisziplinäres Amyloidosezentrum Nordbayern (1)
- Klinische Studienzentrale (Universitätsklinikum) (1)
- Wurzburg Fabry Center for Interdisciplinary Therapy (FAZIT), Wurzburg, Germany (1)
- Würzburg Fabry Center for Interdisciplinary Therapy (FAZIT), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (1)
Skin cytokine expression in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome is not different from controls
(2014)
Background
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic pain syndrome of unknown etiology. There is increasing evidence for small nerve fiber impairment in a subgroup of patients with FMS. We investigated whether skin cytokine and delta opioid receptor (DOR) gene expression in FMS patients differs from controls as one potential contributor to small nerve fiber sensitization.
Methods
We investigated skin punch biopsies of 25 FMS patients, ten patients with monopolar depression but no pain, and 35 healthy controls. Biopsies were obtained from the lateral upper thigh and lower calf. Gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and normalizing data to 18sRNA as housekeeping gene. Additionally, we assessed DOR gene expression.
Results
All cytokines and DOR were detectable in skin samples of FMS patients, patients with depression, and healthy controls without intergroup difference. Also, gene expression was not different in skin of the upper and lower leg within and between the groups and in FMS patient subgroups.
Conclusions
Skin cytokine and DOR gene expression does not differ between patients with FMS and controls. Our results do not support a role of the investigated cytokines in sensitization of peripheral nerve fibers as a potential mechanism of small fiber pathology in FMS.
Introduction
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses constitute a group of fatal inherited lysosomal storage diseases that manifest in profound neurodegeneration in the CNS. Visual impairment usually is an early symptom and selective degeneration of retinal neurons has been described in patients suffering from distinct disease subtypes. We have previously demonstrated that palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 deficient (Ppt1-/-) mice, a model of the infantile disease subtype, exhibit progressive axonal degeneration in the optic nerve and loss of retinal ganglion cells, faithfully reflecting disease severity in the CNS. Here we performed spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in Ppt1-/- and ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal 3 deficient (Cln3-/-) mice, which are models of infantile and juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, respectively, in order to establish a non-invasive method to assess retinal alterations and monitor disease severity in vivo.
Results
Blue laser autofluorescence imaging revealed increased accumulation of autofluorescent storage material in the inner retinae of 7-month-old Ppt1-/- and of 16-month-old Cln3-/- mice in comparison with age-matched control littermates. Additionally, optical coherence tomography demonstrated reduced thickness of retinae in knockout mice in comparison with age-matched control littermates. High resolution scans and manual measurements allowed for separation of different retinal composite layers and revealed a thinning of layers in the inner retinae of both mouse models at distinct ages. OCT measurements correlated well with subsequent histological analysis of the same retinae.
Conclusions
These results demonstrate the feasibility of OCT to assess neurodegenerative disease severity in mouse models of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and might have important implications for diagnostic evaluation of disease progression and therapeutic efficacy in patients. Moreover, the non-invasive method allows for longitudinal studies in experimental models, reducing the number of animals used for research.
Background
The role of the immune system in the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke is increasingly recognized. However, targeted treatment strategies to modulate immunological pathways in stroke are still lacking. Glatiramer acetate is a multifaceted immunomodulator approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Experimental studies suggest that glatiramer acetate might also work in other neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases apart from multiple sclerosis.
Findings
We evaluated the efficacy of glatiramer acetate in a mouse model of brain ischemia/reperfusion injury. 60 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in male C57Bl/6 mice. Pretreatment with glatiramer acetate (3.5 mg/kg bodyweight) 30 min before the induction of stroke did not reduce lesion volumes or improve functional outcome on day 1.
Conclusions
Glatiramer acetate failed to protect from acute ischemic stroke in our hands. Further studies are needed to assess the true therapeutic potential of glatiramer acetate and related immunomodulators in brain ischemia.
