Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (24)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (24)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (24)
Language
- English (24) (remove)
Keywords
- ideomotor theory (3)
- Psychologie (2)
- action control (2)
- action effects (2)
- cognitive conflict (2)
- India (1)
- Internet Behaviour (1)
- MARC effect (1)
- Non-reactive Measurement (1)
- SNARC (1)
- SNARC effect (1)
- Search Volume Index (1)
- Simon task (1)
- Twitter (1)
- United States (1)
- Wardrobe Malfunction (1)
- action and perception (1)
- action observation (1)
- action planning (1)
- action representation (1)
- action-effects (1)
- action–effect compatibility (1)
- agency (1)
- and justice for all (1)
- anticipatory planning (1)
- asymmetry (1)
- behavior (1)
- bimodality (1)
- binding (1)
- body ownership (1)
- body representation (1)
- child development (1)
- classification (1)
- cognitive control (1)
- cognitive load (1)
- conflict adaptation (1)
- conflict experience (1)
- conflict strength (1)
- congruency sequences (1)
- creativity (1)
- decision making (1)
- developmental disorders (1)
- disembodiment (1)
- dishonest responding (1)
- dishonesty (1)
- distractor-response binding (1)
- distribution analysis (1)
- elections (1)
- embodied cognition (1)
- embodiment (1)
- end-state comfort effect (1)
- episodic binding (1)
- error processing (1)
- experimental design (1)
- forced-choice (1)
- free choice (1)
- free-choice (1)
- habits (1)
- history (1)
- honesty (1)
- intentional binding (1)
- line (1)
- linguistic markedness (1)
- lying (1)
- lying behavior (1)
- magnitude (1)
- measures (1)
- memory bias (1)
- mental representation (1)
- metaanalysis (1)
- monitoring (1)
- morality (1)
- motion tracking (1)
- motor control (1)
- motor development (1)
- motor simulation (1)
- movement tracking (1)
- moving rubber hand illusion (1)
- multisensory processing (1)
- null hypothesis testing (1)
- numerical cognition (1)
- observation (1)
- observation inflation (1)
- p-value (1)
- perception and action (1)
- performance monitoring (1)
- personality (1)
- political theory (1)
- post-error slowing (1)
- pre-error speeding (1)
- proprioceptive drift (1)
- psychology (1)
- response-time analysis (1)
- right-oriented bias (1)
- rule retrieval (1)
- self-serving dishonesty (1)
- sense of agency (1)
- sequence analysis (1)
- significance testing (1)
- social actions (1)
- sociomotor control (1)
- space (1)
- spatial binding (1)
- spatial numerical associations (1)
- statistical significance (1)
- temporal processing (1)
- thinking style (1)
- tool use (1)
- unethical behaviour (1)
- virtual hand illusion (1)
Institute
- Institut für Psychologie (24) (remove)
We argue that making accept/reject decisions on scientific hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level from p = 0.05 to p = 0.005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science. Given that blanket and variable alpha levels both are problematic, it is sensible to dispense with significance testing altogether. There are alternatives that address study design and sample size much more directly than significance testing does; but none of the statistical tools should be taken as the new magic method giving clear-cut mechanical answers. Inference should not be based on single studies at all, but on cumulative evidence from multiple independent studies. When evaluating the strength of the evidence, we should consider, for example, auxiliary assumptions, the strength of the experimental design, and implications for applications. To boil all this down to a binary decision based on a p-value threshold of 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, or anything else, is not acceptable.
Evidence from multisensory body illusions suggests that body representations may be malleable, for instance, by embodying external objects. However, adjusting body representations to current task demands also implies that external objects become disembodied from the body representation if they are no longer required. In the current web-based study, we induced the embodiment of a two-dimensional (2D) virtual hand that could be controlled by active movements of a computer mouse or on a touchpad. Following initial embodiment, we probed for disembodiment by comparing two conditions: Participants either continued moving the virtual hand or they stopped moving and kept the hand still. Based on theoretical accounts that conceptualize body representations as a set of multisensory bindings, we expected gradual disembodiment of the virtual hand if the body representations are no longer updated through correlated visuomotor signals. In contrast to our prediction, the virtual hand was instantly disembodied as soon as participants stopped moving it. This result was replicated in two follow-up experiments. The observed instantaneous disembodiment might suggest that humans are sensitive to the rapid changes that characterize action and body in virtual environments, and hence adjust corresponding body representations particularly swiftly.
