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Keywords
- multiple myeloma (4)
- Stammzelltransplantation (3)
- HBV (2)
- HIV (2)
- allogene Stammzelltransplantation (2)
- allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2)
- 25-hydroxycholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (1)
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- 68Ga-DOTATOC (1)
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- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (34) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Sana Hospital Hof, Hof, Germany (1)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (1)
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany (1)
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (1)
- University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy (1)
EU-Project number / Contract (GA) number
- 701983 (1)
Vor Einführung der direkt antiviralen Kombinationstherapien war die Kombination aus pegyliertem Interferon plus Ribavirin die Standardbehandlung für Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-C-Infektion. Bei 30% der Patienten zeigten sich neurokognitive sowie depressive Nebenwirkungen, die das dauerhafte Therapieansprechen negativ beeinflussen können. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersuchten wir in unserer Arbeit bei 93 Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-C-Infektion den Zusammenhang zwischen drei Single Nucleotide Polymorphismen im Bereich des IL28B-Gens und der Verträglichkeit sowie dem Therapieerfolg einer interferonbasierten Behandlung. Der Vergleich zwischen den Ergebnissen im HADS-(Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) sowie TAPS- (Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung) Testverfahren mit den Genotypen der drei SNPs zeigte im Studienkollektiv keinen signifikanten Zusammenhang. Hinsichtlich des Therapieerfolges konnten wir bei einem der drei SNPs das C-Allel als positiven Prognosefaktor für das dauerhafte Therapieansprechen nachweisen.
Understanding the mechanisms of early invasion and epithelial defense in opportunistic mold infections is crucial for the evaluation of diagnostic biomarkers and novel treatment strategies. Recent studies revealed unique characteristics of the immunopathology of mucormycoses. We therefore adapted an alveolar Transwell® A549/HPAEC bilayer model for the assessment of epithelial barrier integrity and cytokine response to Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizomucor pusillus, and Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Hyphal penetration of the alveolar barrier was validated by 18S ribosomal DNA detection in the endothelial compartment. Addition of dendritic cells (moDCs) to the alveolar compartment led to reduced fungal invasion and strongly enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine response, whereas epithelial CCL2 and CCL5 release was reduced. Despite their phenotypic heterogeneity, the studied Mucorales species elicited the release of similar cytokine patterns by epithelial and dendritic cells. There were significantly elevated lactate dehydrogenase concentrations in the alveolar compartment and epithelial barrier permeability for dextran blue of different molecular weights in Mucorales-infected samples compared to Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Addition of monocyte-derived dendritic cells further aggravated LDH release and epithelial barrier permeability, highlighting the influence of the inflammatory response in mucormycosis-associated tissue damage. An important focus of this study was the evaluation of the reproducibility of readout parameters in independent experimental runs. Our results revealed consistently low coefficients of variation for cytokine concentrations and transcriptional levels of cytokine genes and cell integrity markers. As additional means of model validation, we confirmed that our bilayer model captures key principles of Mucorales biology such as accelerated growth in a hyperglycemic or ketoacidotic environment or reduced epithelial barrier invasion upon epithelial growth factor receptor blockade by gefitinib. Our findings indicate that the Transwell® bilayer model provides a reliable and reproducible tool for assessing host response in mucormycosis.
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a severe complication in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis is crucial to decrease its high mortality, yet the diagnostic gold standard (histopathology and culture) is time‐consuming and cannot offer early confirmation of IA. Detection of IA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) shows promising potential. Various studies have analysed its diagnostic performance in different clinical settings, especially addressing optimal specimen selection. However, direct comparison of different types of specimens in individual patients though essential, is rarely reported. We systematically assessed the diagnostic performance of an Aspergillus‐specific nested PCR by investigating specimens from the site of infection and comparing it with concurrent blood samples in individual patients (pts) with IA. In a retrospective multicenter analysis PCR was performed on clinical specimens (n = 138) of immunocompromised high‐risk pts (n = 133) from the site of infection together with concurrent blood samples. 38 pts were classified as proven/probable, 67 as possible and 28 as no IA according to 2008 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group consensus definitions. A considerably superior performance of PCR from the site of infection was observed particularly in pts during antifungal prophylaxis (AFP)/antifungal therapy (AFT). Besides a specificity of 85%, sensitivity varied markedly in BAL (64%), CSF (100%), tissue samples (67%) as opposed to concurrent blood samples (8%). Our results further emphasise the need for investigating clinical samples from the site of infection in case of suspected IA to further establish or rule out the diagnosis.
