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Institute
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie (ab 2004) (349) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Zentrallabor, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (2)
- Apotheke, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg (1)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria (1)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria (1)
- EMBL Mouse Biology Unit, Monterotondo, Italien (1)
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung (ZIKF), Würzburg (1)
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universität Mainz (1)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin und Schmerztherapie des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg (1)
- Klinikum Fulda gAG (1)
- Krankenhaushygiene und Antimicrobial Stewardship (1)
Livin/BIRC7 is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins family, which are involved in tumor development through the inhibition of caspases. Aim was to investigate the expression of livin and other members of its pathway in adrenocortical tumors and in the adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) cell line NCI-H295R.
The mRNA expression of livin, its isoforms α and β, XIAP, CASP3 and DIABLO was evaluated by qRT-PCR in 82 fresh-frozen adrenal tissues (34 ACC, 25 adenomas = ACA, 23 normal adrenal glands = NAG). Livin protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 270 paraffin-embedded tissues (192 ACC, 58 ACA, 20 NAG). Livin, CASP3 and cleaved caspase-3 were evaluated in NCI-H295R after induction of livin overexpression.
Relative livin mRNA expression was significantly higher in ACC than in ACA and NAG (0.060 ± 0.116 vs 0.004 ± 0.014 and 0.002 ± 0.009, respectively, p < 0.01), being consistently higher in tumors than in adjacent NAG and isoform β more expressed than α. No significant differences in CASP3, XIAP and DIABLO levels were found among these groups. In immunohistochemistry, livin was localized in both cytoplasm and nuclei. The ratio between cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was significantly higher in ACC (1.51 ± 0.66) than in ACA (0.80 ± 0.35) and NAG (0.88 ± 0.27; p < 0.0001). No significant correlations were observed between livin expression and histopathological parameters or clinical outcome. In NCI-H295R cells, the livin overexpression slightly reduced the activation of CASP3, but did not correlate with cell viability.
In conclusion, livin is specifically over-expressed in ACC, suggesting that it might be involved in adrenocortical tumorigenesis and represent a new molecular marker of malignancy.
Patients operated for infective endocarditis (IE) are at high risk of developing an excessive systemic hyperinflammatory state, resulting in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and septic shock. Hemoadsorption (HA) by cytokine adsorbers has been successfully applied to remove inflammatory mediators. This randomized controlled trial investigates the effect of perioperative HA therapy on inflammatory parameters and hemodynamic status in patients operated for IE. A total of 20 patients were randomly assigned to either HA therapy or the control group. HA therapy was initiated intraoperatively and continued for 24 hours postoperatively. Cytokine levels (IL‐6, IL‐1b, TNF‐α), leukocytes, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and Procalcitonin (PCT) as well as catecholamine support, and volume requirement were compared between both groups. Operative procedures included aortic (n = 7), mitral (n = 6), and multiple valve surgery (n = 7). All patients survived to discharge. No significant differences concerning median cytokine levels (IL‐6 and TNF‐α) were observed between both groups. CRP and PCT baseline levels were significantly higher in the HA group (59.5 vs. 26.3 mg/dL, P = .029 and 0.17 vs. 0.05 µg/L, P = .015) equalizing after surgery. Patients in the HA group required significantly higher doses of vasopressors (0.093 vs. 0.025 µg/kg/min norepinephrine, P = .029) at 12 hours postoperatively as well as significantly more overall volume replacement (7217 vs. 4185 mL at 12 hours, P = .015; 12 021 vs. 4850 mL at 48 hours, P = .015). HA therapy did neither result in a reduction of inflammatory parameters nor result in an improvement of hemodynamic parameters in patients operated for IE. For a more targeted use of HA therapy, appropriate selection criteria are required.
Background
The origin of αSMA-positive myofibroblasts, key players within organ fibrosis, is still not fully elucidated. Pericytes have been discussed as myofibroblast progenitors in several organs including the lung.
Methods
Using tamoxifen-inducible PDGFRβ-tdTomato mice (PDGFRβ-CreERT2; R26tdTomato) lineage of lung pericytes was traced. To induce lung fibrosis, a single orotracheal dose of bleomycin was given. Lung tissue was investigated by immunofluorescence analyses, hydroxyproline collagen assay and RT-qPCR.
