Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (290) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- no (290) (remove)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Book article / Book chapter (145)
- Journal article (81)
- Working Paper (26)
- Book (21)
- Conference Proceeding (5)
- Doctoral Thesis (5)
- Review (5)
- Habilitation (1)
- Other (1)
Keywords
- Human-Animal Studies (23)
- Animal Studies (22)
- Cultural Animal Studies (22)
- Cultural Studies (22)
- Ecocriticism (22)
- Environmental Humanities (22)
- Literary Studies (22)
- Einzelhandel (17)
- Datennetz (10)
- Kulturwissenschaften (6)
Institute
- Neuphilologisches Institut - Moderne Fremdsprachen (105)
- Institut für deutsche Philologie (81)
- Institut für Informatik (30)
- Institut für Altertumswissenschaften (26)
- Institut für Geographie und Geologie (20)
- Institut für Internationales Recht, Europarecht und Europäisches Privatrecht (18)
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie (10)
- Institut für Systematische Theologie (9)
- Institut für Altertumswissenschaften (bis Sept. 2007) (1)
- Institut für Geographie (1)
Schriftenreihe
- Cultural Animal Studies, Band 3 (22)
- Aesthetische Eigenzeiten, 17 (1)
- Akten des ... Symposiums des Mediävistenverbandes; 13,2 (1)
- Aventiuren; 13 (1)
- Epistemata. Reihe Literaturwissenschaft ; 483 (1)
- GenderCodes - Transkriptionen zwischen Wissen und Geschlecht; 17 (1)
- Image ; 185 (1)
- Jahrbuch der Oswald-von-Wolkenstein-Gesellschaft; 17 (1)
- Kaleidogramme ; 183 (1)
- Macht und Herrschaft; 15 (1)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- VolkswagenStiftung (22)
- Cologne Game Lab (2)
- Open University of the Netherlands (2)
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau (1)
- Birmingham City University (1)
- Geographisches Institut (Humboldt Universität zu Berlin) (1)
- Geographisches Institut (Universität zu Köln) (1)
- Geographisches Institut der Universität zu Köln (1)
- Geographisches Institut, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (1)
- Mediävistenverband (1)
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
Fertilität und Macht: Die Reproduktionspflicht mittelalterlicher Herrscherinnen und Herrscher
(2021)
Fertility was a key theme of medieval rulership. To conceive and give birth to sons – and thus to ensure the succession to the throne – was one of the foremost duties of medieval kings and queens. But what happened when a male child died in infancy, no male child was born, or no pregnancy ever came about? Barrenness could have dramatic consequences in the Middle Ages, for example expulsion, divorce or conflicts over royal succession. Against this historical background, it seems logical that the fate of the childless ruler would be recounted in the form of a ‘Passion narrative’. In the German literature of the Middle Ages, however, there are also interpretative models of a contrary vein to be found. In the year 1220, for instance, Ebernand of Erfurt construed the wedded life of the imperial couple Henry and Kunigunde as a tale of resistance against the royal obligation to reproduce. In his versified legend, composed in the vernacular, the couple secretly agrees not to fulfil society’s expectations, but to lead a chaste marriage. Yet above and beyond legend, childless rulers were also subject to the impact of multifarious legal, religious, medical, narrative and discursive factors. Taking Michel Foucault as a point of departure, this contribution shows how fertility became a field of power on which hierarchies between rulers and subjects, men and women were negotiated, while also shedding light on how religious and secular ideals clashed in the assessment of infertility.
The recently published ITU-T Recommendation G1.032 proposes a list of factors that may influence cloud and online gaming Quality of Experience (QoE). This paper provides two practical evaluations of proposed system and context influence factors: First, it investigates through an online survey (n=488) the popularity of platforms, preferred ways of distribution, and motivational aspects including subjective valuations of characteristics offered by today's prevalent gaming platforms. Second, the paper evaluates a large dataset of objective metrics for various gaming platforms: game lists, playthrough lengths, prices, etc., and contrasts these metrics against the gamers' opinions. The combined data-driven approach presented in this paper complements in-person and lab studies usually employed.
In den letzten drei Jahrzehnten expandierten Supermarktketten aus dem Globalen Norden in Länder des Globalen Südens. Insbesondere Länder mit einem raschen wirtschaftlichen Wachstum und damit neuen Marktpotentialen waren dabei Expansionsziele. Zugleich zeigt sich innerhalb der Länder des Globalen Südens eine Ausbreitung von regionalen Supermarktketten. Mittlerweile gehört frisches Obst und Gemüse fast immer zum Sortiment dieser Einzelhandelsunternehmen.
Bisher untersuchte eine Reihe von Studien die Auswirkungen der Kooperation mit den Einzelhändlern auf die landwirtschaftlichen Produzierenden. Weniger ist dagegen bekannt, welche Liefersysteme und Intermediäre für die Verbindung zwischen landwirtschaftlichen Produzierenden und Supermarktketten in Ländern des Globalen Südens bestehen und sich entwickeln. Insbesondere für leicht verderbliche Frischeprodukte (Obst und Gemüse) ist die Herausbildung dieser Intermediäre eine große Herausforderung. Die vorliegende Studie betrachtet den Zusammenhang zwischen der räumlichen und zeitlichen Ausbreitung von Supermärkten und der Etablierung von Liefersystemen sowie Intermediären am Beispiel von Kenia und Tansania.
Immersive, sensor-enabled technologies such as augmented and virtual reality expand the way human beings interact with computers significantly. While these technologies are widely explored in entertainment games, they also offer possibilities for educational use. However,their uptake in education is so far very limited. Within the ImTech4Ed project, we aim at systematically exploring the power of interdisciplinary, international hackathons as a novel method to create immersive educational game prototypes and as a means to transfer these innovative technical prototypes into educational use. To achieve this, we bring together game design and development, where immersive and interactive solutions are designed and developed; computer science, where the technological foundations for immersive technologies and for scalable architectures for these are created; and teacher education, where future teachers are educated. This article reports on the concept and design of these hackathons.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive autonomy loss and need for care. This does not only affect patients themselves, but also the patients’ informal caregivers (CGs) in their health, personal and professional lives. The big efforts of this multi-center study were not only to evaluate the caregivers' burden and to identify its predictors, but it also should provide a specific understanding of the needs of ALS patients' CGs and fill the gap of knowledge on their personal and work lives. Using standardized questionnaires, primary data from patients and their main informal CGs (n = 249) were collected. Patients' functional status and disease severity were evaluated using the Barthel Index, the revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R) and the King’s Stages for ALS. The caregivers' burden was recorded by the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Comorbid anxiety and depression of caregivers were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Additionally, the EuroQol Five Dimension Five Level Scale evaluated their health-related quality of life. The caregivers' burden was high (mean ZBI = 26/88, 0 = no burden, ≥24 = highly burdened) and correlated with patients' functional status (r\(_p\) = −0.555, p < 0.001, n = 242). It was influenced by the CGs' own mental health issues due to caregiving (+11.36, 95% CI [6.84; 15.87], p < 0.001), patients' wheelchair dependency (+9.30, 95% CI [5.94; 12.66], p < 0.001) and was interrelated with the CGs' depression (r\(_p\) = 0.627, p < 0.001, n = 234), anxiety (r\(_p\) = 0.550, p < 0.001, n = 234), and poorer physical condition (r\(_p\) = −0.362, p < 0.001, n = 237). Moreover, female CGs showed symptoms of anxiety more often, which also correlated with the patients' impairment in daily routine (r\(_s\) = −0.280, p < 0.001, n = 169). As increasing disease severity, along with decreasing autonomy, was the main predictor of caregiver burden and showed to create relevant (negative) implications on CGs' lives, patient care and supportive therapies should address this issue. Moreover, in order to preserve the mental and physical health of the CGs, new concepts of care have to focus on both, on not only patients but also their CGs and gender-associated specific issues. As caregiving in ALS also significantly influences the socioeconomic status by restrictions in CGs' work lives and income, and the main reported needs being lack of psychological support and a high bureaucracy, the situation of CGs needs more attention. Apart from their own multi-disciplinary medical and psychological care, more support in care and patient management issues is required.
