Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (61)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (61)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (61)
Language
- English (61) (remove)
Keywords
- ischemic stroke (6)
- cochlear implantation (3)
- mechanical thrombectomy (3)
- neutrophils (3)
- thrombo-inflammation (3)
- 3D fluoroscopy (2)
- Childhood medulloblastoma (2)
- Clinical Neuroradiology (2)
- Radiotherapy (2)
- acute ischemic stroke (2)
- aortic arch (2)
- atherosclerosis (2)
- cerebellar tDCS (2)
- chemotherapy (2)
- editorial (2)
- fpVCT (2)
- immunohistochemistry (2)
- intraoperative imaging (2)
- ischemic penumbra (2)
- magnetic resonance imaging (2)
- middle cerebral artery occlusion (2)
- mouse (2)
- multiple sclerosis (2)
- neurology (2)
- radiotherapy (2)
- split-belt treadmill (2)
- stroke (2)
- surgery (2)
- temporal bone (2)
- three-dimensional imaging (2)
- 3 D rotational fluoroscopy (1)
- 3D analysis (1)
- 4D flow (1)
- 4D flow MRI (1)
- APERIO (1)
- APERIO Hybrid (1)
- AT/RT (1)
- Activation (1)
- Adolescents (1)
- Alemtuzumab (1)
- Alzheimer’s dementia (1)
- Atherosclerosis, intracranial arteries (1)
- B cells (1)
- B7-H1 Antigen (1)
- Brain atrophy (1)
- CD52 (1)
- CDL (1)
- CMR (1)
- CNS (1)
- CNS imaging (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CT (1)
- CTLA-4 Antigen (1)
- CXCL4 (1)
- CXCL7 (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Childrens-cancer (1)
- Chronic heart failure (1)
- Cisplatin (1)
- Clinical Genetics (1)
- Clinical trial (1)
- Cochlear duct length (1)
- Cochlear planning software (1)
- Cognitive decline (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- DWI (1)
- Down-regulation (1)
- Drug Therapy, Combination (1)
- EAE (1)
- EU‐RHAB Registry (1)
- Extraocular eye muscles (1)
- Fabry disease (1)
- Fibroblasts (1)
- GFAP (1)
- Gene (1)
- Glial fibrillary acidic protein (1)
- HD (1)
- HMGB1 (1)
- High-dose chemotherapy (1)
- Induced apoptosis (1)
- Lines (1)
- MPI (1)
- MPS (1)
- MR neurography (1)
- MRI (1)
- MS (1)
- MSCT (1)
- MTX (1)
- Medulloblastoma (1)
- Melanoma-cells (1)
- Memory dysfunction (1)
- Meniere’s disease (1)
- Metastases (1)
- Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIa (1)
- NAP-2 (1)
- NETs (1)
- NOAC (1)
- Orai2 (1)
- PET/CT (1)
- PF4 (1)
- PWV (1)
- Paediatric (1)
- Parkinson’s disease (1)
- Phase II trials (1)
- Phase-II (1)
- Primitive neuroectodermal (1)
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor (1)
- R-CHOP (1)
- Recurrent medulloblastoma (1)
- Reirradiation (1)
- Relapse (1)
- Rhabdoid 2007 (1)
- Rhabdomyosarcoma (1)
- Secondary tumours (1)
- Skin Neoplasms (1)
- Suprascapular nerve (1)
- Survival (1)
- T-cells (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Trial (1)
- Tumors (1)
- WSS (1)
- adverse events (1)
- age (1)
- anatomy (1)
- aneurysm (1)
- aneurysm surgery (1)
- angiography (1)
- balance (1)
- biochemical assays (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biomedical engineering (1)
- blood–brain barrier (1)
- bone imaging (1)
- brain cancer (1)
- brain endothelium (1)
- carotid atherosclerosis (1)
- carotid stenosis (1)
- carotid ultrasound (1)
- cerebral ischemia (1)
- cerebral vasospasm (1)
- cerebrovascular disorders (1)
- cervical dystonia (1)
- characterization and analytical techniques (1)
- chemokines (1)
- childhood cancer (1)
- children (1)
- cholinergic activity (1)
- classification (1)
- clinical trials (1)
- clip control (1)
- cognitive impairment (1)
- collateral circulation (1)
- compression syndrome (1)
- computed tomography (1)
- consolidation (1)
- continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) (1)
- contrast (1)
- cortical excitability (1)
- cortical silent period (1)
- crosslinked coating (1)
- degree of stenosis (1)
- diabetic polyneuropathy (1)
- diagnosis (1)
- diagnosis in Fabry disease (1)
- diagnostic delay (1)
- diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (1)
- disease risk-factors (1)
- dorsal root ganglion (1)
- editorial board (1)
- edoxaban (1)
- electrical and electronic engineering (1)