Results
Lineage tracing combined with immunofluorescence for nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO-GC) as marker for PDGFRβ-positive pericytes allows differentiating two types of αSMA-expressing myofibroblasts in murine pulmonary fibrosis: (1) interstitial myofibroblasts that localize in the alveolar wall, derive from PDGFRβ+ pericytes, express NO-GC and produce collagen 1. (2) intra-alveolar myofibroblasts which do not derive from pericytes (but express PDGFRβ de novo after injury), are negative for NO-GC, have a large multipolar shape and appear to spread over several alveoli within the injured areas. Moreover, NO-GC expression is reduced during fibrosis, i.e., after pericyte-to-myofibroblast transition.
Conclusion
In summary, αSMA/PDGFRβ-positive myofibroblasts should not be addressed as a homogeneous target cell type within pulmonary fibrosis.
Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Beschreibung des Status quo der Versorgungsrealität von BARMER Patient*innen, welche nach operativem inguinalen- oder femoralen Hernienverschluss an Schmerzen litten und geht in weiterer Folge dessen Hinweisen auf CPIP nach. Es fand die Sekundärdatenanlyse von Routinedaten der BARMER Krankenkasse Anwendung. Die Stichprobe umfasste 11221 Patient*innen, von denen 77.7% unter keinen Leistenschmerzen im prä- oder postoperativen Zusammenhang mit dem Eingriff litten, bezeichnet als Gruppe „Pain 0“. 4.2% litten sowohl innerhalb von 365 Tagen vor- als auch nach dem Krankenhausaufenthalt an Schmerzen, was als chronisch zu bezeichnen war und unter Gruppe „Pain 2“ geführt wurde. 8.5% der Patient*innen litten nur innerhalb von 365 Tagen nach Entlassung an Schmerzen, was nur im erweiterten Sinne auf CPIP hinwies, da der Ausschluss der ersten 90 Tage postoperativ nicht in der Definition der Gruppe enthalten war. Diese Patient*innen gehörten der Gruppe „Pain 1“ an. Die Gruppe „Pain 3“ umfasste diejenigen 9.6% der Patient*innen, welche innerhalb von 365 Tagen präoperativ an Schmerzen litten. Obwohl keine postoperativen Leistenschmerzen für diese Patient*innen codiert worden sind, stellte sich eine bessere Versorgung als die der Gruppe „Pain 0“ dar.
Patient*innen der Gruppe „Pain 2“ mit der längsten Schmerzerfahrung wurden signifikant besser versorgt. Diese Gruppe, welche an chronischen, postoperativen, inguinalen Schmerzen litt, zeichnete sich durch eine signifikant jüngere Patient*innenklientel aus. Der Anteil an Frauen war signifikant höher. Begleitende psychiatrische Komorbiditäten traten signifikant häufiger auf. Die Versorgung dieser Patient*innengruppe war signifikant besser, allerdings vor allem hinsichtlich der psychologischen und psychiatrischen Betreuung nicht ausreichend gut. Die Mehrzahl der Analysen war hochsignifikant, deren Effektstärke fiel klein aus.
Background: Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is highly elevated after cardiac surgery and impacts the postoperative inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the polymorphisms CATT\(_{5–7}\) (rs5844572/rs3063368,“-794”) and G>C single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs755622,-173) in the MIF gene promoter are related to postoperative outcome. Methods: In 1116 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, the MIF gene polymorphisms were analyzed and serum MIF was measured by ELISA in 100 patients. Results: Patients with at least one extended repeat allele (CATT\(_7\)) had a significantly higher risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to others (23% vs. 13%; OR 2.01 (1.40–2.88), p = 0.0001). Carriers of CATT\(_7\) were also at higher risk of death (1.8% vs. 0.4%; OR 5.12 (0.99–33.14), p = 0.026). The GC genotype was associated with AKI (20% vs. GG/CC:13%, OR 1.71 (1.20–2.43), p = 0.003). Multivariate analyses identified CATT\(_7\) predictive for AKI (OR 2.13 (1.46–3.09), p < 0.001) and death (OR 5.58 (1.29–24.04), p = 0.021). CATT\(_7\) was associated with higher serum MIF before surgery (79.2 vs. 50.4 ng/mL, p = 0.008). Conclusion: The CATT\(_7\) allele associates with a higher risk of AKI and death after cardiac surgery, which might be related to chronically elevated serum MIF. Polymorphisms in the MIF gene may constitute a predisposition for postoperative complications and the assessment may improve risk stratification and therapeutic guidance.
