Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (173)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (173)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (173) (remove)
Language
- English (173)
Keywords
- PET (22)
- positron emission tomography (21)
- prostate cancer (16)
- Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (15)
- theranostics (14)
- CXCR4 (13)
- PET/CT (12)
- PRRT (10)
- multiple myeloma (10)
- PSMA (9)
- dosimetry (8)
- neuroendocrine tumor (8)
- radioligand therapy (8)
- SPECT (7)
- molecular imaging (6)
- 53BP1 (5)
- chemokine receptor (5)
- FDG (4)
- NET (4)
- Parkinson’s disease (4)
- SSTR (4)
- biokinetics (4)
- inflammation (4)
- lymphoma (4)
- medicine (4)
- norepinephrine transporter (4)
- somatostatin receptor (4)
- sympathetic nervous system (4)
- γ-H2AX (4)
- 18F-FDG (3)
- 18F-FDG PET/CT (3)
- MRI (3)
- RADS (3)
- adrenocortical carcinoma (3)
- dopamine (3)
- imaging (3)
- machine learning (3)
- peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (3)
- prostate-specific membrane antigen (3)
- prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) (3)
- radioiodine therapy (3)
- radionuclide therapy (3)
- radiotherapy (3)
- salvage radiotherapy (3)
- 123I-mIBG (2)
- 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (2)
- 177Lu (2)
- 18F-FDS (2)
- 18F-LMI1195 (2)
- C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (2)
- DNA damage (2)
- DNA repair (2)
- DOTATOC (2)
- FDG PET/CT (2)
- MAG3 (2)
- MIBG (2)
- Oncology (2)
- PSMA I&T (2)
- PSMA-RADS (2)
- Parkinson's disease (2)
- Positron emission tomography (2)
- Prostate Cancer (2)
- Radionuclide Therapy (2)
- SPECT/CT (2)
- SUV (2)
- Thyroid cancer (2)
- [68Ga]PentixaFor (2)
- antidepressant (2)
- biodosimetry (2)
- biomarkers (2)
- bone disease (2)
- brain (2)
- cancer (2)
- cancer treatment (2)
- cardiac (2)
- cardiac innervation imaging (2)
- cardiac nerve (2)
- children (2)
- diabetes (2)
- endoradiotherapy (2)
- fibroblast activation protein (2)
- glioblastoma multiforme (2)
- guidelines (2)
- heart failure (2)
- immunohistochemistry (2)
- in vivo imaging (2)
- involvement (2)
- isotopes (2)
- kidney (2)
- magnetic resonance imaging (2)
- management (2)
- medullary thyroid carcinoma (2)
- metabolism (2)
- molecular medicine (2)
- myocardial sympathetic innervation imaging (2)
- nuclear medicine (2)
- personalized medicine (2)
- personalized treatment (2)
- positron emission tomography/computed tomography (2)
- precision medicine (2)
- prognosis (2)
- radial (2)
- radiopharmaceuticals (2)
- relapse (2)
- repair (2)
- reporting and data system (2)
- risk (2)
- sarcoidosis (2)
- somatostatin receptor (SSTR) (2)
- survival (2)
- thyroid cancer (2)
- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (2)
- vandetanib (2)
- 11C-HED (1)
- 11C-Hydroxyephedrine (1)
- 11C-Methionine PET/CT (1)
- 11C-hydroxyephedrine (1)
- 123I-Ioflupane (1)
- 177Lu SPECT/CT imaging (1)
- 18-F-fluorothymidine uptake (1)
- 18F-DCFPL (1)
- 18F-DCFPyL (1)
- 18F-flurpiridaz (1)
- 18FFBnTP (1)
- 1st International Workshop (1)
- 2- deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (1)
- 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (1)
- 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-sorbitol (1)
- 2015 (1)
- 223Ra (1)
- 224Ra (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- 5-Fluorouracil (1)
- 5IA-SPECT (1)
- 68Ga-DOTATATE/-TOC (1)
- 68Ga-PSMA ligand PET/CT (1)
- 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT (1)
- 99mTc-DTPA (1)
- <sup>18</sup>F-FDG (1)
- <sup>68</sup>Ga-Pentixafor (1)
- AI (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- American Thyroid Association (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antidepressants (1)
- Arginine (1)
- B-cell lymphoma (1)
- BON-1 (1)
- BRAF mutation (1)
- BRAF(V600E) mutation (1)
- BSS directive (1)
- Biokinetics (1)
- C-11-methionine pet (1)
- CD38 (1)
- CNS cancer (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- CTCAE (1)
- CTNNB1 (1)
- CXCR4-targeting (1)
- CXCR4/SDF-1 (1)
- CXCR7 (1)
- CYP11B enzymes (1)
