Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (50)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (50)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (50) (remove)
Language
- English (50) (remove)
Keywords
- virtual reality (8)
- human-computer interaction (3)
- XR (2)
- augmented reality (2)
- autobiographical memory (2)
- body weight modification (2)
- body weight perception (2)
- conversational agents (2)
- education (2)
- embodiment (2)
- eudaimonia (2)
- immersive technologies (2)
- measurement (2)
- media equation (2)
- metacognitive prompting (2)
- methodological pluralism (2)
- perception (2)
- presence (2)
- process mining (2)
- psychology (2)
- replication crisis (2)
- smart speaker (2)
- spatial presence (2)
- theory (2)
- transportation (2)
- user experience (2)
- AIME (1)
- COVID‐19 (1)
- Dark Factor of Personality (1)
- HeuristicsMiner algorithm (1)
- InteractionSuitcase (1)
- Norbert Groeben (1)
- RCT (1)
- XR-artificial intelligence combination (1)
- XR-artificial intelligence continuum (1)
- acceptance of gay men (1)
- advertising (1)
- advertising effectiveness (1)
- advertising effects (1)
- affective appraisal (1)
- agency (1)
- amount of invested mental effort (1)
- anamnesis tool (1)
- anime (1)
- anthropomorphism (1)
- artificial intelligence education (1)
- artificial intelligence literacy (1)
- attentional boost effect (1)
- avatar embodiment (1)
- behavior change (1)
- big five (1)
- biohybrid systems (1)
- biological development (1)
- blended learning (1)
- blinking (1)
- body awareness (1)
- body esteem (1)
- body image distortion (1)
- body image disturbance (1)
- body language (1)
- cardiac arrest documentation (1)
- cardiopulmonary resuscitation (1)
- clinical skills (1)
- coherence (1)
- colour (1)
- computer-mediated communication (1)
- computers as social actors (1)
- congruence (1)
- conspicuous consumption (1)
- conspiracy theories (1)
- content cluster (1)
- content-analysis (1)
- conversational agent (1)
- costly (1)
- cross-cultural comparison (1)
- cybersickness (1)
- definitions of psychology (1)
- desirable difficulties (1)
- digital age (1)
- digital game (1)
- digital health (1)
- diseases (1)
- disfluency (1)
- distance compression (1)
- dual function (1)
- e-Learning (1)
- earliest autobiographical memories (1)
- early memory (1)
- eating and body weight disorders (1)
- empathy (1)
- epistemic beliefs (1)
- evolutionary consumer psychology (1)
- experience (1)
- experience taking (1)
- expertise framing (Min5-Max 8) (1)
- explainable AI (1)
- explanation complexity (1)
- fan culture (1)
- force dynamics (1)
- foreign language learning and teaching (1)
- framework (1)
- gait analysis (1)
- gait modulation (1)
- game layers (1)
- gender differences (1)
- generative systems (1)
- genre (1)
- healthcare (1)
- hedonia (1)
- historical psychology (1)
- history of psychology (1)
- human learning (1)
- human-artificial intelligence interaction (1)
- human-artificial intelligence interface (1)
- human-centered AI (1)
- human-centered, human-robot (1)
- humanoid (1)
- humantechnology interaction (1)
- human–computer interaction (1)
- hyperpersonal communication (1)
- identification (1)
- image schemas (1)
- immersive advertising (1)
- implicit association test (1)
- incidental encoding (1)
- individual differences (1)
- instructional support (1)
- intelligent voice assistant (1)
- intention-behavior-gap (1)
- intentional encoding (1)
- inter-coder reliability (1)
- interaction (1)
- interactivity (1)
- intercultural learning and teaching (1)
- intervention design (1)
- intervention evaluation (1)
- intrasexual competition (1)
- kinematics (1)
- learning (1)
- learning outcome (1)
- life story (1)
- linguistic cues (1)
- literature review (1)
- loneliness (1)
- long-term analysis (1)
- luxury brands (1)
- manga (1)
- meal-concurrent media use (1)
- meaning (1)
- meaning-making (1)
- medical device training (1)
- meditation (1)
- men (1)
- mental health (1)
- metacognitive control (1)
- metacognitive judgments (1)
- metacognitive monitoring (1)
- metacomprehension (1)
- methods in psychology (1)
- micro-level analysis (1)
- mindfulness (1)
- mixed methods (1)
- mixed reality (1)
- mobile health intervention (1)
- multimedia learning (1)
- music (1)
- musical stereotypes (1)
- narratives (1)
- need satisfaction (1)
- new media (1)
- nicknames (1)
- no-flow fraction (1)
- nonverbal behavior (1)
- nonverbal communication (1)
- obstacle avoidance (1)
- online advertising (1)
- online dating (1)
- operationalism (1)
- otakuism (1)
- pain (1)
- parasocial relationship (1)
- perceptual long-term memory (1)
- personality judgments (1)
- place-illusion (1)
- plausibility (1)
- plausibility-illusion (1)
- posture (1)