Im Zeitraum vom 30.01.2019 bis zum 26.05.2020 wurden aus dem Universitätsklinikum Würzburg alle Patienten, die sowohl eine Charmi-Erstellung als auch eine Anlage des ASD-Dokuments erhalten haben, in das zu untersuchende Patientenkollektiv aufgenommen. Von diesen, so ermittelten, 1458 Patienten werden die stattgefundenen Operationen der Patienten eruiert. Die Bewegungswerte werden mithilfe des hierarchisch angeordneten Charmi-Systems von 0 bis 10 von den Physiotherapeuten erhoben. Dabei stellt der Charité Mobilitätsindex (Charmi-Index) ein neuartiges Diagnostikum dar, welches als Bewertungssystem zu Beginn 2019 erstmalig von den Physiotherapeuten an der Universität Würzburg eingesetzt wurde.
Der Schmerzzustand und Schmerzverlauf wird im Rahmen der Schmerzvisiten durch den Akutschmerzdienst (ASD) mithilfe der NRS-Skala festgehalten. Auch die NRS-Skala stellt eine hierarchisch aufgebaute Skala von 0 bis 10 dar. Schmerzwerte werden täglich im Verlauf der postoperativen Visiten erhoben. Charmi-Werte werden zu Beginn der postoperativen Phase, bei Zwischenereignissen und am Ende des stationären Aufenthalts oder bei Verlegung in einen anderen Fachbereich erhoben. Bei zeitgleich erhobenen Charmi-Werten und Schmerzwerten können diese zueinander in Bezug gesetzt werden.
Dabei kommt heraus, dass das Schmerzniveau in Ruhe und bei Belastung in der frühen postoperativen Phase negativ mit der Mobilität assoziiert ist. Zusätzlich zeigt sich, dass bei zunehmender Medikamentendosis die Mobilität sinkt. Je größer die Schmerzen der Patienten sind, desto schlechter die Mobilität. Wegen fehlender Charmi-Zwischenbefunde und zeitlich versetzt erhobener Charmi-Endbefunde ist kaum ein Zusammenhang zur Mobilität ersichtlich. Bei zeitlich passenden Charmi-Endwerten zeigt sich dennoch, dass bei steigenden Belastungsschmerzen die Mobilität abnimmt.
Eine weitere Erkenntnis ist, dass der Belastungsschmerz bei niedrigen Schmerzwerten durchschnittlich um 1,5-1,6 höher ist als der Ruheschmerz, bei mittleren Schmerzwerten um 1,5-1,4 höher und bei hohen Schmerzwerten um 1,4-1,2 höher.
Bei steigendem Ruheschmerz wird von den Patienten mehr Medikament angefordert als bei steigendem Belastungsschmerz, was die Vermutung zulässt, dass Patienten eher auf die Bewegung verzichten. Ein Therapieregime vermehrt mit Blickrichtung auf den Belastungsschmerz scheint daher an Bedeutung zuzunehmen.
Ziel dieser Arbeit war es Veränderungen mitochondrialer Atmungskettenfunktionen von murinem Herz und muriner Niere unter einer inhalativen Anästhesie mit Sevofluran in Abhängigkeit von der inspiratorischen Sauerstoffkonzentration zu untersuchen.
In unserer in vivo Studie wurden männliche Black Six Mäuse 6 Stunden mit 1.0 MAC Sevofluran anästhesiert. Je nach Versuchsgruppe wurde mit einer inspiratorischen Sauerstoffkonzentration von 21%, 50% oder 100% ventiliert. Am Ende des Versuchsprotokolls wurden Herz und Nieren entnommen und direkt weiterverarbeitet. Es erfolgten photometrische Analysen und einer Blue Native Polyacrylamid Gel Elektrophorese zur Darstellung der mitochondrialen Komplexaktivitäten, der Proteincarbonylierung mitochondrialer Proteine und der Empfindlichkeit der isolierten Mitochondrien gegenüber der Ca2+ induzierten Schwellung.
