Refine
Year of publication
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (203)
- Journal article (156)
- Other (1)
- Report (1)
Keywords
- Ackerschmalwand (39)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (28)
- Abscisinsäure (14)
- Pflanzen (12)
- Arabidopsis (10)
- Mais (10)
- Schließzelle (10)
- Kutikula (9)
- Pseudomonas syringae (9)
- Schmalwand <Arabidopsis> (9)
- Signaltransduktion (9)
- Calcium (8)
- Oxylipine (8)
- Wurzel (8)
- gene expression (8)
- Genexpression (7)
- Jasmonate (7)
- Kaliumkanal (7)
- Tabak (7)
- optogenetics (7)
- ABA (6)
- Bakterien (6)
- Biologie (6)
- Elektrophysiologie (6)
- Gerste (6)
- Meeresschwämme (6)
- Molekularbiologie (6)
- Tomate (6)
- Vakuole (6)
- actinomycetes (6)
- arabidopsis thaliana (6)
- guard cell (6)
- stomata (6)
- Abwehrreaktion (5)
- Anionentranslokator (5)
- Ionenkanal (5)
- Jasmonsäure (5)
- Knochen-Morphogenese-Proteine (5)
- Optogenetics (5)
- Phytoprostane (5)
- ROS (5)
- SLAC1 (5)
- Spaltöffnung (5)
- Transkriptionsfaktor (5)
- Venusfliegenfalle (5)
- guard cells (5)
- jasmonates (5)
- marine sponges (5)
- membrane potential (5)
- metabolomics (5)
- salt stress (5)
- sponges (5)
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens (4)
- Aquaporin (4)
- Dionaea muscipula (4)
- Drosophila melanogaster (4)
- Genregulation (4)
- Glatter Krallenfrosch (4)
- Invertase (4)
- Kutikularwachs (4)
- Nitratreduktase (4)
- Optogenetik (4)
- Plasmamembran (4)
- Saccharose (4)
- Salzstress (4)
- SnRK1 (4)
- Stofftransport <Biologie> (4)
- Zea mays (4)
- abscisic acid (4)
- calcium (4)
- marine sponge (4)
- phytoprostanes (4)
- plant cuticle (4)
- potassium (4)
- signal transduction (4)
- tomato (4)
- wax (4)
- Abwehr (3)
- Adjuvans (3)
- Anionenkanal (3)
- Antikörper (3)
- BMP (3)
- Bacteria (3)
- Channelrhodopsin-2 (3)
- Chemische Ökologie (3)
- Cyanobacteria (3)
- Inhibitor (3)
- Lycopersicon esculentum (3)
- Membranpotential (3)
- Mensch (3)
- Mesophyll (3)
- Nicotiana tabacum (3)
- OST1 (3)
- Oxidativer Stress (3)
- Pappel (3)
- Pflanzenfressende Insekten (3)
- Pseudomonas (3)
- Regulation (3)
- Resistenz (3)
- Rezeptor (3)
- Schließzellen (3)
- Schwämme (3)
- Sekundärmetabolit (3)
- Stickstoffmonoxid (3)
- Stomata (3)
- Stress (3)
- Suberin (3)
- Symbiose (3)
- TRAF2 (3)
- TWEAK (3)
- Taufliege (3)
- Transforming Growth Factor (3)
- Trockenstress (3)
- Wachs (3)
- abiotic stress (3)
- anion channel (3)
- aquaporin (3)
- bZIP (3)
- biology (3)
- crystal structure (3)
- detoxification (3)
- jasmonic acid (3)
- photosynthesis (3)
- plants (3)
- pollen tube (3)
- protein purification (3)
- salt (3)
- secondary metabolites (3)
- sequence motif analysis (3)
- sodium (3)
- streptomyces (3)
- stress (3)
- sucrose (3)
- transcription factors (3)
- ALMT (2)
- Abscisic Acid (2)
- Abscisic acid (2)
- Ackerbohne (2)
- Actinomyceten (2)
- Actinomycetes (2)
- Adjuvant (2)
- Agrobacterium (2)
- Aldehyde (2)
- Apoplast (2)
- Apoptosis (2)
- Aquaporine (2)
- AtSUC4 (2)
- Biomembran (2)
- Blumeria graminis (2)
- Botanik (2)
- ChR2 (2)
- Channelrhodopsin (2)
- Cuticle (2)
- Cuticular waxes (2)
- DNA methylation (2)
- Endodermis (2)
- Epichloë (2)
- Epiphyten (2)
- Erysiphe graminis (2)
- Flavonoide (2)
- Fluoreszenzmikroskopie (2)
- Glucosetransport (2)
- Glucosinolate (2)
- Hitzestress (2)
- Induzierte Resistenz (2)
- Insekten (2)
- Interaktion (2)
- Isoprostane (2)
- Jasmonatbiosynthese (2)
- Jasmonates (2)
- K+ channels (2)
- Kalium (2)
- Licht (2)
- Lipid-Carrier-Proteine (2)
- Lipidstoffwechsel (2)
- Lipoxygenase (2)
- Lipoxygenase 6 (2)
- Lolium perenne (2)
- Lyme-Borreliose (2)
- Mehltau (2)
- Membrandomänen (2)
- Membranpotenzial (2)
- Membranproteine (2)
- Membrantransport (2)
- Metabolomics (2)
- Metagenom (2)
- Metagenomics (2)
- Microarray (2)
- NMR (2)
- NRPS (2)
- Nitrate Reductase (2)
- Oozyte (2)
- PAC (2)
- Patch-Clamp-Methode (2)
- Pathogens (2)
- Permeation (2)
- Pflanzenhormon (2)
- Pflanzenschutzmittel (2)
- Pflanzenwachstum (2)
- Pharmakokinetik (2)
- Phoenix dactylifera (2)
- Phyllosphäre (2)
- Phytohormone (2)
- Plant Protection (2)
- Plant cuticle (2)
- Pollen (2)
- Pollenschlauch (2)
- Porifera (2)
- Porin (2)
- Prostaglandin-ähnliche Verbindungen in Pflanzen (2)
- Prostaglandine (2)
- Proteinreinigung (2)
- Protonenpumpe (2)
- Protoplast (2)
- RES-Oxylipine (2)
- RS1 (2)
- Rhodopsin (2)
- Rizinus (2)
- SLAC/SLAH (2)
- Samenpflanzen (2)
- Schwamm (2)
- Sojabohne (2)
- Solanum lycopersicum (2)
- Sphingolipide (2)
- Sphingolipids (2)
- Sponges (2)
- Stomaschluss (2)
- Strahlenpilze (2)
- Streptomyces (2)
- Streptomyces axinellae (2)
- Stressreaktion (2)
- Symport (2)
- Transpiration <Pflanzen> (2)
- Transport (2)
- Ulcerative colitis (2)
- Wasserhaushalt (2)
- Wassertransport (2)
- Wurzelhalsgalle (2)
- Xylem (2)
- Zellkultur (2)
- ZmSUT1 (2)
- abscisic acid (ABA) (2)
- action potential (2)
- active ingredients (2)
- agrobacterium tumefaciens (2)
- alkaloids (2)
- anti-infective (2)
- anti-parasitic (2)
- anti-protease (2)
- anti-trypanosomal (2)
- apoptosis (2)
- aquaporins (2)
- atopic diseases (2)
- auxins (2)
- barley (2)
- bioactivity (2)
- biosynthesis (2)
- cAMP (2)
- cancer (2)
- chemical ecology (2)
- circadian rhythms (2)
- coreceptor (2)
- corn (2)
- cuticle (2)
- cysteine protease (2)
- cytotoxic (2)
- dereplication (2)
- drought stress (2)
- endophyte (2)
- epicuticular wax crystals (2)
- epikutikuläre Wachskristalle (2)
- feeding (2)
- flavonoids (2)
- fruit (2)
- fungi (2)
- gene-expression (2)
- herbivory (2)
- honeybee (2)
- hydraulic conductivity (2)
- in vitro (2)
- innate immunity (2)
- ion channel (2)
- ion channels (2)
- juvenile hormone (2)
- kidney (2)
- maize (2)
- metabolism (2)
- metabolites (2)
- metagenomics (2)
- mitochondria (2)
- model (2)
- oncogenes (2)
- optogenetic (2)
- oxylipins (2)
- pH (2)
- pharmacokinetics (2)
- phosphorylation (2)
- phyllosphere (2)
- phylogenetic analysis (2)
- physiology (2)
- plant (2)
- plant defence (2)
- plant defenses (2)
- potassium channel (2)
- programmed cell death (2)
- prostaglandin-like compounds in plants (2)
- protease inhibition (2)
- protein domains (2)
- protein kinase (2)
- proton pump (2)
- reactive electrophilic species (2)
- reaktive elektrophile Spezies (2)
- receptor (2)
- rhodopsin (2)
- root (2)
- root growth (2)
- roots (2)
- soil (2)
- soybean (2)
- tetromycin (2)
- thermotolerance (2)
- toxicity (2)
- transcription factor (2)
- transpiration (2)
- transport (2)
- triglycerides (2)
- vacuole (2)
- vertical transmission (2)
- voltage clamp (2)
- vulnerability curve (2)
- wood anatomy (2)
- (Signal transduction pathways) (1)
- - (1)
- . (1)
- 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (1)
- 14-3-3 (1)
- 14-3-3 . calcium (1)
- 14-3-3s (1)
- 16S metabarcoding (1)
- 18D1 (1)
- 9-HOT (1)
- 9-Hydroxyoktadekatriensäure (1)
- A-D (1)
- A. thaliana (1)
- ABA receptors (1)
- ABA-GE (1)
- ABA-Konjugate (1)
- ABA-conjugates (1)
- ACC deaminase (1)
- ACL (1)
- ADHD (1)
- AIDS (1)
- AKT1 (1)
- AKT1-like (1)
- APOPLAST (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- AZI1 (1)
- Abschirmung (1)
- Abwehrmechanismen (1)
- Acer platanoides (1)
- Acromesomelic dysplasias (1)
- Actinokineospora (1)
- Activin (1)
- Adapterproteine (1)
- Adenylatcyclase (1)
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (1)
- Agonist (1)
- Aktionspotenzial (1)
- Aktivierungsenergie (1)
- Aktivsubstanzen (1)
- Aliphaten (1)
- Aliphatics (1)
- Alkekengi (1)
- Allendorf-Kapelle (1)
- Allendorf-chapell (1)
- Allendorfkapelle (1)
- Allerg (1)
- Allergie (1)
- Allorhizobium vitis (1)
- Alpha therapy (1)
- Alpha-Glucosidase (1)
- Altern (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- AmGr1 (1)
- AmGr2 (1)
- AmGr3 (1)
- Ameisen (1)
- American foulbrood (1)
- Amino acids (1)
- Aminosäuren (1)
- Analoga (1)
- Anion (1)
- Anion channel (1)
- Anionen (1)
- Anionenkanäle (1)
- Anoxie (1)
- Anthropogene Störung (1)
- Anthropogener Einfluss (1)
- Antibiotikum (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antigen (1)
- Antigen CD23 (1)
- Antigen CD40 (1)
- Antimicrobial activities (1)
- Antimicrobial proteins (1)
- Antimikrobielle Aktivitäten (1)
- Antimikrobieller Wirkstoff (1)
- Antioxidants (1)
- Antiport (1)
- Antisense (1)
- Ants (1)
- Aplysina aerophoba (1)
- Apoptose (1)
- Arabidopside (1)
- Arabidopsides (1)
- Arbeitsteilung (1)
- Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (1)
- Arbuskuläre Mykorrhiza (1)
- Arid biomes (1)
- Artenkombination (1)
- Arzneibuch (1)
- Arzneimittel für neuartige Therapien (1)
- Arzneipflanzen (1)
