Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (48)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (48)
Year of publication
- 2021 (48) (remove)
Document Type
- Journal article (48) (remove)
Keywords
- anxiety (4)
- virtual reality (4)
- children (3)
- motivation (3)
- perception and action (3)
- EEG (2)
- classical conditioning (2)
- complementary alternative medicine (2)
- depression (2)
- elevated plus-maze (2)
- emotions (2)
- eye movements (2)
- facial expression (2)
- fatigue (2)
- fear conditioning (2)
- ideomotor theory (2)
- multisensory processing (2)
- psychology (2)
- social cognition (2)
- text comprehension (2)
- ADHD (1)
- AYAs (1)
- Big Five (1)
- Bildungsausländer (1)
- CDH13 (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Covid19 (1)
- Deutsch als Fremdsprache (1)
- EEG frequency band analysis (1)
- EEG preprocessing (1)
- EEG processing (1)
- EPM (1)
- GVHD (1)
- Selbstregulation (1)
- Strategiewissen (1)
- Studienerfolg (1)
- Theory of Mind (1)
- Wuerzburg Grief Inventory (WGI) (1)
- Yoga (1)
- academic success (1)
- acrophobia (1)
- action (1)
- active self (1)
- agreeableness (1)
- ambiguous plaid 4 (1)
- anciety-like behavior (1)
- anxiety disorders (1)
- approach-avoidance (1)
- approach-avoidance conflict (1)
- asolescence (1)
- attention (1)
- attentional reweighting (1)
- attention‐deficit (1)
- auditory timer (1)
- averted gaze (1)
- behavior (1)
- big five (1)
- bistable perception (1)
- blink rate (1)
- body ownership (1)
- body representation (1)
- brain asymmetry (1)
- brain laterality (1)
- brain-computer interface (1)
- callous-unemotional traits (1)
- cancer patients (1)
- circuits (1)
- cognition (1)
- cognitive neuroscience (1)
- cognitive psychology (1)
- cognitive reappraisal (1)
- coherence (1)
- conduct problems (1)
- continuous norming (1)
- curve fitting (1)
- data smoothing (1)
- deictic reference (1)
- development (1)
- diary study (1)
- dictator game (1)
- direct gaze (1)
- discrimination training (1)
- disembodiment (1)
- distributed practice (1)
- electroencephalogram (1)
- electroencephalography (1)
- embodiment (1)
- emotion recognition (1)
- emotional influence (1)
- emotional state (1)
- empathy (1)
- event-related potentials-ERP (1)
- executive functions (1)
- experimental design (1)
- expertise in visual imagery (1)
- expository texts (1)
- exposure therapy (1)
- exteroception (1)
- eye-tracking (1)
- facial electromyography (1)
- fear (1)
- fear generalization (1)
- fear-relevant training (1)
- feedback (1)
- finger movements (1)
- foreign students (1)
- gait disorder (1)
- gaze discrimination (1)
- gaze processing (1)
- gender influence (1)
- generation effect (1)
- grief (1)
- guidelines & recommendations (1)
- haptic neglect (1)
- head-mounted display (1)
- heart rate (1)
- human behavior (1)
- hyperactivity disorder (1)
- inferential norming (1)
- intensified treatment (1)
- intentional binding (1)
- interoception (1)
- interpersonal relationships (1)
- large‐scale data (1)
- learning (1)
- learning from text (1)
- leisure time (1)
- long-term effects (1)
- marketing (1)
- masks (1)
- measures (1)
- mental disorders (1)
- mental rotation (1)
- mentalizing (1)
- metaanalysis (1)
- microsaccade direction (1)
- microsaccade rate (1)
- midline frontal theta band frequency activation (1)
- mind-body intervention (1)
- mind–body intervention (1)
- minimal self (1)
- minimum reporting standards (1)
- morning recovery (1)
- motor control (1)
- movement interaction (1)
- moving rubber-hand illusion (1)
- multimodal narratives (1)
- multiple sclerosis (1)
- narrative text (1)
- narrative texts (1)
- negative affect (1)
- neurodevelopment (1)
- object-oriented actions (1)
- ontogeny (1)
- open science (1)
- ostracism (1)
- owls (1)
- parietal alpha band frequency activation (1)
- passage comprehension (1)
- pen and paper vs. computer role-players (1)
- percentile estimation (1)
- perception (1)
- personality (1)
- personality faceaurus (1)
- physical functioning (1)
- piicture comprehension (1)
- pleasant anticipation (1)
- pointing gestures (1)
- pointing production and interpretation (1)