- Capicua transcriptional repressor (1)
- Carbon-11 (1)
- Cardiology (1)
- Cardiovascular diseases (1)
- Central venous access (1)
- Chernobyl (1)
- Conjugate arc therapy (1)
- Cushing’s disease (1)
- Cushing’s syndrome (1)
- DCGAN (1)
- DLBCL (1)
- DNA Breaks (1)
- DNA Damage Repair (1)
- DNA double-strand breaks (1)
- DOPA-responsive-dystonia (1)
- DOTA-EB-TATE (1)
- DSB damage (1)
- DSB focus substructure (1)
- DWI (1)
- DYT1 (1)
- DaTscan (1)
- Deep learning (1)
- Denoising (1)
- Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals (1)
- Dosimetry (1)
- Drug resistance (1)
- Dystonia (1)
- EANM (1)
- EANM dosage card (1)
- ECG (1)
- Effective dose (1)
- Extramedullary disease (1)
- Extraocular eye muscles (1)
- F-18-FDG PET (1)
- FAP (1)
- FAPI PET/CT (1)
- FDG-PET (1)
- FDG-PET/CT (1)
- FDG-PET/MRI (1)
- FLT-PET (1)
- FV45 (1)
- Fabry Disease (FD) (1)
- GAN (1)
- GCA (1)
- GCH1 (1)
- GI (1)
- Ga-68 (1)
- Ganglia (1)
- Gastrointestinal (1)
- Gb3 and lyso-Gb3 biomarkers (1)
- German population (1)
- Gleason score (1)
- Glomerular filtration (1)
- HFmrEF (1)
- HMDP hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (1)
- Hamburg (1)
- Heart failure (1)
- Hickman catheter (1)
- Highlights Lecture (1)
- Hodgkin-lymphoma (1)
- Hyperkalaemia (1)
- IBA-1 (1)
- ICD (1)
- Imaging pitfalls (1)
- JR11 (1)
- Journal of Nuclear Cardiology (1)
- KWIC (1)
- Lu-177 (1)
- Lutetium (1)
- Lysine (1)
- MDD (1)
- MIBG scintigraphy (1)
- MOR202 (1)
- MPI (1)
- MS-18 (1)
- Magnetresonanztomografie (1)
- Matlab (1)
- Medullärer Schilddrüsenkrebs (1)
- Merkel cell carcinoma (1)
- Metastases (1)
- Molecular Imaging (1)
- Molecular imaging (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Multiple myeloma (1)
- Myeloma cells (1)
- Myelomas (1)
- Myocardial perfusion (1)
- Myocardial-perfusion SPECT (1)
- Myokarditis (1)
- NEC (1)
- NR3C1 (1)
- NVP-BGT226 (1)
- Neuroendocrine (1)
- Neuroendocrine Tumor (1)
- Neurosciences (1)
- Nierenfunktionsstörung (1)
- OPS201 (1)
- OXPHOS (1)
- P-glycoprotein expression (1)
- PET/MR systems (1)
- PMR (1)
- PSA (1)
- PSA response (1)
- PSMA PET/CT (1)
- PSMA-617 (1)
- PSMA-PET (1)
- PSMA-TV (1)
- PSMA‐617 (1)
- Parkinson disease (1)
- Parkinsonism (1)
- Parkionson's disease (1)
- Pediatric malignancy (1)
- Pentixafor (1)
- Phase-II (1)
- Physics and instrumentation (1)
- Pitfall (1)
- Port (1)
- Positron Emission Tomography (1)
- Positron-Emission Tomography (1)
- Positronenemissionstomografie (1)
- Preclinical evaluation (1)
- Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) (1)
- Prostata (1)
- Prostate-cancer (1)
- QGP-1 (1)
- RLT (1)
- ROS (1)
- Ra-224 (1)
- Radiofluorine (1)
- Radioiodine Therapy (1)
- Radionuclide therapy (1)
- Radiopharmacy (1)
- Radiotracer (1)
- Radium (1)
- Raman micro-spectroscopy (1)
- Rhabdomyosarcoma (1)
- SAH (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 (1)
- SPECT Scanner (1)
- SSTR-PET (1)
- SSTR-RADS (1)
- Simvastatin (1)
- Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM) (1)
- Single-Photon-Emissions-Computertomographie (1)
- Sodium-Glucose Cotransporters (SGLTs) (1)
- Somatostatin receptor expression (1)
- Stammzelle (1)
- Standardisierung (1)
- T-shaped π-π stacking (1)
- T-shaped π–π stacking (1)
- T1rho (1)
- T1ρ (1)
- TBI (1)
- TKI (1)
- TSPO (1)
- TT\(_{1rho}\) mapping (1)
- T\(_{1P}\) dispersion (1)
- T\(_{1P}\) mapping (1)
- Targeted therapy (1)
- Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi Rats (1)
- Thrombosis (1)
- Tracer (1)
- USP28 (1)
- USP8 (1)
- Virchow Node (1)
- WB-DW-MRI (1)
- Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring (1)
- Wnt (1)
- ZDF rats (1)
- [11C]-Choline PET/CT (1)
- [11C]-Methionine (1)
- [177Lu]-DOTATATE/-DOTATOC (1)
- [177Lu]/[90Y]PentixaTher (1)
- [177Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T (1)
- [177Lu]PentixaTher (1)
- [18F]FDG PET/CT (1)
- [18F]FDG-PET-CT (1)
- [18F]Fluorodeoxythymidine (1)
- [68Ga] (1)
- [68Ga]DOTATOC (1)
- [68Ga]Pentixafor (1)
- [90Y]PentixaTher (1)
- [99mTc]-Sestamibi scan (1)
- [\(^{223}\)Ra]RaCl\(_{2}\) (1)
- [\(^{68}\)Ga] Pentixafor (1)
