Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (6)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (6)
Document Type
- Journal article (5)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Keywords
- COVID-19 (2)
- ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) (1)
- Colloids (1)
- Crystalloids (1)
- Desfluran (1)
- Germany (1)
- HES (1)
- Medizin (1)
- Microcirculation (1)
- Myokardprotektion (1)
Institute
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie (ab 2004) (6)
- Frauenklinik und Poliklinik (1)
- Institut für Experimentelle Biomedizin (1)
- Institut für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie (1)
- Institut für Klinische Epidemiologie und Biometrie (1)
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie (1)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (1)
Background
The viral load and tissue distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remain important questions. The current study investigated SARS-CoV-2 viral load, biodistribution and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody formation in patients suffering from severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Methods
This is a retrospective single-center study in 23 patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS. Data were collected within routine intensive care. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was assessed via reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Overall, 478 virology samples were taken. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike-receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody detection of blood samples was performed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Most patients (91%) suffered from severe ARDS during ICU treatment with a 30-day mortality of 30%. None of the patients received antiviral treatment. Tracheal aspirates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 100% of the cases, oropharyngeal swabs only in 77%. Blood samples were positive in 26% of the patients. No difference of viral load was found in tracheal or blood samples with regard to 30-day survival or disease severity. SARS-CoV-2 was never found in dialysate. Serologic testing revealed significantly lower concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing IgM and IgA antibodies in survivors compared to non-survivors (p = 0.009).
Conclusions
COVID-19 induced ARDS is accompanied by a high viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in tracheal aspirates, which remained detectable in the majority throughout intensive care treatment. Remarkably, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was never detected in dialysate even in patients with RNAemia. Viral load or the buildup of neutralizing antibodies was not associated with 30-day survival or disease severity.
The volatile anesthetic desflurane (DES) effectively reduces cardiac infarct size following experimental ischemia/reperfusion injury in the mouse heart. We hypothesized that endogenous estrogens play a role as mediators of desflurane-induced preconditioning against myocardial infarction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that desflurane effects local estrogen synthesis by modulating enzyme aromatase expression and activity in the mouse heart. Aromatase metabolizes testosterone to 17b- estradiol (E2) and thereby significantly contributes to local estrogen synthesis. We tested aromatase effects in acute myocardial infarction model in male mice. The animals were randomized and subjected to four groups which were pre-treated with the selective aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (A group) and DES alone (DES group) or in combination (A+DES group) for 15 minutes prior to surgical intervention whereas the control group received 0.9% NaCl (CON group). All animals were subjected to 45 minutes ischemia following 180 minutes reperfusion. Anastrozole blocked DES induced preconditioning and increased infarct size compared to DES alone (37.94615.5% vs. 17.163.62%) without affecting area at risk and systemic hemodynamic parameters following ischemia/reperfusion. Protein localization studies revealed that aromatase was abundant in the murine cardiovascular system with the highest expression levels in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Desflurane application at pharmacological concentrations efficiently upregulated aromatase expression in vivo and in vitro. We conclude that desflurane efficiently regulates aromatase expression and activity which might lead to increased local estrogen synthesis and thus preserve cellular integrity and reduce cardiac damage in an acute myocardial infarction model.
Background: Septic acute liver and intestinal failure is associated with a high mortality. We therefore investigated the influence of volume resuscitation with different crystalloid or colloid solutions on liver and intestine injury and microcirculation in septic rodents. Methods: Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in 77 male rats. Animals were treated with different crystalloids (NaCl 0.9% (NaCl), Ringer’s acetate (RA)) or colloids (Gelafundin 4% (Gel), 6% HES 130/0.4 (HES)). After 24 h animals were re-anesthetized and intestinal (n = 6/group) and liver microcirculation (n = 6/group) were obtained using intravital microscopy, as well as macrohemodynamic parameters were measured. Blood assays and organs were harvested to determine organ function and injury. Results: HES improved liver microcirculation, cardiac index and DO2-I, but significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels and resulted in a mortality rate of 33%. Gel infused animals revealed significant reduction of liver and intestine microcirculation with severe side effects on coagulation (significantly increased PTT and INR, decreased haemoglobin and platelet count). Furthermore Gel showed severe hypoglycemia, acidosis and significantly increased ALT and IL-6 with a lethality of 29%. RA exhibited no derangements in liver microcirculation when compared to sham and HES. RA showed no intestinal microcirculation disturbance compared to sham, but significantly improved the number of intestinal capillaries with flow compared to HES. All RA treated animals survided and showed no severe side effects on coagulation, liver, macrohemodynamic or metabolic state. Conclusions: Gelatine 4% revealed devastated hepatic and intestinal microcirculation and severe side effects in CLP induced septic rats, whereas the balanced crystalloid solution showed stabilization of macro- and microhemodynamics with improved survival. HES improved liver microcirculation, but exhibited significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Crystalloid infusion revealed best results in mortality and microcirculation, when compared with colloid infusion.
Das Phänomen der ischämischen Präkonditionierung beschreibt einen endogenen Schutzmechanismus, der in einer erhöhten Toleranz des Gewebes gegenüber ischämischen Episoden resultiert. Volatile Anästhetika sind in der Lage, diesen Mechanismus zu aktivieren und somit betroffene Gewebe zu präkonditionieren. Die ischämische Präkonditionierung zeigt an Kaninchen ein biphasisches Verlaufsmuster, bestehend aus einem frühen ersten Fenster sowie einem späten zweiten Fenster der Präkonditionierung. Beide Fenster sind durch eine Phase ohne kardioprotektiven Effekt getrennt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, für das volatile Anästhetikum Desfluran ebenfalls dieses biphasische Zeitmuster nachzuweisen sowie die Rolle von Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) in diesem Prozess zu charakterisieren. Wir führten unsere Untersuchungen in einem in vivo-Herzinfarktmodell an Kaninchen durch. Wir konnten zeigen, dass Desfluran ein erstes Fenster der Präkonditionierung induziert, welches bis zu zwei Stunden nach Abflutung des volatilen Agens nachweisbar ist. Weiterhin induzierte Desfluran ein zweites Fenster der Präkonditionierung, dessen kardioprotektiver Effekt nach 24 Stunden einsetzt und bis zu 72 Stunden nach Applikation des Anästhetikums nachweisbar ist. Erstes und zweites Fenster der Präkonditionierung waren durch eine Episode ohne nachweisbaren kardioprotektiven Effekt getrennt. 96 Stunden nach Abflutung des Anästhetikums war keine präkonditionierende Wirkung mehr nachweisbar. Um die Rolle von NO beim zweiten Fenster der Desfluran-induzierten Präkonditionierung zu untersuchen, verabreichten wir den NO-Synthase-Blocker L-omega-Nitro-Arginin (LNA) vor der Koronararterienokklusion. Anhand unserer Ergebnisse konnten wir nachweisen, dass die Desfluran-induzierte Präkonditionierung des Kaninchenmyokards ein der ischämischen Präkonditionierung ähnliches charakteristisches biphasisches Verlaufsmuster aufweist und das endogen synthetisiertes NO als Mediator des zweiten Fensters der Desfluran-induzierten Präkonditionierung wirkt.