Combined MEK‐BRAF inhibition is a well‐established treatment strategy in BRAF‐mutated cancer, most prominently in malignant melanoma with durable responses being achieved through this targeted therapy. However, a subset of patients face primary unresponsiveness despite presence of the activating mutation at position V600E, and others acquire resistance under treatment. Underlying resistance mechanisms are largely unknown, and diagnostic tests to predict tumor response to BRAF‐MEK inhibitor treatment are unavailable.
Multiple myeloma represents the second most common hematologic malignancy, and point mutations in BRAF are detectable in about 10% of patients. Targeted inhibition has been successfully applied, with mixed responses observed in a substantial subset of patients mirroring the widespread spatial heterogeneity in this genomically complex disease. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is an extremely rare, extramedullary form of multiple myeloma that can be diagnosed in less than 1% of patients. It is considered an ultimate high‐risk feature, associated with unfavorable cytogenetics, and, even with intense treatment applied, survival is short, reaching less than 12 months in most cases. Here we not only describe the first patient with an extramedullary CNS relapse responding to targeted dabrafenib and trametinib treatment, we furthermore provide evidence that a point mutation within the capicua transcriptional repressor (CIC) gene mediated the acquired resistance in this patient.
Die Diagnose einer Krebserkrankung und die folgende Therapie mittels Stammzelltransplantation sind ein tiefgreifender Einschnitt in das Leben eines Menschen und können mit erheblicher psychischer Belastung einhergehen, jedoch wird im onkologischen Setting der Frage nach psychischer Belastung oft nur unzureichend nachgegangen. Die vornehmliche Intention dieser Arbeit war es, die Prävalenz von psychischer Belastung in Form von Angst- und depressiver Symptomatik nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation zu ermitteln, zu evaluieren inwiefern die Betroffenen eine adäquate Diagnostik und Behandlung erhalten sowie ferner eine Assoziation des Grades der psychischen Belastung mit soziodemographischen und medizinischen Variablen zu prüfen.
Die Datenerhebung erfolgte in Form einer prospektiv geplanten, non-interventionellen Querschnittsstudie. Der Fallzahlplanung entsprechend wurden konsekutiv 50 Patienten erfasst, welche sich in der ambulanten Nachbetreuung in der Ambulanz für Knochenmarktransplantation des Zentrums für Blutstammzelltransplantation der Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik II des Universitätsklinikums Würzburg befanden. 41 Patienten füllten den Fragebogenkatalog, bestehend aus mehreren etablierten Fragebögen, aus. Die Ausprägung der Symptomatik von Angst und Depression wurde anhand verschiedener Selbstbeurteilungs-Fragebögen bewertet. Hierzu dienten das Modul für generalisierte Angststörungen (GAD-7) und für depressive Erkrankungen (PHQ-9) des Gesundheitsfragebogens für Patienten und die kurze Version des Progredienzangst-Fragebogens (PA-F –KF). Das durchschnittliche Alter der Teilnehmer betrug 53 Jahre (21-74 Jahre). Der Mittelwert der Zeit zwischen allogener Stammzelltransplantation und der Studie betrug 614 Tage. Insgesamt 16 (39%) Patienten galten nach den genannten Definitionen als psychisch belastet. 11 dieser Patienten zeigten Symptome einer generalisierten Angststörung, 12 davon litten unter Progredienzangst und 11 Patienten zeigten Symptomatik einer Depression. Jüngeres Alter unter 55 Jahren war signifikant assoziiert mit erhöhter Progredienzangst. Nur wenige der als psychisch belastet definierten Patientin befanden sich in fachspezifischer Betreuung.
Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt auf, dass Patienten nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation häufig von psychischer Belastung betroffen sind und nur selten professionelle fachspezifische Unterstützung erhalten. Die Erfassung der psychosozialen Belastung nach einer allogenen Stammzelltransplantation sowie die Kenntnis der Auswirkungen auf den Krankheitsverlauf und die Lebensqualität eines Patienten kann genutzt werden für eine Integration der psychoonkologischen Therapie als Säule einer ganzheitlichen Behandlung im Rahmen der Stammzelltransplantation vor dem Hintergrund der Gewährleistung einer medizinisch sowie ökonomisch und menschlich optimierten Patientenversorgung.
