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Institute
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik I) (510) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Krankenhaushygiene und Antimicrobial Stewardship (2)
- Abteilung für Molekulare Onkoimmunologie (1)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA (1)
- Institut für Medizinische Lehre und Ausbildungsforschung, Universität Würzburg (1)
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- Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Würzburg: Klinikum Main-Spessart (1)
- Lehrstuhl für Tissue Engineering und Regenerative Medizin der Universität Würzburg (1)
Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies revealed structural-functional brain reorganization 12 months after gastric-bypass surgery, encompassing cortical and subcortical regions of all brain lobes as well as the cerebellum. Changes in the mean of cluster-wise gray/white matter density (GMD/WMD) were correlated with the individual loss of body mass index (BMI), rendering the BMI a potential marker of widespread surgery-induced brain plasticity. Here, we investigated voxel-by-voxel associations between surgery-induced changes in adiposity, metabolism and inflammation and markers of functional and structural neural plasticity. We re-visited the data of patients who underwent functional and structural MRI, 6 months (n = 27) and 12 months after surgery (n = 22), and computed voxel-wise regression analyses. Only the surgery-induced weight loss was significantly associated with brain plasticity, and this only for GMD changes. After 6 months, weight loss overlapped with altered GMD in the hypothalamus, the brain's homeostatic control site, the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, assumed to host reward and gustatory processes, as well as abdominal representations in somatosensory cortex. After 12 months, weight loss scaled with GMD changes in right cerebellar lobule VII, involved in language-related/cognitive processes, and, by trend, with the striatum, assumed to underpin (food) reward. These findings suggest time-dependent and weight-loss related gray matter plasticity in brain regions involved in the control of eating, sensory processing and cognitive functioning.
Fragestellung: Welchen Nutzen bringt eine adjuvante Therapie mit intravenösem Immunglobulin bezüglich des Krankheitsverlaufs bei intraabdominellen Infektionen? Material und Methode: 71 Patienten mit intraabdominellen Infektionen wurden mit Immunglobulin oder Placebo behandelt. Verschiedene Score-Systeme wurden für die Auswertung des Schweregrades der Krankheit verwendet. Ergebnisse: Die Gesamtanalyse der Daten zeigt, daß Patienten mit Peritonitis von einer Behandlung mit Immunglobulin profitieren können. Zusammenfassung: Eine zusätzliche Gabe von Immunglobulin kann einen nützlichen Effekt für den Verlauf intraabdomineller Infektionen haben.
Background
Adrenalectomies are rare procedures especially in childhood. So far, no large cohort study on this topic has been published with data on to age distribution, operative procedures, hospital volume and operative outcome.
Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of anonymized nationwide hospital billing data (DRG data, 2009-2017). All adrenal surgeries (defined by OPS codes) of patients between the age 0 and 21 years in Germany were included.
Results
A total of 523 patient records were identified. The mean age was 8.6 ± 7.7 years and 262 patients were female (50.1%). The majority of patients were between 0 and 5 years old (52% overall), while 11.1% were between 6 and 11 and 38.8% older than 12 years. The most common diagnoses were malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland (56%, mostly neuroblastoma) with the majority being younger than 5 years. Benign neoplasms in the adrenal gland (D350) account for 29% of all cases with the majority of affected patients being 12 years or older. 15% were not defined regarding tumor behavior. Overall complication rate was 27% with a clear higher complication rate in resection for malignant neoplasia of the adrenal gland. Bleeding occurrence and transfusions are the main complications, followed by the necessary of relaparotomy. There was an uneven patient distribution between hospital tertiles (low volume, medium and high volume tertile). While 164 patients received surgery in 85 different “low volume” hospitals (0.2 cases per hospital per year), 205 patients received surgery in 8 different “high volume” hospitals (2.8 cases per hospital per year; p<0.001). Patients in high volume centers were significant younger, had more extended resections and more often malignant neoplasia. In multivariable analysis younger age, extended resections and open procedures were independent predictors for occurrence of postoperative complications.
Conclusion
Overall complication rate of adrenalectomies in the pediatric population in Germany is low, demonstrating good therapeutic quality. Our analysis revealed a very uneven distribution of patient volume among hospitals.
Adrenocortical tumors are rare in children. This systematic review summarizes the published evidence on pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) to provide a basis for a better understanding of the disease, investigate new molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and define which patients may benefit from a more aggressive therapeutic approach. We included 137 studies with 3680 ACC patients (~65% female) in our analysis. We found no randomized controlled trials, so this review mainly reflects retrospective data. Due to a specific mutation in the TP53 gene in ~80% of Brazilian patients, that cohort was analyzed separately from series from other countries. Hormone analysis was described in 2569 of the 2874 patients (89%). Most patients were diagnosed with localized disease, whereas 23% had metastasis at primary diagnosis. Only 72% of the patients achieved complete resection. In 334 children (23%), recurrent disease was reported: 81% — local recurrence, 19% (n = 65) — distant metastases at relapse. Patients < 4 years old had a different distribution of tumor stages and hormone activity and better overall survival (p < 0.001). Although therapeutic approaches are typically multimodal, no consensus is available on effective standard treatments for advanced ACC. Thus, knowledge regarding pediatric ACC is still scarce and international prospective studies are needed to implement standardized clinical stratifications and risk-adapted therapeutic strategies.
