Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (115)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Review (115) (remove)
Keywords
- Rezension (48)
- Psychologie (6)
- Toxikologie (2)
- Activation induced cell death/AICD (1)
- Albertina (1)
- Albertus-Universität (1)
- Ameise (1)
- Anergy (1)
- Anton Ulrich Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg (1)
- Apoptosis (1)
Institute
- Institut für Geschichte (18)
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (16)
- Institut für deutsche Philologie (13)
- Neuphilologisches Institut - Moderne Fremdsprachen (10)
- Institut für Psychologie (bis Sept. 2007) (8)
- Institut für Slavistik (6)
- Neuphilologisches Institut - Moderne Fremdsprachen (bis 2007) (5)
- Institut für Altertumswissenschaften (4)
- Institut für Psychologie (4)
- Physikalisches Institut (3)
Faces in context: A review and systematization of contextual influences on affective face processing
(2012)
Facial expressions are of eminent importance for social interaction as they convey information about other individuals’ emotions and social intentions. According to the predominant “basic emotion” approach, the perception of emotion in faces is based on the rapid, auto- matic categorization of prototypical, universal expressions. Consequently, the perception of facial expressions has typically been investigated using isolated, de-contextualized, static pictures of facial expressions that maximize the distinction between categories. However, in everyday life, an individual’s face is not perceived in isolation, but almost always appears within a situational context, which may arise from other people, the physical environment surrounding the face, as well as multichannel information from the sender. Furthermore, situational context may be provided by the perceiver, including already present social infor- mation gained from affective learning and implicit processing biases such as race bias.Thus, the perception of facial expressions is presumably always influenced by contextual vari- ables. In this comprehensive review, we aim at (1) systematizing the contextual variables that may influence the perception of facial expressions and (2) summarizing experimental paradigms and findings that have been used to investigate these influences. The studies reviewed here demonstrate that perception and neural processing of facial expressions are substantially modified by contextual information, including verbal, visual, and auditory information presented together with the face as well as knowledge or processing biases already present in the observer. These findings further challenge the assumption of auto- matic, hardwired categorical emotion extraction mechanisms predicted by basic emotion theories. Taking into account a recent model on face processing, we discuss where and when these different contextual influences may take place, thus outlining potential avenues in future research.
Rezension zu Deutsche Reichstagsakten, Deutsche Reichstagsakten. Reichsversammlungen 1556–1662. Hrsg. v. der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften durch Maximilian Lanzinner. Der Reichstag zu Regensburg 1556/57. 2 Teilbde. Bearb. v. Josef Leeb. München, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag 2013
Rezension zu Diplomatische Korrespondenz, Die Diplomatische Korrespondenz Kurbayerns zum Westfälischen Friedenskongress. Bd. 2: Die diplomatische Korrespondenz Kurfürst Maximilians I. von Bayern mit seinen Gesandten in Münster und Osnabrück. Teilbd. 2: August – November 1645. Bearb. v. Gabriele Greindl u. Gerhard Immler. (Quellen zur Neueren Geschichte Bayerns, I, Bd. 2/2.) München, Kommission für bayerische Landesgeschichte 2013
Rezension zu Habsburgermonarchie, Die Habsburgermonarchie 1848–1918. Im Auftrag des Instituts für Neuzeit- und Zeitgeschichtsforschung, Forschungsbereich Geschichte der Habsburgermonarchie hrsg. v. Helmut Rumpler. Bd. 11: Die Habsburgermonarchie und der Erste Weltkrieg. Teilbd. 2: Weltkriegsstatistik Österreich-Ungarn 1914–1918. Bevölkerungsbewegung, Kriegstote, Kriegswirtschaft. Bearb. v. Helmut Rumpler u. Anatol Schmied-Kowarzik. Wien, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 2014
No abstract available.
No abstract available.
In effector T and B cells immune receptor signals induce within minutes a rise of intracellular Ca++, the activation of the phosphatase calcineurin and the translocation of NFAT transcription factors from cytosol to nucleus. In addition to this first wave of NFAT activation, in a second step the occurrence of NFATc1/αA, a short isoform of NFATc1, is strongly induced. Upon primary stimulation of lymphocytes the induction of NFATc1/αA takes place during the G1 phase of cell cycle. Due to an auto-regulatory feedback circuit high levels of NFATc1/αA are kept constant during persistent immune receptor stimulation. Contrary to NFATc2 and further NFATc proteins which dampen lymphocyte proliferation, induce anergy and enhance activation induced cell death (AICD), NFATc1/αA supports antigenmediated proliferation and protects lymphocytes against rapid AICD. Whereas high concentrations of NFATc1/αA can also lead to apoptosis, in collaboration with NF-κB-inducing co-stimulatory signals they support the survival of mature lymphocytes in late phases after their activation. However, if dysregulated, NFATc1/αA appears to contribute to lymphoma genesis and – as we assume – to further disorders of the lymphoid system. While the molecular details of NFATc1/αA action and its contribution to lymphoid disorders have to be investigated, NFATc1/αA differs in its generation and function markedly from all the other NFAT proteins which are expressed in lymphoid cells. Therefore, it represents a prime target for causal therapies of immune disorders in future.