Immersive virtual environments provide users with the opportunity to escape from the real world, but scripted dialogues can disrupt the presence within the world the user is trying to escape within. Both Non-Playable Character (NPC) to Player and NPC to NPC dialogue can be non-natural and the reliance on responding with pre-defined dialogue does not always meet the players emotional expectations or provide responses appropriate to the given context or world states. This paper investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Natural Language Processing to generate dynamic human-like responses within a themed virtual world. Each thematic has been analysed against humangenerated responses for the same seed and demonstrates invariance of rating across a range of model sizes, but shows an effect of theme and the size of the corpus used for fine-tuning the context for the game world.
Modern immersive multimodal technologies enable the learners to completely get immersed in various learning situations in a way that feels like experiencing an authentic learning environment. These environments also allow the collection of multimodal data, which can be used with artificial intelligence to further improve the immersion and learning outcomes. The use of artificial intelligence has been widely explored for the interpretation of multimodal data collected from multiple sensors, thus giving insights to support learners’ performance by providing personalised feedback. In this paper, we present a conceptual approach for creating immersive learning environments, integrated with multi-sensor setup to help learners improve their psychomotor skills in a remote setting.
This paper gives an overview of our recent activities in the field of satellite communication networks, including an introduction to geostationary satellite systems and Low Earth Orbit megaconstellations. To mitigate the high latencies of geostationary satellite networks, TCP-splitting Performance Enhancing Proxies are deployed. However, these cannot be applied in the case of encrypted transport headers as it is the case for VPNs or QUIC. We summarize performance evaluation results from multiple measurement campaigns. In a recently concluded project, multipath communication was used to combine the advantages of very heterogeneous communication paths: low data rate, low latency (e.g., DSL light) and high data rate, high latency (e.g., geostationary satellite).
Durch die globale Organisation von Lebensmittelwarenketten steht Konsument*innen heute ein vielfältiges, ganzjährig nahezu gleichbleibendes Angebot an frischem Obst und Gemüse im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel zur Verfügung. Damit einher geht eine erhöhte Komplexität beim Lebensmitteleinkauf und ein verändertes Wissen von Konsument*innen, über die Waren: Das eigene Erfahren der Lebensmittelproduktion ist im Alltag heute nicht mehr möglich. Statt praktischem Wissen gewinnt damit explizites und objektiviertes Wissen über die Waren, z.B. in Form von Siegeln an Bedeutung. Viele Produkt- und Produktionseigenschaften entziehen sich zudem der Kenntnis der Konsument*innen, während gleichzeitig das Bewusstsein für Fragen sozialer und ökologischer Nachhaltigkeit steigt.
Die vorliegende Studie geht vor diesem Hintergrund am Beispiel des Einkaufs von frischem Obst und Gemüse der Frage nach, welche Bedeutung die Herkunftsangabe als Hinweis auf die Geographien der Waren für die Bewertung von frischem Obst und Gemüse hat und welches Wissen Konsument*innen über Waren und deren Biographien haben. Es wird zudem aufgezeigt, welche Rolle Nichtwissen beim Lebensmittelkonsum spielt.
Die Studie liefert Erkenntnisse für die bislang im deutschsprachigen Raum noch vergleichsweise wenig repräsentierte Konsumgeographie und macht Konzepte aus der Wissens- und Organisationssoziologie für die wirtschaftsgeographische Forschung fruchtbar. Aus einer Praxisperspektive bietet sie Anschlusspunkte für Fragen des nachhaltigen Konsums sowie des Verbraucherschutzes.
Time-to-Live (TTL) caches decouple the occupancy of objects in cache through object-specific validity timers. Stateof- the art techniques provide exact methods for the calculation of object-specific hit probabilities given entire cache hierarchies with random inter-cache network delays. The system hit probability is a provider-centric metric as it relates to the origin offload, i.e., the decrease in the number of requests that are served by the content origin server. In this paper we consider a user-centric metric, i.e., the response time, which is shown to be structurally different from the system hit probability. Equipped with the state-of-theart exact modeling technique using Markov-arrival processes we derive expressions for the expected object response time and pave a way for its optimization under network delays.
Utilizing multiple access technologies such as 5G, 4G, and Wi-Fi within a coherent framework is currently standardized by 3GPP within 5G ATSSS. Indeed, distributing packets over multiple networks can lead to increased robustness, resiliency and capacity. A key part of such a framework is the multi-access proxy, which transparently distributes packets over multiple paths. As the proxy needs to serve thousands of customers, scalability and performance are crucial for operator deployments. In this paper, we leverage recent advancements in data plane programming, implement a multi-access proxy based on the MP-DCCP tunneling approach in P4 and hardware accelerate it by deploying the pipeline on a smartNIC. This is challenging due to the complex scheduling and congestion control operations involved. We present our pipeline and data structures design for congestion control and packet scheduling state management. Initial measurements in our testbed show that packet latency is in the range of 25 μs demonstrating the feasibility of our approach.
To reopen educational institutions and return to the classroom, we all need to modify how we act to successfully face the challenges of the new normal resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and entailing our insights into and the after-effects of the pandemic. More specifically, the new normal might encompass online education we are getting used to during the pandemic and the age-old onsite education as well. Thoughtfully integrated, online and onsite learning combine to create blended learning. However, the pertinent literature reveals that English as a foreign language (EFL) students and teachers differently perceive and react to blended learning in diverse contexts. This study was designed to explore student and teacher perceptions of and reactions to blended learning in the Department of English, Jahangirnagar University in the new normal. Fifty undergraduates of EFL and eight teachers of the department participated in the study. To collect data from them, the Student Questionnaire and the Teacher Questionnaire were used. And the data were processed by applying the SPSS programme module. The findings revealed that the majority of the students and the teachers had mostly positive perceptions of blended learning, although the former did not have sufficient exposure to online learning and the latter lacked adequate insights into online teaching. Further, both the students and the teachers expressed mostly positive reactions to blended learning in the new normal, though the former deemed online examinations inadequately smooth and reliable, and the latter had insufficient experience of online instruction and assessment. The study categorically recommends reforming the curriculum, adopting relevant instructional strategies, developing suitable materials, customizing the assessment, integrating and installing technology, training the teachers, upskilling the students for blended learning, improving the infrastructure, and adjusting the management.
Globale Wertschöpfungsketten stellen nicht nur hochkomplexe Beziehungsgefüge dar, sondern unterliegen auch einem ständigen Wandlungsprozess. Ein zentraler Treiber dieser Wandlungsprozesse ist der technologische Fortschritt. Moderne Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien, insbesondere die Phänomene der Digitalisierung und des Online-Handels, sind derzeit von besonderer Bedeutung für Wertschöpfungsketten, da unterschiedliche Fortschritte in der Digitalisierung nicht nur zu wirtschaftlichen Vor- und Nachteilen von Unternehmen führen können, sondern auch zu Up- bzw. Downgradingprozessen innerhalb der Wertschöpfungsketten.