Zusammenfassend zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass eine sechsstündige volatile Anästhesie zu einer deutlichen Änderung der mitochondrialen respiratorischen Komplexaktivitäten, sowohl in der Niere als auch im Herzen führt. Insbesondere wies Komplex I eine erhöhte enzymatische Aktivität auf. Die Veränderungen der mitochondrialen Respiration waren größtenteils unabhängig von der inspiratorischen Sauerstoffkonzentration und führten zu keiner mitochondrialen Schädigung. Sowohl die Superoxid Produktion als auch die Proteincarbonylierung blieben unverändert. Die mitochondriale Empfindlichkeit gegenüber der Ca2+ induzierten Schwellung zeigte keine Veränderung gegenüber den Kontrolltieren. Somit ergaben sich keine toxischen Auswirkungen hoher Sauerstoffkonzentrationen im Sinne eines erhöhten oxidativen Schadens des mitochondrialen Proteoms oder einer Membranschädigung.
Postoperative pulmonale Komplikationen (PPC) stellen den Hauptgrund für erhöhte Morbidität und Mortalität sowie eine längere stationäre Liegedauer nach chirurgischen Eingriffen dar. Die Elektrische Impedanztomographie (EIT) ermöglicht als strahlungsfreie Methode die bettseitige Visualisierung der regionalen pulmonalen Ventilation in einem thorakalen Querschnittsbereich über den zeitlichen Verlauf.
Die Hauptfragestellung dieser Studie war die perioperativen Veränderungen der regionalen pulmonalen Ventilation bei spontanatmenden Patienten nach abdominalchirurgischen Eingriffen in Allgemeinnarkose bis in die späte postoperative Phase zu untersuchen. Zusätzlich untersuchten wir die Lungenfunktion mittels Spirometrie. Wir nahmen eine Verschiebung der pulmonalen Ventilation in dorso-ventraler Richtung an, sowie eine postoperativ reduzierte Vitalkapazität, z.B. durch Atelektasen oder Pleuraergüsse.
In die prospektive Observationsstudie wurden 36 erwachsene Patienten eingeschlossen, die sich einem elektiven abdominalchirurgischen Eingriff unter Allgemeinanästhesie unterzogen und ein mittleres Risiko gemäß ARISCAT Score für die Entwicklung von PPC aufwiesen. Präoperativ, sowie am 1. und 3. postoperativen Tag erfolgte die Untersuchung der pulmonalen Ventilation mittels EIT in Spontanatmung, Errechnung des Center of Ventilation (COV), sowie eine Lungenfunktionsprüfung mittels Spirometrie.
Nach abdominalchirurgischen Operationen kam es zu einer statistisch signifikanten und bis zum 3. postoperativen Tag anhaltenden Verschiebung der pulmonalen Ventilation nach ventral (COVy präop. 16,5; 1. Tag postop. 17,8; 3. Tag postop. 17,4). Zudem zeigte sich eine anhaltend reduzierte Forcierten Vitalkapazität in % vom Sollwert (FVC%Soll): präop. 93%; 1. Tag postop. 58%; 3. Tag postop. 64%. Am 3. postoperativen Tag bestand unter forcierter Atmung eine negative Assoziation zwischen der Änderung des COVy und der Änderung der FVC%Soll. PPC traten bei 10 Patienten in Form von respiratorischer Insuffizienz, Atelektase und Pleuraerguss auf. Bei diesen Patienten zeigte die EIT keine komplikationsspezifischen Bilder.
Abdominalchirurgische Operationen hatten hat einen relevanten Einfluss auf die postoperative regionale Lungenventilation und somit auf die Entstehung von PPC. Die EIT hilft die Entstehung von PPC besser zu verstehen und Strategien zur Vermeidung solcher im klinischen Alltag zu implementieren.
Background
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) increase morbidity and mortality of surgical patients, duration of hospital stay and costs. Postoperative atelectasis of dorsal lung regions as a common PPC has been described before, but its clinical relevance is insufficiently examined. Pulmonary electrical impedance tomography (EIT) enables the bedside visualization of regional ventilation in real-time within a transversal section of the lung. Dorsal atelectasis or effusions might cause a ventral redistribution of ventilation. We hypothesized the existence of ventral redistribution in spontaneously breathing patients during their recovery from abdominal and peripheral surgery and that vital capacity is reduced if regional ventilation shifts to ventral lung regions.