- [\(^{68}\)Ga] pentixafor (1)
- [\(^{68}\)Ga]Ga-FAPI (1)
- [\(^{68}\)Ga]Pentixafor (1)
- \(^{11}\)C-Methionine-PET (1)
- \(^{11}\)C-methionine (1)
- \(^{177}\)Lu (1)
- \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201 (1)
- \(^{18}\)F (1)
- \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL PET/CT (1)
- \(^{18}\)F-FDG (1)
- \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT (1)
- \(^{18}\)F-PSMA-1007 (1)
- \(^{18}\)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (1)
- \(^{68}\)Ga (1)
- \(^{68}\)Ga-Pentixafor (1)
- \(^{99m}\)Tc-MAG3 (1)
- abdominal lymph node metastases (1)
- absorbed dose (1)
- absorbed dose to the blood (1)
- accuracy (1)
- acute myeloid leukemia (1)
- acute renal failure (1)
- adenocarcinoma of the lung (1)
- adrenal incidentaloma (1)
- adrenocortical (1)
- adsorption (1)
- advanced stages (1)
- ageing (1)
- agreement (1)
- alpha particles (1)
- alpha-emitters (1)
- amino acids (1)
- amyloid-β (Aβ) (1)
- analysis (1)
- androgen deprivation therapy (1)
- angiogenesis (1)
- angiotensin II type 1 receptor (1)
- antagonist (1)
- anthropometric measurements (1)
- areas (1)
- arrhythmia (1)
- artificial intelligence (1)
- association (1)
- attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (1)
- autoimmune thyroiditis (1)
- autologous transplantation (1)
- autoradiography (1)
- basal ganglia (1)
- base of support (1)
- benzylguanidine (1)
- beta oscillations (1)
- biological dosimetry (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biosynthesis (1)
- blood (1)
- blood flow (1)
- bone marrow cells (1)
- bone-marrow (1)
- bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals (1)
- brain metabolic alterations (1)
- brain tumors (1)
- breast cancer (1)
- buparlisib (1)
- butyrylcholinesterase (1)
- c-MYC (1)
- calcitonin (1)
- cancer associated fibroblasts (1)
- cancer of unknown primary (CUP) (1)
- cancer-associated fibroblast (1)
- carbamate (1)
- carboxylation (1)
- carcinoma (1)
- carcinoma metastases to pancreas (1)
- cardiac neurohormonal system (1)
- cardiac sympathetic nerve system (1)
- cardiac sympathetic nervous system (1)
- cardiomyocytes (1)
- cardioprotective potential (1)
- cardiovascular diseases (1)
- caudate nucleus (1)
- cell biology (1)
- cell staining (1)
- cells (1)
- cerebral gliomas (1)
- chemokine receptor-4 (1)
- childhood and adolescence (1)
- cholinergic activity (1)
- chromatin mobility (1)
- clinical diagnosis (1)
- coefficient (1)
- cognitive decline (1)
- coherence analysis (1)
- coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy (1)
- collagens (1)
- collimator (1)
- combination (1)
- comparability (1)
- complex DNA damage (1)
- computational biology and bioinformatics (1)
- contractility (1)
- contrast agent (1)
- coronary artery disease (1)
- correction (1)
- criteria (1)
- damage (1)
- daratumumab (1)
- data analysis (1)
- delineation (1)
- dementia (1)
- depression (1)
- detection rate (1)
- diabetic cardiomyopathy (1)
- diagnostic medical radiation exposure (1)
- diagnostics (1)
- differentiated thyroid cancer (1)
- differentiated thyroid carcinoma (1)
- diffuse (1)
- diffusion weighted MRI (1)
- diffusion weighted mri (1)
- dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (1)
- disease (1)
- dissection (1)
- distant metastases (1)
- dopamine acetylcholine (1)
- dopamine transporter (DAT) (1)
- dose response (1)
- double-stranded (1)
- drug discovery (1)
- early response (1)
- editorial (1)
- ejection fraction (1)
- endocrinology (1)
- enzyme kinetics (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- esophagogastric junction (1)
- evans blue (1)
- exome sequencing (1)
- experience (1)
- exposure (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extramedullary hematopoiesis (1)
- fatty acid (1)
- flare phenomenon (1)
- fluorine-18 (1)
- focal (1)
- focused surgical approach (1)
- folinic acid (1)
- follicular lymphoma (1)
- follow-up (1)
- free‐breathing (1)
- gait initiation (1)
- gamma rays (1)
- gefitinib (1)
- gemcitabine (1)
- genetics (1)
- giant cell arteritis (1)