In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Fokus auf den handels- bzw. konsumentennahen Teil von Wertschöpfungsketten gelegt, um die Folgen der Digitalisierung für Hersteller, Händler und Konsumenten näher zu betrachten. Als konkretes Forschungsbeispiel dient die deutsche Schuhbranche, da sich diese gegenwärtig – von Industrie bis Handel – in einem umfassenden Strukturwandel befindet. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich die Komplexität von Wertschöpfungsketten im Zuge der Digitalisierung deutlich erhöht (hat). In der Schuhbranche drängen neue Akteure auf den Markt, bestehende Akteure müssen sich anpassen. Direkte Folgen sind nicht nur eine neue Akteurskonstellation, sondern auch ein sich neu bildendes Machtgefüge. Es kommt somit zur Restrukturierung bisheriger Wertschöpfungsketten.
The article deals with the notion of internet aggression (cyber aggression). It considers the mentioned term from both psychological and communicative approaches. The paper also provides detailed analyses of the cyber aggression in political discourse. The provided ex-amples are taken from the speeches of politicians during the time of Covid pandemic. The author also identifies several types of cyber aggression.
Tactile Internet aims at allowing perceived real-time interactions between humans and machines. This requires satisfying a stringent latency requirement of haptic data streams whose data rates vary drastically as the results of perceptual codecs. This introduces a complex problem for the underlying network infrastructure to fulfill the pre-defined level of Quality of Service (QoS). However, novel networking hardware with data plane programming capability allows processing packets differently and opens up a new opportunity. For example, a dynamic and network-aware resource management strategy can help satisfy the QoS requirements of different priority flows without wasting precious bandwidth. This paper introduces virtual queues for service differentiation between different types of traffic streams, leveraging protocol independent switch architecture (PISA). We propose coordinating the management of all the queues and dynamically adapting their sizes to minimize packet loss and delay due to network congestion and ensure QoS compliance.
This research paper concentrates on the analysis of the aphoristic potential of G. W. Bush’s presidential rhetoric. Aphorisms are the most ancient laconic forms of expressing original and completed thoughts which reveal the peculiarity of their authors’ world perception and worldview. From this perspective, these units can serve as the means of values codification. Repeatability and widespread use of aphorisms in various communications contribute to transmitting the values and ideas between the generations.
Political aphorisms, which are a combination of aphoristic expressions from political communication and discourse, play an important role in this process. The authors of these expressions are not only politicians, but also philosophers, historians, writers, celebrities of different nationalities and generations. Presidential rhetoric is an integral and significant part of political discourse.
The use of aphorisms as the means of codification of national and common human values in President G. W. Bush’s formal addresses and speeches is intentional. It makes them concise and original, influential and convincing. Aphoristic expressions denoting common human values show the ideas and beliefs of their authors, as well as the politician, about life, justice, equality, freedom, faith, family. Aphorisms defining national values become the means of updating concepts of democracy, unity and diversity, freedom and security, success, and opportunity to fulfill one’s potential in American society. The distinctive feature of G.W. Bush’s rhetoric is the frequent use of aphorisms whose authors are the Founding Fathers.
English language is being taught as a second foreign language in India. For most of the learners in India, English still a foreign language or target language. The study of this language is important to fulfill different kinds of academic and professional requirements. Still, there is a big gulf between demand and supply for which the failure of the system is largely responsible as its main emphasis on to adherence to the foreign curriculum. The government tries to impose this curriculum on English teachers, but, in fact, the curriculum is outdated.
A Case Study of the Basic Learners’ Struggles in Guessing from Context to Retain Words Learned
(2022)
Guessing meaning from context is a challenging strategy for Second Language Learners (SLLs). In using the strategy, research found that poor students or low proficiency learners struggled in their attempts to use it. Mainly, it was reported that it was due to their vocabulary knowledge was limited. In another aspect, retaining vocabulary learnt is also important. Such is essential since learning vocabulary does not mean knowing the definition only. Yet, learners must also be able to use the vocabulary as they engage in language skills such as reading, writing, speaking and listening. The study aims at finding the hindrances faced among poor students’ using contextual clues in retaining vocabulary. The study employed a case study to collect data from two basic students studying at a tertiary level. The study found that their hindrances in guessing meaning contexts were due to their being confused in guessing meaning when reading a sentence. Also, it was found that they were not able to find clues since they lacked vocabulary to guess correctly. The study implied that guessing meaning from context required sizeable vocabulary knowledge. Therefore, more training is necessary to assist basic learners in being successful in guessing from contexts.
The paper analyses specific characteristics of language that influence the development of culture and societies. The problem of the connection between language and culture has occupied the minds of many famous scientists: some believe that language is a part of the culture as a whole; others think that language is only a form of cultural expression. Undoubtedly, language constitutes a vital component of the cultural background underlying social development. Language is an essential means of communication and interaction. However, language is at the same time sovereign about culture as a whole and can be separate from culture or compared to culture as an equal element (i.e., that language is neither a form nor a component of culture).
In the present chapter, an attempt has been made to discuss the need to create Zambian English to address English language variations in Zambia. No language in the world can remain the same after interacting with other languages. The present chapter intends to propose and support the idea of using ‘Zambian English’ for both formal and informal business. Such a measure would create the communicative competence that the majority of the Zambians have always longed for. In Zambia, the purpose of using English language office is to deliberate day to day’s business. On the contrary, this has been found to be an obstacle to those who lack principles of command in the language usage, but are able to construct sentences for communicative purposes yet are deprived in international interactions. The views expressed in this chapter are those of the language experts who were engaged in a conversation with regard to the possibility of creating what would be known as Zambian English (ZamEnglish).
In time-sensitive networks (TSN) based on 802.1Qbv, i.e., the time-aware Shaper (TAS) protocol, precise transmission schedules and, paths are used to ensure end-to-end deterministic communication. Such resource reservations for data flows are usually established at the startup time of an application and remain untouched until the flow ends. There is no way to migrate existing flows easily to alternative paths without inducing additional delay or wasting resources. Therefore, some of the new flows cannot be embedded due to capacity limitations on certain links which leads to sub-optimal flow assignment. As future networks will need to support a large number of lowlatency flows, accommodating new flows at runtime and adapting existing flows accordingly becomes a challenging problem. In this extended abstract we summarize a previously published paper of us [1]. We combine software-defined networking (SDN), which provides better control of network flows, with TSN to be able to seamlessly migrate time-sensitive flows. For that, we formulate an optimization problem and propose different dynamic path configuration strategies under deterministic communication requirements. Our simulation results indicate that regularly reconfiguring the flow assignments can improve the latency of time-sensitive flows and can increase the number of flows embedded in the network around 4% in worst-case scenarios while still satisfying individual flow deadlines.
Today’s advanced Internet-of-Things applications raise technical challenges on cloud, edge, and fog computing. The design of an efficient, virtualized, context-aware, self-configuring orchestration system of a fog computing system constitutes a major development effort within this very innovative area of research. In this paper we describe the architecture and relevant implementation aspects of a cloudless resource monitoring system interworking with an SDN/NFV infrastructure. It realizes the basic monitoring component of the fundamental MAPE-K principles employed in autonomic computing. Here we present the hierarchical layering and functionality within the underlying fog nodes to generate a working prototype of an intelligent, self-managed orchestrator for advanced IoT applications and services. The latter system has the capability to monitor automatically various performance aspects of the resource allocation among multiple hosts of a fog computing system interconnected by SDN.
Future mobile communication networks, such as 5G and beyond, can benefit from Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) when deployed on cloud infrastructures to achieve elasticity and scalability. However, new challenges arise as to managing states of Network Functions (NFs). Especially control plane VNFs, which are mainly found in cellular core networks like the 5G Core (5GC), received little attention since the shift towards virtualizing NFs. Most existing solutions for these core networks are often complex, intrusive, and are seldom compliant with the standard. With the emergence of 5G campus networks, UEs will be mainly machine-type devices. These devices communicate more deterministically, bringing new opportunities for elaborated state management. This work presents an emulation environment to perform rigorous measurements on state access patterns. The emulation comes with a fully parameterized Markov model for the UE to examine a wide variety of different devices. These measurements can then be used as a solid base for designing an efficient, simple, and standard conform state management solution that brings us further towards stateless core networks.