- post‐truth (1)
- prediction (1)
- principle of inversion (1)
- process analysis (1)
- psychometrics (1)
- qualitative methods (1)
- quantitative methods (1)
- realism (1)
- reasoning (1)
- recommender agent (1)
- recommender system (1)
- research methods (1)
- robot (1)
- self (1)
- self-concept (1)
- self-infliction (1)
- self-perception of psychology (1)
- self-regulated learning (1)
- self‐regulated learning (1)
- sex differences (1)
- sex robots (1)
- shape (1)
- shyness (1)
- signaling (1)
- simulation (1)
- smart journaling (1)
- smart speakers (1)
- smartphone app (1)
- social VR (1)
- social comparison (1)
- social influence (1)
- social interaction (1)
- social media (1)
- social network sites (1)
- social psychology (1)
- social relationship (1)
- social role (1)
- statistical data (1)
- stereotype accuracy (1)
- stress (1)
- structure (1)
- systematic literature review (1)
- think-aloud data (1)
- thinking (1)
- think‐aloud data (1)
- total recall (1)
- trust (1)
- trustworthiness (1)
- uncanny valley (1)
- user interfaces (1)
- user-generated content (1)
- video games (1)
- virtual agent (1)
- virtual audience (1)
- virtual body ownership (1)
- virtual human (1)
- virtual stimuli (1)
- virtual-reality-continuum (1)
- visual long-term memory (1)
- visualization of technology (1)
- voice assistant (1)
- voice-based artificial intelligence (1)
- work (1)
Institute
- Institut Mensch - Computer - Medien (50) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
Virtual reality applications employing avatar embodiment typically use virtual mirrors to allow users to perceive their digital selves not only from a first-person but also from a holistic third-person perspective. However, due to distance-related biases such as the distance compression effect or a reduced relative rendering resolution, the self-observation distance (SOD) between the user and the virtual mirror might influence how users perceive their embodied avatar. Our article systematically investigates the effects of a short (1 m), middle (2.5 m), and far (4 m) SOD between users and mirror on the perception of their personalized and self-embodied avatars. The avatars were photorealistic reconstructed using state-of-the-art photogrammetric methods. Thirty participants repeatedly faced their real-time animated self-embodied avatars in each of the three SOD conditions, where they were repeatedly altered in their body weight, and participants rated the 1) sense of embodiment, 2) body weight perception, and 3) affective appraisal towards their avatar. We found that the different SODs are unlikely to influence any of our measures except for the perceived body weight estimation difficulty. Here, the participants perceived the difficulty significantly higher for the farthest SOD. We further found that the participants’ self-esteem significantly impacted their ability to modify their avatar’s body weight to their current body weight and that it positively correlated with the perceived attractiveness of the avatar. Additionally, the participants’ concerns about their body shape affected how eerie they perceived their avatars. The participants’ self-esteem and concerns about their body shape influenced the perceived body weight estimation difficulty. We conclude that the virtual mirror in embodiment scenarios can be freely placed and varied at a distance of one to four meters from the user without expecting major effects on the perception of the avatar.
Previous research suggested that people prefer to administer unpleasant electric shocks to themselves rather than being left alone with their thoughts because engagement in thinking is an unpleasant activity. The present research examined this negative reinforcement hypothesis by giving participants a choice of distracting themselves with the generation of electric shock causing no to intense pain. Four experiments (N = 254) replicated the result that a large proportion of participants opted to administer painful shocks to themselves during the thinking period. However, they administered strong electric shocks to themselves even when an innocuous response option generating no or a mild shock was available. Furthermore, participants inflicted pain to themselves when they were assisted in the generation of pleasant thoughts during the waiting period, with no difference between pleasant versus unpleasant thought conditions. Overall, these results question that the primary motivation for the self-administration of painful shocks is avoidance of thinking. Instead, it seems that the self-infliction of pain was attractive for many participants, because they were curious about the shocks, their intensities, and the effects they would have on them.