- psychological variables (1)
- public health (1)
- pupil diameter (1)
- pupil dilation (1)
- quality of live (1)
- randomized controlled trial (1)
- reactive aggression (1)
- reactive virtual agents (1)
- reading (1)
- reading comprehension (1)
- reading skills (1)
- reality (1)
- regression-based norming (1)
- rehabilitation (1)
- rejection (1)
- reminder e-mails (1)
- replication (1)
- retention interval (1)
- revenge (1)
- safety behavior (1)
- self-construction (1)
- self-regulation (1)
- sense of agency (1)
- sense of ownership (1)
- sensorimotor rhythm (1)
- sensory processing (1)
- social attention (1)
- social cognitive (1)
- social decision-making (1)
- social exclusion (1)
- social gaze (1)
- social interaction (1)
- social understanding (1)
- spacing effect (1)
- spatial navigation (1)
- spontaneous eye blink (1)
- strategic knowledge (1)
- stroke (1)
- structural MRI (1)
- suffering (1)
- survey (1)
- teacher assessments (1)
- temporal binding (1)
- temporal processing (1)
- thoughts of a planned leisure activity (1)
- threat (1)
- time since loss (1)
- trait anxiety (1)
- transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (1)
- translational neuroscience (1)
- trust game (1)
- type of death (1)
- ultimatum game (1)
- visual perception (1)
- visual system (1)
- vocal responses (1)
- word recognition (1)
- work engagement (1)
- working memory (1)
- yoga (1)
Institute
- Institut für Psychologie (48) (remove)
In human interactions, the facial expression of a bargaining partner may contain relevant information that affects prosocial decisions. We were interested in whether facial expressions of the recipient in the dictator game influence dictators´ ehavior. To test this, we conducted an online study (n = 106) based on a modified version of a dictator game. The dictators allocated money between themselves and another person (recipient), who had no possibility to respond to the dictator.
Importantly, before the allocation decision, the dictator was presented with the facial expression of the recipient (angry, disgusted, sad, smiling, or neutral). The results showed that dictators sent more money to recipients with sad or smiling facial expressions and less to recipients with angry or disgusted facial expressions compared with a neutral facial expression. Moreover, based on the sequential analysis of the decision and the interaction partner in the preceding trial, we found that decision-making depends upon previous interactions.
Empathy and Theory of Mind (ToM) are two core components of social understanding. The EmpaToM is a validated social video task that allows for independent manipulation and assessment of the two capacities. First applications revealed that empathy and ToM are dissociable constructs on a neuronal as well as on a behavioral level. As the EmpaToM has been designed for the assessment of social understanding in adults, it has a high degree of complexity and comprises topics that are inadequate for minors. For this reason, we designed a new version of the EmpaToM that is especially suited to measure empathy and ToM in youths. In experiment 1, we successfully validated the EmpaToM-Y on the original EmpaToM in an adult sample (N = 61), revealing a similar pattern of results across tasks and strong correlations of all constructs. As intended, the performance measure for ToM and the control condition of the EmpaToM-Y showed reduced difficulty. In experiment 2, we tested the feasibility of the EmpaToM-Y in a group of teenagers (N = 36). Results indicate a reliable empathy induction and higher demands of ToM questions for adolescents. We provide a promising task for future research targeting inter-individual variability of socio-cognitive and socio-affective capacities as well as their precursors and outcomes in healthy minors and clinical populations.
Background
The need to optimize exposure treatments for anxiety disorders may be addressed by temporally intensified exposure sessions. Effects on symptom reduction and public health benefits should be examined across different anxiety disorders with comorbid conditions.
