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This thesis contributes to the field of silicon chemistry, with a special emphasis on the chemistry of penta- and hexacoordinate silicon.The spirocyclic zwitterionic Lambda5Si-silicates 1–6 with a (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinio)- methyl group and two identical bidentate chelate ligands derived from glycine, (S)-alanine, (S)-phenylalanine, (S)-valine, (S)-tert-leucine, or (S)-proline bound to the silicon(IV) coordination center were synthesized and structurally characterized for the first time.The hitherto unknown spirocyclic zwitterionic Lambda5Si-silicates 7–12 with an (ammonio)- methyl group and two identical bidentate chelate ligands derived from (S)-lactic acid, (S)-3- phenyllactic acid, or (S)-mandelic acid were synthesized and structurally characterized in the solid state (elemental analyses (C, H, N), crystal structure analyses, 15N and 29Si VACP/MAS solid-state NMR experiments) and in solution (except 10; 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR experiments)The spirocyclic zwitterionic Lambda5Si-silicates 13, 15, and 16 with an (ammonio)methyl group and two bidentate meso-oxolane-3,4-diolato(2–) ligands bound to the silicon(IV) coordination center were synthesized for the first time. The already existent compound 14 was resynthesized in order to perform a crystal structure analysis. All compounds were characterized by elemental analyses (C, H, N), 29Si VACP/MAS solid-state NMR experiments, and solution NMR studies (1H, 13C, 15N, and 29Si NMR experiments), and compounds 14–16 were additionally studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The already existent zwitterionic Lambda5Si-silicate 17 was synthesized by new methods, including a remarkable Si–C cleavage reaction with benzoin. To investigate the dynamic behavior of the known zwitterionic Lambda5Si-silicate 18 in solution, VT 1H NMR experiments in CD2Cl2 were performed in the temperature range –100 °C to 23 °C.The hexacoordinate silicon compounds 19–22 containing multidentate ligands derived from citric acid or (S)-malic acid were synthesized for the first time. The anionic Lambda6Si-silicates 19–22 were structurally characterized in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and VACP/MAS NMR spectroscopy (13C, 15N, 29Si). Upon dissolution in water at 20 °C, spontaneous hydrolysis of the Lambda6Si-silicate anions was observed.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Beiträge zur Chemie des höherkoordinierten Siliciums und Germaniums geleistet. Neben der Synthese zwitterionischer lambda-5-Si-Silicate sowie hexakoordinierter Silicium- und Germanium-Verbindungen mit SiO6- oder GeO6-Gerüst stellt die Synthese neutraler höherkoordinierter Silicium-Verbindungen ausgehend von Tetra(cyanato-N)silan und Tetra(thiocyanato-N)silan sowie deren umfassende Charakterisierung einen Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit dar.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über die Synthese, Struktur und katalytische Aktivität von borverbrückten Gruppe 4 Metallocenophanen berichtet, die als Katalysatoren in der Ziegler-Natta-artigen Olefinpolymerisation eingesetzt werden können. Neben den bereits bekannten [1]Borametallocenophanen wurden weitere Komplexe mit unterschiedlichen Substituenten, als auch die bislang unbekannten [2]Borametallocenophane synthetisiert und charakterisiert. Vergleichende Polymerisationsstudien einer Reihe von unterschiedlich substituierten [n]Borametallocenophanen (n = 1,2) wurden unter definierten Standardbedingungen durchgeführt, um einen möglichen Einfluss der am Boratom gebundenen Substituenten zu beobachten. Weitergehende Untersuchungen bezogen sich auf den Einfluss dieser Substituenten auf sterische und elektronische Einflüsse, die mit den Polymerisationsergebnissen korreliert wurden. Hierbei wurden die sterischen Einflüsse der verschiedenen Substituenten anhand der Kristallstrukturen festgemacht; elektronische Einflüsse sollten anhand von CO Schwingungen, die mittels Infrarotspektroskopie beobachtet werden können, von korrespondierenden Carbonylkomplexen und alternativ mittels 91Zr-NMR Spektroskopie untersucht werden.
Within the studies concerning metallo-silanols, halfsandwich-tungsten complexes have been silanol-functionalized at the cyclopentadienyl ligand. The stability and the condensation behavior have been investigated. Thus, it was shown that these complexes are stable enough for isolation but they are reactiv enough for time-effective condensation reactions with diverse chlorosilanes, chlorostannanes or metalhalogenides. These processes are characterized by an increased reactivity in contrast to metallo-silanols with a direct metal-bonded silanol group and proves that the separation of the silanol group has to be regarded as a successful manipulation. In addition, this modification allows a wide variation of the ligand sphere of the metal which was shown by H/Cl exchange, methylation, silylation or phosphine substitution. These changes evoke a small but significant influence on the silanol group. For example leads an introduced phosphine to an enhanced stability of the silanol function. A further separation of the silanol group from the metal by an additional alkylidene spacer leads to the complete lost of the stabilizing effect of the metal fragment and generates silanols which show a condensation behavior very similar to those of ordinary organosilanols.