- Aspergillus medium (1)
- AtERDl6 (1)
- AtTMT1/2 (1)
- AtTORF-Ex-Kollektion (1)
- AtTPC1 (1)
- AtrbohD (1)
- Autoimmune diseases (1)
- Autoimmunity (1)
- Autökologie (1)
- AuxRE (1)
- Auxin (1)
- Auxin-regulated transcription (1)
- Auxine (1)
- Available soil water capacity (1)
- Azelainsäure (1)
- Azospirillum brasilense (1)
- B cells (1)
- BETA-Diversität (1)
- BETA-Multifunktionalität (1)
- BIAcore (1)
- BLUF (1)
- BMP antagonist (1)
- BMP signaling (1)
- BMP-2 (1)
- BMPR1B (1)
- Baja California [(PNN) Mexico] (1)
- Bambi (1)
- Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs (1)
- Baumkrone (1)
- Baumphysiologie (1)
- Bestrahlung (1)
- Beta-1-Rezeptor (1)
- Bidirectional manipulation (1)
- Biene (1)
- Bienenwachs (1)
- Bilderzeugung (1)
- Bildgebendes Verfahren (1)
- Biochemie (1)
- Biochemische Analyse (1)
- Biodiversität (1)
- Biogenic (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Bioinformatik (1)
- Biophysics (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Biosynthese (1)
- Biosynthese-Genclustern (1)
- Biosynthesis of Jasmonates (1)
- Bioverfügbarkeit (1)
- Blatt (1)
- Blattknospen (1)
- Blattkäfer (1)
- Blaulicht (1)
- Blütenpflanzen (1)
- Bodenwasser (1)
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (1)
- Bone marrow transplantantation (1)
- Bone morphogenetic protein (1)
- Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (1)
- Borrelia (1)
- Brackwespen (1)
- Brain diseases (1)
- Brassica napus (1)
- Brassicaceae (1)
- Breeding system (1)
- Buche (1)
- Buchweizenkraut (1)
- Bunias orientalis (1)
- Büchold (1)
- C-elegans (1)
- CASPARY-STREIFEN (1)
- CD23 (1)
- CD27 (1)
- CD40 (1)
- CD70 (1)
- CIPK23 (1)
- CNG channel (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CO2 Reaktion (1)
- CO2 Response (1)
- CO2 gas exchange (1)
- CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (1)
- CO\(_{2}\) signaling (1)
- CPK (1)
- CYR61 (1)
- Ca2+ signal (1)
- Ca2+-Signal (1)
- Ca2+-signal (1)
- Ca\(^{2+}\) indicator (1)
- Ca\(^{2+}\) signalling (1)
- Calcium Imaging (1)
- Calcium-Oszillationen (1)
- Calciumion (1)
- Calciumkanal (1)
- Camponotus rufipes (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cancer of Pancreas (1)
- Candidate Phylum Poribacteria (1)
- Carpinus betulus (1)
- Casparian strip (1)
- Castor bean (1)
- Cation channel (1)
- Celaflor (1)
- Chain-length distribution (1)
- Channelrhodopsinen (1)
- Characterizing New Photoreceptors to Expand the Optogenetic Toolbox (1)
- Chemical Ecology (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Chemilumineszenz (1)
- Chemosensory neurons (1)
- Chirurgiegeschichte (1)
- Chlamydomonas reinhardii (1)
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1)
- Chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- Chloroplast (1)
- Chronobiologie (1)
- Chronobiology (1)
- Cirl (1)
- Cis-elements (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Climatic water balance (1)
- Complex medium (1)
- Cortex (1)
- Crown Gall (1)
- Cryptogein (1)
- Cuscuta (1)
- Cuscuta reflexa (1)
- Cuticular transpiration (1)
- Cuticular water permeabilities (1)
- Cutinase (1)
- Cvi-0 (1)
- Cyanobakterien (1)
- Cyclic electron transport (1)
- Cyclic peptides (1)
- Cyclics (1)
- Cyclo-AMP (1)
- Cyclo-GMP (1)
- Cystinknotenprotein (1)
- Cytokine (1)
- Cytokinin (1)
- Cytokinine (1)
- Cytokinins (1)
- Cytoplasma (1)
- Cytoplasmic Ca"+ (1)
- Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (1)
- DAF (1)
- DAN modulator proteins (1)
- DAN-Modulatorproteine (1)
- DC gate (1)
- DEVC (1)
- DIMBOA (1)
- DIRK method (1)
- DNA transcription (1)
- DNA-Methylierung (1)
- DNS (1)
- DRMs (1)
- Darm (1)
- Dattelpalme (1)
- Dauer formation (1)
- Deckenmalerei (1)
- Deep sequencing (1)
- Denaturierende Gradienten-Gelelektrophorese (1)
- Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (1)
- Depolarisation (1)
- DiBAC4(3) (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Dickkopf proteins (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (1)
- Differentielle Genexpression (1)
- Diffusion (1)
- Diffusion coefficient (1)
- Dionaea (1)
- Disease network (1)
- Drosophila (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster motoneuron (1)
- Drought stress (1)
- Drug discovery (1)
- Dual-PAM-100 (1)
- Dürreresistenz (1)
- Dürrestress (1)
- EF-TU (1)
- ENDODERMIS (1)
- ER-Export (1)
- ETR (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Efeu (1)
- Egypt (1)
- Einstichmessungen (1)
- Einzelzellgenomik (1)
- Embolism resistance (1)
- Endoplasmatisches Retikulum (1)
- Energy depletion (1)
- Entomology (1)
- Entzündung (1)
- Enyzme (1)
- Enzymatische Regulation (1)
- Enzymes (1)
- Eosinophiler Granulozyt (1)
- Epichloë spp. (1)
- Equisetum (1)
- Esterasen (1)
- Etablierungsstadium (1)
- Euglena gracilis (1)
- Eulen <Schmetterlinge> (1)
- European foulbrood (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Exodermis (1)
- Expansion microscopy (1)
- Expression (1)
- Extrazellulärraum (1)
- FGF signaling (1)
- FISH-CLEM (1)
- FT-IR-Spektroskopie (1)
- FTIR-Spektroskopie (1)
- FTIR-spectroscopy (1)
- FURA (1)
- Fabaceae (1)
- Factor receptor (1)
- Falle (1)
- Farne (1)
- FeS proteins (1)
- Fertilization in angiosperm (1)
- Fettsäure (1)
- Fettsäuren (1)
- Flagelline (1)
- Flash relaxation kinetics (1)
- Fluorescence mi (1)
- Fluoreszenz (1)
- Fluoreszmikroskopie (1)
- Fluorimetrie (1)
- Fn14 (1)
- Foraging behaviour (1)
- Forschungsstation Fabrikschleichach (1)
- Fortpflanzung (1)
- Fortpflanzungsmechanismen (1)
- Fraxinus excelsior (1)
- Fruchtbildung (1)
- Fruit (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Fura-2 (1)
- Furagieraktivität (1)
- G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptor (1)
- GC-Wert (1)
- GC-value (1)
- GFP (1)
- GLR (1)
- GMP-Regeln (1)
- Gartenerde (1)
- Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Gastrulation (1)
- Gaussia princeps Luziferase (1)
- Gefäßpflanzen (1)
- Geitonogamy (1)
- Gen shaker (1)
- Genaktivierung (1)
- Genanalyse (1)
- Genexpressionsanalysen (1)
- Genmutation (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Germination (1)
- Germination and differentiation (1)
- Gerstenkrankheit (1)
- Geschichte (1)
- Getreide (1)
- Gewebe (1)
- Glaukom (1)
- Gliederfüßer (1)
- Glucocorticosteroide (1)
- Glucose (1)
- Glucose uptake (1)
- Glucose/Saccharose Transport (1)
- Glucosetransportproteine (1)
- Glucosinolates (1)
- Glutamate (1)
- Glutamate-receptor (1)
- Glutamatrezeptor (1)
- Glutathione (1)
- Glycerin (1)
- Glykomodifizierung (1)
- Glykosylierung (1)
- Graft-versus-leukemia (1)
- Grebe dysplasia (1)
- Grenzflächenaktiver Stoff (1)
- GtACR1 (1)
- Guanylatcyclase (1)
- Guanylyl Cyclase (1)
- Guard Cell (1)
- Guard Cells (1)
- H+-atpase (1)
- HAK5-like (1)
- HIV (1)
- HIVDR (1)
- HKT transporter (1)
- HKT1 (1)
- HKT1-like (1)
- HPLC-MS (1)
- HPLC/UPLC methods (1)
- Heat stress (1)
- Hefe-Elicitor (1)
- Hegyi competition index (1)
- Heilpflanzen (1)
- Helianthus annuus (1)
- Hemiparasit (1)
- Herbicid (1)
- Herbivoren-Abwehr-Strategie (1)
- Herbivorie (1)
- Heterologe Expression (1)
- Hexokinase (1)
- High throughput screening (1)
- History of medicine (1)
- History of the medicine (1)
- Hitzeschock-Proteine (1)
- Holz (1)
- Holzbildung (1)
- Holzstrahlen (1)
- Homöostase (1)
- Honigbiene (1)
- Hordeum vulgare (1)
- Hormontransport (1)
- Human sodium iodide symporter (1)
- Hydrathülle (1)
- Hydraulic conductivity (1)
- Hydraulic plasticity (1)
- Hydraulische Leitfähigkeit (1)
- Hydroxylamin (1)
- Hyperpolarisierung (1)
- Hypoxia (1)
- Hypoxie (1)
- Hyrtios (1)
- IL-4 antagonists (1)
- IL8 (1)
- Illumina HiSeq (1)
- Immunactivation (1)
- Immunaktivierung (1)
- Immunologie (1)
- Immunolokalisation (1)
- Immunsystem (1)
- Impfstoff (1)
- In vitro (1)
- Inbreeding depression (1)
- Incompatible parasite-host interaction (1)
- Indirekte Abwehr (1)
- Indonylessigsäure <3-> (1)
- Inf-TRAP-Seq (1)
- Inflammatory bowel disease (1)
- Infliximab (1)
- Inkompatible Parasit-Wirt-Interaktion (1)
- Inoculum production (1)
- Inosite (1)
- Insects (1)
- Insekten-Pflanzen-Interaktionen (1)
- Interleukin (1)
- Interleukin 13 (1)
- Interleukin 4 (1)
- Interleukin 5 (1)
- Interleukin-4 (IL-4) (1)
- Interleukin-4 Antagonist (1)
- Invasion <Biologie> (1)
- Invasive (1)
- Invertase-Inhibitor (1)
- Invertaseinhibitor (1)
- Ionenkanäle (1)
- Ionenleitfähigkeit (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Isoprostanes (1)
- Isothiocyanate (1)
- JA/JA-Ile transport protein JAT1 (1)
- JMT (1)
- Jaborandi (1)
- Janus kinase (1)
- Jasmonate info (1)
- Jasmonic acid (1)