- glioblastoma (1)
- glioma (1)
- glomerular filtration rate (1)
- glucocorticoid excess (1)
- harmonization of SPECT/CT imaging (1)
- head and neck cancer (1)
- health care (1)
- healthy volunteers (1)
- heart (1)
- heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (1)
- heart-to-mediastinum ratio (1)
- hematotoxicity (1)
- heptacellular carcinoma (1)
- hiPSC-CM (1)
- high LET irradiation (1)
- high risk (1)
- histone H2AX (1)
- humans (1)
- hypercortisolism (1)
- hyperkalemia (1)
- hypothyroidism (1)
- imaging proliferation (1)
- imaging techniques (1)
- immune check inhibitor (1)
- immune infiltration (1)
- immunostaining (1)
- improves (1)
- in vivo formation (1)
- in-vivo (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- inhibition (1)
- initial experience (1)
- international multicenter comparison exercise (1)
- intraindividual comparison (1)
- iodine contrast (1)
- iodine nutrition (1)
- iodine-131 (1)
- irinotecan (1)
- irradiation (1)
- isotopic labelling (1)
- kidney function (1)
- kinase inhibitor (1)
- late response (1)
- left-ventricular function (1)
- lesions (1)
- leukocytes (1)
- levodopa-induced dyskinesia (1)
- linear conversion (1)
- locally advanced disease (1)
- long-term complications (1)
- long-term outcome (1)
- lung (1)
- lung and intrathoracic tumors (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lutetium-177 (1)
- mRNA (1)
- macrophages (1)
- macroscopic recurrence (1)
- major depressive disorder (1)
- malignancies (1)
- malignant lymphoma (1)
- mammalian target of rapamycin (1)
- mapping (1)
- matched pair (1)
- mechanisms retention (1)
- medium-sized animals (1)
- medullary thyroid cancer (1)
- meningioma (1)
- metabolic tumor volume (MTV) (1)
- metabolic tumour volume (MTV) (1)
- metastasis-directed therapy (1)
- methionine (1)
- methionine pet (1)
- methylation (1)
- methylphenidate (1)
- miRNA (1)
- mice (1)
- microenvironment (1)
- microglial cells (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- molecular biology (1)
- molecular diagnostics (1)
- molecular radiotherapy (1)
- molecular radiotherapy (MRT) (1)
- motor control (1)
- mouse (1)
- movement disorders (1)
- multiple system atrophy (1)
- multivariate data analysis (1)
- myocardial nerve (1)
- myocardial perfusion imaging (1)
- myocarditis (1)
- nab-paclitaxel (1)
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy (1)
- nephrology (1)
- nephrotoxicity (1)
- neuroblastoma (1)
- neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) (1)
- neuroendocrine tumor (NET) (1)
- neuroendocrine tumors (1)
- neuroendocrine tumors (NET) (1)
- neuroinflammation (1)
- neurology (1)
- nicotinic receptors (1)
- nitrate and thyroid carcinogenesis (1)
- non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1)
- non-hodgkins-lymphoma (1)
- nonhuman primates (1)
- nuclear cardiology (1)
- nuclear medicine therapy (1)
- oligorecurrence (1)
- ollimator (1)
- optimization (1)
- organic cation transporter (1)
- osteoporosis (1)
- other radiation exposure (atomic bombing/nuclear accidents) (1)
- outcomes research (1)
- overall survival (1)
- oxaliplatin (1)
- pancreas (1)
- pancreatic cancer (1)
- papillary (1)
- papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (1)
- parathyroid adenoma (1)
- parathyroid carcinoma (1)
- pattern (1)
- pediatric patients (1)
- pediatric thyroid cancer after Chernobyl and Fukushima (1)
- pembrolizumab (1)
- peptide receptor (1)
- performance (1)
- peripheral injury (1)
- peripheral nervous system (1)
- phaeochromocytoma (1)
- phantom (1)
- phenethylguanidine (1)
- phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (1)
- phosphorylation (1)
- photons (1)
- pig model (1)
- pleural mesothelioma (1)
- polymyalgia rheumatica (1)
- pooled (1)
- positron-emission-tomography (1)
- post-reconstruction filtering (1)
- power-station accident (1)
- preclinical imaging (1)
- prediction (1)
- preoperative localization (1)
- primary hyperparathyroidism (1)
- prognostic value (1)
- progression (1)
- prostate-specific antigen (1)
- pulmonary imaging (1)
- quality (1)
- quantification (1)