In scientific research, the independent reproduction of experiments is the source of trust. Detailed documentation is required to enable experiment reproduction. Reproducibility awards were created to honor the increased documentation effort. In this work, we propose a novel approach toward reproducible research—a structured experimental workflow that allows the creation of reproducible experiments without requiring additional efforts of the researcher. Moreover, we present our own testbed and toolchain, namely, plain orchestrating service (pos), which enables the creation of such experimental workflows. The experiment is documented by our proposed, fully scripted experiment structure. In addition, pos provides scripts enabling the automation of the bundling and release of all experimental artifacts. We provide an interactive environment where pos experiments can be executed and reproduced, available at https://gallenmu.github.io/single-server-experiment.
Shannon channel capacity estimation, based on large packet length is used in traditional Radio Resource Management (RRM) optimization. This is good for the normal transmission of data in a wired or wireless system. For industrial automation and control, rather short packages are used due to the short-latency requirements. Using Shannon’s formula leads in this case to inaccurate RRM solutions, thus another formula should be used to optimize radio resources in short block-length packet transmission, which is the basic of Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLCs). The stringent requirement of delay Quality of Service (QoS) for URLLCs requires a link-level channel model rather than a physical level channel model. After finding the basic and accurate formula of the achievable rate of short block-length packet transmission, the RRM optimization problem can be accurately formulated and solved under the new constraints of URLLCs. In this short paper, the current mathematical models, which are used in formulating the effective transmission rate of URLLCs, will be briefly explained. Then, using this rate in RRM for URLLC will be discussed.
The increased occurrence of Software-Defined-Networking (SDN) not only improves the dynamics and maintenance of network architectures, but also opens up new use cases and application possibilities. Based on these observations, we propose a new network topology consisting of a star and a ring topology. This hybrid topology will be called wheel topology in this paper. We have considered the static characteristics of the wheel topology and compare them with known other topologies.
Spray‐drying is a scalable process enabling one to assemble freely chosen nanoparticles into supraparticles. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) allows for controlled thin film deposition of a vast variety of materials including exotic ones that can hardly be synthesized by wet chemical methods. The properties of coated supraparticles are defined not only by the nanoparticle material chosen and the nanostructure adjusted during spray‐drying but also by surface functionalities modified by ALD, if ALD is capable of modifying not only the outer surfaces but also surfaces buried inside the porous supraparticle. Simultaneously, surface accessibility in the porous supraparticles must be ensured to make use of all functionalized surfaces. In this work, iron oxide supraparticles are utilized as a model substrate as their magnetic properties enable the use of advanced magnetic characterization methods. Detailed information about the structural evolution upon individual ALD cycles of aluminium oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are thereby revealed and confirmed by gas sorption analyses. This demonstrates a powerful and versatile approach to freely designing the functionality of future materials by combination of spray‐drying and ALD.
The nameless protagonist of the postmodern novel Monsieur, written by Belgian author Jean-Philippe Toussaint, can be described as a rather strange man. He lacks ambition, a drive for action and seems to be unfit for daily life. He constantly fails to accomplish his predestined role as a real man, as for instance to pay the bill for dinner when dating a woman. The scope of the present paper is to analyse, on the one hand, how this novel deconstructs hegemonial concepts of masculinity but, on the other hand, is in itself also a parody of the latter.
This article examines principles of gender assignment in the German and Spanish language and in this way tries to answer the question of why loanwords are preferably assigned a particular gender and what criteria motivate this choice. After introducing some general aspects about gender as well as some important properties of the German and Spanish gender systems, this paper compares several formal (morphological and phonological) and semantic rules regarding gender assignment. Despite large structural differences between the languages, the comparison shows that the assignment rules prove to be in a sense cross-lingual, which do not only testify to the assumption but also the validity of an underlying system of rules.
In this contribution, chants of the followers of the Argentine football team Boca Juniors are analyzed with regard to possible identity constructions and othering. The results of the corpus-driven discourse-linguistic analysis demonstrate in particular metaphors and topoi that can be highlighted as a constitutive part of the discursive construction of a Boca Juniors supporters’ identity and the otherings of River Plate hinchas. Through the use of certain metaphors and determined lexical fields that clearly call for acts of violence, a masculine ethos is discursively constructed among Bocas own followers, which goes far beyond comparable insulting and cheering chants of comparable European football teams.
Despite some critical voices, in German linguistics the concept of confix can meanwhile be considered as an established morpheme category. Schmidt (1987) introduced the term into German to describe bound morphemes that are lexical, but not inflectable. Since the 2000s, an increasing number of publications deal with the phenomenon and the term has begun to enter linguistic reference works as well. In French, the situation is completely different due to the structure of the language (poor in compounds and mostly post-determinative). Although the term and the concept have originall y been coined by the French structuralist André Martinet ([1961] \(^3\)1980 ), the denomination itself is barely present in Romance linguistics. French researchers usually take different approaches to discuss the phenomenon (e.g., neoclassical compounds, constructed lexemes). In Italian, the denominations confisso/ confissazione are first used by De Mauro (1999), who adopts both the term and concept directly from Martinet; moreover, they can be found in some contributions on word formation and lexicology (e.g., Adamo/Della Valle 2008). Nevertheless, the Italian termino-logy remains heterogeneous, with some researchers still using the terms prefissoide/suffissoide coined by Migliorini (1963). As I will show by comparing the languages in question, the terminology and the concept of confixes vary greatly between Romance and Germanic languages.
In this article dedicated to Jean-Paul Sartre’s first novel La Nausée, we analyze how the idea of conversion to art grows in the imagination of the hero, Antoine Roquentin. Furthermore we show that all the narrative actions in the novel are based on the hero’s communicational interaction with the other characters. This lonely person who complains in his diary about social exclusion, yet he converts to art not through his reflections, but through communica-ting with the other characters. Also, many critical studies on La Nausée have considered jazz music that the hero listens to in a café as the critical moment of his conversion. In our opinion this reflects juste one phase of a connected sequence of events through which the hero passes from a state of relational negativity and existential alienation to a state of openness, achieved again mainly by the virtue of other characters.
French history of literature is undoubtedly characterized by a tradition of social criticism portraying the working class’ misery that can be traced back at least to the 19th century. Among these depictions, Zola’s novels have a prominent position. This is, among other aspects, due to their pretended scientific foundation and their pretentious claims to be scientific studies. The contemporary author Édouard Louis situates himself in this tradition of Zola’s naturalism. This invites us to examine the interrelation between Zola and Louis more closely. Based on the common ground of scientific foundation, scientific ambition and social commitment pursued in their novels, it will be demonstrated that Louis is a late-modern Zola whose milieu and character descriptions follow in detail Zola’s constructions.
Due to an ever-increasing number of automobiles on the roads, automobility fails more and more to fulfil its promise of free individual mobility, leading to traffic density and congestions of unprecedented proportions. However, those conditions seem to possess an aesthetic potential which we seek to analyze in terms of literature. Therefore, we are going to look on three novels from Romance-language areas: Julio Cortázar’s short story La autopista del sur (1966), Carlo Lucarelli’s novel Autosole (1998) and Grégoire Gauchet’s novel Les robinsons de l’autoroute (2018). First, we will analyze the nature of deceleration/congestion by referring to human geographer Tim Cresswell’s concept of friction. Second, we will examine recurring motifs linked to the deceleration/congestion in all novels before taking a closer look at Gauchet’s novel where the friction not only applies to traffic but also to human relationships. The aim is to look at different literary representations of an everyday experience like traffic congestion and to see how literature deals with such an occurrence.