- Jurkat T cells (1)
- KCO (1)
- Kaliumkanäle (1)
- Kaliumtransporter (1)
- Kannenpflanze (1)
- Kanäle (1)
- Karibisches Meer (1)
- Kationenkanal (1)
- Keimling (1)
- Keimlingsentwicklung (1)
- Keimung (1)
- Kellerassel (1)
- Kernproteine (1)
- Klappertopf (1)
- Klimawandel (1)
- Klimaänderung (1)
- Knochenhomöostase (1)
- Konidie (1)
- Krankheit (1)
- Künstliche Samenalterung (1)
- LC-MS (1)
- LCB (1)
- LC–MS/MS (1)
- LIGNIN (1)
- LMNA S143F (1)
- LRP5/6 (1)
- LRP6 (1)
- Lamin (1)
- Laminopathie (1)
- Larval development (1)
- Laser (1)
- Laser Microdissection (1)
- Laser Mikrodissektion (1)
- Lateral root development (1)
- Latrophilin (1)
- Laurdan (1)
- Leaching (1)
- Leaf (1)
- Leitfähigkeit (1)
- Lernen (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- Ligand (1)
- Ligand <Biochemie> (1)
- Ligand-Rezeptor-Interaktion (1)
- Lignin (1)
- Lipasen (1)
- Lipases (1)
- Lipid Metabolism (1)
- Lipid Transfer Protein (1)
- Lipid Transfer Proteine (1)
- Lipid polarization (1)
- Lipid-Peroxide (1)
- Lipide (1)
- Lipidomik (1)
- Lipidperoxidation (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Lipidtransferprotein (1)
- Lipidumbau (1)
- Lipophilic fluorescent dyes (1)
- Lipoprotein (1)
- Lipoxyg (1)
- Liquid (dis-) ordered phase (1)
- Luciferasen (1)
- Luftröhre (1)
- Lupeol synthase (1)
- Lupeolsynthase (1)
- Lyme disease (1)
- Lyme-Krankheit (1)
- Lymphocytes (1)
- Lymphotoxin (1)
- Lymphozyt (1)
- Lymphozyten (1)
- MAP Kinase (1)
- MAP kinase (1)
- MJE (1)
- MPK12 (1)
- MYB (1)
- MYC (1)
- Malvaviscus arboreus (1)
- Mariae Heimsuchung und Sankt Nikolaus (1)
- Mariae Himmelfahrt (1)
- Marin (1)
- Marine (1)
- Maus (1)
- Mechanisms (1)
- Medicago truncatula (1)
- Medicinal Plant (1)
- Medizingeschichte (1)
- Meerrettichkäfer (1)
- Mehrdimensionale NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Membran (1)
- Membrandepolarisierung (1)
- Membrane depolarisation (1)
- Membrane domains (1)
- Mesocestoides corti (1)
- Mesophyllvakuole (1)
- Metabolismus (1)
- Metabolit (1)
- Metabolomik (1)
- Metagenomomanalyse (1)
- Metapleural gland (1)
- Methyl jasmonate esterase (1)
- Methylglasmonat (1)
- Methylierung (1)
- Methyljasmonat (1)
- Methyljasmonat Esterase (1)
- Mexico [North America] (1)
- Micromonospora (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Middle Age (1)
- Mikrobiologie (1)
- Mikrodissektion (1)
- Mikroorganismen (1)
- Mikroorganismus (1)
- Mikroskopie (1)
- Millisecond-timescale (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mitochondrium (1)
- Mittelalter (1)
- Mitteleuropa (1)
- Modelle (1)
- Modifizierung (1)
- Molecular biophysics (1)
- Molecular neuroscience (1)
- Morgenländisches Zackenschötchen (1)
- Morphogenese (1)
- Mustererkennung (1)
- Mutante (1)
- Mykorrhiza (1)
- Myofibroblast differentiation (1)
- Myrosinase (1)
- NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase (1)
- NAD(P)H-plastoquinone-oxidoreductase (1)
- NADH-dehydrogenase (1)
- NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) (1)
- NDH-H (1)
- NDH-I (1)
- NDH-J (1)
- NDH-K (1)
- NFATc1 (1)
- NFKB (1)
- NFkB-Signalling (1)
- NHase (1)
- NMR fingerprint (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NSG (1)
- NSG mice (1)
- NSG-UC (1)
- Nachweis (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Naturstoff (1)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1)
- Nekroptose (1)
- Nekrose (1)
- Nektar-Sekretion (1)
- Nektarium (1)
- Nematode Caenorhabditis-elegans (1)
- Neophyten (1)
- Neophyten <Botanik> (1)
- Nepenthes (1)
- Neurochemie (1)
- Neurologie (1)
- Neuronales visuelles System (1)
- Nicandra (1)
- Nichtwirtsresistenz (1)
- Nicotiana benthamiana (1)
- Nierenfunktion (1)
- Nitrate reductase (1)
- Nitration (1)
- Nitric Oxide (1)
- Nitric Oxide Synthase (1)
- Nitric oxide (1)
- Nitrilase (1)
- Nitrite (1)
- NpHR (1)
- NtAQP1 (1)
- Nuklearfaktor Kappa B (1)
- Nährstoffaufnahme (1)
- Nährstoffmangel (1)
- ODC (1)
- OPDA (1)
- Oberflächenplasmonresonanz (SPR) (1)
- Oberfranken (1)
- Olfr1393 (1)
- Oligomerisation (1)
- Oncogene (1)
- Oncolytic Virus (1)
- Onkogen (1)
- Onkolyse (1)
- Oozyten (1)
- Optical control (1)
- Oralsekret (1)
- Oregon Green-BAPTA (1)
- Ornithindecarboxylase (1)
- Orobanche crenata (1)
- Osmolarität (1)
- Oxidosqualene cyclase (1)
- Oxidosqualenzyklase (1)
- Oxophytodiensäure <12-> (1)
- Oxylipines (1)
- Oxylipins (1)
- O–I 1 fluorescence rise (1)
- P515 (1)
- PALM stoichiometry (1)
- PAMPS (1)
- PAR (1)
- PCD (1)
- PER (1)
- PKS (1)
- PKS I (1)
- PKS II (1)
- PLAT-Domain (1)
- PacBio sequencing (1)
- Paenibacterin (1)
- Pankreaskrebs (1)
- Parasit (1)
- Parkinson-Krankheit (1)
- Parkinsonismus (1)
- Parna´iba <Region> (1)
- Patch-Clamp (1)
- Pathogenabwehr (1)
- Pathogene Bakterien (1)
- Pathogener Mikroorganismus (1)
- Pathogeninteraktion (1)
- Pathologie (1)
- Pathology (1)
- Pax-5 (1)
- Performance (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Pesticide (1)
- Pestizide (1)
- Pflanze-Pathogen-Interaktion (1)
- Pflanzen-Insekten Interaktionen (1)
- Pflanzendarstellung (1)
- Pflanzengewebe (1)
- Pflanzengröße (1)
- Pflanzenhormone (1)
- Pflanzenhydraulik (1)
- Pflanzeninhaltsstoff (1)
- Pflanzenmalerei (1)
- Pflanzenphysiologie (1)
- Pflanzenwachs (1)
- Pflanzenzelle (1)
- Pflanzenzellkulturen (1)
- Pflanzenökologie (1)
- Pharmakotherapie (1)
- Pharmazie (1)
- Phenole (1)
- Pheromone (1)
- Phloem (1)
- Phophorylierung (1)
- Photoreceptor (1)
- Photorezeptor (1)
- Photosynthese (1)
- Photosystem I (1)
- Phototropine (1)
- Phototropins (1)
- Phyllosphere (1)
- Physalis (1)
- Physiologie (1)
- Physiologische Chemie (1)
- Phytoalexin (1)
- Phytoalexine (1)
- Phytoalexins (1)
- Phytochemie (1)
- Phytohormon (1)
- Phytopathogene Pilze (1)
- Phytopathologie (1)
- Phytophthora (1)
- Phytoprostanes (1)
- Phytosphingosine (1)
- Phytosterine (1)
- Pichia pastoris (1)
- Pilocarpin (1)
- Pilocarpus (1)
- Pilocarpus microphyllus (1)
- Pilzbefall (1)
- Pilze (1)
- Pilzkörper (1)
- Pimelinsäure (1)
- Pinus sylvestris L. (1)
- Piriformospora indica (1)
- Pitrakinra (1)
- Plant Biology (1)
- Plant Ecology (1)
- Plant Hormones (1)
- Plant antimicrobial proteins (1)
- Plant cell cultures (1)
- Plant fertilization (1)
- Plant growth promotion (1)
- Plant hydraulic (1)
- Plant immunity (1)
- Plant root endophyte (1)
- Plant signalling (1)
- Plant-Insect Interactions (1)
- Plasma membrane (1)
- Plastid DNA (1)
- Pollenkeimung (1)
- Pollenschlauch Calcium Anionen Kanal Kinase (1)
- Polygonum cuspidatum (1)
- Polyphasic fluorescence rise (1)
- Polypodium vulgare (1)
- Populus (1)
- Poribacteria (1)
- Positron Emission Tomography (1)
- Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (1)
- Posttranslationale Änderung (1)
- Potassium channel (1)
- Powdery mildew fungus (1)
- Precipitation gradient (1)
- Prednisolon (1)
- Prednisolone (1)
- Premna (1)
- Primärmetabolite (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Promotor <Genetik> (1)
- Promotor Regulation (1)
- Promotoraktivität (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Proteinbiochemie (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Proteinen mit antimikrobieller Wirkung (1)
- Proteinkinase (1)
- Proteinkinasen (1)
- Proteinmodifizierung (1)
- Protoplasten (1)
- Protoplasts (1)
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (1)
- Pseudomonas syringae tomato (1)
- Pulvini (1)
- Pyrophosphatase (1)
- QTOF (1)
- QUAC (1)
- Quecksilber (1)
- Quercetin (1)
- Quercus petraea (1)
- R-GECO1 cytosolic Ca\(^{2+}\) reporter (1)
- R-type (1)
- R-type currents (1)
- RIP3 (1)
- RNA Integrität (1)
- RNA integrity (1)
- Raps (1)
- Reaktive Sauerstoffspezies (1)
- Receptor (1)
- Recombinant protein (1)
- Red sea (1)
- Reflexa Roxb (1)
- Regenbaum (1)
- Regenerative Medizin (1)
- Regulatory-cells (1)
- Reis (1)
- Rekombinantes Protein (1)
- Remorin (1)
- Renaturierung <Biochemie> (1)
- Resistances (1)
- Resistenzfaktor (1)
- Resorption (1)
- Respiratory chain (1)
- Retroviren (1)
- Rezeptorblocker (1)
- Rezeptorkinasen (1)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- Rhinanthus (1)
- Rhizodermis (1)
- Ricinus communis (1)
- Root (1)
- Root Nodule Symbiosis (1)
- Rorippa austriaca (1)
- Rose (1)
- Rossameise (1)
- Rothenfels (1)
- Rückfallfieber (1)
- Rüsselreflex (1)
- S-Typ (1)
- S-Typ Anionenkanal (1)
- S-Typ-Anionenkanäle (1)
- S-Type-Anionchannels (1)
- S-typ anionchannel (1)
- S-type (1)
- SGLT-1 (1)
- SGLT1 (1)
- SGLT2 inhibitor (1)
- STP (1)
- SUBERIN (1)
- SUT1 (1)
- SV/TPC1 (1)
- Saatgutbeizung (1)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)
