Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (24) (remove)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (24)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Journal article (24)
Language
- English (24)
Keywords
- ideomotor theory (3)
- Psychologie (2)
- action control (2)
- action effects (2)
- cognitive conflict (2)
- India (1)
- Internet Behaviour (1)
- MARC effect (1)
- Non-reactive Measurement (1)
- SNARC (1)
- SNARC effect (1)
- Search Volume Index (1)
- Simon task (1)
- Twitter (1)
- United States (1)
- Wardrobe Malfunction (1)
- action and perception (1)
- action observation (1)
- action planning (1)
- action representation (1)
- action-effects (1)
- action–effect compatibility (1)
- agency (1)
- and justice for all (1)
- anticipatory planning (1)
- asymmetry (1)
- behavior (1)
- bimodality (1)
- binding (1)
- body ownership (1)
- body representation (1)
- child development (1)
- classification (1)
- cognitive control (1)
- cognitive load (1)
- conflict adaptation (1)
- conflict experience (1)
- conflict strength (1)
- congruency sequences (1)
- creativity (1)
- decision making (1)
- developmental disorders (1)
- disembodiment (1)
- dishonest responding (1)
- dishonesty (1)
- distractor-response binding (1)
- distribution analysis (1)
- elections (1)
- embodied cognition (1)
- embodiment (1)
- end-state comfort effect (1)
- episodic binding (1)
- error processing (1)
- experimental design (1)
- forced-choice (1)
- free choice (1)
- free-choice (1)
- habits (1)
- history (1)
- honesty (1)
- intentional binding (1)
- line (1)
- linguistic markedness (1)
- lying (1)
- lying behavior (1)
- magnitude (1)
- measures (1)
- memory bias (1)
- mental representation (1)
- metaanalysis (1)
- monitoring (1)
- morality (1)
- motion tracking (1)
- motor control (1)
- motor development (1)
- motor simulation (1)
- movement tracking (1)
- moving rubber hand illusion (1)
- multisensory processing (1)
- null hypothesis testing (1)
- numerical cognition (1)
- observation (1)
- observation inflation (1)
- p-value (1)
- perception and action (1)
- performance monitoring (1)
- personality (1)
- political theory (1)
- post-error slowing (1)
- pre-error speeding (1)
- proprioceptive drift (1)
- psychology (1)
- response-time analysis (1)
- right-oriented bias (1)
- rule retrieval (1)
- self-serving dishonesty (1)
- sense of agency (1)
- sequence analysis (1)
- significance testing (1)
- social actions (1)
- sociomotor control (1)
- space (1)
- spatial binding (1)
- spatial numerical associations (1)
- statistical significance (1)
- temporal processing (1)
- thinking style (1)
- tool use (1)
- unethical behaviour (1)
- virtual hand illusion (1)
Institute
- Institut für Psychologie (24) (remove)
In three experiments, we examined the cognitive underpinnings of self-serving dishonesty by manipulating cognitive load under different incentive structures. Participants could increase a financial bonus by misreporting outcomes of private die rolls without any risk of detection. At the same time, they had to remember letter strings of varying length. If honesty is the automatic response tendency and dishonesty is cognitively demanding, lying behavior should be less evident under high cognitive load. This hypothesis was supported by the outcome of two out of three experiments. We further manipulated whether all trials or only one random trial determined payoff to modulate reward adaptation over time (Experiment 2) and whether payoff was framed as a financial gain or loss (Experiment 3). The payoff scheme of one random or all trials did not affect lying behavior and, discordant to earlier research, facing losses instead of gains did not increase lying behavior. Finally, cognitive load and incentive frame interacted significantly, but contrary to our assumption gains increased lying under low cognitive load. While the impact of cognitive load on dishonesty appears to be comparably robust, motivational influences seem to be more elusive than commonly assumed in current theorizing.
Previous research, mainly focusing on the situational preconditions of rule violations, indicates that feelings of being watched by other agents promote rule compliance. However, the cognitive underpinnings of this effect and of rule violations in general have only attracted little scientific attention yet. In this study, we investigated whether cues of being observed not only reduce the likelihood of violating rules but also affect the underlying cognitive processes of such behavior when still putting a rule violation into action. Therefore, we applied a motion-tracking paradigm in which participants could violate a simple stimulus-response mapping rule while being faced with pictures of either open or closed eyes. In line with prior research, temporal and spatial measures of the participants' movements indicated that violating this rule induced substantial cognitive conflict. However, conflict during rulebreaking was not moderated by the eye stimuli. This outcome suggests that rule retrieval constitutes an automatic process which is not or is only barely influenced by situational parameters. Moreover, our results imply that the effect of perceived observation on rule conformity is driven by normative influences on decision-making instead of social facilitation of dominant action tendencies.
Converging evidence from controlled experiments suggests that the mere processing of a number and its attributes such as value or parity might affect free choice decisions between different actions. For example the spatial numerical associations of response codes (SNARC) effect indicates the magnitude of a digit to be associated with a spatial representation and might therefore affect spatial response choices (i.e., decisions between a "left" and a "right" option). At the same time, other (linguistic) features of a number such as parity are embedded into space and might likewise prime left or right responses through feature words [odd or even, respectively; markedness association of response codes (MARC) effect]. In this experiment we aimed at documenting such influences in a natural setting. We therefore assessed number space and parity space association effects by exposing participants to a fair distribution task in a card playing scenario. Participants drew cards, read out loud their number values, and announced their response choice, i.e., dealing it to a left vs. right player, indicated by Playmobil characters. Not only did participants prefer to deal more cards to the right player, the card's digits also affected response choices and led to a slightly but systematically unfair distribution, supported by a regular SNARC effect and counteracted by a reversed MARC effect. The experiment demonstrates the impact of SNARC- and MARC-like biases in free choice behavior through verbal and visual numerical information processing even in a setting with high external validity.
The subjective experience of controlling events in the environment alters the perception of these events. For instance, the interval between one's own actions and their consequences is subjectively compressed—a phenomenon known as intentional binding. In two experiments, we studied intentional binding in a social setting in which actions of one agent prompted a second agent to perform another action. Participants worked in pairs and were assigned to a “leader” and a “follower” role, respectively. The leader's key presses triggered (after a variable interval) a tone and this tone served as go signal for the follower to perform a keypress as well. Leaders and followers estimated the interval between the leader's keypress and the following tone, or the interval between the tone and the follower's keypress. The leader showed reliable intentional binding for both intervals relative to the follower's estimates. These results indicate that human agents experience a pre-reflective sense of agency for genuinely social consequences of their actions.