Background
Human cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) has distinct histopathologic and imaging findings in its advanced stages. In spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP), a well-established animal model of CSVD, we recently demonstrated that cerebral microangiopathy is initiated by early microvascular dysfunction leading to the breakdown of the blood–brain barrier and an activated coagulatory state resulting in capillary and arteriolar erythrocyte accumulations (stases). In the present study, we investigated whether initial microvascular dysfunction and other stages of the pathologic CSVD cascade can be detected by serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Findings
Fourteen SHRSP and three control (Wistar) rats (aged 26–44 weeks) were investigated biweekly by 3.0 Tesla (3 T) MRI. After perfusion, brains were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and histology was correlated with MRI data. Three SHRSP developed terminal CSVD stages including cortical, hippocampal, and striatal infarcts and macrohemorrhages, which could be detected consistently by MRI. Corresponding histology showed small vessel thromboses and increased numbers of small perivascular bleeds in the infarcted areas. However, 3 T MRI failed to visualize intravascular erythrocyte accumulations, even in those brain regions with the highest densities of affected vessels and the largest vessels affected by stases, as well as failing to detect small perivascular bleeds.
Conclusion
Serial MRI at a field strength of 3 T failed to detect the initial microvascular dysfunction and subsequent small perivascular bleeds in SHRSP; only terminal stages of cerebral microangiopathy were reliably detected. Further investigations at higher magnetic field strengths (7 T) using blood- and flow-sensitive sequences are currently underway.
Background
Fabry disease is an inborn lysosomal storage disorder which is associated with small fiber neuropathy. We set out to investigate small fiber conduction in Fabry patients using pain-related evoked potentials (PREP).
Methods
In this case–control study we prospectively studied 76 consecutive Fabry patients for electrical small fiber conduction in correlation with small fiber function and morphology. Data were compared with healthy controls using non-parametric statistical tests. All patients underwent neurological examination and were investigated with pain and depression questionnaires. Small fiber function (quantitative sensory testing, QST), morphology (skin punch biopsy), and electrical conduction (PREP) were assessed and correlated. Patients were stratified for gender and disease severity as reflected by renal function.
Results
All Fabry patients (31 men, 45 women) had small fiber neuropathy. Men with Fabry disease showed impaired cold (p < 0.01) and warm perception (p < 0.05), while women did not differ from controls. Intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) was reduced at the lower leg (p < 0.001) and the back (p < 0.05) mainly of men with impaired renal function. When investigating A-delta fiber conduction with PREP, men but not women with Fabry disease had lower amplitudes upon stimulation at face (p < 0.01), hands (p < 0.05), and feet (p < 0.01) compared to controls. PREP amplitudes further decreased with advance in disease severity. PREP amplitudes and warm (p < 0.05) and cold detection thresholds (p < 0.01) at the feet correlated positively in male patients.
Conclusion
Small fiber conduction is impaired in men with Fabry disease and worsens with advanced disease severity. PREP are well-suited to measure A-delta fiber conduction.
Introduction
Sudden tetraparesis represents a neurological emergency and is most often caused by traumatic spinal cord injury, spinal epidural bleeding or brainstem ischemia and less frequently by medial disc herniation or spinal ischemia.
Case presentation
Here we report the rare case of an 82-year-old Caucasian man who developed severe tetraparesis four days after radical cystoprostatectomy. An emergency diagnostic study for spinal cord affection was normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute bilateral ischemic strokes in the precentral gyri as the underlying cause.
Conclusions
This case report underlines the need to also consider unusual causes of tetraparesis in an emergency situation apart from spinal cord or brain stem injury in order not to leave severe symptomatology unclear and possibly miss therapeutic options.
