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Ce présent mémoire se donne pour objectif d’analyser le champ d’application et d’étude des concepts de biofiction et d’exofiction qui, à travers le brouillage entre la réalité la fiction, passeraient pour des récits de vie dans le roman postmoderne. Pour cela, nous avons étudié les relations entre la fiction et l’(auto)biographie, la fiction et la réalité axée sur les apports des stratégies linguistiques et conceptuelles, entre autres. Grâce à une méthode qualitative se fondant sur une approche hypothético-déductive pour montrer comment l’(auto)biographie a été retravaillée dans les deux textes, mais aussi de montrer le potentiel fictionnel, dont regorge notre sujet, à travers le récit de vie.
Outre l’intérêt que nous avons porté aux travaux de Lejeune, Vincent Colonna et François Dosse dans leurs textes respectifs Le pacte autobiographique, L’autofiction : essai sur la fictionnalisation de soi en littérature et Le pari biographique pour souligner la connexion avec notre sujet, nous avons également fait appel au concept clefs du domaine, tels que théorisés par Alexandre Gefen et Alain Buisine (1991).
The impact of stories in their ability to shape our view on the world has long been a central topic in communication science and media psychology. While reading a book or watching a movie, we are transported into story worlds and we identify with depicted protagonists. Several studies showed that high levels of transportation lead to greater story-consistent beliefs. Similar effects were found for identification. However, much less is known how and in which direction stories could affect the self. Five experimental studies were conducted and summarized in three manuscripts. Manuscript #1 explored the moderating role of transportation that could shift one’s self-perception towards traits of a depicted story character (assimilation) or away from him/her (contrast). Manuscript #2 focused on downward social comparisons with a protagonist and possible contrast effects on participants’ self-perception in relation to others, their motives and behavior. Thereby, the mediating role of transportation and identification were investigated. Finally, upward social comparison with a protagonist and related emotions (e.g., envy) that mediate possible effects on one’s self perception and behavioral intentions were investigated in manuscript #3.
This dissertation project contributes to the literature on stories and the self. Consistent with previous work, assimilation effects were found for highly transported recipients. However, stories might also elicit contrast effects on recipients’ selves and behavioral intentions that are opposite to a depicted character. Extending prior research, there were evidence that transportation and envy are important process variables explaining assimilation vs. contrast effects.