Teaching comprises all types of disciplines and teachers need to look outside the confines of English as a Second Language. The acquisition of knowledge comes in a variety of the learners’ educational potential. English as a Second Language in teaching and learning, focuses on active learner’s involvement and reduction of coercion. Indeed, Gibran’s thoughts remain true that “wisdom leads one to discuss his or her potentials. To realize this, teachers in all educational levels have to portray a less dominant classroom role in accord with the importance of classroom interaction in the teaching learning process.
N.A. Flaunders retorted that “in the average classroom someone is talking for two-thirds of the time, two-thirds of the task is direct influence.” What does this mean? Students’ participation or interaction in the classroom has a significant content to enhance their linguistic competence and its core basis is how to use the language as the most important factor in the classroom. Comprehending the information caters one to establish a fair and well-balanced condition that teachers are facilitators, and the learners are to stay in the frontline.
In today’s classroom setting, the adoption-adaption of teaching strategies focuses on the learners’ ability to have a strong command or fluency of the language. ESL is learned around the globe and the learners’ interests are the primary goals in the teaching and learning process. Colin Blakemore once said that “True knowledge, as Plato argues, must be within us all, and learning consists of solely of discussing what we already know.”
In an ESL classroom, discovery of knowledge is not a new game. Teachers do perform their tasks and the learners serve not as passive listeners but as active recipients in the transformation-sharing of all the five macro skills namely speaking, reading, writing, listening, and viewing. In fact, if commitment, knowledge of subject-matter for independent learning, and management of learning are packaged in one big box, both the teachers and the learners will operate a mutual process of generating a lively culture and quality of educational life.
With the aforementioned views I had experienced in teaching ESL, the teacher’s passion for teaching and attitude in dealing with the learners create a strong impact on the learners cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.
Nach ersten, wenig erfolgreichen Entwicklungsimpulsen in den 1990er Jahren ist der Online-Lebensmitteleinzelhandel in Deutschland inzwischen in eine Expansionsphase übergegangen, die durch einen Wandel unterschiedlicher Einflussfaktoren begünstigt wurde, so zuletzt beispielsweise durch Rahmenbedingungen der Covid-19-Pandemie. Diese Entwicklung führt dabei nicht nur zu einer Herausbildung neuer oder transformierter Betriebsformen, sondern treibt auch einen Wandel von räumlichen Organisationstrukturen an, der veränderte Standortanforderungen handelnder Akteure mit sich bringt.
Diese Arbeit untersucht jene Veränderungen in Bezug auf Logistik, Lagerinfrastruktur und Filialsysteme anhand von ausgewählten Unternehmensbeispielen aus dem ergänzenden, reinen sowie kombinierten E-Commerce. Dabei bedient sich die Arbeit einerseits am theoretischen Ansatz der Multi-Level-Perspektive aus dem Blickwinkel der Transitionsforschung, um zu ergründen, warum eine Expansion des Online-Lebensmitteleinzelhandels heute im Gegensatz zu den 1990er Jahren begünstigt wird. Andererseits wird mithilfe eines Methodenmixes aus Sekundärdatenanalyse und qualitativer Forschung analysiert, welche Charakteristika die neuen Betriebsformen aufweisen und welche veränderten Ansprüche diese an die Organisationsstruktur sowie die Standorte von Handelsunternehmen stellen.
Dabei kann verdeutlicht werden, dass logistische Abläufe (wie auch der Ort der Warenübergabe) heute eine hohe Relevanz für die Charakteristik einer Betriebsform aufweisen und der Online-Lebensmitteleinzelhandel somit zu einer größeren Hybridisierung des Lebensmitteleinkaufs – überwiegend in urbanen Räumen – führt. Dies zeigt zudem, dass bisherige Betriebsformensystematiken nicht mehr ausreichen, um die komplexen Merkmale der neuen Betriebsformen und Vertriebsmodelle hinreichend abzubilden.
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
This paper discusses the problem of finding multiple shortest disjoint paths in modern communication networks, which is essential for ultra-reliable and time-sensitive applications. Dijkstra’s algorithm has been a popular solution for the shortest path problem, but repetitive use of it to find multiple paths is not scalable. The Multiple Disjoint Path Algorithm (MDPAlg), published in 2021, proposes the use of a single full graph to construct multiple disjoint paths. This paper proposes modifications to the algorithm to include a delay constraint, which is important in time-sensitive applications. Different delay constraint least-cost routing algorithms are compared in a comprehensive manner to evaluate the benefits of the adapted MDPAlg algorithm. Fault tolerance, and thereby reliability, is ensured by generating multiple link-disjoint paths from source to destination.
State Management at line rate is crucial for critical applications in next-generation networks. P4 is a language used in software-defined networking to program the data plane. The data plane can profit in many circumstances when it is allowed to manage its state without any detour over a controller. This work is based on a previous study by investigating the potential and performance of add-on-miss insertions of state by the data plane. The state keeping capabilities of P4 are limited regarding the amount of data and the update frequency. We follow the tentative specification of an upcoming portable-NIC-architecture and implement these changes into the software P4 target T4P4S. We show that insertions are possible with only a slight overhead compared to lookups and evaluate the influence of the rate of insertions on their latency.
Utilizing multiple access networks such as 5G, 4G, and Wi-Fi simultaneously can lead to increased robustness, resiliency, and capacity for mobile users. However, transparently implementing packet distribution over multiple paths within the core of the network faces multiple challenges including scalability to a large number of customers, low latency, and high-capacity packet processing requirements. In this paper, we offload congestion-aware multipath packet scheduling to a smartNIC. However, such hardware acceleration faces multiple challenges due to programming language and platform limitations. We implement different multipath schedulers in P4 with different complexity in order to cope with dynamically changing path capacities. Using testbed measurements, we show that our CMon scheduler, which monitors path congestion in the data plane and dynamically adjusts scheduling weights for the different paths based on path state information, can process more than 3.5 Mpps packets 25 μs latency.
Web caches often use a Time-to-live (TTL) limit to validate data consistency with web servers. We study the impact of TTL constraints on the hit ratio of basic strategies in caches of fixed size. We derive analytical results and confirm their accuracy in comparison to simulations. We propose a score-based caching method with awareness of the current TTL per data for improving the hit ratio close to the upper bound.
This paper presents a novel concept to extend state-of-the-art buffer monitoring with additional measures to estimate service-curves. The online algorithm for service-curve estimation replaces the state-of-the-art timestamp logging, as we expect it to overcome the main disadvantages of generating a huge amount of data and using a lot of CPU resources to store the data to a file during operation. We prove the accuracy of the online-algorithm offline with timestamp data and compare the derived bounds to the measured delay and backlog. We also do a proof-of- concept of the online-algorithm, implement it in LabVIEW and compare its performance to the timestamp logging by CPU load and data-size of the log-file. However, the implementation is still work-in-progress.
This paper presents a prototypical implementation of the In-band Network Telemetry (INT) specification in P4 and demonstrates a use case, where a Tofino Switch is used to measure device and network performance in a lab setting. This work is based on research activities in the area of P4 data plane programming conducted at the network lab of HTW Berlin.
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
Packets sent over a network can either get lost or reach their destination. Protocols like TCP try to solve this problem by resending the lost packets. However, retransmissions consume a lot of time and are cumbersome for the transmission of critical data. Multipath solutions are quite common to address this reliability issue and are available on almost every layer of the ISO/OSI model. We propose a solution based on a P4 network to duplicate packets in order to send them to their destination via multiple routes. The last network hop ensures that only a single copy of the traffic is further forwarded to its destination by adopting a concept similar to Bloom filters. Besides, if fast delivery is requested we provide a P4 prototype, which randomly forwards the packets over different transmission paths. For reproducibility, we implement our approach in a container-based network emulation system called Kathará.