- electromagnetic navigation (1)
- electromyographic (1)
- encephalopathy (1)
- endoglin (1)
- endotheliitis (1)
- experimental stroke (1)
- facial nerve (1)
- fibromyalgia syndrome (1)
- fiducial registration error (1)
- flexible CO2 laser (1)
- flow (1)
- flow dynamics (1)
- fluoroscopy (1)
- frameless systems (1)
- functional MRI (1)
- gait (1)
- gene variant (1)
- genotype-phenotype correlation (1)
- genotype/phenotype correlation (1)
- german multicenter (1)
- giant cell arteritis (1)
- glycoprotein VI (1)
- glycoprotein receptor Ib (1)
- glycoprotein receptor Ibα (1)
- guality-of-life (1)
- heart failure (1)
- hemorrhagic transformation (1)
- hepatitis B virus (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- image quality (1)
- imaging (1)
- imaging agents (1)
- imaging changes (1)
- integrin α2 (1)
- interelectrode-distance (1)
- intracranial bleeding (1)
- intraoperative (1)
- intraventricular therapy (1)
- journal (1)
- jugular paraganglioma (1)
- large artery vasculitis (1)
- large vessel occlusion (1)
- laser surgery (1)
- lateral skull base (1)
- length of stenosis (1)
- leukocytes (1)
- levodopa-induced dyskinesia (1)
- locomotor adaptation (1)
- long-term survivors (1)
- lymphoma (1)
- lysosomal storage disease (1)
- magnetic properties (1)
- magnetic properties and materials (1)
- magnetic resonance neurography (1)
- mapping (1)
- mass index (1)
- medical imaging (1)
- medulloblastoma (1)
- mice (1)
- microscopy (1)
- motor-evoked potentials (MEP) (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- neck circumference (1)
- neurofilament light chain (1)
- neurological complications (1)
- neuropathic pain (1)
- neuropathy (1)
- neurosurgery (1)
- neurovascular disorders (1)
- onset craniopharyngioma (1)
- ophthalmic artery (1)
- optic nerve (1)
- orbit (1)
- otology (1)
- outcome (1)
- p.R245H (1)
- p.S298P (1)
- pediatric brain tumor (1)
- pediatric low‐grade glioma (1)
- peripheral nerve involvement (1)
- peripheral nervous system (1)
- phosphorylated tau protein (1)
- plaque (1)
- plaque characteristics (1)
- platelets (1)
- post-processing (1)
- prognosis (1)
- progression (1)
- proton beam therapy (1)
- pulse wave velocity (1)
- quantification (1)
- radial (1)
- re-irradiation (1)
- recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (1)
- recurrent (1)
- refractory (1)
- renal function (1)
- reperfusion injury (1)
- research activity (1)
- risk of fall (1)
- saccotomy (1)
- secondary reconstruction (1)
- self-navigation (1)
- shedding (1)
- shoulder neurolysis (1)
- software (1)
- stent-retriever device (1)
- stereotaxy (1)
- subarachnoid hemorrhage (1)
- subcutaneous adipose-tissue (1)
- suprascapular notch (1)
- surgical management of paraganglioma (1)
- tMCAO (1)
- thrombemboli (1)
- thromboemboli (1)
- to-height ratio (1)
- tomography (1)
- transcranial magnetic simulation (TMS) (1)
- transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (1)
- tympanic paraganglioma (1)
- tympanojugular paraganglioma (1)
- vasa vasorum (1)
- vertebral artery (1)
- vessel diameter (1)
- vessel patency (1)
- vestibular aqueduct (VA) (1)
- visceral adiposity (1)
- wall shear stress (1)
Institute
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Neuroradiologie (ehem. Abteilung für Neuroradiologie) (61) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
Background:
To study whether and how c-MYC expression determines response to radio-and chemotherapy in childhood medulloblastoma (MB).
Methods:
We used DAOY and UW228 human MB cells engineered to stably express different levels of c-MYC, and tested whether c-MYC expression has an effect on radio-and chemosensitivity using the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) assay, clonogenic survival, apoptosis assays, cell cycle analysis, and western blot assessment. In an effort to validate our results, we analyzed c-MYC mRNA expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from well-documented patients with postoperative residual tumor and compared c-MYC mRNA expression with response to radio-and chemotherapy as examined by neuroradiological imaging.
