Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (32)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (32)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (26)
- Doctoral Thesis (6)
Language
- English (32) (remove)
Keywords
- in vitro (32) (remove)
Institute
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (6)
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin (5)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie (ab 2004) (4)
- Abteilung für Funktionswerkstoffe der Medizin und der Zahnheilkunde (2)
- Graduate School of Life Sciences (2)
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie (2)
- Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie (2)
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie (2)
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften (2)
- Kinderklinik und Poliklinik (2)
EU-Project number / Contract (GA) number
- 241778 (1)
- HEALTH-F2-2009-241778 (1)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a human-specific pathogen that causes gonorrhea, the second most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Disease progression, drug discovery, and basic host-pathogen interactions are studied using different approaches, which rely on models ranging from 2D cell culture to complex 3D tissues and animals. In this review, we discuss the models used in N. gonorrhoeae research. We address both in vivo (animal) and in vitro cell culture models, discussing the pros and cons of each and outlining the recent advancements in the field of three-dimensional tissue models. From simple 2D monoculture to complex advanced 3D tissue models, we provide an overview of the relevant methodology and its application. Finally, we discuss future directions in the exciting field of 3D tissue models and how they can be applied for studying the interaction of N. gonorrhoeae with host cells under conditions closely resembling those found at the native sites of infection.
Intracranial hemorrhage results in devastating forms of cerebral damage. Frequently, these results also present with cardiac dysfunction ranging from ECG changes to Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). This suggests that intracranial bleeding due to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) disrupts the neuro–cardiac axis leading to neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy (NSC) of different degrees. Following this notion, SAH and secondary TTS could be directly linked, thus contributing to poor outcomes. We set out to test if blood circulation is the driver of the brain–heart axis by investigating serum samples of TTS patients. We present a novel in vitro model combining SAH and secondary TTS to mimic the effects of blood or serum, respectively, on blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity using in vitro monolayers of an established murine model. We consistently demonstrated decreased monolayer integrity and confirmed reduced Claudin-5 and Occludin levels by RT-qPCR and Western blot and morphological reorganization of actin filaments in endothelial cells. Both tight junction proteins show a time-dependent reduction. Our findings highlight a faster and more prominent disintegration of BBB in the presence of TTS and support the importance of the bloodstream as a causal link between intracerebral bleeding and cardiac dysfunction. This may represent potential targets for future therapeutic inventions in SAH and TTS.