Der Lebensmittelonlinehandel in Deutschland gewann, verstärkt durch die Covid-19-Pandemie, an Umsatzanteilen im Lebensmitteleinzelhandel. Hierdurch wurden neue Anforderungen an Arbeit und Beschäftigung in Deutschland geschaffen. Insbesondere in urbanen Räumen hat die Lebensmittelzustellung durch neu entstandene Betriebsformen zugenommen. So entstehen durch das Versprechen der Betriebe, Lebensmittel in kurzen Zeiträumen zu liefern, verschiedene Logistikstandorte und u.a. urbane Fahrradlieferdienste. Während Medien und Gewerkschaften bereits vor der Entstehung prekärer Arbeitsbedingungen warnen, sind die genauen Auswirkungen des Lebensmittelonlinehandels auf die Entwicklung neuer Arbeitsstandorte und die dort stattfindende Beschäftigung nur unzureichend bekannt. Diese Arbeit untersucht den Lebensmittelonlinehandel anhand seiner Betriebsformen, Standorte und Arbeitsprozesse sowie deren Auswirkungen auf Beschäftigte in Deutschland. Den konzeptionellen Hintergrund bilden Arbeiten der geographischen Handelsforschung sowie Debatten zu Arbeitsplatzqualität und Beschäftigung. Für die Analyse sind Primärdaten und Sekundärdaten erhoben worden. Es zeigt sich, dass teilweise komplexe Betriebsformen entstehen, bei denen sich die Arbeit und Arbeitsorte verändern. Zudem entstehen neue Herausforderungen für die Beschäftigten (u.a. physische und psychische Belastung), welche in dieser Arbeit identifiziert werden.
Am westlichen Rand der sogenannten Windsheimer Bucht wurde in den Jahren 2012–2019 der Randbereich einer, nach allgemeiner Befundlage wohl nur kurzfristig bestehenden, Siedlung der älteren Linearbandkeramik ausgegraben. Herausragende Einzelbefunde sind ein vollständiger und ein baugleicher halber Grundriss eines Langhauses mit Y-Pfostenstellung. Anhand der keramischen Funde ist eine Einordnung an den Beginn der Phase Flomborn möglich, ältestbandkeramische Elemente sind allerdings noch deutlich vertreten. Somit liegt ein wichtiger Fundplatz für diesen Übergangsbereich vor. Radiocarbondaten stützen eine Datierung ins 51. Jh. v. Chr. Beobachtungen zur Verfüllungsgeschichte und Sedimentgenese an den hausbegleitenden Gruben lassen Erkenntnisse zur Bauweise erwarten.
No abstract available.
Archäobotanische Großrestuntersuchungen in der frühneolithischen Fundstelle Gallmersgarten-Mörlbach erbrachten, trotz geringer Fundmengen, ein zeittypisches Kulturpflanzenspektrum. Drei Getreidearten – Emmer (Triticum dicoccon), Einkorn (Triticum monococcum), Nacktgerste (Hordeum vulgare) –, eine Hülsenfrucht – Erbse (Pisum sativum) – und Lein (Linum usitatissmum) als Öl- und Faserpflanze fanden sich in den Proben, welche aus archäologischen Strukturen genommen wurden. Wildpflanzen wie Weißer Gänsefuß (Chenopodium album-Typ), Schwarzer Nachtschatten (Solanum nigrum) oder Gezähnter Feldsalat (Valerianella dentata) könnten durchaus die bandkeramische Küche bereichert haben. Als Besonderheit dürfte das Grannenfragment von Pfriemengras (Stipa) gelten, welches in den wohl offenen Wäldern in der Umgebung der Siedlung wuchs.
In Schönbach wurden im Rahmen der Erschließung eines Neubaugebiets Reste einer frühneolithischen Siedlung auf der „Aindlinger Terrassentreppe“ gefunden, die im Areal der Ausgrabung u. a. acht Hausgrundrisse, Öfen und zahlreiche Schlitzgruben umfassten. Sechs der Hausgrundrisse lassen durch Überlagerungen auf eine gewisse Siedlungskontinuität mit mindestens zwei Phasen schließen. Die Häuser entsprechen grundsätzlich in Ausrichtung und Aufbau dem Typus der Zeitstellung. Etwas aus dem Rahmen fallen jedoch die unterdurchschnittliche Größe der Häuser und der Siedlungsstandort mit einer Lage von etwa 460 m üNN und außerhalb der üblichen Lössböden.
Perlen aus grünem Gestein stellen eine regional sehr eng auf das östliche Südbayern begrenzte Besonderheit innerhalb der Linienbandkeramischen Kultur (LBK) dar. Mithilfe petrographischer und chemischer Analysen derartiger Stücke aus Stephansposching und Aiterhofen-Ödmühle können Chlorit und seltener Serpentinit als Rohmaterialien identifiziert werden. Dabei handelt es sich jeweils um ausgesprochen weiche Gesteine. Zwar ist eine Herkunft aus dem Bereich des Bayerischen Waldes – und somit aus der Nähe der Fundorte – möglich, kann aber nicht belegt werden.
Im Landkreis Regensburg, zwischen den Ortschaften Sünching und Riekofen wurde 2020/21 im Rahmen von Straßenbaumaßnahmen eine Kreisgrabenanlage der späten Münchshöfener Kultur entdeckt. Die ovaloide, SSW-NNO-orientierte Anlage umspannte ehemals ein Areal von 110 × 70 m, wurde aber nur partiell ergraben. Sie besteht aus zwei großen Außengräben, zwei kleineren Innengräbchen, von denen eines als Palisadengräbchen identifiziert wurde, sowie aus drei Querriegeln. Die Außengräben deuten eine Zweiphasigkeit des Grabenwerks an. Ursprünglich wurde es mit Eingängen im Norden und Südosten angelegt. Der nördliche Eingang wurde später geschlossen und der südöstliche stark verkleinert. Eingangssituationen in den Innengräbchen ließen sich nicht beobachten.
Bemerkenswert ist das Riekofener Erdwerk dadurch, dass es über eine mehrphasige Innenbebauung verfügt. Hervorzuheben sind hierbei die Reste dreier NNW-SSO ausgerichteter Wandgräbchenbauten, von denen bayernweit nur wenige vergleichbare Exemplare bekannt sind. Ein weiterer, wenngleich nicht vollständig gesicherter Wandgräbchenbau findet sich am einstigen nördlichen Eingang der Anlage. Ferner konnten die Grundrisse dreier, wohl ebenfalls münchshöfenzeitlich datierender Pfostenbauten dokumentiert werden. Gebäude dieser Art finden ebenfalls nur wenige Vergleiche und stellen, wie die Wandgräbchenbauten eine wichtige Bereicherung des bisher bekannten Quellenbestands dar.
Für die Steinartefakte der ältesten Linearbandkeramik (LBK) liegen bisher kaum mikrofossile oder chemische Analysen zur Herkunftsbestimmung der Rohmaterialien vor, was das Bild der Rohmaterialversorgung auf einem sehr allgemeinen Niveau hält. Es werden die Rohmaterialanalysen des Inventars Langenbach-Niederhummel, Lkr. Freising, Obb., vorgestellt und mit dem bisherigen Forschungsstand diskutiert. Es zeigt sich die intensive Anbindung an das Revier des Ortenburger Raumes, was die Bedeutung der Isar als Verbindungsweg unterstreicht. Aufgrund der technologischen Analyse des Inventars ist von einer Produktion innerhalb der Siedlung auszugehen, was auf eine Selbstversorgung der Siedlung schließen lässt. Dies betont, dass sich die Siedlung in einer eher isolierten Position befand und es noch kein etabliertes Weitergabenetzwerk für Austauschprozesse gab. Mehrere Rohmaterialtypen weisen über das Verbreitungsgebiet der ältesten Linearbandkeramik hinaus. Vor allem die angezeigten transalpinen Verbindungen lassen sich durch weitere Beispiele in einen räumlichen und zeitlichen Kontext setzen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen eine Kontinuität dieser Routen seit dem Mesolithikum, die sich nach der Linearbandkeramik auch in späteren neolithischen Phasen abzeichnen. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Ergebnisse stellt sich die Frage nach dem Mobilitätsfaktor, der ursächlich für solche Rohmaterialbezüge ist.