Results:
In DAOY -and to a lesser extent in UW228 -cells expressing high levels of c-MYC, the cytotoxicity of cisplatin, and etoposide was significantly higher when compared with DAOY/UW228 cells expressing low levels of c-MYC. Irradiation-and chemotherapy-induced apoptotic cell death was enhanced in DAOY cells expressing high levels of c-MYC. The response of 62 of 66 residual tumors was evaluable and response to postoperative radio-(14 responders (CR, PR) vs. 5 non-responders (SD, PD)) or chemotherapy (23 CR/PR vs. 20 SD/PD) was assessed. c-MYC mRNA expression was similar in primary MB samples of responders and non-responders (Mann-Whitney U test, p = 0.50, ratio 0.49, 95% CI 0.008-30.0 and p = 0.67, ratio 1.8, 95% CI 0.14-23.5, respectively).
Conclusions:
c-MYC sensitizes MB cells to some anti-cancer treatments in vitro. As we failed to show evidence for such an effect on postoperative residual tumors when analyzed by imaging, additional investigations in xenografts and larger MB cohorts may help to define the exact function of c-MYC in modulating response to treatment.
Background
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequent malignant intraorbital tumour in paediatric patients. Differentiation of tumour recurrence or metastases from post-therapeutic signal alteration can be challenging, using standard MR imaging techniques. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is increasingly considered a helpful supplementary imaging tool for differentiation of orbital masses.
Case presentation
We report on a 15-year-old female adolescent of Caucasian ethnicity who developed isolated bilateral thickening of extraocular eye muscles about two years after successful multimodal treatment of orbital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Intramuscular restricted diffusion was the first diagnostic indicator suggestive of metastatic disease to the eye muscles. DWI subsequently showed signal changes consistent with tumour progression, complete remission under chemoradiotherapy and tumour recurrence.
Conclusions
Restricted diffusivity is a strong early indicator of malignancy in orbital tumours. DWI can be the key to correct diagnosis in unusual tumour manifestations and can provide additional diagnostic information beyond standard MRI and PET/CT. Diffusion-weighted MRI is useful for monitoring therapy response and for detecting tumour recurrence.
Background
Mobile 3D fluoroscopes have become increasingly available in neurosurgical operating rooms. In this series, the image quality and value of intraoperative 3D fluoroscopy with intravenous contrast agent for the evaluation of aneurysm occlusion and vessel patency after clip placement was assessed in patients who underwent surgery for intracranial aneurysms.
Materials and methods
Twelve patients were included in this retrospective analysis. Prior to surgery, a 360° rotational fluoroscopy scan was performed without contrast agent followed by another scan with 50 ml of intravenous iodine contrast agent. The image files of both scans were transferred to an Apple PowerMac® workstation, subtracted and reconstructed using OsiriX® free software. The procedure was repeated after clip placement. Both image sets were compared for assessment of aneurysm occlusion and vessel patency.
Results
Image acquisition and contrast administration caused no adverse effects. Image quality was sufficient to follow the patency of the vessels distal to the clip. Metal artifacts reduce the assessability of the immediate vicinity of the clip. Precise image subtraction and post-processing can reduce metal artifacts and make the clip-site assessable and depict larger neck-remnants.
Conclusion
This technique quickly supplies images at adequate quality to evaluate distal vessel patency after aneurysm clipping. Significant aneurysm remnants may be depicted as well. As it does not require visual control of all vessels that are supposed to be evaluated intraoperatively, this technique may be complementary to other intraoperative tools like indocyanine green videoangiography and micro-Doppler, especially for the assessment of larger aneurysms. At the momentary state of this technology, it cannot replace postoperative conventional angiography. However, 3D fluoroscopy and image post-processing are young technologies. Further technical developments are likely to result in improved image quality.
Context:
Hypothalamic obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and relapse/progression have a major impact on prognosis in childhood-onset craniopharyngioma (CP). We analyzed nuchal skinfold thickness (NST) on magnetic resonance imaging performed for follow-up monitoring as a novel parameter for body composition (BC) and CVD in CP.
Objective:
The objective of the study was to identify the association of NST with body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (WHtR), functional capacity, and blood pressure (BP) in CP and controls.
Design:
This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal prospective study in CP patients. Setting: The study was conducted at HIT-Endo, KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2000/2007.
Patients:
Participants included 94 CP patients and 75 controls.
Interventions:
There were no interventions.
Main Outcome Measures:
Association of NST with BC and BP in 43 CP and 43 controls was measured.