Objectives
Glycemic control by medical treatment represents one therapeutic strategy for diabetic patients. The Na+-d-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is currently of high interest in this context. SGLT1 is known to mediate glucose absorption and incretin secretion in the small intestine. Recently, inhibition of SGLT1 function was shown to improve postprandial hyperglycemia. In view of the lately demonstrated SGLT1 expression in pancreatic islets, we investigated if loss of SGLT1 affects islet morphology and function.
Methods
Effects associated with the loss of SGLT1 on pancreatic islet (cyto) morphology and function were investigated by analyzing islets of a SGLT1 knockout mouse model, that were fed a glucose-deficient, fat-enriched diet (SGLT1−/−-GDFE) to circumvent the glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome. To distinguish diet- and Sglt1−/−-dependent effects, wildtype mice on either standard chow (WT-SC) or the glucose-free, fat-enriched diet (WT-GDFE) were used as controls. Feeding a glucose-deficient, fat-enriched diet further required the analysis of intestinal SGLT1 expression and function under diet-conditions.
Results
Consistent with literature, our data provide evidence that small intestinal SGLT1 mRNA expression and function is regulated by nutrition. In contrast, pancreatic SGLT1 mRNA levels were not affected by the applied diet, suggesting different regulatory mechanisms for SGLT1 in diverse tissues. Morphological changes such as increased islet sizes and cell numbers associated with changes in proliferation and apoptosis and alterations of the β- and α-cell population are specifically observed for pancreatic islets of SGLT1−/−-GDFE mice. Glucose stimulation revealed no insulin response in SGLT1−/−-GDFE mice while WT-GDFE mice displayed only a minor increase of blood insulin. Irregular glucagon responses were observed for both, SGLT1−/−-GDFE and WT-GDFE mice. Further, both animal groups showed a sustained release of GLP-1 compared to WT-SC controls.
Conclusion
Loss or impairment of SGLT1 results in abnormal pancreatic islet (cyto)morphology and disturbed islet function regarding the insulin or glucagon release capacity from β- or α-cells, respectively. Consequently, our findings propose a new, additional role for SGLT1 maintaining proper islet structure and function.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine Datenbank entwickelt,um die Behandlungssituation in der Rektumkarzinomchirurgie beurteilen zu können. Mit Hilfe dieser Datenbank wurden retrospektiv die Akten von 179 an einem Rekumkarzinom erkrankten Patienten an der Chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Würzburg ausgewertet. Anhand dieser Daten konnten die Würzburger Behandlungsergebnisse mit denjenigen, welche in der internationalen Literatur zu finden sind, verglichen werden.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, prognoserelevante Faktoren für das kolorektale Karzinom anhand des eigenen Patientengutes zu untersuchen. Insbesondere sollte die prognostische Relevanz der Tumormarker CEA, CA 19-9 und p53 in Bezug auf tumorbedingtes Überleben und rezidivfreie Zeit analysiert werden, um anhand ihrer Ausprägung die Prognose eines Patienten nach primär chirurgischer Therapie besser definieren zu können. Dementsprechend sollte ein möglichst adäquates therapeutisches Vorgehen gewährleistet sein. Bezüglich des tumorbedingten Überlebens wurde anhand des Kaplan-Meier Verfahrens nachgewiesen, dass sowohl das UICC-Stadium als auch die Darmwandinfiltration (T-Status), Lymphknotenbefall (N-Status) und CEA im Serum als hochsignifikante Parameter dienen, wohingegen eine signifikante Einflussnahme für das Geschlecht, Alter, Tumorlokalisation, Grading, CA 19-9 und p53 (Serummessung) auf das Überleben nicht festgestellt wurde. Bei näherem Betrachten der einzelnen UICC-Stadien in Abhängigkeit von CEA war dieser der aussagekräfitgste prognostische Tumormarker (Serummessung, cut-off point >= 5 ng/ml) für Patienten in höherem UICC-Stadium (UICC III). Bei weiterer Betrachtung der einzelnen Subgruppen des UICC III-Stadiums war CEA insbesondere für Patienten in UICC IIIA am relevantesten. Bezüglich der beiden anderen Tumormarker CA 19-9 und p53 konnte mittels der Serummessungen keine Korrelation mit dem UICC-Stadium bzw. auch keine signifikante Einflussnahme auf das tumorbedingte Überleben festgestellt werden. Für die rezidivfreie Zeit zeigten UICC-Stadium, T-Status, N-Status, CEA (Serummessung) und Tumorlokalisation (Kolon/Rektum) eine signifikante Einflussnahme. Tumoren des Rektums hatten ein höheres Risikoprofil als die des Kolons. Die immunhistologische und molekulargenetische Analyse bezüglich aller drei Tumormarker bestätigte das UICC Stadium III als ein Risikostadium. Dabei lies sich entgegen der Serummessungen auch für CA 19-9 und p53 eine stadienabhängige Risiko-Korrelation darstellen. Des Weiteren korrelierte das Auftreten p53 spezifischer IgG Antikörper stark mit der p53 Proteinexpression im Gewebe, was die Annahme eines Zusammenhangs zwischen intrazellulärer Ansammlung von p53 in Tumorzellen und einer humoralen Antwort auf p53 stützt. Mit Ausnahme von CEA, zeigten CA 19-9 und p53 für sich alleine keine Korrelation zwischen erhöhten Serumwerten und/oder der Expression im Tumor und dem postoperativen Auftreten von Rezidiven. Dahingegen wurde erstmals in dieser Arbeit festgestellt, dass Patienten, die mindestens drei erhöhte Parameter (CEA, CA 19-9 und p53) im Serum und/oder im Tumor (Protein- oder Genexpression) hatten, eine höhere Rezidivrate (Lokal-, Metastasen) während der Tumornachsorge (36±6,6 Monate) zeigten; dies unabhängig von ihrem UICC Stadium (UICC I-III). Speziell diese Risikogruppe könnte von einer adjuvanten Therapie profitieren.