Methods
This prospective observational study included 69 adult patients undergoing elective surgery with an expected intermediate or high risk for PPCs. Patients undergoing abdominal and peripheral surgery were recruited to obtain groups of equal size. Patients received general anesthesia with and without additional regional anesthesia. On the preoperative, the first and the third postoperative day, EIT was performed at rest and during spirometry (forced breathing). The center of ventilation in dorso-ventral direction (COVy) was calculated.
Results
Both groups received intraoperative low tidal volume ventilation. Postoperative ventral redistribution of ventilation (forced breathing COVy; preoperative: 16.5 (16.0–17.3); first day: 17.8 (16.9–18.2), p < 0.004; third day: 17.4 (16.2–18.2), p = 0.020) and decreased forced vital capacity in percentage of predicted values (FVC%predicted) (median: 93, 58, 64%, respectively) persisted after abdominal surgery. In addition, dorsal to ventral shift was associated with a decrease of the FVC%predicted on the third postoperative day (r = − 0.66; p < 0.001). A redistribution of pulmonary ventilation was not observed after peripheral surgery. FVC%predicted was only decreased on the first postoperative day (median FVC%predicted on the preoperative, first and third day: 85, 81 and 88%, respectively). In ten patients occurred pulmonary complications after abdominal surgery also in two patients after peripheral surgery.
Conclusions
After abdominal surgery ventral redistribution of ventilation persisted up to the third postoperative day and was associated with decreased vital capacity. The peripheral surgery group showed only minor changes in vital capacity, suggesting a role of the location of surgery for postoperative redistribution of pulmonary ventilation.
Die rechtzeitige Reperfusion eines ischämischen Gewebes kann einen zusätzlichen Schaden induzieren. Gezielte Interventionen in der frühen Reperfusionsphase können diesen sogenannten Reperfusionsschaden jedoch vermindern. Letzteres Phänomen beschreibt der Begriff Postkonditionierung. Volatile Anästhetika sind in der Lage, den genannten Mechanismus zu aktivieren. Dieser Vorgang wird Anästhetika-induzierte Postkonditionierung (APOST) genannt. Die vorliegende Arbeit hatte zum Ziel, die Rolle des mitochondrialen Kalzium-abhängigen Kalium-Kanals mit großer Leitfähigkeit (mBKCa) und der mitochondrialen permeability-transition-Pore (mPTP) in der Desfluran-induzierten Postkonditionierung zu beleuchten.
Zur Untersuchung der genannten Phänomene wurde ein etabliertes in vivo-Mausmodell des akuten Myokardinfarkts verwendet. Hierbei reduzierte die Gabe von 1,0 MAC Desfluran in der frühen Reperfusionsphase die Infarktgröße signifikant. Somit konnte eine Desfluran-induzierte Postkonditionierung beobachtet werden. Die pharmakologische Aktivierung des mBKCa mittels NS1619 reduzierte die Infarktgröße in einem vergleichbaren Ausmaß wie Desfluran. Weiterhin zeigten sich keine additiven Effekte bei der Kombination beider Interventionen. Als Bestätigung dessen hob die Blockade des mBKCa mittels Iberiotoxin die APOST auf. Diese Ergebnisse lassen auf eine Beteiligung des mBKCa bei der Desfluran-induzierten Postkonditionierung schließen. Durch Pharmakologische Aktivierung der mPTP mittels Atractylosid wurde die APOST aufgehoben. Das Gegenexperiment zeigte keine additiven Effekte bei gleichzeitiger Desflurangabe und Inhibierung der mPTP mittels Cyclosporin A. Die alleinige mPTP-Inhibition resultierte in Infarktgrößen, welche mit denen bei Desflurangabe vergleichbar waren. Folglich erscheint eine Beteiligung der mPTP an der Desfluran-induzierten Postkonditionierung wahrscheinlich. Die Aktivierung der mPTP konnte die kardioprotektiven Auswirkungen der mBKCa-Öffnung nicht vollständig aufheben. Ebenso wurde durch Inhibition der mPTP der Effekt der mBKCa-Blockierung nur teilweise aufgehoben. Demzufolge scheint die Signalvermittlung der APOST über den mBKCa, zumindest teilweise, mPTP-unabhängig zu sein.
Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie demonstrieren eine Beteiligung des mBKCa und der mPTP an der Desfluran-induzierten Postkonditionierung in Mäusen in vivo. Weiterhin legen sie die Vermutung nahe, dass die Signalvermittlung der APOST über den mBKCa teilweise unabhängig von der mPTP erfolgt.