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Schriftenreihe
A total of 36 Escherichia coli urinary tract isolates (UTI) of serotype 06, with different combinations of capsule ( K) and flagellin ( H) antigens, were analysed according to the outer membrane pattern (OMP), serum resistance properties, mannose-resistant hemagglutination using various types of erythrocytes, and also for the genetic presence and the expression of Pfimbriae. S fimbriae/F1 C fimbriae, Type 1 fimbriae, aerobactin and hemolysin. Twenty selected strains were further analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), elaborating genomic profilas by Xba I cleavage and subsequent Southern hybridization to virulence-associated DNA probes. lt could be shown that 06 UTI isolates represent a highly heterogeneaus group of strains according to the occurrence and combination of these traits. Relatedness an the genetic and the phenotypic Ievei was found for some of the strains exhibiting the same 0: K: H: F serotype. DNA Iang-range mapping further indicated some interesting features, according to the copy number and the genomic linkage of virulence genes.
The influence of different CdZnTe substrate treatments prior to II-VI molecular beam epitaxial growth on surface stoichiometry, oxygen, and carbon contamination has been studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflection high energy electron diffraction. Heating the substrate at 300 °C can eliminate oxygen contamination, but cannot completely remove carbon from the surface. Heating at higher temperatures decreases the carbon contamination only slightly, while increasing the Zn-Cd ratio on the surface considerably. The magnitude of the latter effect is surprising and is crucial when one is using lattice matched CdZnTe (Zn 4%) substrates.
Xmrk encodes a putative transmembrane glycoprotein of the tyrosine kinase family and is a melanoma-inducing gene in Xiphophorus. We attempted to investigate the biological function of the putative Xmrk receptor by characterizing its signalling properties. Since a potential Iigand for Xmrk has not yet been identified, it has been difficult to analyse the biochemical properlies and biological function of this cell surface protein. In an approach towards such analyses, the Xmrk extracellular domain was replaced by the closely related Iigand-binding domain sequences of the human epidennal growth factor receptor (HER) and the ligand-induced activity of the chimeric HER-Xmrk proteinwas examined. We show that the Xmrk protein is a functional receptor tyrosine kinase, is highly active in malignant melanoma and displays a constitutive autophosphorylation activity possibly due to an activating mutation in its extracellular or transmembrane domain. In the focus formation assay the HER-Xmrk chimera is a potent transfonning protein equivalent to other tyrosine kinase oncoproteins.
Efficient expression systems are required for analysis of gene regulation and function in teleost fish. To develop such systems, a nurober of inducible or constitutive promoter and enhancer sequences of fish or higher vertebrate origin were tested for activity in a variety of fish celllines andin embryos of the Japanese medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) and Xiphophorus. The activity of the different promoterenhancer combinations were quantitated. Considerable differences were found for some constructs if tested in vitro or in vivo. From the data obtained, a set of expression vectors for basic research as weH as for aquaculture purposes were established.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is initiated by the bite of an infected sandfly and inoculation of Leishmania major parasites into the mammalian skin. Macrophages are known to playa central role in the course of infection because they are the prime host cells and funetion as antigen-presenting eells (APC) for induetion of the eell-mediated immune response. However, in addition to maerophages in the dermis. the skin eontains epidermal Langerhans eells (LC) which ean present antigen (Ag) to T cells. Therefore, using a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis, we analyzed the ability of epidermal cells to induce a T eell response to L.major. The results demonstrated that freshly isolated LC, but not cuItured LC, are highly active in presenting L.major Ag in vitro to T cells from primed mice and to a L.major-specific T cell clone. Furthermore, freshly isolated LC had the ability to retain L.major Ag in immunogenic form for at least 2 days. Their efficiency was much greater than that of irradiated spleen cells, a standard population of APC. LC stimulated both T cell proliferation and production of the Iymphokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4. The response was Ag specific and could be induced by lysate of L. major parasites and by live organisms. The data suggest that epidermal LC are important APC in eutaneous leishmaniasis. They may perform a critical funetion by eapturing L.major Ag in the skin and presenting it either to quiescent T eells circulating through the draining lymph node or locally to T effector cells infiltrating the cutaneous lesion.
Zum eblaitischen Gott Kura
(1992)
No abstract available.