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In Fortführung der bisher in dieser Forschungsgruppe durchgeführten Studien mit (2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl)silanen wurden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit weitere Untersuchungen zu den Schutzgruppen-Eigenschaften der Si-(2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl)-Gruppe angestellt und anschließend die hierbei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse verwendet, um Sila-Analoga bereits bekannter biologisch aktiver Verbindungen über neue Synthesewege mit (2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl)silanen darzustellen. Des Weiteren wurden im Rahmen der Untersuchungen zur C/Si-Bioisosterie die pharmakologischen Eigenschaften dieser bereits auf anderem Weg synthetisierten Wirkstoffe in Kooperation mit anderen Forschungsgruppen vervollständigt. Darüber hinaus wurden auch die Arbeiten zum Thema „(2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl)silane als Silylierungsreagenzien für O-Nucleophile“ weitergeführt.
Die Synthese der (2-Aminoethyl)cycloalkylphenylsilanole Sb (Sila-Trihexyphenidyl), 6b (SilaCycrimin), 7 b (Sila-Procyclidin) und Sb wird beschrieben. Sb- Sb wurden - ausgehend von Cl\(_2\)(C\(_6\)H\(_5\))SiCH = CH\(_2\) (9) - durch eine fünfstufige Reaktionsfolge mit einer Gesamtausbeute von 32- 40% erhalten. Am isolierten Ileum des Meerschweinchens wurden die C/Si-Paare Sa, b- 8a, b vergleichend auf ihre antimuskarinische Aktivität geprüft. Die durch die Sila-Substilution von Sa-8a erreichte Zunahme der Affinität zum Muskarinrezeptor ist deutlich weniger ausgeprägt als bei den strukturverwandten C/Si-Paaren I a, b- 4a, b.
(Acetoxymethyl)methylphenylgerman: Synthese, thermisches Verhalten und olfaktorische Eigenschaften
(1991)
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
(I\(_2\)GaS-i-C\(_3\)H\(_7\))\(_2\), das erste butterfly-Molekül mit vierfach koordiniertem Gallium
(1985)
No abstract available
Die erstmalige Synthese der (Thioacetoxy-S-methyl)diorganylsilane (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)Si(H)CH\(_2\)SC(O)CH\(_3\) (9) und (C\(_6\)H\(_5\))\(_2\)Si(H)CH\(_2\)SC(O)CH\(_3\) (10) und der (Mercaptomethyl) diorganylsilane (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)Si(H)CH\(_2\)SH (11) und (C\(_6\)H\(_5\))\(_2\)Si(H)CH\(_2\)SH (12) wird beschrieben. Während sich die Silane 9 und 10 leicht handhaben lassen, neigen die strukturanalogen (Hydroxymethyl)diorganylsilane (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)Si(H)CH\(_2\)OH (1) und (C\(_6\)H\(_5\))\(_2\)Si(H)CH\(_2\)OH (2) zu einer basenkatalysierten Zersetzung (Bildung oligomerer (polymerer) Alkoxysilane und Wasserstoff). Im Gegensatz zu den thermisch labilen (Acetoxymethyl)diorganylsilanen (CH\(_3\))\(_2\)Si(H)CH\(_2\)OC(O)CH\(_3\) (3) und (C\(_6\)H\(_5\))\(_2\)Si(H)CH\(_2\)OC(O)CH\(_3\) (4) (--+ Umlagerung zu den entsprechenden Acetoxy(methyl) diorganylsilanen (CH\(_3\)) \(_3\)SiOC(O)CH\(_3\) (5) und CH\(_3\)(C\(_6\)H\(_5\))\(_2\)SiOC(O)CH\(_3\) {6)) sind die Thio-Analoga 9 und 10 thermisch stabil (I-molare Lösungen in C\(_6\)D\(_6\), 30 h bei 180 o C).
The isolation and structure elucidation of rac-dioncophyllacine A from the leaves of Triphyophyllun peltatum, is described. Unlike all other naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, this fully dehydrogenated representative has an additional methoxy group at C-4, the position of which is deduced from NOE results. Dioncophyllacine A has a 7,1' site of the biaryl axis, as in dioncophylline A. Its constitution is confirmed by an X-ray structure analysis, which shows that the crystalline form of this new alkaloid is racemic.
In the molecular structure of the title compound, C34H58B2N2, each B atom of the diborane(4) is connected to one dimethylamino group and one Tip ligand (Tip = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl). These findings indicate that the increased steric demand of the Tip groups exerts influence solely on the B—B separation but not on the overall geometry of the title compound.
The 1,3-bis(tricyanoborane)imidazolate anion 1 was obtained in high yield from lithium imidazolate and B(CN)\(_3\)−pyridine adduct. Anion 1 is chemically very robust and thus allowed the isolation of the corresponding H\(_5\)O\(_2\)\(^+\) salt. Furthermore, monoanion 1 served as starting species for the novel dianionic N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), 1,3-bis(tricyanoborane)imidazoline-2-ylidenate anion 3 that acts as ditopic ligand via the carbene center and the cyano groups at boron. First reactions of this new NHC 3 with methyl iodide, elemental selenium, and [Ni(CO)\(_4\)] led to the methylated imidazolate ion 4, the dianionic selenium adduct 5, and the dianionic nickel tricarbonyl complex 6. These NHC derivatives provide a first insight into the electronic and steric properties of the dianionic NHC 3. Especially the combination of properties, such as double negative charge, different coordination sites, large buried volume and good σ-donor and π-acceptor ability, make NHC 3 a unique and promising ligand and building block.