Results:
NST correlated with BMI SD score (SDS; r = 0.78; P = .001; n = 169) and WHtR (r = 0.85; P = .001; n = 86) in the total cohort and CP patients (NST-BMI SDS: r = 0.77, P = .001, n = 94); NST-WHtR: r = 0.835, P = .001, n = 43) and controls (NST-BMI SDS: r = 0.792, P = .001, n = 75; NST-WHtR: r = 0.671, P = .001, n = 43). In CP, systolic BP correlated with NST (r = 0.575, P = .001), BMI SDS (r = 0.434, P = .004), and WHtR (r = 0.386, P = .011). Similar results were observed for diastolic BP in CP. In multivariate analyses, NST had a predictive value for hypertension in postpubertal CP and controls (odds ratio 6.98, 95% confidence interval 1.65, 29.5], P = .008). During a longitudinal follow-up, changes in NST correlated with changes in BMI SDS (P = .001) and WHtR (P = .01) but not with changes in BP and functional capacity.
Conclusions:
Because monitoring of magnetic resonance imaging and BC is essential for follow-up in CP, NST could serve as a novel and clinically relevant parameter for longitudinal assessment of BC and CVD risk in CP.
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are characterized by mutations and subsequent inactivation of SMARCB1 (INI1, hSNF5), a predilection for very young children and an unfavorable outcome. The European Registry for rhabdoid tumors (EU‐RHAB) was established to generate a common European database and to establish a standardized treatment regimen as the basis for phase I/II trials. Thus, genetic analyses, neuropathologic and radiologic diagnoses, and a consensus treatment regimen were prospectively evaluated. From 2005 to 2009, 31 patients with AT/RT from four countries were recruited into the registry study Rhabdoid 2007 and treated with systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy. Eight patients received high‐dose chemotherapy, 23 radiotherapy, and 17 maintenance therapy. Reference evaluations were performed in 64% (genetic analyses, FISH, MLPA, sequencing) up to 97% (neuropathology, INI1 stain). Germ‐line mutations (GLM) were detected in 6/21 patients. Prolonged overall survival was associated with age above 3 years, radiotherapy and achievement of a complete remission. 6‐year overall and event‐free survival rates were 46% (±0.10) and 45% (±0.09), respectively. Serious adverse events and one treatment‐related death due to insufficiency of a ventriculo peritoneal shunt (VP‐shunt) and consecutive herniation were noted. Acquisition of standardized data including reference diagnosis and a standard treatment schedule improved data quality along with a survival benefit. Treatment was feasible with significant but manageable toxicity. Although our analysis is biased due to heterogeneous adherence to therapy, EU‐RHAB provides the best available basis for phase I/II clinical trials.
The HIT-SIOP-PNET4 randomised trial for standard risk medulloblastoma (MB) (2001-2006) included 338 patients and compared hyperfractionated and conventional radiotherapy. We here report the long-term outcome after a median follow up of 7.8 years, including detailed information on relapse and the treatment of relapse. Data were extracted from the HIT Group Relapsed MB database and by way of a specific case report form. The event-free and overall (OS) survival at 10 years were 76 +/- 2 % and 78 +/- 2 % respectively with no significant difference between the treatment arms. Seventy-two relapses and three second malignant neoplasms were reported. Thirteen relapses (18 %) were isolated local relapses in the posterior fossa (PF) and 59 (82 %) were craniospinal, metastatic relapses (isolated or multiple) with or without concurrent PF disease. Isolated PF relapse vs all other relapses occurred at mean/median of 38/35 and 28/26 months respectively (p = 0.24). Late relapse, i.e. > 5 years from diagnosis, occurred in six patients (8 %). Relapse treatment consisted of combinations of surgery (25 %), focal radiotherapy (RT 22 %), high dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue (HDSCR 21 %) and conventional chemotherapy (90 %). OS at 5 years after relapse was 6.0 +/- 4 %. In multivariate analysis; isolated relapse in PF, and surgery were significantly associated with prolonged survival whereas RT and HDSCR were not. Survival after relapse was not related to biological factors and was very poor despite several patients receiving intensive treatments. Exploration of new drugs is warranted, preferably based on tumour biology from biopsy of the relapsed tumour.
Serotonergic modulation of 'waiting impulsivity' is mediated by the impulsivity phenotype in humans
(2016)
In rodents, the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) has been established as a reliable measure of waiting impulsivity being defined as the ability to regulate a response in anticipation of reinforcement. Key brain structures are the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and prefrontal regions (for example, pre- and infralimbic cortex), which are, together with other transmitters, modulated by serotonin. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined 103 healthy males while performing the 5-CSRTT measuring brain activation in humans by means of a paradigm that has been widely applied in rodents. Subjects were genotyped for the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2; G-703T; rs4570625) variant, an enzyme specific for brain serotonin synthesis. We addressed neural activation patterns of waiting impulsivity and the interaction between the NAcc and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) using dynamic causal modeling. Genetic influence was examined via interaction analyses between the TPH2 genotype (GG homozygotes vs T allele carriers) and the degree of impulsivity as measured by the 5-CSRTT. We found that the driving input of the vmPFC was reduced in highly impulsive T allele carriers (reflecting a reduced top-down control) in combination with an enhanced response in the NAcc after correct target processing (reflecting an augmented response to monetary reward). Taken together, we found a high overlap of our findings with reports from animal studies in regard to the underlying cognitive processes, the brain regions associated with waiting impulsivity and the neural interplay between the NAcc and vmPFC. Therefore, we conclude that the 5-CSRTT is a promising tool for translational studies.