- quantitative MRI (1)
- quantitative SPECT/CT (1)
- quantitative imaging (1)
- radiation (1)
- radiation effects (1)
- radiobiology (1)
- radiochemistry (1)
- radiogenomics (1)
- radioiodine (1)
- radiotracer (1)
- radiotracer kinetics (1)
- radiotracers (1)
- radium (1)
- rats (1)
- recurrence (1)
- recurrent prostate cancer (1)
- refractory (1)
- renal (1)
- renal failure (1)
- renal function (1)
- renal imaging (1)
- renal scintigraphy (1)
- renin-angiotensin system (1)
- repeat surgery (1)
- repeated surgery (1)
- reporting and data systems (1)
- response evaluation (1)
- responsivity (1)
- rising incidence of thyroid cancer (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- scanner (1)
- screening and overdiagnosis (1)
- second hit (1)
- second primary malignancy (1)
- secondary lung tumors (1)
- self‐gated (1)
- selpercatinib (1)
- sepsis (1)
- sigma-1 receptor-directed molecular imaging (1)
- signal to noise ratio (1)
- signaling pathway (1)
- simultaneous integrated boost (1)
- single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (1)
- single photon emission computed tomography: sympathetic nerve (1)
- skeletal (1)
- skin biopsy (1)
- skin hemagioma (1)
- small animal (1)
- small animal SPECT (1)
- small-animal imaging (1)
- smoldering myeloma (1)
- software (1)
- solid tumors (1)
- somatostatin (1)
- somatostatin receptors (1)
- sorbents (1)
- spin lock (1)
- spin-lock (1)
- spleen (1)
- split renal function (1)
- staging (1)
- standardization (1)
- standardization of SPECT/CT imaging (1)
- standardized reporting system (1)
- statin (1)
- stem cell therapy (1)
- stem cells (1)
- stem-cell research (1)
- stem-cell transplantation (1)
- stimulation (1)
- storage vesicle turnover (1)
- striatum (1)
- stroke (1)
- structure–activity relationships (1)
- subthalamic nucleus (1)
- super ultraviolet (1)
- surgery (1)
- surgical treatment (1)
- target (1)
- taxane (1)
- therapeutic medical radiation exposure (EBRT/ RAI) (1)
- therapeutic target (1)
- thyroid (1)
- thyroid carcinoma (TC) (1)
- thyroid carcinomas (1)
- total lesion PSMA (1)
- total lesion glycolysis (TLG) (1)
- total lesion methionine uptake (TLMU) (1)
- traceability of SPECT/CT imaging (1)
- tracer (1)
- trachea (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- treatment (1)
- treatment response (1)
- trial (1)
- tumor (1)
- tumor burden (1)
- tumor heterogeneity (1)
- tumor microenvironment (1)
- unilateral ureteral obstruction (1)
- urology (1)
- valsartan (1)
- various cancer diseases (1)
- vasculature (1)
- vasculitis (1)
- vemurafenib (1)
- vestibular schwannoma (1)
- wave‐CAIPI (1)
- weight drop (1)
- whole body MRI (1)
- whole-body (1)
- young females (1)
- α-Emitter (1)
- α-Particle (1)
- α-emitter (1)
- β-catenin (1)
- γ-h2ax (1)
Institute
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin (173) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (11)
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (4)
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany (1)
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Research Center, Suita, Japan (1)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kanazawa University (1)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany (1)
- Department of Paediatric Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Wuerzburg 97080, Germany (1)
- Division of Medical Technology and Science, Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Course of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita Japan (1)
- Institut for Molecular Biology and CMBI, Department of Genomics, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (1)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine (1)
Background
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is applied in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors. Co-infused amino acids (AA) should prevent nephrotoxicity. The aims of this study were to correlate the incidence of AA-induced hyperkalemia (HK) (≥5.0 mmol/l) and to identify predictors of AA-induced severe HK (>6.0).