Chapter 1
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials provide a strategy to improve external quantum efficiencies of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Because of spin-statistics, 25% singlet and 75% triplet excitons are generated in an electronic device. Conventional organic emitters cannot harvest the triplet excitons, due to low spin orbit coupling, and exhibit low external quantum efficiencies. TADF materials have to be designed in such a way, that the energy gap between the lowest singlet and triplet states (ΔES-T) is sufficiently small to allow reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) in organic systems. An established structure property relationship for the generation of TADF materials is the spatial separation of HOMO and LUMO via an orthogonal arrangement of donor and acceptor in donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) compounds. This is achieved by increasing the steric bulk of the π-bridge. However, this is not always the most efficient method and electronic parameters have to be considered. In a combined experimental and theoretical study, a computational protocol to predict the excited states in D-π-A compounds containing the B(FXyl)2 (FXyl = 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) acceptor group for the design of new TADF emitters is presented. To this end, the effect of different donor and π-bridge moieties on the energy gaps between local and charge-transfer singlet and triplet states was examined. To prove the computationally aided design concept, the D-π-B(FXyl)2 compounds Cbz-π (1), Cbz-Meπ (2), Phox-Meπ (3), Phox-MeOπ (4), and MeO₃Ph-FMeπ (5) were synthesized and fully characterized. The photophysical properties of these compounds in various solvents, polymeric film and in a frozen matrix were investigated in detail and show excellent agreement with the computationally obtained data (Figure 5.1). A simple structure-property relationship based on the molecular fragment orbitals of the donor and the π-bridge which minimize the relevant singlet-triplet gaps to achieve efficient TADF emitters is presented.
Chapter 2
Three-coordinate boron is widely used as an acceptor in conjugated materials. In recent years the employment of trifluoromethylated aryls was shown to improve the acceptor properties of such boranes. Astonishingly, the use of ortho-trifluoromethylated aryls in boron containing systems also improves the stability of those systems in regard to their inherent reactivity towards nucleophiles. Borafluorenes are stronger acceptors than their non-annulated triarylborane derivatives. In previous studies, the effect of trifluoromethylated aryls as the exo-aryl moieties in borafluorenes, as well as the effect of fluorination on the backbone, were examined. As the latter suffers from a very low stability, systems using trifluoromethyl groups, both on the exo-aryl as well as the borafluorene backbone were designed in order to maximize both the stability as well as the acceptor strength.
Three different perfluoroalkylated borafluorenes were prepared and their electronic and photophysical properties were investigated. The systems have four trifluoromethyl moieties on the borafluorene moiety as well as two trifluoromethyl groups at the ortho positions of their exo-aryl moieties. They differ with regard to the para-substituents on their exo-aryl moieties, being a proton (FXylFBf), a trifluoromethyl group (FMesFBf) or a dimethylamino group (p NMe2-FXylFBf), respectively. Furthermore, an acetonitrile adduct of FMesFBf was obtained and characterized. All derivatives exhibit extraordinarily low reduction potentials, comparable to those of perylenediimides. The most electron deficient derivative FMesFBf was also chemically reduced and its radical anion isolated and characterized. Furthermore, the photophysical properties of all compounds were investigated. All compounds exhibit weakly allowed lowest energy absorptions and very long fluorescent lifetimes of ca. 250 ns up to 1.6 μs; however, the underlying mechanisms differ. The donor substituted derivative p-NMe2-FXylFBf exhibits thermally activated delayed fluorescence from a charge transfer (CT) state, while the FMesFBf and FXylFBf borafluorenes exhibit only weakly allowed locally excited (LE) transitions due to their symmetry and low transition dipole moments, as suggested by DFT and TD-DFT calculations.
Chapter 3
Conjugated dendrimers find wide application in various fields, such as charge transport/storage or emitter materials in organic solar cells or OLEDs. Previous studies on boron containing conjugated dendrimers are scarce and mostly employ a convergent synthesis approach, lacking a simple, generally applicable synthetic access. A new divergent approach was designed and conjugated triarylborane dendrimers were synthesized up to the 2nd generation. The synthetic strategy consists of three steps:
1) functionalization, via iridium catalyzed C–H borylation;
2) activation, via fluorination of the generated boronate ester with K[HF2] or [N(nBu)4][HF2]; and
3) expansion, via reaction of the trifluoroborate salts with aryl Grignard reagents.
The concept was also shown to be viable for a convergent approach. All but one of the conjugated borane dendrimers exhibit multiple, distinct and reversible reduction potentials, making them potentially interesting materials for applications in molecular accumulators (Figure 5.7).
Based on their photophysical properties, the 1st generation dendrimers exhibit good conjugation over the whole system. The conjugation does not further increase upon expansion to the 2nd generation, but the molar extinction coefficients increase linearly with the number of triarylborane sub-units, suggesting a potential application as photonic antennas.
Chapter 4
A surprisingly high electronically-driven regioselectivity for the iridium-catalyzed C–H borylation using [Ir(COD)OMe]2 (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) as the precatalytic species, bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) as the boron source and 4,4’-ditertbutyl-2,2’-bipyridin (dtbpy) as the ligand of D-π-A systems with diphenylamino (1) or carbazolyl (2) moieties as the donor, bis(2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boryl (B(FXyl)2) as the acceptor, and 1,4-phenylene as the π-bridge was observed. Under these conditions, borylation was observed only at the sterically least encumbered para-positions of the acceptor groups. As boronate esters are versatile building blocks for organic synthesis (C–C coupling, functional group transformations), the C–H borylation represents a simple potential method for post-functionalization by which electronic or other properties of D-π-A systems can be fine-tuned for specific applications. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the borylated (1-(Bpin)2) and unborylated (1) diphenylamino-substituted D-π-A systems were investigated. Interestingly, the borylated derivative exhibits coordination of THF to the boronate ester moieties, influencing the photophysical properties and exemplifying the non-innocence of boronate esters.