Objective: To investigate the association between levodopa‐induced dyskinesias and striatal cholinergic activity in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Methods: This study included 13 Parkinson's disease patients with peak‐of‐dose levodopa‐induced dyskinesias, 12 nondyskinetic patients, and 12 healthy controls. Participants underwent 5‐[\(^{123}\)I]iodo‐3‐[2(S)‐2‐azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine single‐photon emission computed tomography, a marker of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, [\(^{123}\)I]N‐ω‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane single‐photon emission computed tomography, to measure dopamine reuptake transporter density and 2‐[\(^{18}\)F]fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose positron emission tomography to assess regional cerebral metabolic activity. Striatal binding potentials, uptake values at basal ganglia structures, and correlations with clinical variables were analyzed.
Results: Density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the caudate nucleus of dyskinetic subjects was similar to that of healthy controls and significantly higher to that of nondyskinetic patients, in particular, contralaterally to the clinically most affected side.
Interpretation: Our findings support the hypothesis that the expression of dyskinesia may be related to cholinergic neuronal excitability in a dopaminergic‐depleted striatum. Cholinergic signaling would play a role in maintaining striatal dopaminergic responsiveness, possibly defining disease phenotype and progression.
Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) for which several new treatment options were recently introduced. Among them is the monoclonal anti-CD52 antibody alemtuzumab that depletes mainly B cells and T cells in the immune periphery. Considering the ongoing controversy about the involvement of B cells and in particular the formation of B cell aggregates in the brains of progressive MS patients, an in-depth understanding of the effects of anti-CD52 antibody treatment on the B cell compartment in the CNS itself is desirable.
Methods:
We used myelin basic protein (MBP)-proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 (B6) mice as B cell-dependent model of MS. Mice were treated intraperitoneally either at the peak of EAE or at 60 days after onset with 200 μg murine anti-CD52 vs. IgG2a isotype control antibody for five consecutive days. Disease was subsequently monitored for 10 days. The antigen-specific B cell/antibody response was measured by ELISPOT and ELISA. Effects on CNS infiltration and B cell aggregation were determined by immunohistochemistry. Neurodegeneration was evaluated by Luxol Fast Blue, SMI-32, and Olig2/APC staining as well as by electron microscopy and phosphorylated heavy neurofilament serum ELISA.
Results:
Treatment with anti-CD52 antibody attenuated EAE only when administered at the peak of disease. While there was no effect on the production of MP4-specific IgG, the treatment almost completely depleted CNS infiltrates and B cell aggregates even when given as late as 60 days after onset. On the ultrastructural level, we observed significantly less axonal damage in the spinal cord and cerebellum in chronic EAE after anti-CD52 treatment.
Conclusion:
Anti-CD52 treatment abrogated B cell infiltration and disrupted existing B cell aggregates in the CNS.
Background
Causality between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was reported in various studies. However, the implication of different virological serum markers of HBV infection in patients with both HBV infection and DLBCL is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of HBV markers on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with both HBV infection and DLBCL.
Methods
In this study, patients (n = 40) diagnosed with both HBV infection and DLBCL were identified between 2000 and 2017. Six patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection were excluded from this study. We retrospectively analyzed patients’ demographic characteristics, treatment, and the prognostic impact of different HBV markers at first diagnosis of DLBCL (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, and HBV-DNA) on OS and PFS.
Results
The majority of patients (n = 21, 62%) had advanced disease stage (III/IV) at diagnosis. In the first-line therapy, 24 patients (70%) were treated with R-CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone). HBeAg positive patients had a trend toward inferior OS and PFS compared with HBeAg negative patients. Anti-HBe positive patients had a statistically significant better OS and PFS compared with anti-HBe negative group (both P < .0001). Viremia with HBV-DNA ≥ 2 × 107 IU/L had a significant negative impact on OS and PFS (both P < .0001).
Conclusion
High activity of viral replication is associated with a poor survival outcome of patients with both HBV infection and DLBCL.