- Saisonalität (1)
- Salicylhydroxamsäure (1)
- Salz (1)
- Salzresistenz (1)
- Samen (1)
- Samenschale (1)
- Schachtelhalm (1)
- Schachtelhalme (1)
- Schlacke (1)
- Schmalwand (1)
- Schneckenklee (1)
- Schwammsymbionten (1)
- Sclerotinia (1)
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (1)
- Sehen (1)
- Sekundärer Bote (1)
- Selective extraction (1)
- Senescence (1)
- Serendipita indica (1)
- Serine proteases (1)
- Shaker (1)
- Siberian spurge (1)
- Signaling (1)
- Signalkette (1)
- Signalling (1)
- Signalpeptide (1)
- Signalweg (1)
- Silver (1)
- Single chain (1)
- Single-cell genomics (1)
- Sink-Source-Relation (1)
- Sleeping Beauty (1)
- Smooth-muscle-cells (1)
- SnRK1-bZIP complex (1)
- Sodium-myoinositol cotransporter-1 (SMIT1) (1)
- Solanaceae (1)
- Solanazeen (1)
- Sonnenblume (1)
- Sonoran Desert (1)
- Spannungsklemmen-Fluorometrie (1)
- Spannungskontrollierter Ionenkanal (1)
- Spheciospongia vagabunda (1)
- Sphingobasen (LCB, LCB-P) (1)
- Sphingobases (1)
- Sphingolipid (1)
- Sphingolipidstoffwechsel (1)
- Spirochäten (1)
- Spodoptera (1)
- Spodoptera frugiperda (1)
- Sponge diseases (1)
- Spross (1)
- SsAQP1 (1)
- SsAQP2 (1)
- SthK-bPAC (1)
- Stickstoffoxide (1)
- Stickstoffoxidsynthase (1)
- Stoffwechsel (1)
- Stoffwechselweg (1)
- Stress-Syndrom (1)
- Struktur-Aktivitäts-B (1)
- Strukturbiologie (1)
- Styrylpyrone (1)
- Subtractive hybridisation (1)
- Subtraktive Hybridisierung (1)
- Sucrose (1)
- Sulforaphan (1)
- Superresolution microscopy (1)
- Suppression (1)
- Surgeon (1)
- Symbionten (1)
- Symbionts (1)
- Symbolik (1)
- Synechocystis 6803 (1)
- Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (1)
- Synthasen (1)
- Synthese (1)
- Systemic acquired resistance (1)
- Systemisch erworbenen Resistenz (1)
- T-Lymphozyt (1)
- T-cells (1)
- T6P (1)
- TGA-Transkriptionsfaktoren (1)
- TGF (1)
- TGF-beta (1)
- TGF-β superfamily (1)
- TGFβ/BMP signaling (1)
- TH2 Immunantwort (1)
- TNF (1)
- TNF Superfamilie (1)
- TNFR2 (1)
- TOR (1)
- TPC1 channel (1)
- TPCA1 (1)
- TPK (1)
- TRAF (1)
- TRAF1 (1)
- TRAIL (1)
- TRAILR-Mutants (1)
- Tagesrhythmus (1)
- Tansania (1)
- Tanzania (1)
- Targeted Radiotherapy (1)
- Thaumatins (1)
- Thermotoleranz (1)
- Thioredoxin (1)
- Ti plasmids (1)
- Tilia cordata (1)
- Tissue Engineering (1)
- Tod (1)
- Todesrezeptor (1)
- Toxizitätstest (1)
- Trachea (1)
- Transcription factor (1)
- Transforming Growth Factor beta (1)
- Transkriptstabilität (1)
- Translokation (1)
- Transpiration barrier (1)
- Transporter (1)
- Tree physiology (1)
- Triglyceride (1)
- Tritrophische Interaktionen (1)
- Trockenheit (1)
- Tropischer Regenwald (1)
- Tropismen (1)
- Tropismus (1)
- Trypanosoma brucei (1)
- Tumor-necrosis-factor (1)
- Tumorentwicklung (1)
- Twisted gastrulation (1)
- UAV (1)
- Ultraviolett (1)
- Ungesättigte Fettsäuren (1)
- Ustilago zeae (1)
- V-ATPase (1)
- V-ATPasen (1)
- VA-Mykorrhiza (1)
- VCF (1)
- VOC <Ökologische Chemie> (1)
- VOC emissions (1)
- Vaccinia Virus (1)
- Vaccinia-Virus (1)
- Variovorax paradoxus (1)
- Vegetable juice (1)
- Vegetationsentwicklung (1)
- Verteidigung (1)
- Verticillium (1)
- Verticillium dahliae (1)
- Verticillium longisporum (1)
- Vertikale Übertragung (1)
- Verwundung (1)
- Very-long-chain aliphatic (1)
- Vicia (1)
- Vicia faba (1)
- Vielfalt (1)
- Vitis (1)
- Vitis vinifera (1)
- Volatiler oraganischer Verbindungen (1)
- Volatiole Compounds (1)
- WNT (1)
- WRKY (1)
- WURZEL (1)
- Wachstum (1)
- Waldökosystem (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Wasserfluss (1)
- Wasserpermeabilität (1)
- Water stress (1)
- Wechselwirkung (1)
- Weinrebe (1)
- Westliche Balsampappel (1)
- Williamsia sp. ARP1 (1)
- Wirt (1)
- Wirtsfindung (1)
- Wnt signaling cascade (1)
- Wnt signalling (1)
- Wnt-Proteine (1)
- Wuchsleistung (1)
- Wundarznei (1)
- Wurzel-Spross-Stresssignal (1)
- Wurzelhalsgallen (1)
- Wurzelknöllchen (1)
- Wurzelknöllchensymbiose (1)
- Wurzelsystem (1)
- Wurzelzellschichten (1)
- Würzburg (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- Xenobiotikum (1)
- Xenopus (1)
- Xenopus laevis oocytes (1)
- Xerostomia (1)
- Xylem vulnerability curve (1)
- Y-gastric bypass (1)
- Zea (1)
- Zellschichtspezifische Expression (1)
- Zelltod (1)
- Zentralzylinder (1)
- Zucker (1)
- Zucker-Signaling (1)
- Zuckerrübeneule (1)
- Zuckertransport (1)
- Zuckertransporter (1)
- Zusammensetzung (1)
- Zwei-Hefen-Hybrid-System (1)
- Zwiebel (1)
- abiotic stress tolerance of plants (1)
- abiotische Stresstoleranz von Pflanzen (1)
- abiotische stress (1)
- aboveground biomass (1)
- abscisic-acid activation (1)
- absorption (1)
- acquired thermotolerance (1)
- acquisition (1)
- actinobacteria (1)
- actinosporins (1)
- activation (1)
- acylcarnitine (1)
- adaption (1)
- adaptive conflict (1)
- aldehydes (1)
- alien (1)
- alignmen (1)
- aliphatic compounds (1)
- aliphatic glucosinolates (1)
- alkaloid detection methods (1)
- allene oxide synthase (1)
- amino acid analysis (1)
- amino acid transporter (1)
- amino-acid-metabolism (1)
- amplicon pyrosequencing (1)
- angiogenesis (1)
- animal models (1)
- anion channels (1)
- annotation (1)
- anoxia (1)
- antagonist (1)
- antagonists (1)
- anthropogenic disturbance (1)
- anti-microbial activit (1)
- anti-predator defence (1)
- anti-trypanosoma (1)
- antibodies (1)
- antibody production (1)
- antigen binding antibody fragment (Fab) (1)
- antioxidant (1)
- antioxidants (1)
- antiport (1)
- antisense (1)
- apical GLUT2 (1)
- apoplast (1)
- aqueous pathways (1)
- arabidopsis (1)
- arabidopsis-thaliana (1)
- artificial neural network (1)
- artificial rearing (1)
- asparaginase (1)
- asparagine (1)
- asparagine synthetase (1)
- aspergillus fumigatus (1)
- assembly (1)
- atmospheric chemistry (1)
- autotoxicity (1)
- auxin (1)
- azelaic acid (1)
- bPAC (1)
- bZIP transcription fators (1)
- bZIPs (1)
- bacteria (1)
- bacterial communities (1)
- bacterial community (1)
- bacterial genomics (1)
- bariatric surgery (1)
- basale Immunität (1)
- bee disease (1)
- behavior (1)
- beta diversity (1)
- beta-multifunctionality (1)
- beta1-adrenergic receptor (1)
- betaglycan (1)
- biliopancreatic diversion (1)
- binding analysis (1)
- bioactive (1)
- bioartificial tissue (1)
- bioartifizielles Rekonstruktionsgewebe (1)
- bioassays (1)
- bioavailibility (1)
- biofilms (1)
- biogenic volatile organic compounds (1)
- biological locomotion (1)
- biomass (1)
- biophysics (1)
- biosurfactants (1)
- biosynthetic gene clusters (1)
- biosynthetic glycosylation (1)
- biotic and abiotic stress (1)
- biotic stress (1)
- biotische stress (1)
- bipartite metabolism (1)
- bluelight (1)
- body weight (1)
- bone homeostasis (1)
- bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) (1)
- bone morphogenetic proteins (1)
- bone regeneration (1)
- brush border membrane (1)
- bryozoan bugula-neritina (1)
- buckwheat (1)
- buds (1)
- butenolide (1)
- cGMP (1)
- cIAP (1)
- caged glutamate (1)
- calcium absorption (1)
- calcium dependent membrane conductance (1)
- calcium oscillations (1)
- calcium signalling (1)
- calciumabhängige Membranleitfähigkeiten (1)
- canine cancer cell lines (1)
- canine cancer therapy (1)
- canine soft tissue sarcoma (CSTS) (1)
- capra hircus (1)
- cardiomyocytes (1)
- carnivorous plants (1)
- carnivorus plants (1)
- carrier (1)
- caterpillars (1)
- cathepsin (1)
- cathepsin-L (1)
- cell binding assay (1)
- cell compartmentation (1)
- cell culture (1)
- cell cycle and cell division (1)
- cell death (1)
- cell membranes (1)
- cell metabolism (1)
- cell-type specific (1)
- cell-wall invertases (1)
- cellular binding studies (1)
- channelrhodopsin (1)
- channelrhodopsins (1)
- channels (1)
- chemical glycosylation (1)
- chemische Ökologie (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1)
- chlamyopsin (1)
- chlorella (1)
- chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (1)
- chondrodysplasia (1)
- circadian rhythm (1)
- circular dichroism spectra (1)
- cis-element modules (1)
- class II TGA factors (1)
- climatological water deficit (1)
- clinical practice guidelines (1)
- co-cultivation (1)
- cold stress (1)
- community structure (1)
- compounds (1)
- computational cell biology (1)
- conductance (1)
- conidial differentiation (1)
- contact lens (1)
- cool-season grass species (1)
- cotransporter (1)
- cotransporter SGLT1 (1)
- covalent coupling (1)
- cpYFP cytosolic pH reporter (1)
- cristae (1)
- crown gall (1)
- crown galls (1)
- cultivation (1)
- cuticular permeability (1)
- cuticular transpiration (1)
- cuticular uptake (1)
- cuticular wax (1)
- cuticular waxes (1)