Methods
In 38 patients, standard activity of \(^{177}Lu\)-labelled somatostatin analogs was administered. Pre-therapeutic kidney function was assessed by renal scintigraphy and laboratory tests. For kidney protection, AA was co-infused. Biochemical parameters (potassium, glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sodium, phosphate, chloride, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) were obtained prior to 4 and 24 h after the AA infusion. Incidence of HK (≥5.0) was correlated with pre-therapeutic kidney function and serum parameters. Formulas for the prediction of severe hyperkalemia (>6.0) were computed and prospectively validated.
Results
At 4 h, HK (≥5.0) was present in 94.7% with severe HK (>6.0) in 36.1%. Values normalized after 24 h in 84.2%. Pre-therapeutic kidney function did not correlate with the incidence of severe HK.
Increases in K+ were significantly correlated with decreases in phosphate (r = −0.444, p < 0.005) and increases in BUN (r = 0.313, p = 0.056). A baseline BUN of >28 mg/dl had a sensitivity of 84.6% and a specificity of 60.0% (AUC = 0.75) in predicting severe HK of >6.0 (phosphate, AUC = 0.37).
Computing of five standard serum parameters (potassium, BUN, sodium, phosphate, LDH) resulted in a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 79.3% for the prediction of severe HK >6.0 (accuracy = 81.6%).
Conclusions
A combination of serum parameters predicted prospectively the occurrence of relevant HK with an accuracy of 81.6% underlining its potential utility for identifying ‘high-risk’ patients prone to PRRT.
Background
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) have been shown to promote malignant growth and to correlate with poor prognosis. [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-NN′,N″,N′″-tetraacetic acid]-d-Phe1,Tyr3-octreotate (DOTATATE) labeled with Gallium-68 selectively binds to somatostatin receptor 2A (SSTR2A) which is specifically expressed and up-regulated in activated macrophages. On the other hand, the role of SSTR2A expression on the cell surface of glioma cells has not been fully elucidated yet. The aim of this study was to non-invasively assess SSTR2A expression of both glioma cells as well as macrophages in GBM.
Methods
15 samples of patient-derived GBM were stained immunohistochemically for macrophage infiltration (CD68), proliferative activity (Ki67) as well as expression of SSTR2A. Anti-CD45 staining was performed to distinguish between resident microglia and tumor-infiltrating macrophages. In a subcohort, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using \(^{68}Ga-DOTATATE\) was performed and the semiquantitatively evaluated tracer uptake was compared to the results of immunohistochemistry.
Results
The amount of microglia/macrophages ranged from <10% to >50% in the tumor samples with the vast majority being resident microglial cells. A strong SSTR2A immunostaining was observed in endothelial cells of proliferating vessels, in neurons and neuropile. Only faint immunostaining was identified on isolated microglial and tumor cells. Somatostatin receptor imaging revealed areas of increased tracer accumulation in every patient. However, retention of the tracer did not correlate with immunohistochemical staining patterns.
Conclusion
SSTR2A seems not to be overexpressed in GBM samples tested, neither on the cell surface of resident microglia or infiltrating macrophages, nor on the surface of tumor cells. These data suggest that somatostatin receptor directed imaging and treatment strategies are less promising in GBM.
SIRT Was Given Short Shrift
(2014)
We investigated in vivo brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) distribution in cognitively intact subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) at an early stage of the disease. Fourteen patients and 13 healthy subjects were imaged with single photon emission computed tomography and the radiotracer 5-[(123)I]iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine ([(123)I]5IA). Patients were selected according to several criteria, including short duration of motor signs (<7 years) and normal scores at an extensive neuropsychological evaluation. In PD patients, nAChR density was significantly higher in the putamen, the insular cortex and the supplementary motor area and lower in the caudate nucleus, the orbitofrontal cortex, and the middle temporal gyrus. Disease duration positively correlated with nAChR density in the putamen ipsilateral (ρ = 0.56, p < 0.05) but not contralateral (ρ = 0.49, p = 0.07) to the clinically most affected hemibody. We observed, for the first time in vivo, higher nAChR density in brain regions of the motor and limbic basal ganglia circuits of subjects with PD. Our findings support the notion of an up-regulated cholinergic activity at the striatal and possibly cortical level in cognitively intact PD patients at an early stage of disease.