Obesity is a serious disease that can affect both physical and psychological well-being. Due to weight stigmatization, many affected individuals suffer from body image disturbances whereby they perceive their body in a distorted way, evaluate it negatively, or neglect it. Beyond established interventions such as mirror exposure, recent advancements aim to complement body image treatments by the embodiment of visually altered virtual bodies in virtual reality (VR). We present a high-fidelity prototype of an advanced VR system that allows users to embody a rapidly generated personalized, photorealistic avatar and to realistically modulate its body weight in real-time within a carefully designed virtual environment. In a formative multi-method approach, a total of 12 participants rated the general user experience (UX) of our system during body scan and VR experience using semi-structured qualitative interviews and multiple quantitative UX measures. Using body weight modification tasks, we further compared three different interaction methods for real-time body weight modification and measured our system’s impact on the body image relevant measures body awareness and body weight perception. From the feedback received, demonstrating an already solid UX of our overall system and providing constructive input for further improvement, we derived a set of design guidelines to guide future development and evaluation processes of systems supporting body image interventions.
Introduction
Modern digital devices, such as conversational agents, simulate human–human interactions to an increasing extent. However, their outward appearance remains distinctly technological. While research revealed that mental representations of technology shape users' expectations and experiences, research on technology sending ambiguous cues is rare.
Methods
To bridge this gap, this study analyzes drawings of the outward appearance participants associate with voice assistants (Amazon Echo or Google Home).
Results
Human beings and (humanoid) robots were the most frequent associations, which were rated to be rather trustworthy, conscientious, agreeable, and intelligent. Drawings of the Amazon Echos and Google Homes differed marginally, but “human,” “robotic,” and “other” associations differed with respect to the ascribed humanness, consciousness, intellect, affinity to technology, and innovation ability.
Discussion
This study aims to further elaborate on the rather unconscious cognitive and emotional processes elicited by technology and discusses the implications of this perspective for developers, users, and researchers.
Objective: Gait adaptation to environmental challenges is fundamental for independent and safe community ambulation. The possibility of precisely studying gait modulation using standardized protocols of gait analysis closely resembling everyday life scenarios is still an unmet need.
Methods: We have developed a fully-immersive virtual reality (VR) environment where subjects have to adjust their walking pattern to avoid collision with a virtual agent (VA) crossing their gait trajectory. We collected kinematic data of 12 healthy young subjects walking in real world (RW) and in the VR environment, both with (VR/A+) and without (VR/A-) the VA perturbation. The VR environment closely resembled the RW scenario of the gait laboratory. To ensure standardization of the obstacle presentation the starting time speed and trajectory of the VA were defined using the kinematics of the participant as detected online during each walking trial.
Results: We did not observe kinematic differences between walking in RW and VR/A-, suggesting that our VR environment per se might not induce significant changes in the locomotor pattern. When facing the VA all subjects consistently reduced stride length and velocity while increasing stride duration. Trunk inclination and mediolateral trajectory deviation also facilitated avoidance of the obstacle.
Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study shows that our VR/A+ paradigm effectively induced a timely gait modulation in a standardized immersive and realistic scenario. This protocol could be a powerful research tool to study gait modulation and its derangements in relation to aging and clinical conditions.
Objective
Global challenges such as climate change or the COVID‐19 pandemic have drawn public attention to conspiracy theories and citizens' non‐compliance to science‐based behavioral guidelines. We focus on individuals' worldviews about how one can and should construct reality (epistemic beliefs) to explain the endorsement of conspiracy theories and behavior during the COVID‐19 pandemic and propose the Dark Factor of Personality (D) as an antecedent of post‐truth epistemic beliefs.