- cutin (1)
- cyanobacteria (1)
- cyanobacterium (1)
- cyclic GMP (1)
- cyclic compounds (1)
- cyclic dipeptide (1)
- cyclin-dependent kinases (1)
- cystin knot protein (1)
- cytokinins (1)
- cytosolic pH (1)
- de novo sequenced genomes (1)
- defence (1)
- defence mechanisms (1)
- defence response (1)
- dehydration (1)
- denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (1)
- density (1)
- depolarization (1)
- desert (1)
- desert soil (1)
- diazepinomicin (1)
- diazidisches Motiv (1)
- differential coverage binning (1)
- differentiation (1)
- diffusive component (1)
- dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (1)
- dionaea muscipula (1)
- direct PCR (1)
- discovery (1)
- disease resistance (1)
- divergence times (1)
- dodder (1)
- dominance (1)
- double electrode voltage clamp (1)
- doxorubicin (1)
- draft genome (1)
- drosophila melanogaster (1)
- drug discovery (1)
- drug metabolism (1)
- drugs (1)
- du Pan dysplasia (1)
- duodenal jejunal bypass (1)
- duplicate genes (1)
- eATP (1)
- earlywood (1)
- ecophysiology (1)
- effectors (1)
- electrochromic absorbance shift (1)
- electron density (1)
- electrophysiology (1)
- elektrische Signale (1)
- elicitors (1)
- embolism resistance (1)
- embryology (1)
- empagliflozin (1)
- endoplasmatic reticulum (1)
- enemy hypothesis (1)
- energy conservation (1)
- energy deprivation (1)
- energy dissipation (1)
- energy metabolism (1)
- energy signaling (1)
- enzymes (1)
- eosinophil (1)
- epigenetics (1)
- epiphytes (1)
- epithelial cells (1)
- escherichia coli (1)
- evolution (1)
- evolutionary developmental biology (1)
- excretory-secretory (1)
- exocytosis (1)
- exodermis (1)
- experimental vegetation (1)
- experimentelle Vegetation (1)
- expression (1)
- extended phenotype (1)
- extrafloral nectaries (1)
- extraflorale Nektarien (1)
- extrazelluläre Invertasen (1)
- farm forestry (1)
- farmland woodlots (1)
- fatty acid (1)
- fatty acids (1)
- fermentation (1)
- ferns (1)
- fibre length (1)
- fine root biomass (1)
- fine root necromass (1)
- flagellin (1)
- flg22 (1)
- flow path (1)
- flowering plants (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence microscopy (1)
- fluorescent microscopy (1)
- fluorometry (1)
- food intake (1)
- foragers (1)
- foraging (1)
- foraging activity (1)
- fractal analysis (1)
- functional absorption cross section of PS II (1)
- functional studies (1)
- fungal spores (1)
- gamma (1)
- gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- gastrointestinal mucositis (1)
- gene (1)
- gene activation (1)
- gene expression profiling (1)
- gene regulation (1)
- gene stability (1)
- genetically modified plants (1)
- genome analysis (1)
- genome assembly (1)
- genomic analysis (1)
- genomic databases (1)
- gezielte Radiotherapie (1)
- glands (1)
- glaucoma (1)
- glossy11 (1)
- glucagon like peptide-1 (1)
- glucose (1)
- glucose handling (1)
- glucose lowering agent (1)
- glucose metabolism (1)
- glucose transport (1)
- glucose/sucrose transport (1)
- glycerol (1)
- glycoengineering (1)
- glycophyte Arabidopsis (1)
- glycoprotein (1)
- grass endophytes (1)
- grasslands (1)
- grebe (1)
- green fluorescence protein (GFP) (1)
- growth (1)
- growth and differentiation factor 5 (1)
- growth factor beta (1)
- growth rate (1)
- growth ring width (1)
- guanylyl cyclase (1)
- guanylyl cyclase (GC) (1)
- gustatory receptors (Grs) (1)
- gut hormones (1)
- halophyte Thellungiella/Eutrema (1)
- heart (1)
- heat shock response (1)
- heat stress (1)
- hemiparasite (1)
- hemolymph lipids (1)
- herbivore defense strategies (1)
- heterologous expression (1)
- high performance liquid chromatography (1)
- high resolution visualisation (1)
- high throughput screening (1)
- higher plants (1)
- honeybee taste perception (1)
- hormone flow modelling (1)
- horses (1)
- horsetail (1)
- human diseases (1)
- human interleukin-4 (1)
- humaner Natrium-Iodid-Symporter (1)
- hybrid assembly (1)
- hydration (1)
- hydraulic architecture (1)
- hydraulic efficiency (1)
- hydraulic variability (1)
- hydroxylamine (1)
- hyperexpression techniques (1)
- hyperglycemia (1)
- hyperpolarisation (1)
- hyperpolarization (1)
- iLID (1)
- imaging (1)
- imaging PAM (1)
- immunity response (1)
- immunolocalisation (1)
- immunomodulatory (1)
- in-vitro (1)
- incompatible interaction (1)
- increases bone-formation (1)
- incretin secretion (1)
- indirect defense (1)
- indirect plant defence (1)
- indirekte Verteidigung (1)
- indole-glucosinolates (1)
- induced metabolites (1)
- infection rates (1)
- inflammation (1)
- inflated fruiting calyx (1)
- insect (1)
- insect-plant-interaction (1)
- intact plants (1)
- interaction (1)
- interleukin-13 (1)
- interleukin-4 (1)
- interleukin-5 signaling (1)
- intestinal glucose (1)
- intestinal mucositis (1)
- intraguild predation (1)
- intrauterine growth (1)
- invasive (1)
- invertase (1)
- invertase inhibitor (1)
- iodides (1)
- ion signaling (1)
- ion transport (1)
- isolation (1)
- isoprene (1)
- isoprostanes (1)
- isothiocyanates (1)
- jasmonic acid biosynthesis (1)
- jasmonoyl-isoleucine (1)
- kidney disease (1)
- klinische Studie (1)
- kutikuläre Aufnahme (1)
- lamin (1)
- laminopathy (1)
- latewood (1)
- latitude (1)
- leaching (1)
- leaf (1)
- leaf beetle (1)
- leaf wax analysis (1)
- leaves (1)
- lebende Pflanzen (1)
- lichen (1)
- lichtgesteuerte Manipulation (1)
- ligand (1)
- ligand binding (1)
- ligand-receptor complex (1)
- ligand-receptor promiscuity (1)
- light-driven metabolism (1)
- light-induced dimerization (1)
- light-sensitive anion channel (1)
- lightinduced manipulation (1)
- lignan (1)
- linkage analysis (1)
- lipid peroxidation (1)
- lipid remodeling (1)
- lipid signaling (1)
- lipid transfer proteins (1)
- lipidomics (1)
- lipochitinoligosaccharides (1)
- lipoproteins (1)
- live-cell imaging (1)
- livestock (1)
- living plants (1)
- localization (1)
- locomotor activity (1)
- long-chain base (1)
- lox6 (1)
- luciferase (1)
- luminal Ca2+ sensing sites (1)
- luminale Ca2+-Sensorstellen (1)
- luminescence (1)
- malaria parasites (1)
- male sterility (1)
- marine (1)
- marine Synechococcus strains (1)
- marine bacteria (1)
- marine microalgae (1)
- marine natural products (1)
- marker genes (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- mechanisms (1)
- mechanosensation (1)
- medicinal plant (1)
- medicinal plants (1)
- medicine (1)
- membrane anchor (1)
- membrane depolarization (1)
- membrane protein (1)
- membrane proteins (1)
- membrane remodeling (1)
- mercury (1)
- meristems (1)
- mesophyll (1)
- mesophyll cells (1)
- mesophyll vacuole (1)
- messenger-RNA (1)
- messenger-RNA translation (1)
- metabolic flux analysis (1)
- metabolic profiling (1)
- metabolomic (1)
- metabolomic changes (1)
- method comparison (1)
- methyl jasmonate (1)
- mice (1)
- microarray (1)
- microbial communities (1)
- microbial rhodopsin (1)
- microelectrodes (1)
- microorganism (1)
- mineral nutrient (1)
- minimum (1)
- missense (1)
- mitochondrial activity (1)
- models (1)
- molecular engineering (1)
- molecular pathways (1)
- molecular structure (1)
- morphological adaptions (1)
- multiple linear regression (1)
- multiple myeloma (1)
- multivariate analysis (1)
- mustard oil bomb (1)
- mutagenesis (1)
- mycotoxins (1)
- männliche Sterilität (1)
- natural products (1)
- ndhH gene (1)
- necromass/biomass ratio (1)
- necrotic cell death (1)
- nectar (1)
- nectar secretion (1)
- nectaries (1)
- needle surface waxes (1)
- nektar (1)
- nektarien (1)
- neuer anti-infektiver Substanzen (1)
- neurochemistry (1)
- neurology (1)
- neuronal silencing (1)
- neuronal visual system (1)
- neutralizing antibody (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- nitrate reductase (1)
- nitric oxide (1)
- nitrogen status (1)
- nittric (1)
- non-host resistance (1)
- non-indigenous (1)
- nonribosomal peptide synthetase (1)
- nucleus (1)
- nurse bees (1)
- nursing (1)
- nutrient deficiency (1)
- nutrient uptake (1)
- nutrition (1)
- oberflächenaktive Stoffe (1)
- oil palm (1)
- olfactory bioassay (1)
- olfactory receptor (1)
- oncolytic virus (1)
- onion (1)
- onkolytische Viren (1)
- oocytes (1)
- opsins (1)
- oral mucositis (1)
- organic (1)
- osteoblasts (1)
- osteoporosis (1)
- oxidative NO-Bildung (1)
- oxidative NO-formation (1)
- oxidative and pH dependent regulation (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- oxidative und pH-abhängige Regulation (1)
- oxide DAF (1)
- oxidized lipids (1)
- ozone (1)
- pH-Wert (1)
- package (1)
- paediatric research (1)
- parasite biology (1)