Methods
This multicenter randomized controlled trial compared two variants of prediction error-based exposure therapy (PeEx) in various anxiety disorders (both 12 sessions + 2 booster sessions, 100 min/session): temporally intensified exposure (PeEx-I) with exposure sessions condensed to 2 weeks (n = 358) and standard nonintensified exposure (PeEx-S) with weekly exposure sessions (n = 368). Primary outcomes were anxiety symptoms (pre, post, and 6-months follow-up). Secondary outcomes were global severity (across sessions), quality of life, disability days, and comorbid depression.
Results
Both treatments resulted in substantial improvements at post (PeEx-I: d\(_{within}\) = 1.50, PeEx-S: d\(_{within}\) = 1.78) and follow-up (PeEx-I: d\(_{within}\) = 2.34; PeEx-S: d\(_{within}\) = 2.03). Both groups showed formally equivalent symptom reduction at post and follow-up. However, time until response during treatment was 32% shorter in PeEx-I (median = 68 days) than PeEx-S (108 days; TR\(_{PeEx-I}\)-I = 0.68). Interestingly, drop-out rates were lower during intensified exposure. PeEx-I was also superior in reducing disability days and improving quality of life at follow-up without increasing relapse.
Conclusions
Both treatment variants focusing on the transdiagnostic exposure-based violation of threat beliefs were effective in reducing symptom severity and disability in severe anxiety disorders. Temporally intensified exposure resulted in faster treatment response with substantial public health benefits and lower drop-out during the exposure phase, without higher relapse. Clinicians can expect better or at least comparable outcomes when delivering exposure in a temporally intensified manner.
In this article, we explain and demonstrate how to model norm scores with the cNORM package in R. This package is designed specifically to determine norm scores when the latent ability to be measured covaries with age or other explanatory variables such as grade level. The mathematical method used in this package draws on polynomial regression to model a three-dimensional hyperplane that smoothly and continuously captures the relation between raw scores, norm scores and the explanatory variable. By doing so, it overcomes the typical problems of classical norming methods, such as overly large age intervals, missing norm scores, large amounts of sampling error in the subsamples or huge requirements with regard to the sample size. After a brief introduction to the mathematics of the model, we describe the individual methods of the package. We close the article with a practical example using data from a real reading comprehension test.
It has been proposed that statistical integration of multisensory cues may be a suitable framework to explain temporal binding, that is, the finding that causally related events such as an action and its effect are perceived to be shifted towards each other in time. A multisensory approach to temporal binding construes actions and effects as individual sensory signals, which are each perceived with a specific temporal precision. When they are integrated into one multimodal event, like an action-effect chain, the extent to which they affect this event's perception depends on their relative reliability. We test whether this assumption holds true in a temporal binding task by manipulating certainty of actions and effects. Two experiments suggest that a relatively uncertain sensory signal in such action-effect sequences is shifted more towards its counterpart than a relatively certain one. This was especially pronounced for temporal binding of the action towards its effect but could also be shown for effect binding. Other conceptual approaches to temporal binding cannot easily explain these results, and the study therefore adds to the growing body of evidence endorsing a multisensory approach to temporal binding.
Does generation benefit learning for narrative and expository texts? A direct replication attempt
(2021)
Generated information is better recognized and recalled than information that is read. This so‐called generation effect has been replicated several times for different types of material, including texts. Perhaps the most influential demonstration was by McDaniel et al. (1986, Journal of Memory and Language, 25, 645–656; henceforth MEDC). This group tested whether the generation effect occurs only if the generation task stimulates cognitive processes not already stimulated by the text. Numerous studies, however, report difficulties replicating this text by generation‐task interaction, which suggests that the effect might only be found under conditions closer to the original method of MEDC. To test this assumption, we will closely replicate MEDC's Experiment 2 in German and English‐speaking samples. Replicating the effect would suggest that it can be reproduced, at least under limited conditions, which will provide the necessary foundation for future investigations into the boundary conditions of this effect, with an eye towards its utility in applied contexts.
Objective
To examine the efficacy of reminder e-mails to continue yoga therapy on practice frequency and fatigue in cancer patients and long-term effects of yoga on fatigue, depression, and quality of life.