Method and Results
This model is tested in four pre‐registered studies. In Study 1 (N = 321), we found first evidence for a positive association between D and post‐truth epistemic beliefs (Faith in Intuition for Facts, Need for Evidence, Truth is Political). In Study 2 (N = 453), we tested the model proper by further showing that post‐truth epistemic beliefs predict the endorsement of COVID‐19 conspiracies and disregarding COVID‐19 behavioral guidelines. Study 3 (N = 923) largely replicated these results at a later stage of the pandemic. Finally, in Study 4 (N = 513), we replicated the results in a German sample, corroborating their cross‐cultural validity. Interactions with political orientation were observed.
Conclusion
Our research highlights that epistemic beliefs need to be taken into account when addressing major challenges to humankind.
Presence is often considered the most important quale describing the subjective feeling of being in a computer-generated and/or computer-mediated virtual environment. The identification and separation of orthogonal presence components, i.e., the place illusion and the plausibility illusion, has been an accepted theoretical model describing Virtual Reality (VR) experiences for some time. This perspective article challenges this presence-oriented VR theory. First, we argue that a place illusion cannot be the major construct to describe the much wider scope of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality (VR, AR, MR: or XR for short). Second, we argue that there is no plausibility illusion but merely plausibility, and we derive the place illusion caused by the congruent and plausible generation of spatial cues and similarly for all the current model’s so-defined illusions. Finally, we propose congruence and plausibility to become the central essential conditions in a novel theoretical model describing XR experiences and effects.
With the increasing adaptability and complexity of advisory artificial intelligence (AI)-based agents, the topics of explainable AI and human-centered AI are moving close together. Variations in the explanation itself have been widely studied, with some contradictory results. These could be due to users’ individual differences, which have rarely been systematically studied regarding their inhibiting or enabling effect on the fulfillment of explanation objectives (such as trust, understanding, or workload). This paper aims to shed light on the significance of human dimensions (gender, age, trust disposition, need for cognition, affinity for technology, self-efficacy, attitudes, and mind attribution) as well as their interplay with different explanation modes (no, simple, or complex explanation). Participants played the game Deal or No Deal while interacting with an AI-based agent. The agent gave advice to the participants on whether they should accept or reject the deals offered to them. As expected, giving an explanation had a positive influence on the explanation objectives. However, the users’ individual characteristics particularly reinforced the fulfillment of the objectives. The strongest predictor of objective fulfillment was the degree of attribution of human characteristics. The more human characteristics were attributed, the more trust was placed in the agent, advice was more likely to be accepted and understood, and important needs were satisfied during the interaction. Thus, the current work contributes to a better understanding of the design of explanations of an AI-based agent system that takes into account individual characteristics and meets the demand for both explainable and human-centered agent systems.
The relevance of user experience in safety–critical domains has been questioned and lacks empirical investigation. Based on previous studies examining user experience in consumer technology, we conducted an online survey on positive experiences with interactive technology in acute care. The participants of the study consisted of anaesthesiologists, nurses, and paramedics (N = 55) from three German cities. We report qualitative and quantitative data examining (1) the relevance and notion of user experience, (2) motivational orientations and psychological need satisfaction, and (3) potential correlates of hedonic, eudaimonic, and extrinsic motivations such as affect or meaning. Our findings reveal that eudaimonia was the most salient aspect in these experiences and that the relevance of psychological needs is differently ranked than in experiences with interactive consumer technology. We conclude that user experience should be considered in safety–critical domains, but research needs to develop further tools and methods to address the domain-specific requirements.
When interacting with sophisticated digital technologies, people often fall back on the same interaction scripts they apply to the communication with other humans—especially if the technology in question provides strong anthropomorphic cues (e.g., a human-like embodiment). Accordingly, research indicates that observers tend to interpret the body language of social robots in the same way as they would with another human being. Backed by initial evidence, we assumed that a humanoid robot will be considered as more dominant and competent, but also as more eerie and threatening once it strikes a so-called power pose. Moreover, we pursued the research question whether these effects might be accentuated by the robot’s body size. To this end, the current study presented 204 participants with pictures of the robot NAO in different poses (expansive vs. constrictive), while also manipulating its height (child-sized vs. adult-sized). Our results show that NAO’s posture indeed exerted strong effects on perceptions of dominance and competence. Conversely, participants’ threat and eeriness ratings remained statistically independent of the robot’s depicted body language. Further, we found that the machine’s size did not affect any of the measured interpersonal perceptions in a notable way. The study findings are discussed considering limitations and future research directions.