- parasitic plants (1)
- parasitoid (1)
- parkinsonism (1)
- particle bombardment (1)
- patch-clamp (1)
- patchiness (1)
- pathogen vector (1)
- pathogens (1)
- pbl (1)
- pea (1)
- peltula patellata (1)
- peptide engineering (1)
- peptide-based interleukin-5 inhibitor (1)
- perennial ryegrass (1)
- permeability (1)
- permeation (1)
- pesicicles (1)
- pesticides (1)
- pflanze (1)
- pflanzliche Elektrophysiologie (1)
- pflanzliche Kutikula (1)
- pflanzliche Pathogenresistenz (1)
- pflanzliche Sterole (1)
- pflanzliche Vaccine (1)
- phage display (1)
- pharmacophore map (1)
- pharmacy (1)
- phenolic compounds (1)
- phenolic constituents (1)
- phenolics (1)
- phenology (1)
- phenols (1)
- phenotypic plasticity (1)
- phosphoproteomics (1)
- photoaktiviert (1)
- photoinhibition (1)
- photoprotection (1)
- photoreceptors (1)
- photosynthetic electron transport (1)
- photosystem II (1)
- phylogenetic (1)
- phylogenetic trees (1)
- phylogenetics (1)
- phylogenomics (1)
- phytochemicals (1)
- phytochemistry (1)
- phytohormones (1)
- phytoprostane (1)
- pilocarpine (1)
- pimelic acid (1)
- pit membrane diameter (1)
- placidium (1)
- plakortide E. (1)
- plakortis halichondroides (1)
- plan sciences (1)
- plant cells (1)
- plant communities (1)
- plant decorations (1)
- plant defense (1)
- plant development (1)
- plant fresh/dry weight (1)
- plant genomics (1)
- plant growth and development (1)
- plant immunity (1)
- plant molecular biology (1)
- plant pathogen resistance (1)
- plant photoassimilate partitioning (1)
- plant signaling (1)
- plant signalling (1)
- plant size (1)
- plant sphingolipid metabolism (1)
- plant-animal interaction (1)
- plant-derived vaccines (1)
- plant-pathogen-interaction (1)
- plant-plant interaction (1)
- plants response (1)
- plant–microbe interaction (1)
- plant–pathogen interaction (1)
- plasma membrane (1)
- pollen germination (1)
- pollen tube calcium anion channel kinase (1)
- pollen tubes (1)
- polyamines (1)
- polyketide synthase gene (1)
- polymerization (1)
- polyvinyl chloride (1)
- pore (1)
- porin (1)
- postmenopausal osteoporosis (1)
- postmortales Humangewebe (1)
- postmortem human tissue (1)
- posttranscriptional regulation (1)
- potassium carrier (1)
- potassium channels (1)
- powdery mildew (1)
- powdery mildew desease (1)
- presteady-state (1)
- presteady-state Ströme (1)
- prevention (1)
- primary metabolites (1)
- proboscis extension reflex (1)
- proboscis extension response (PER) (1)
- programmierter Zelltod (1)
- promoter activity (1)
- promoter regulation (1)
- prostaglandins (1)
- protease inhibitor (1)
- protein (1)
- protein interaction (1)
- protein secondary structure (1)
- protein structure (1)
- protein translocation (1)
- protein-1 CDMP1 gene (1)
- protein-protein interactions (1)
- protein-protein recognition (1)
- proteins (1)
- proteomic (1)
- proteomic analysis (1)
- proteomics (1)
- proteomics analysis (1)
- proton efflux (1)
- protoplast (1)
- protoplast transformation (1)
- protoplasten (1)
- protoplasts (1)
- pseudomonas syringae (1)
- psora decipiens (1)
- pulvini (1)
- quantitative trait locus (1)
- quercetin (1)
- quinoa (1)
- rainfall gradient (1)
- random forest (1)
- ranscription factors (1)
- rat hippocampal neurons (1)
- rat model (1)
- rat small-intestine (1)
- rates (1)
- ray solution scattering (1)
- reaction centre (1)
- reactivation (1)
- reactive electrophile oxylipins (1)
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) (1)
- recent origin (1)
- receptor kinases (1)
- receptor type III (1)
- recj exonuclease (1)
- redox homeostasis (1)
- regulator genes (1)
- regurgitation (1)
- relapsing fever (1)
- repeated dose (1)
- resistance (1)
- resveratrol biosynthesis (1)
- reveals (1)
- rheumatoid-arthritis (1)
- rhizobacteria (1)
- rhodesain (1)
- ribosomal RNA (1)
- ribosomal RNA genes (1)
- rice (1)
- root infection systems (1)
- root morphology (1)
- root pathogens (1)
- root-to-shoot stress signal (1)
- rootsystem (1)
- rough woodlouse (1)
- s-phase (1)
- sRNA (1)
- saccharmyces cerevisiae (1)
- safety-efficiency trade-off (1)
- salicylic acid (1)
- salinity stress (1)
- scFv (1)
- schutz (1)
- sclerostin (1)
- screening tools (1)
- seasonality (1)
- secondary metabolomics (1)
- seed coat (1)
- seed dispersal strategy (1)
- seed protein concentration (1)
- seed treatment (1)
- seedling establishment (1)
- seedlings (1)
- selection (1)
- sequence analysis (1)
- sequestration (1)
- shock response (1)
- signal inhibition (1)
- signal specification (1)
- single cell (1)
- single-cell genomics (1)
- single-stranded-DNA (1)
- slowly-binding reversible inhibitor (1)
- small-angle scattering (1)
- sodium channel (1)
- sodium uptake (1)
- sodium/glucose cotransporters (SGLT) (1)
- soil crust (1)
- soil-borne microorganisms (1)
- spacer sequences (1)
- species composition (1)
- specificity (1)
- sphingolipid (1)
- sphingomonads (1)
- sponge (1)
- sponge holicolona-simulans (1)
- sponge microbiome (1)
- sponge-associated actinomyetes (1)
- staphilococci (1)
- staurosporine (1)
- stomatal closure (1)
- stress signaling cascade (1)
- stress tolerance (1)
- striga (1)
- structural biology (1)
- structure (1)
- structure analysis (1)
- structured illumination microscope (1)
- styrylpyrones (1)
- subcutaneous animal model (1)
- suberin (1)
- successional stage (1)
- sugar absorption (1)
- sugar beet (1)
- sugar responsiveness (1)
- sugar signaling (1)
- sugar transport (1)
- sugar transport protein (1)
- sulforaphane (1)
- superfamily (1)
- support vector machine (1)
- surface potential recording (1)
- surfactants (1)
- symbionts (1)
- symbiosis (1)
- symbiotic bacteria (1)
- symbolism (1)
- symport (1)
- synechocystis (1)
- synthetic D-glucose analogy (1)
- syringae (1)
- systemic acquired resistance (1)
- systemic resistance (1)
- systemisch erworbene Resistenz (1)
- systemische Resistenz (1)
- tannins (1)
- targeting (1)
- task allocation (1)
- taxonomy (1)
- temperature (1)
- terpenes (1)
- thaliana (1)
- tobacco (1)
- tool (1)
- topology (1)
- touch (1)
- toxicity testing (1)
- transcription factor function (1)
- transcriptional profiling (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transformation (1)
- transiente Transformation (1)
- transition temperature (1)
- transporter (1)
- transporters (1)
- trap closure (1)
- tree architecture (1)
- tree growth (1)
- triacylglycerols (1)
- triterpenoids (1)
- tritrophic interactions (1)
- tropisms (1)
- trypanosoma brucei (1)
- tryptophan (1)
- tumor cell (1)
- tumor development (1)
- two-component (1)
- two-component system (1)
- two-hybrid system (1)
- tyloses (1)
- type 2 diabetes (1)
- ultrastructure (1)
- ultraviolet (1)
- ultraviolet radiation (1)
- ultraviolette Strahlung (1)
- undernourishment (1)
- unfolded protein response (1)
- unsaturated Fatty Acids (1)
- vacuolar calcium sensor (1)
- vacuolar membrane (1)
- vacuolar proton-ATPase (1)
- valinomycin (1)
- vertical and radial variation (1)
- vertikale Weitergabe (1)
- very long-chain aliphatic compounds (1)
- very-long-chain aldehydes (1)
- vessel lumen diameter (1)
- vessel tapering (1)
- volatile (1)
- volatile organic compounds (1)
- volatiles (1)
- voltage clamp fluorometry (1)
- voltage dependent (1)
- voltage gating (1)
- volvox carteri (1)
- von Willebrand type C domain (1)
- wasserhaushalt (1)
- water (1)
- water availability (1)
- water flow (1)
- water relation (1)
- water relations (1)
- water transport root (1)
- waterpermeability (1)
- wax biosynthesis (1)
- wax composition (1)
- waxes (1)
- web server (1)
- weed dodder (1)
- whole genome sequencing (1)
- whole-genome duplication (1)
- windpipe (1)
- wood density (1)
- wood formation (1)
- wood production (1)
- wood rays (1)
- wounding (1)
- xenobiotic metabolism (1)
- xerostomia (1)
- xylem (1)
- xylem loading (1)
- yeast-elicitor (1)
- zelluläre Bindungsstudien (1)
- zyklische Peptide (1)
- Ökologie (1)
- Ökophysiologie (1)
- Österreichische Sumpfkresse (1)
- ß-D-Glucosidase (1)
- ß-D-glucosidase (1)
Institute
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften (361) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg (1)
- Fraunhofer IGB Stuttgart (1)
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel (1)
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt (1)
- IZKF (Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung), Universität Würzburg (1)
- IZKF Laboratory for Microarray Applications, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany (1)
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften Lehrstuhl für Botanik II - Ökophysiologie und Vegetationsökologie (1)