Background: Dual phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition offers an attractive therapeutic strategy in anaplastic large cell lymphoma depending on oncogenic nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) signaling. We tested the efficacy of a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, NVP-BGT226 (BGT226), in two anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell lines in vitro and in vivo and performed an early response evaluation with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using the standard tracer, 2-deoxy-2-[F-18] fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) and the thymidine analog, 3'-deoxy-3'-[F-18] fluorothymidine (FLT).
Methods: The biological effects of BGT226 were determined in vitro in the NPM-ALK positive cell lines SU-DHL-1 and Karpas299 by 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, propidium iodide staining, and biochemical analysis of PI3K and mTOR downstream signaling. FDG-PET and FLT-PET were performed in immunodeficient mice bearing either SU-DHL-1 or Karpas299 xenografts at baseline and 7 days after initiation of treatment with BGT226. Lymphomas were removed for immunohistochemical analysis of proliferation and apoptosis to correlate PET findings with in vivo treatment effects.
Results: SU-DHL-1 cells showed sensitivity to BGT226 in vitro, with cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and an IC50 in the low nanomolar range, in contrast with Karpas299 cells, which were mainly resistant to BGT226. In vivo, both FDG-PET and FLT-PET discriminated sensitive from resistant lymphoma, as indicated by a significant reduction of tumor-to-background ratios on day 7 in treated SU-DHL-1 lymphoma-bearing animals compared with the control group, but not in animals with Karpas299 xenografts. Imaging results correlated with a marked decrease in the proliferation marker Ki67, and a slight increase in the apoptotic marker, cleaved caspase 3, as revealed by immunostaining of explanted lymphoma tissue.
Conclusion: Dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition using BGT226 is effective in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma and can be monitored with both FDG-PET and FLT-PET early on in the course of therapy.
Various single or multi-modality therapeutic options are available to treat pain of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. Different radionuclides that emit β-rays such as 153Samarium and 89Strontium and achieve palliation are commercially available. In contrast to β-emitters, 223Radium as a α-emitter has a short path-length. The advantage of the α-emitter is thus a highly localized biological effect that is caused by radiation induced DNA double-strand breaks and subsequent cell killing and/or limited effectiveness of cellular repair mechanisms. Due to the limited range of the α-particles the bone surface to red bone marrow dose ratio is also lower for 223Radium which is expressed in a lower myelotoxicity. The α emitter 223Radium dichloride is the first radiopharmaceutical that significantly prolongs life in castrate resistant prostate cancer patients with wide-spread bone metastatic disease. In a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study 921 patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases were randomly assigned. The analysis confirmed the 223Radium survival benefit compared to the placebo (median, 14.9 mo vs 11.3 mo; P < 0.001). In addition, the treatment results in pain palliation and thus, improved quality of life and a delay of skeletal related events. At the same time the toxicity profile of 223Radium was favourable. Since May 2013, 223Radium dichloride (Xofigo®) is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.
Core tip: The incidence rate of prostate cancer worldwide is high. Ninety percent of patients dying of prostate cancer have bone metastases with varying symptoms which are significantly impairing their quality of life. 223Radium is the first therapeutic that results in a survival benefit for patients with bone metastatic, castrate resistant prostate cancer. 223Radium was also associated with low myelosuppression rates and fewer adverse events.This article provides an overview of the pre-clinical and clinical trials with 223Radium.
Purpose
Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy originating from clonal plasma cells. Despite effective therapies, outcomes are highly variable suggesting marked disease heterogeneity. The role of functional imaging for therapeutic management of myeloma, such as positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG-PET), remains to be determined. Although some studies already suggested a prognostic value of 18F-FDG-PET, more specific tracers addressing hallmarks of myeloma biology, e.g. paraprotein biosynthesis, are needed. This study evaluated the amino acid tracers L-methyl-[11C]-methionine (11C-MET) and [18F]-fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine (18F-Fet) for their potential to image myeloma and to characterize tumor heterogeneity.
Experimental Design
To study the utility of 11C-MET, 18F-Fet and 18F-FDG for myeloma imaging, time activity curves were compared in various human myeloma cell lines (INA-6, MM1.S, OPM-2) and correlated to cell-biological characteristics, such as marker gene expression and immunoglobulin levels. Likewise, patient-derived CD138+ plasma cells were characterized regarding uptake and biomedical features.