Background: Therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are currently initially efficient, but even if a high percentage of patients have an initial complete remission (CR), most of them relapse. Recent data shows that immunotherapy with either bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can eliminate residual chemotherapy-resistant B-ALL cells.
Objective: The objective of the manuscript is to present improvements in the clinical outcome for chemotherapy-resistant ALL in the real-life setting, by describing Romania's experience with bispecific antibodies for B-cell ALL.
Methods: We present the role of novel therapies for relapsed B-cell ALL, including the drugs under investigation in phase I-III clinical trials, as a potential bridge to transplant. Blinatumomab is presented in a critical review, presenting both the advantages of this drug, as well as its limitations.
Results: Bispecific antibodies are discussed, describing the clinical trials that resulted in its approval by the FDA and EMA. The real-life setting for relapsed B-cell ALL is described and we present the patients treated with blinatumomab in Romania.
Conclusion: In the current manuscript, we present blinatumomab as a therapeutic alternative in the bridge-to-transplant setting for refractory or relapsed ALL, to gain a better understanding of the available therapies and evidence-based data for these patients in 2019.
Querschnittsanalyse zur Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation
(2019)
Diese Arbeit ist Teil einer prospektiv geplanten, nicht interventionellen Querschnittsstudie, in welcher psychische Belastungen nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation untersucht wurden. Hierfür wurden von Juli bis August 2011 Daten von 50 Patienten der KMT Ambulanz der Universitätsklinik Würzburg erhoben. Die Studienteilnehmer wurden hinsichtlich Angst, Depression und Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTBS) nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation befragt. Diese Dissertation beschäftigte sich ausschließlich mit der Entwicklung einer PTBS nach allogener Transplantation. Zur Datenerhebung wurde die Posttraumatic Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C) als etablierter und standardisierter Fragebogen verwendet. Neun Patienten gaben den Fragebogen nicht bzw. unvollständig ab, wodurch sich eine endgültige Studienteilnehmerzahl von n=41 ergab. Das mittlere Alter betrug 53,4 Jahre (21-74 Jahre), 68% waren männlich und 85% waren verheiratet. 22 Personen (54%) litten an myeloischen Tumoren, 19 (46%) litten an lymphatischen Tumoren. Die Mehrheit der Patienten erhielt periphere Blutstammzellen eines mit ihnen nicht verwandten Spenders (51%). Zum Zeitpunkt der Datenerhebung lag die Transplantation im Schnitt 21,9 Monate zurück. Von den 41 untersuchten Patienten litten laut PCL-C sechs Personen (14,6%) nach der Cut off Methode und fünf Personen (12,2%) nach der Cluster Methode an einer PTBS. Von einer partiellen PTBS waren zwei Patienten (4,9%) betroffen. Das am häufigsten angegebene PTBS-Symptom war das Erleben von Intrusionen (41,5%). Weder soziodemographische (Alter, Geschlecht, Familienstand) noch somatische Variablen (CMV Reaktivierung, akute oder chronische GvHD) zeigten eine signifikante Korrelation mit dem Auftreten einer PTBS. Ebenso konnte kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Zeit nach Transplantation und einer möglichen psychischen Regeneration festgestellt werden. Von den sechs PTBS Patienten, die mittels PCL-C ermittelt werden konnten, wurden zwei gar nicht, drei mit Psychopharmaka und nur einer mit Psychopharmaka und Psychotherapie behandelt. Somit sind die Ergebnisse als Momentaufnahme zu verstehen, die einen Bedarf für eine optimierte Versorgung reflektiert. Dies unterstreicht auch die Notwendigkeit der Durchführung weiterer, analytischer und gegebenenfalls auch interventioneller Studien in diesem Bereich, um einer PTBS vorzubeugen oder diese frühzeitig zu erkennen und entsprechend adäquat zu behandeln.
Background
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is performed in patients with aggressive forms of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The profile of B cell reconstitution after aHSCT is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate changes of B cell subsets and cytokine production of B cells in patients with SSc after aHSCT.