- Leuphana Universität Lüneburg (1)
- Technische Universität Dresden (1)
- Technische Universität München (1)
Background:
Grebe dysplasia, Hunter-Thompson dysplasia, and du Pan dysplasia constitute a spectrum of skeletal dysplasias inherited as an autosomal recessive trait characterized by short stature, severe acromesomelic shortening of the limbs, and normal axial skeleton. The majority of patients with these disorders have biallelic loss-of-function mutations of GDF5. In single instances, Grebe dysplasia and a Grebe dysplasia-like phenotype with genital anomalies have been shown to be caused by mutations in BMPR1B, encoding a GDF5 receptor.
Methods:
We clinically and radiologically characterised an acromesomelic chondrodysplasia in an adult woman born to consanguineous parents. We sequenced GDF5 and BMPR1B on DNA of the proposita. We performed 3D structural analysis and luciferase reporter assays to functionally investigate the identified BMPR1B mutation.
Results:
We extend the genotype-phenotype correlation in the acromesomelic chondrodysplasias by showing that the milder du Pan dysplasia can be caused by a hypomorphic BMPR1B mutation. We show that the homozygous c.91C>T, p.(Arg31Cys) mutation causing du Pan dysplasia leads to a significant loss of BMPR1B function, but to a lesser extent than the previously reported p.Cys53Arg mutation that results in the more severe Grebe dysplasia.
Conclusions:
The phenotypic severity gradient of the clinically and radiologically related acromesomelic chondrodysplasia spectrum of skeletal disorders may be due to the extent of functional impairment of the ligand-receptor pair GDF5-BMPR1B.
The stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces expression of defence genes in many organs, modulates ion homeostasis and metabolism in guard cells, and inhibits germination and seedling growth. Concerning the latter effect, several mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with improved capability for \(H^+\) efflux (wat1-1D, overexpression of AKT1 and ost2-1D) are less sensitive to inhibition by ABA than the wild type. This suggested that ABA could inhibit \(H^+\) efflux (\(H^+\)-ATPase) and induce cytosolic acidification as a mechanism of growth inhibition. Measurements to test this hypothesis could not be done in germinating seeds and we used roots as the most convenient system. ABA inhibited the root plasma-membrane H+-ATPase measured in vitro (ATP hydrolysis by isolated vesicles) and in vivo (\(H^+\) efflux from seedling roots). This inhibition involved the core ABA signalling elements: PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, ABA-inhibited protein phosphatases (HAB1), and ABA-activated protein kinases (SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3). Electrophysiological measurements in root epidermal cells indicated that ABA, acting through the PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors, induced membrane hyperpolarization (due to \(K^+\) efflux through the GORK channel) and cytosolic acidification. This acidification was not observed in the wat1-1D mutant. The mechanism of inhibition of the \(H^+\)-ATPase by ABA and its effects on cytosolic pH and membrane potential in roots were different from those in guard cells. ABA did not affect the in vivo phosphorylation level of the known activating site (penultimate threonine) of (\(H^+\)-ATPase in roots, and SnRK2.2 phosphorylated in vitro the C-terminal regulatory domain of (\(H^+\)-ATPase while the guard-cell kinase SnRK2.6/OST1 did not.
Plants extract mineral nutrients from the soil, or from interactions with mutualistic soil microbes via their root systems. Adapting root architecture to nutrient availability enables efficient resource utilization, particularly in patchy and dynamic environments. Root growth responses to soil nitrogen levels are shoot-mediated, but the identity of shoot-derived mobile signals regulating root growth responses has remained enigmatic. Here we show that a shoot-derived micro RNA, miR2111, systemically steers lateral root initiation and nitrogen responsiveness through its root target TML (TOO MUCH LOVE) in the legume Lotus japonicus, where miR2111 and TML were previously shown to regulate symbiotic infections with nitrogen fixing bacteria. Intriguingly, systemic control of lateral root initiation by miR2111 and TML/HOLT (HOMOLOGUE OF LEGUME TML) was conserved in the nonsymbiotic ruderal Arabidopsis thaliana, which follows a distinct ecological strategy. Thus, the miR2111-TML/HOLT regulon emerges as an essential, conserved factor in adaptive shoot control of root architecture in dicots.
Animal models reflective of ulcerative colitis (UC) remain a major challenge, and yet are crucial to understand mechanisms underlying the onset of disease and inflammatory characteristics of relapses and remission. Mouse models in which colitis-like symptoms are induced through challenge with toxins such as oxazolone, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) have been instrumental in understanding the inflammatory processes of UC. However, these neither reflect the heterogeneous symptoms observed in the UC-affected population nor can they be used to test the efficacy of inhibitors developed against human targets where high sequence and structural similarity of the respective ligands is lacking. In an attempt to overcome these problems, we have developed a mouse model that relies on NOD-scid IL2R γnull mice reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from UC-affected individuals. Upon challenge with ethanol, mice developed colitis-like symptoms and changes in the colon architecture, characterized by influx of inflammatory cells, edema, crypt loss, crypt abscesses and epithelial hyperplasia, as previously observed in immune-competent mice. TARC, TGFβ1 and HGF expression increased in distal parts of the colon. Analysis of human leucocytes isolated from mouse spleen revealed an increase in frequencies of CD1a+, CD64+, CD163+ and TSLPR+ CD14+ monocytes, and antigen-experienced CD44+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in response to ethanol. Analysis of human leucocytes from the colon of challenged mice identified CD14+ monocytes and CD11b+ monocytes as the predominant populations. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis from distal parts of the colon indicated that IFNγ might be one of the cytokines driving inflammation. Treatment with infliximab ameliorated symptoms and pathological manifestations, whereas pitrakinra had no therapeutic benefit. Thus, this model is partially reflective of the human disease and might help to increase the translation of animal and clinical studies.
A novel cost effective and high-throughput isolation and identification method for marine microalgae
(2014)
BACKROUND:
Marine microalgae are of major ecologic and emerging economic importance. Biotechnological screening schemes of microalgae for specific traits and laboratory experiments to advance our knowledge on algal biology and evolution strongly benefit from culture collections reflecting a maximum of the natural inter- and intraspecific diversity. However, standard procedures for strain isolation and identification, namely DNA extraction, purification, amplification, sequencing and taxonomic identification still include considerable constraints increasing the time required to establish new cultures.
RESULTS:
In this study, we report a cost effective and high-throughput isolation and identification method for marine microalgae. The throughput was increased by applying strain isolation on plates and taxonomic identification by direct PCR (dPCR) of phylogenetic marker genes in combination with a novel sequencing electropherogram based screening method to assess the taxonomic diversity and identity of the isolated cultures. For validation of the effectiveness of this approach, we isolated and identified a range of unialgal cultures from natural phytoplankton communities sampled in the Arctic Ocean. These cultures include the isolate of a novel marine Chlorophyceae strain among several different diatoms.
CONCLUSIONS:
We provide an efficient and effective approach leading from natural phytoplankton communities to isolated and taxonomically identified algal strains in only a few weeks. Validated with sensitive Arctic phytoplankton, this approach overcomes the constraints of standard molecular characterisation and establishment of unialgal cultures."