Results
Using myeloma cell lines and patient-derived CD138+ plasma cells, we found that the relative uptake of 11C-MET exceeds that of 18F-FDG 1.5- to 5-fold and that of 18F-Fet 7- to 20-fold. Importantly, 11C-MET uptake significantly differed between cell types associated with worse prognosis (e.g. t(4;14) in OPM-2 cells) and indolent ones and correlated with intracellular immunoglobulin light chain and cell surface CD138 and CXCR4 levels. Direct comparison of radiotracer uptake in primary samples further validated the superiority of 11C-MET.
Conclusion
These data suggest that 11C-MET might be a versatile biomarker for myeloma superior to routine functional imaging with 18F-FDG regarding diagnosis, risk stratification, prognosis and discrimination of tumor subtypes.
Background
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is routinely used for advanced or metastasized neuroendocrine tumours (NET). To prevent nephrotoxicity, positively charged amino acids (AA) are co-infused. The aim of this study was to correlate the risk for therapy-related hyperkalaemia with the total amount of AA infused.
Methods
Twenty-two patients undergoing PRRT with standard activities of 177Lu-DOTATATE/-TOC were monitored during two following treatment cycles with co-infusion of 75 and 50 g of AA (L-arginine and L-lysine), respectively. Mean serum levels of potassium and other parameters (glomerular filtration rate [GFR], creatinine, blood urea nitrogen [BUN], phosphate, chloride, lactate dehydrogenase) prior to, 4 h and 24 h after AA infusion were compared.
Results
Self-limiting hyperkalaemia (>5.0 mmol/l) resolving after 24 h occurred in 91% (20/22) of patients in both protocols. Potassium levels, BUN, creatinine, GFR, phosphate, chloride and LDH showed a similar range at 4 h after co-infusion of 75 or 50 g of AA, respectively (p > 0.05). Only GFR and creatinine levels at 24 h varied significantly between the two co-infusion protocols (p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Hyperkalaemia is a frequent side effect of AA infusion in PRRT. Varying the dose of co-infused amino acids did not impact on the incidence and severity of hyperkalaemia.
Background
Reliable central venous access (CVC) is essential for hematology–oncology patients since frequent puncture of peripheral veins—e.g., for chemotherapy, antibiotic administration, repeated blood sampling, and monitoring—can cause unacceptable pain and psychological trauma, as well as severe side effects in cases of extravasation of chemotherapy drugs. However, CVC lines still carry major risk factors, including thrombosis, infection (e.g., entry site, tunnel, and luminal infections), and catheter dislocation, leakage, or breakage.
Methods
Here we performed a retrospective database analysis to determine the incidence of CVC-associated thrombosis in a single-center cohort of 448 pediatric oncologic patients, and to analyze whether any subgroup of patients was at increased risk and thus might benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation.
Results
Of the 448 patients, 269 consecutive patients received a CVC, and 55 of these 269 patients (20%) also had a thrombosis. Of these 55 patients, 43 had at least one CVC-associated thrombosis (total number of CVC-associated thrombosis: n = 52). Among all patients, the median duration of CVC exposure was 464 days. Regarding exposure time, no significant difference was found between patients with and without CVC-associated thrombosis. Subclavia catheters and advanced tumor stages seem to be the main risk factors for the development of CVC-associated thrombosis, whereas pharmacologic prophylaxis did not seem to have a relevant impact on the rate of thrombosis.
Conclusions
We conclude that pediatric surgeons and oncologists should pay close attention to ensuring optimal and accurate CVC placement, as this appears the most effective tool to minimize CVC-associated complications.
Background
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare cutaneous neoplasm with increasing incidence, aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are expressed in MCC and represent a potential target for both imaging and treatment.
Methods
To non-invasively assess SSTR expression in MCC using PET and the radiotracers [68Ga]DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC) or -octreotate (DOTATATE) as surrogate for tumor burden. In 24 patients with histologically proven MCC SSTR-PET was performed and compared to results of computed tomography (CT).
Results
SSTR-PET detected primary and metastatic MCC lesions. On a patient-based analysis, sensitivity of SSTR-PET was 73% for nodal metastases, 100% for bone, and 67% for soft-tissue metastases, respectively. Notably, brain metastases were initially detected by SSTR-PET in 2 patients, whereas liver and lung metastases were diagnosed exclusively by CT. SSTR-PET showed concordance to CT results in 20 out of 24 patients. Four patients (17%) were up-staged due to SSTR-PET and patient management was changed in 3 patients (13%).
Conclusion
SSTR-PET showed high sensitivity for imaging bone, soft tissue and brain metastases, and particularly in combination with CT had a significant impact on clinical stage and patient management.