Im Rahmen bauvorgreifender Untersuchungen durch die Stadtarchäologie Straubing unter Leitung von Frau Ildiko Bősze konnten in den Jahren 2018 und 2019 im Südosten von Straubing, im Bereich des dortigen Wasserwerks, Teile einer älterlinienbandkeramischen Siedlung erfasst werden. Neben einigen Gruben und vier Hausgrundrissen kamen im nördlichen Bereich der Fläche die Überreste zweier Grubenöfen zu Tage, die hier ausführlich besprochen werden sollen. Als in den letzten Jahren selten anzutreffende Befundgattung und aufgrund ihrer auffällig unterschiedlichen Konstruktionsweisen mit und ohne Steinpflasterung bilden die beiden Straubinger Grubenöfen zwei interessante Untersuchungsobjekte. Mit der Verbreitung der Grubenöfen vom Rheinland bis zum Donauknie und der zeitlichen Beschränkung praktisch ausschließlich auf die LBK handelt es sich um ein Konstruktionsprinzip, das in der Zeit vor den ersten Ackerbauern und auch im anschließenden Mittelneolithikum nicht genutzt wurde (Pechtl 2008, 72–74). Es erscheint daher erstrebenswert, die Befunde sowie die anzusprechende Keramik aus den beiden Grubenöfen aufzuarbeiten und vorzulegen.
In network research, reproducibility of experiments is not always easy to achieve. Infrastructures are cumbersome to set up or are not available due to vendor-specific devices. Emulators try to overcome those issues to a given extent and are available in different service models. Unfortunately, the usability of emulators requires time-consuming efforts and a deep understanding of their functionality. At first, we analyze to which extent currently available open-source emulators support network configurations and how user-friendly they are. With these insights, we describe, how an ease-to-use emulator is implemented and may run as a Network Emulator as a Service (NEaaS). Therefore, virtualization plays a major role in order to deploy a NEaaS based on Kathará.
Service orchestration requires enormous attention and is a struggle nowadays. Of course, virtualization provides a base level of abstraction for services to be deployable on a lot of infrastructures. With container virtualization, the trend to migrate applications to a micro-services level in order to be executable in Fog and Edge Computing environments increases manageability and maintenance efforts rapidly. Similarly, network virtualization adds effort to calibrate IP flows for Software-Defined Networks and eventually route it by means of Network Function Virtualization. Nevertheless, there are concepts like MAPE-K to support micro-service distribution in next-generation cloud and network environments. We want to explore, how a service distribution can be improved by adopting machine learning concepts for infrastructure or service changes. Therefore, we show how federated machine learning is integrated into a cloud-to-fog-continuum without burdening single nodes.
On the basis of four relevées of hedges around Straiton en Dailly in South Ayrshire, Scotland, some features of hedges are discussed. On the basis of the brambles, the vegetation of these hedges can be assigned to the Pruno-Rubion sprengelii, which comprises the bramble scrubs of circumneutral and nutrient rich soils in West Europe (Haveman et al. 2017, Haveman & de Ronde 2019). Until now, this alliance was thought to be restricted to the northwestern edge of the European continent, but based on these relevées and the known distribution area of Rubus nemoralis and Rubus polyanthemus, both characteristic for the Pruno-Rubion sprengelii, large parts of North England and Scotland have to be included in the distribution area of the alliance.
The Pruno-Rubion sprengelii is optimally developed in rather narrow structures, like hedges, which are pruned every year. Here, brambles and herbs alike can grow with and under the shrubs, facilitated by the light that reaches large parts of the ground. Where the economic base of hedges perishes, they are not longer maintained, and the shrubs can grow out to their natural proportions. This changes the amount of light reaching the surface in the inner parts of the thicket, changing the competition between the species. The brambles as well as the herbs are displaced to the outer edges of the scrub, and the vegetation "dissociates" in a high-growing scrub, a fore-mantle ("cuff") with brambles, and a fringe with perennial herbs. These elements can hardly ever be assigned to the Pruno-Rubion anymore.
The Pruno-Rubion sprengelii in optima forma is a scrub in which the three elements (shrubs, brambles, and herbs) grow closely intertwined. This is rarely found in natural landscapes, and thus the alliance is a typical element of the old farmer landscape. What is more: the typical species of the alliance, like Rubus nemoralis and R. polyanthemus, could only evolve after the landscape was opened by farmers in the last six millennia (Matzke-Hajek 1997), giving way to Rubus ulmifolius to expand its distribution area. This caused an explosion of hybrids which stabilised through apomixis into the wealth of Rubus species inhibiting the West European landscape nowadays (Sochor et al. 2015). Many of these species have their original home in a man-made landscape. Therefore, the Pruno-Rubion sprengelii can be characterised as a "farmers alliance" pur sang.
Hieracium rotundatum subsp. silvae-bavaricae wird als neu für die Wissenschaft beschrieben und abgebildet. Die neue Unterart gehört zu einem Formenkreis von Arten (H. rotundatum, H. transylvanicum), dessen Hauptverbreitung auf dem Balkan liegt. Die wechselvolle nomenklatorische Geschichte des Artnamens wird nachgezeichnet. Diagnostische Merkmale zur Unterscheidung der in der Wuchsform ähnlichen Arten H. murorum, H. rotundatum und H. transylvanicum werden diskutiert. Dabei wird auf die Bedeutung der Ausbildung des Grundblattzyklus besonders hingewiesen. Entgegen bisheriger Kenntnis reicht die nordwestliche Verbreitungsgrenze von H. rotundatum nun bis Südost-Bayern. Bei der Suche nach H. rotundatum konnte auch eine morphologisch auffällige Unterart von H. rotundatum nachgewiesen werden, die hier als neu beschrieben wird.
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
Welche Erinnerung zählt? Die UnSichtbarkeit geschlechtsspezifischer Gewalt im Raum der Kirche
(2023)
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
Das Westjordanland – Wo Vulnerabilitäten ein politisches Vakuum erzeugen und damit gefährlich werden
(2023)
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
In recent years, satellite communication has been expanding its field of application in the world of computer networks. This paper aims to provide an overview of how a typical scenario involving 5G Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) for vehicle to everything (V2X) applications is characterized. In particular, a first implementation of a system that integrates them together will be described. Such a framework will later be used to evaluate the performance of applications such as Vehicle Monitoring (VM), Remote Driving (RD), Voice Over IP (VoIP), and others. Different configuration scenarios such as Low Earth Orbit and Geostationary Orbit will be considered.
The introduction of new types of frequency spectrum in 6G technology facilitates the convergence of conventional mobile communications and radar functions. Thus, the mobile network itself becomes a versatile sensor system. This enables mobile network operators to offer a sensing service in addition to conventional data and telephony services. The potential benefits are expected to accrue to various stakeholders, including individuals, the environment, and society in general. The paper discusses technological development, possible integration, and use cases, as well as future development areas.
How to Model and Predict the Scalability of a Hardware-In-The-Loop Test Bench for Data Re-Injection?