Methods
Peripheral blood of six patients with SSc was collected at defined intervals up to 16 months after aHSCT. Immunophenotyping was performed, and B cell function was determined by measuring cytokine secretion in supernatants of stimulated B cell cultures.
Results
Within 1 month after aHSCT, a peak in the percentage of CD38\(^{++}\)/CD10\(^+\)/IgD\(^+\) transitional B cells and CD38\(^{++}\)/CD27\(^{++}\)/IgD\(^−\) plasmablasts was detected. Long-term changes persisted up to 14 months after aHSCT and showed an increased percentage of total B cells; the absolute B cell number did not change significantly. Within the B cell compartment, an increased CD27/IgD\(^+\) naïve B cell percentage was found whereas decreased percentages of CD27\(^+\)/IgD\(^+\) pre-switched memory, CD27\(^+\)/IgD\(^−\) post-switched memory, and CD27\(^−\) /IgD\(^−\) double-negative B cells were seen after aHSCT. Cytokine secretion in B cell cultures showed significantly increased IL-10 concentrations 13 to 16 months after aHSCT.
Conclusion
A changed composition of the B cell compartment is present for up to 14 months after aHSCT indicating positive persisting effects of aHSCT on B cell homeostasis. The cytokine secretion profile of B cells changes in the long term and shows an increased production of the immune regulatory cytokine IL-10 after aHSCT. These findings might promote the clinical improvements after aHSCT in SSc patients.
Background: Accurate assessment of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic HBeAg-negative Hepatitis B is of crucial importance not only to predict the long-term clinical course, but also to evaluate antiviral therapy indication. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the utility of point shear wave elastography (pSWE) for longitudinal non-invasive fibrosis assessment in a large cohort of untreated patients with chronic HBeAg-negative hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods: 407 consecutive patients with HBeAg-negative HBV infection who underwent pSWE, transient elastography (TE) as well as laboratory fibrosis markers, including fibrosis index based on four factors (FIB-4), aspartate to platelet ratio index (APRI) and FibroTest, on the same day were prospectively followed up for six years. Patients were classified into one of the three groups: inactive carriers (IC; HBV-DNA <2000 IU/mL and ALT <40 U/L); grey zone group 1 (GZ-1; HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL and ALT >40 U/L); grey zone group 2 (GZ-2; HBV-DNA >2000 IU/mL and ALT <40 U/L). Results: pSWE results were significantly correlated with TE (r = 0.29, p < 0.001) and APRI (r = 0.17; p = 0.005). Median pSWE values did not differ between IC, GZ-1 and GZ-2 patients (p = 0.82, p = 0.17, p = 0.34). During six years of follow-up, median pSWE and TE values did not differ significantly over time (TE: p = 0.27; pSWE: p = 0.05). Conclusion: Our data indicate that pSWE could be useful for non-invasive fibrosis assessment and follow-up in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic HBV infection.
Beneficial effects of vitamin D treatment in an obese mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
(2019)
Serum vitamin D levels negatively correlate with obesity and associated disorders such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the mechanisms linking low vitamin D (VD) status to disease progression are not completely understood. In this study, we analyzed the effect of VD treatment on NASH in mice. C57BL6/J mice were fed a high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFSD) containing low amounts of VD for 16 weeks to induce obesity, NASH and liver fibrosis. The effects of preventive and interventional VD treatment were studied on the level of liver histology and hepatic/intestinal gene expression. Interestingly, preventive and to a lesser extent also interventional VD treatment resulted in improvements of liver histology. This included a significant decrease of steatosis, a trend towards lower non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score and a slight non-significant decrease of fibrosis in the preventive treatment group. In line with these changes, preventive VD treatment reduced the hepatic expression of lipogenic, inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes. Notably, these beneficial effects occurred in conjunction with a reduction of intestinal inflammation. Together, our observations suggest that timely initiation of VD supplementation (preventive vs. interventional) is a critical determinant of treatment outcome in NASH. In the applied animal model, the improvements of liver histology occurred in conjunction with reduced inflammation in the gut, suggesting a potential relevance of vitamin D as a therapeutic agent acting on the gut–liver axis.