Limited comprehension of aneurysm pathology has led to inconclusive results from clinical trials. miRNAs are key regulators of post-translational gene modification and are useful tools in elucidating key features of aneurysm pathogenesis in distinct entities of abdominal and popliteal aneurysms. Here, surgically harvested specimens from 19 abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 8 popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) patients were analyzed for miRNA expression and histologically classified regarding extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and inflammation. DIANA-based computational target prediction and pathway enrichment analysis verified our results, as well as previous ones. miRNA-362, -19b-1, -194, -769, -21 and -550 were significantly down-regulated in AAA samples depending on degree of inflammation. Similar or inverse regulation was found for miR-769, 19b-1 and miR-550, -21, whereas miR-194 and -362 were unaltered in PAA. In situ hybridization verified higher expression of miR-550 and -21 in PAA compared to AAA and computational analysis for target genes and pathway enrichment affirmed signal transduction, cell-cell-interaction and cell degradation pathways, in line with previous results. Despite the vague role of miRNAs for potential diagnostic and treatment purposes, the number of candidates from tissue signature studies is increasing. Tissue morphology influences subsequent research, yet comparison of distinct entities of aneurysm disease can unravel core pathways.
Purpose
Sacral nerve stimulation is an effective treatment for patients suffering from fecal incontinence. However, less is knownabout predictors of success before stimulation. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of successful sacral nervestimulation in patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence.
Methods
Consecutive female patients, receiving peripheral nerve evaluation and sacral nerve stimulation between September2008 and October 2014, suffering from idiopathic fecal incontinence were included in this study. Preoperative patient’scharac-teristics, anal manometry, and defecography results were collected prospectively and investigated by retrospective analysis. Mainoutcome measures were independent predictors of treatment success after sacral nerve stimulation.
Results
From, all in all, 54 patients suffering from idiopathic fecal incontinence receiving peripheral nerve evaluation, favorableoutcome was achieved in 23 of 30 patients after sacral nerve stimulation (per protocol 76.7%; intention to treat 42.6%). From allanalyzed characteristics, wide anorectal angle at rest in preoperative defecography was the only independent predictor offavorable outcome in multivariate analysis (favorable 134.1 ± 13.9° versus unfavorable 118.6 ± 17.1°).
Conclusions
Anorectal angle at rest in preoperative defecography might present a predictor of outcome after sacral nervestimulation in patients with idiopathic fecal incontinence.
Background
Currently ketogenic diets (KDs) are hyped as an anti-tumor intervention aimed at exploiting the metabolic abnormalities of cancer cells. However, while data in humans is sparse, translation of murine tumor models to the clinic is further hampered by small sample sizes, heterogeneous settings and mixed results concerning tumor growth retardation. The aim was therefore to synthesize the evidence for a growth inhibiting effect of KDs when used as a monotherapy in mice.
Methods
We conducted a Bayesian random effects meta-analysis on all studies assessing the survival (defined as the time to reach a pre-defined endpoint such as tumor volume) of mice on an unrestricted KD compared to a high carbohydrate standard diet (SD). For 12 studies meeting the inclusion criteria either a mean survival time ratio (MR) or hazard ratio (HR) between the KD and SD groups could be obtained. The posterior estimates for the MR and HR averaged over four priors on the between-study heterogeneity τ\(^{2}\) were MR = 0.85 (95% highest posterior density interval (HPDI) = [0.73, 0.97]) and HR = 0.55 (95% HPDI = [0.26, 0.87]), indicating a significant overall benefit of the KD in terms of prolonged mean survival times and reduced hazard rate. All studies that used a brain tumor model also chose a late starting point for the KD (at least one day after tumor initiation) which accounted for 26% of the heterogeneity. In this subgroup the KD was less effective (MR = 0.89, 95% HPDI = [0.76, 1.04]).
Conclusions
There was an overall tumor growth delaying effect of unrestricted KDs in mice. Future experiments should aim at differentiating the effects of KD timing versus tumor location, since external evidence is currently consistent with an influence of both of these factors.