(2023)
This paper describes a novel application of an empirical network calculus model based on measurements of a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test system. The aim is to predict the performance of a HIL test bench for open-loop re-injection in the context of scalability. HIL test benches are distributed computer systems including software, hardware, and networking devices. They are used to validate complex technical systems, but have not yet been system under study themselves. Our approach is to use measurements from the HIL system to create an empirical model for arrival and service curves. We predict the performance and design the previously unknown parameters of the HIL simulator with network calculus (NC), namely the buffer sizes and the minimum needed pre-buffer time for the playback buffer. We furthermore show, that it is possible to estimate the CPU load from arrival and service-curves based on the utilization theorem, and hence estimate the scalability of the HIL system in the context of the number of sensor streams.
Bauvorgreifende Ausgrabungen für die Erweiterungen eines Baugebietes in der Gemeinde Postau, Lkr. Landshut, ergaben eine kleine Fundstelle der Michelsberger Kultur. Die Keramik aus drei Befunden datiert auf Basis formenkundlicher Überlegungen an den Übergang zwischen der Münchshöfener und der Altheimer Kultur. Funde dieser in Südostbayern verbreiteten Kulturstufen fehlen im Inventar jedoch vollständig.
Obwohl die Siedlung von Postau-Obere Gartenstraße südlich des Verbreitungsschwerpunktes der Michelsberger Kultur in Nordbayern liegt, fügt sie sich in eine Reihe bekannter Fundstellen im Isartal ein. Dies legt den Verdacht nahe, dass die Isar von den Trägern der Michelsberger Kultur als Verkehrsweg genutzt wurde.
Nach bisheriger Kenntnis sind aus den Alpen Vorkommen von fünf Taraxacum-Kleinarten der Sektion Borealia in Frankreich, der Schweiz, Österreich, Italien und Slowenien bekannt: Taraxacum gallicum, Taraxacum handelii, T. kraettlii, T. mazzettii und T. melzerianum. Zwischen 2004 und 2014 wurden diese Vorkommen und weitere potentielle Wuchsorte aufgesucht. Durch detaillierte Untersuchung der Vorkommen vor Ort sowie zahlreicher Belege aus mehreren europäischen Herbarien können nun Merkmale ergänzt, präzisiert und einige Fehler, Unklarheiten in den Originalbeschreibungen korrigiert und Lücken ergänzt werden. Zahlreiche Fotos und Zeichnungen sowie ein neugefasster Schlüssel sollen den Zugang zur Sektion Borealia erleichtern. Mit Taraxacum cimae-gallinae vom Hühnerspiel bei Sterzing (Italien, Südtirol) wird eine neue Art der Sektion Borealia beschrieben. Die Wuchsorte der Borealia-Arten in der alpinen Stufe sind überwiegend Schotterböden auf windgefegten Graten und Gipfelverebnungen. Diese sind derzeit sowohl durch den Ski-Tourismus als auch durch die Klimaerwärmung gefährdet.
Bauvorgreifende Ausgrabungen für die Erweiterungen eines Baugebietes in der Gemeinde Postau, Lkr. Landshut, ergaben eine kleine Fundstelle der Michelsberger Kultur. Die Keramik aus drei Befunden datiert auf Basis formenkundlicher Überlegungen an den Übergang zwischen der Münchshöfener und der Altheimer Kultur. Funde dieser in Südostbayern verbreiteten Kulturstufen fehlen im Inventar jedoch vollständig.
Obwohl die Siedlung von Postau-Obere Gartenstraße südlich des Verbreitungsschwerpunktes der Michelsberger Kultur in Nordbayern liegt, fügt sie sich in eine Reihe bekannter Fundstellen im Isartal ein. Dies legt den Verdacht nahe, dass die Isar von den Trägern der Michelsberger Kultur als Verkehrsweg genutzt wurde.
Erratum zu Thomas Richter, Die Michelsberger Fundstelle Postau-Obere Gartenstraße, S. 135–143 https://doi.org/10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-219-5-135 in L. Husty / T. Link / J. Pechtl (Hrsg.), Neue Materialien des Bayerischen Neolithikums 4 – Tagung im Kloster Windberg vom 12. bis 14. November 2021. Würzburger Studien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichtlichen Archäologie 8 (Würzburg 2023). https://doi.org/10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-219-5
Cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM) systems depend on a reliable communication to provide their service and more crucially to ensure the safety of users. One way to ensure the reliability of a data transmission is to use multiple transmission technologies in combination with redundant flows. In this paper, we describe a system requiring multipath communication in the context of CCAM. To this end, we introduce a data plane-based scheduler that uses replication and integration modules to provide redundant and transparent multipath communication. We provide an analytical model for the full replication module of the system and give an overview of how and where the data-plane scheduler components can be realized.
Cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM) systems depend on a reliable communication to provide their service and more crucially to ensure the safety of users. One way to ensure the reliability of a data transmission is to use multiple transmission technologies in combination with redundant flows. In this paper, we describe a system requiring multipath communication in the context of CCAM. To this end, we introduce a data plane-based scheduler that uses replication and integration modules to provide redundant and transparent multipath communication. We provide an analytical model for the full replication module of the system and give an overview of how and where the data-plane scheduler components can be realized.
Jutta Kneisel, Anna K. Loy, Oliver Nakoinz und Stefanie Schaefer-Di Maida formulieren ein Modell, das verschiedene Stufen der Eskalation und der Deeskalation von Konflikten unterscheidet, und untersuchen für die Südzone des Nordischen Kreises sowie für Polen, wie die Deeskalationsstufen in der materiellen Kultur der Bronze- und frühen Eisenzeit – von einzelnen Objekten bis hin zur Umgestaltung von Landschaften – Ausdruck fanden.
Raimund Karl diskutiert Konfliktlösungsmodi, wie sie üblich waren während der allmählichen Herausbildung (staatlicher) Zentralgewalten in Europa. Die frühen europäischen Rechtssysteme bestanden in der Explikation mündlich tradierter oder der Verschriftlichung lokal konstituierter Rechtsverständnisse, für die trotz der entstehenden Zentralgewalten vor allem Selbsthilfemechanismen maßgebend waren.
Auf der Suche nach Frieden. Zur Gestaltung von Nachkriegsordnungen – eine archäologische Spurensuche
(2024)
Ein in der archäologischen Konfliktforschung bislang wenig beachtetes Thema, die Geschehnisse nach Kampfhandlungen und die Etablierung einer Nachkriegsordnung, verbunden mit der Entstehung symbolischer Landschaften als Element einer Erinnerungskultur, behandelt Stefan Burmeister, der unter anderem die Ereignisse nach dem sog. Karfreitagsgefecht der Bundeswehr am 2. April 2010 in Afghanistan und die Rolle der materiellen Kultur in diesem Kontext analysiert.
Lotta Mayer fragt nach akephalen Konfliktkonstellationen in Gesellschaften, in denen entweder eine Zentralgewalt zwar existiert, jedoch faktisch nicht willens bzw. nicht in der Lage ist, Konflikte zu regulieren, oder aber den Konfliktparteien selbst daran gelegen ist, ein Eingreifen der Zentralgewalt durch klandestines Handeln zu verhindern, und sie deshalb auf Formen der Selbstregulation von Konflikten zurückgreifen
In einer ethnologisch-vergleichenden Perspektive zeigt Christoph Antweiler auf, dass auch in nichtindustriellen Gesellschaften Gewaltlosigkeit aktiv hergestellt werden muss, welche Ressourcen und kulturellen Kompetenzen dazu erforderlich sind und welche Rolle dritte Personen oder Instanzen dabei spielen können. Mechanismen gewaltfreier Konfliktregelung beschreibt er anhand des Fallbeispiels der Semai in Malaysia.