Methology
One hundred two cancer patients who completed an 8-week yoga therapy were randomly allocated to two groups: reminder (N = 51) vs. no-reminder group (N = 51). After completing yoga therapy, the reminder group received weekly e-mails for 24 weeks, which reminded them of practicing yoga, whereas the no-reminder group did not. Primary outcomes were fatigue and practice frequency, and long-term outcomes were fatigue, depression, and quality of life. Data were assessed using questionnaires after yoga therapy (T1) and 6 months after completing yoga therapy (T2).
Result
A significantly stronger reduction of general (p = 0.038, d = 0.42) and emotional fatigue (p = 0.004, d = 0.59) and a higher increase of practice frequency (p = 0.015, d = 0.52) between T1 and T2 were found for the reminder group compared to the no-reminder group. In the mediation model, practice frequency as a mediator partially explained the changes in emotional fatigue (indirect effect B = - 0.10). Long-term effects of yoga therapy regarding fatigue, depression, and quality of life were found (F > 7.46, p < 0.001, d > 0.54).
Conclusion
Weekly reminder e-mails after yoga therapy can positively affect general and emotional fatigue and help cancer patients with fatigue establish a regular yoga practice at home. However, higher practice frequency did not lead to higher physical or cognitive fatigue improvement, suggesting other factors that mediate efficacy on physical or cognitive fatigue, such as mindfulness or side effects of therapy.
The suffering of an opponent is an important social affective cue that modulates how aggressive interactions progress. To investigate the affective consequences of opponent suffering on a revenge seeking individual, two experiments (total N = 82) recorded facial muscle activity while participants observed the reaction of a provoking opponent to a (retaliatory) sound punishment in a laboratory aggression task. Opponents reacted via prerecorded videos either with facial displays of pain, sadness, or neutrality. Results indicate that participants enjoyed seeing the provocateur suffer: indexed by a coordinated muscle response featuring an increase in zygomaticus major (and orbicularis oculi muscle) activation accompanied by a decrease in corrugator supercilii activation. This positive facial reaction was only shown while a provoking opponent expressed pain. Expressions of sadness, and administration of sound blasts to nonprovoking opponents, did not modulate facial activity. Overall, the results suggest that revenge-seeking individuals enjoy observing the offender suffer, which could represent schadenfreude or satisfaction of having succeeded in the retaliation goal.
Anxiety patients over-generalize fear, possibly because of an incapacity to discriminate threat and safety signals. Discrimination trainings are promising approaches for reducing such fear over-generalization. Here we investigated the efficacy of a fear-relevant vs. a fear-irrelevant discrimination training on fear generalization and whether the effects are increased with feedback during training. Eighty participants underwent two fear acquisition blocks, during which one face (conditioned stimulus, CS+), but not another face (CS−), was associated with a female scream (unconditioned stimulus, US). During two generalization blocks, both CSs plus four morphs (generalization stimuli, GS1–GS4) were presented. Between these generalization blocks, half of the participants underwent a fear-relevant discrimination training (discrimination between CS+ and the other faces) with or without feedback and the other half a fear-irrelevant discrimination training (discrimination between the width of lines) with or without feedback. US expectancy, arousal, valence ratings, and skin conductance responses (SCR) indicated successful fear acquisition. Importantly, fear-relevant vs. fear-irrelevant discrimination trainings and feedback vs. no feedback reduced generalization as reflected in US expectancy ratings independently from one another. No effects of training condition were found for arousal and valence ratings or SCR. In summary, this is a first indication that fear-relevant discrimination training and feedback can improve the discrimination between threat and safety signals in healthy individuals, at least for learning-related evaluations, but not evaluations of valence or (physiological) arousal.
While decades of research have investigated and technically improved brain–computer interface (BCI)-controlled applications, relatively little is known about the psychological aspects of brain–computer interfacing. In 35 healthy students, we investigated whether extrinsic motivation manipulated via monetary reward and emotional state manipulated via video and music would influence behavioral and psychophysiological measures of performance with a sensorimotor rhythm (SMR)-based BCI. We found increased task-related brain activity in extrinsically motivated (rewarded) as compared with nonmotivated participants but no clear effect of emotional state manipulation. Our experiment investigated the short-term effect of motivation and emotion manipulation in a group of young healthy subjects, and thus, the significance for patients in the locked-in state, who may be in need of a BCI, remains to be investigated.