Flexible behavior is only possible if contingencies between own actions and following environmental effects are acquired as quickly as possible; and recent findings indeed point toward an immediate formation of action-effect bindings already after a single coupling of an action and its effect. The present study explored whether these short-term bindings occur for both, stimulus- and goal-driven actions (“forced-choice actions” vs. “free-choice actions”). Two experiments confirmed that immediate action-effect bindings are formed for both types of actions and affect upcoming behavior. These findings support the view that action-effect binding is a ubiquitous phenomenon which occurs for any type of action.
Post-error slowing is one of the most widely employed measures to study cognitive and behavioral consequences of error commission. Several methods have been proposed to quantify the post-error slowing effect, and we discuss two main methods: The traditional method of comparing response times in correct post-error trials to response times of correct trials that follow another correct trial, and a more recent proposal of comparing response times in correct post-error trials to the corresponding correct pre-error trials. Based on thorough re-analyses of two datasets, we argue that the latter method provides an inflated estimate by also capturing the (partially) independent effect of pre-error speeding. We propose two solutions for improving the assessment of human error processing, both of which highlight the importance of distinguishing between initial pre-error speeding and later post-error slowing.
Repeatedly encountering a stimulus biases the observer’s affective response and evaluation of the stimuli. Here we provide evidence for a causal link between mere exposure to fictitious news reports and subsequent voting behavior. In four pre-registered online experiments, participants browsed through newspaper webpages and were tacitly exposed to names of fictitious politicians. Exposure predicted voting behavior in a subsequent mock election, with a consistent preference for frequent over infrequent names, except when news items were decidedly negative. Follow-up analyses indicated that mere media presence fuels implicit personality theories regarding a candidate’s vigor in political contexts. News outlets should therefore be mindful to cover political candidates as evenly as possible.
Design choices: Empirical recommendations for designing two-dimensional finger-tracking experiments
(2020)
The continuous tracking of mouse or finger movements has become an increasingly popular research method for investigating cognitive and motivational processes such as decision-making, action-planning, and executive functions. In the present paper, we evaluate and discuss how apparently trivial design choices of researchers may impact participants’ behavior and, consequently, a study’s results. We first provide a thorough comparison of mouse- and finger-tracking setups on the basis of a Simon task. We then vary a comprehensive set of design factors, including spatial layout, movement extent, time of stimulus onset, size of the target areas, and hit detection in a finger-tracking variant of this task. We explore the impact of these variations on a broad spectrum of movement parameters that are typically used to describe movement trajectories. Based on our findings, we suggest several recommendations for best practice that avoid some of the pitfalls of the methodology. Keeping these recommendations in mind will allow for informed decisions when planning and conducting future tracking experiments.
We assessed the relation of creativity and unethical behaviour by manipulating the thinking style of participants (N = 450 adults) and measuring the impact of this manipulation on the prevalence of dishonest behaviour. Participants performed one of three inducer tasks: the alternative uses task to promote divergent thinking, the remote associates task to promote convergent thinking, or a simple classification task for rule-based thinking. Before and after this manipulation, participants conducted the mind game as a straightforward measure of dishonesty. Dishonest behaviour increased from before to after the intervention, but we found no credible evidence that this increase differed between induced mindsets. Exploratory analyses did not support any relation of trait creativity and dishonesty either. We conclude that the influence of creative thinking on unethical behaviour seems to be more ambiguous than assumed in earlier research or might be restricted to specific populations or contexts.
A commentary on: Feeling the Conflict: The Crucial Role of Conflict Experience in Adaptationby Desender, K., Van Opstal, F., and Van den Bussche, E. (2014). Psychol. Sci. 25, 675–683. doi:10.1177/0956797613511468
Conflict adaptation in masked priming has recently been proposed to rely not on successful conflictresolution but rather on conflict experience (Desender et al., 2014). We re-assessed this proposal ina direct replication and also tested a potential confound due toconflict strength. The data supported this alternative view, but also failed to replicate basic conflict adaptation effects of the original studydespite considerable power.