Olfactory receptors (ORs) are G protein-coupled receptors which serve important sensory functions beyond their role as odorant detectors in the olfactory epithelium. Here we describe a novel role for one of these ORs, Olfr1393, as a regulator of renal glucose handling. Olfr1393 is specifically expressed in the kidney proximal tubule, which is the site of renal glucose reabsorption. Olfr1393 knockout mice exhibit urinary glucose wasting and improved glucose tolerance, despite euglycemia and normal insulin levels. Consistent with this phenotype, Olfr1393 knockout mice have a significant decrease in luminal expression of Sglt1, a key renal glucose transporter, uncovering a novel regulatory pathway involving Olfr1393 and Sglt1. In addition, by utilizing a large scale screen of over 1400 chemicals we reveal the ligand profile of Olfr1393 for the first time, offering new insight into potential pathways of physiological regulation for this novel signaling pathway.
Background: Members of the TGF-b superfamily are characterized by a highly promiscuous ligand-receptor interaction as is readily apparent from the numeral discrepancy of only seven type I and five type II receptors available for more than 40 ligands. Structural and functional studies have been used to address the question of how specific signals can be deduced from a limited number of receptor combinations and to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the protein-protein recognition that allow such limited specificity. Principal Findings: In this study we have investigated how an antigen binding antibody fragment (Fab) raised against the extracellular domain of the BMP receptor type IA (BMPR-IA) recognizes the receptor’s BMP-2 binding epitope and thereby neutralizes BMP-2 receptor activation. The crystal structure of the complex of the BMPR-IA ectodomain bound to the Fab AbD1556 revealed that the contact surface of BMPR-IA overlaps extensively with the contact surface for BMP-2 interaction. Although the structural epitopes of BMPR-IA to both binding partners coincides, the structures of BMPR-IA in the two complexes differ significantly. In contrast to the structural differences, alanine-scanning mutagenesis of BMPR-IA showed that the functional determinants for binding to the antibody and BMP-2 are almost identical. Conclusions: Comparing the structures of BMPR-IA bound to BMP-2 or bound to the Fab AbD1556 with the structure of unbound BMPR-IA shows that binding of BMPR-IA to its interaction partners follows a selection fit mechanism, possibly indicating that the ligand promiscuity of BMPR-IA is inherently encoded by structural adaptability. The functional and structural analysis of the BMPR-IA binding antibody AbD1556 mimicking the BMP-2 binding epitope may thus pave the way for the design of low-molecular weight synthetic receptor binders/inhibitors.
Cytosolic calcium signals are evoked by a large variety of biotic and abiotic stimuli and play an important role in cellular and long distance signalling in plants. While the function of the plasma membrane in cytosolic Ca\(^{2+}\) signalling has been intensively studied, the role of the vacuolar membrane remains elusive.
A newly developed vacuolar voltage clamp technique was used in combination with live-cell imaging, to study the role of the vacuolar membrane in Ca\(^{2+}\) and pH homeostasis of bulging root hair cells of Arabidopsis.
Depolarisation of the vacuolar membrane caused a rapid increase in the Ca\(^{2+}\) concentration and alkalised the cytosol, while hyperpolarisation led to the opposite responses.
The relationship between the vacuolar membrane potential, the cytosolic pH and Ca2+ concentration suggests that a vacuolar H\(^{+}\)/Ca\(^{2+}\) exchange mechanism plays a central role in cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis. Mathematical modelling further suggests that the voltage-dependent vacuolar Ca\(^{2+}\) homeostat could contribute to calcium signalling when coupled to a recently discovered K\(^{+}\) channel-dependent module for electrical excitability of the vacuolar membrane.
Oxylipins are important biological active compounds that play essential roles in defense, growth, development, and reproduction of plants and animals. Oxylipins are formed either by enzymatic pathways or radical catalyzed reaction from polyunsaturated fatty acids. Products of oxidation of arachidonic acid (C20:4) in animals by enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways are prostaglandins and isoprostanes, respectively. In plants, radical catalyzed reaction of -linolenic acid (C18:3) forms phytoprostanes and enzymatic oxidation of this fatty acid produces OPDA and jasmonic acid. Like plants, cyanobacterial membranes contain a high ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid, about 25% of total fatty acids. Oxylipin biosynthesis and function was studied in two model cyanobacteria, Anabaena PCC 7120 and Synechocystis PCC 6803, for the first time: 1. The filamentous cyanobaterium Anabaena PCC 7120 can naturally produce phytoprostanes type I and II as well as hydroxy fatty acids like in plants but lacks the enzymatic capacity to form jasmonates (12-oxo-phytodienoic acid and jasmonic acid) and prostaglandins. Data obtained provide the first evidence for the occurence of phytoprostanes in cyanobacteria as well as in the baterial kingdom. 2. By GC-MS analysis, the E1- and F1-phytoprostanes in Anabaena PCC 7120 were detected both in free and esterified form. Their levels are comparable with those in plants, in the range of ng/g DW. In one week old cultures, there was no evidence of PPF1 in the medium but its level accumulated up to 142 ng/l in six weeks old cultures. In contrast, PPE1 was stable over time, about 20 ng/g DW. Free cellular PPE1 was found about 4 times higher than that of PPF1, 80.5  23.6 and 24.1  10.9 ng/g DW, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the total cellular levels of PPF1 and PPE1, ranging from 150 to about 200 ng/g DW. 3. Phytoprostanes are inducible in Anabaena. In the combination of oxidative stress (200 µM H2O2 or 10 µM CuSO4) with high light intensity (330 µE.m-2.s-1) for 8 h, levels of total cellular PPE1 and PPF1 were increased about 2 to 4 times. Interestingly, unlike in higher plants, application of oxidative stress or high light intensity alone showed no phytoprostaneous induction in this cyanobacterium. 4. When Anabaena cells were treated with phytoprostanes, Anabaena cells became remarkably resistant against subsequently applied – otherwise lethal – oxidative stress. All phytoprostanes displayed a high protective effect except for PPE1. The highest protection level was contributed by a mixture of PPA1 type I and II. After preincubation of Anabena cells with 100 µM PPA1–type I/II for 16 h followed by application of 1 mM H2O2 or 50 µM CuSO4 for 5 h, A1-phytoprostane pre-treatment protected 84.2% and 77.5% of the cells from cell death, respectively. Without oxylipins pre-treatment, about 98% of the cells were dead. Surprisingly, preincubation of Anabaena with other oxylipins derived from enzymatic pathway in plants and animals showed also an effect, however, the protection effect was low and ranged from 10 to 30%. In contrast, phytoprostanes did not protect Pseudomonas syringae and Escherichia coli from the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide. However, these bacteria do not synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids and are therefore devoid of and not exposed to endogenously formed oxidized lipids. 5. Exogenous application of 100 µM PPF1 or 1.5 mM H2O2 for 90 min did not activate the expression of isiA in Anabaena. Oxylipins also displayed no effect on shinorine and tocopherol levels in Anabaena. However, application of 100 µM PPF1 for 6 h altered the protein expression in Anabaena. Most PPF1-modulated proteins are down-regulated and related to photosynthesis. Since oxidative stress only in combination with high light intensity increased lipid peroxidation, down-regulation of photosynthesis after recognition of oxidised lipids (phytoprostanes) may be a survival strategy of Anabaena to avoid damage by peroxidized lipids. 6. Dead plants may be the main source of (exogenous) phytoprostanes in the natural environment of Anabaena. Dry hay releases PPE1 and PPF1 (11 µg/g DW) into an aqueous environment. Anabaena is the typical cyanobacterium in paddy rice fields. After harvesting, most of uneconomical parts of rice plants are abundant on the field, which may release phytoprostanes that in turn might have an impact on cyanobacteria in the rice ecosystems. However, field research is needed to clarify this suspection. 7. A new class of oxylipins, phytoprostanes type III and IV, was identified and quantified in vitro. The two main phytoprostanes, PPE1 and PPF1 (type III and IV), can be obtained by autoxidation of -linolenic acid or Borage oil (containing 25% esterified -linolenic acid). After 12 days of autoxidation and subsequent hydrolysis, 1 g of Borage oil yielded 112.71 ± 1.93 µg of PPF1 and 3.80 ± 0.14 mg of PPE1. PPB1 and PPA1 (type III and IV) were prepared by isomerization and dehydration of PPE1 (type III and IV). The overall yield of PPB1 was 1.71 ± 0.04 mg/g oil (type III) and 2.09 ± 0.12 mg/g oil (type IV). Those of PPA1 were 8.38 ± 0.35 µg/g and 10.18 ± 0.30 µg/oil, respectively. 8. A rapid HPLC-MS/MS method for phytoprostane and phytohormone analysis has been developed. This method was applied to quantify free and esterified E1- and F1-phytoprostanes type III and IV in Synechocystis PCC 6803. The in vivo phytoprostanes type III and IV are present both in free and esterified form. The total cellular level of PPE1 type III and IV in Synechocystis is at least 2 times higher than that of PPF1. Unlike Anabaena, PPE1 and PPF1 were detectable in the medium of one week old Synechocystis cultures. Free levels of PPF1 in the medium (231.8 ± 36.2 ng/l) and in the cells (164.9 ± 15.2 ng/g DW) are lower than those of PPE1 (1003.3 ± 365.2 ng/l and 2331.0 ± 87.7 ng/g DW).
The diversity of actinomycetes associated with marine sponges collected off Fsar Reef (Saudi Arabia) was investigated in the present study. Forty-seven actinomycetes were cultivated and phylogenetically identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and were assigned to 10 different actinomycete genera. Eight putatively novel species belonging to genera Kocuria, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Rhodococcus were identified based on sequence similarity values below 98.2% to other 16S rRNA gene sequences available in the NCBI database. PCR-based screening for biosynthetic genes including type I and type II polyketide synthases (PKS-I, PKS-II) as well as nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) showed that 20 actinomycete isolates encoded each at least one type of biosynthetic gene. The organic extracts of nine isolates displayed bioactivity against at least one of the test pathogens, which were Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, human parasites, as well as in a West Nile Virus protease enzymatic assay. These results emphasize that marine sponges are a prolific resource for novel bioactive actinomycetes with potential for drug discovery.