Background: Compensation of brain injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) may in part work through mechanisms involving neuronal plasticity on local and interregional scales. Mechanisms limiting excessive neuronal activity may have special significance for retention and (re-)acquisition of lost motor skills in brain injury. However, previous neurophysiological studies of plasticity in MS have investigated only excitability enhancing plasticity and results from neuroimaging are ambiguous. Thus, the aim of this study was to probe long-term depression-like central motor plasticity utilizing continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), a non-invasive brain stimulation protocol. Because cTBS also may trigger behavioral effects through local interference with neuronal circuits, this approach also permitted investigating the functional role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in force control in patients with MS. Methods: We used cTBS and force recordings to examine long-term depression-like central motor plasticity and behavioral consequences of a M1 lesion in 14 patients with stable mild-to-moderate MS (median EDSS 1.5, range 0 to 3.5) and 14 age-matched healthy controls. cTBS consisted of bursts (50 Hz) of three subthreshold biphasic magnetic stimuli repeated at 5 Hz for 40 s over the hand area of the left M1. Corticospinal excitability was probed via motor-evoked potentials (MEP) in the abductor pollicis brevis muscle over M1 before and after cTBS. Force production performance was assessed in an isometric right thumb abduction task by recording the number of hits into a predefined force window. Results: cTBS reduced MEP amplitudes in the contralateral abductor pollicis brevis muscle to a comparable extent in control subjects (69 ± 22% of baseline amplitude, p < 0.001) and in MS patients (69 ± 18%, p < 0.001). In contrast, postcTBS force production performance was only impaired in controls (2.2 ± 2.8, p = 0.011), but not in MS patients (2.0 ± 4.4, p = 0.108). The decline in force production performance following cTBS correlated with corticomuscular latencies (CML) in MS patients, but did not correlate with MEP amplitude reduction in patients or controls. Conclusions: Long-term depression-like plasticity remains largely intact in mild-to-moderate MS. Increasing brain injury may render the neuronal networks less responsive toward lesion-induction by cTBS.
Background If detected in time, delayed cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may be treated by balloon angioplasty or chemical vasospasmolysis in order to enhance cerebral blood flow (CBF) and protect the brain from ischemic damage. This study was conceived to compare the diagnostic accuracy of detailed neurological examination, Transcranial Doppler Sonography (TCD), and Perfusion-CT (PCT) to detect angiographic vasospasm. Methods The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of delayed ischemic neurological deterioration (DIND), pathological findings on PCT- maps, and accelerations of the mean flow velocity (MVF) were calculated. Results The accuracy of DIND to predict angiographic vasospasm was 0.88. An acceleration of MFV in TCD (>140 cm/s) had an accuracy of 0.64, positive PCT-findings of 0.69 with a higher sensitivity, and negative predictive value than TCD. Interpretation Neurological assessment at close intervals is the most sensitive and specific parameter for cerebral vasospasm. PCT has a higher accuracy, sensitivity and negative predictive value than TCD. If detailed neurological evaluation is possible, it should be the leading parameter in the management and treatment decisions. If patients are not amenable to detailed neurological examination, PCT at regular intervals is a helpful tool to diagnose secondary vasospasm after aneurysmal SAH.
Delayed cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious medical complication, characterized by constriction of cerebral arteries leading to varying degrees of cerebral ischemia. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have been performed in the last decades; however, the pathophysiologic mechanism of cerebral vasospasm after SAH still remains unclear. Among a variety of experimental SAH models, the double hemorrhage rat model involving direct injection of autologous arterial blood into the cisterna magna has been used most frequently for the study of delayed cerebral vasospasm following SAH in last years. Despite the simplicity of the technique, the second blood injection into the cisterna magna may result in brainstem injury leading to high mortality. Therefore, a modified double hemorrhage model of cisterna magna has been developed in rat recently. We describe here step by step the surgical technique to induce double SAH and compare the degree of vasospasm with other cisterna magna rat models using histological assessment of the diameter and cross-sectional area of the basilar artery
Background: Severe brain edema is observed in a number of patients suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Little is known about its pathogenesis and time-course in the first hours after SAH. This study was performed to investigate the development of brain edema and its correlation with brain perfusion after experimental SAH. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats, randomly assigned to one of six groups (n = 8), were subjected to SAH using the endovascular filament model or underwent a sham operation. Animals were sacrificed 15, 30, 60, 180 or 360 minutes after SAH. Intracranial pressure (ICP), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and bilateral local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) were continuously measured. Brain water content (BWC) was determined by the wet/dry-weight method. Results: After SAH, CPP and LCBF rapidly decreased. The decline of LCBF markedly exceeded the decline of CPP and persisted until the end of the observation period. BWC continuously increased. A significant correlation was observed between the BWC and the extent of the perfusion deficit in animals sacrificed after 180 and 360 minutes. Conclusions: The significant correlation with the perfusion deficit after SAH suggests that the development of brain edema is related to the extent of ischemia and acute vasoconstriction in the first hours after SAH.