Refine
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (36)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (10)
- Master Thesis (7)
- Bachelor Thesis (6)
- Journal article (4)
- Book (3)
- Report (3)
- Working Paper (2)
- Conference Proceeding (1)
Keywords
- China (36) (remove)
Institute
- Institut für Kulturwissenschaften Ost- und Südasiens (25)
- Institut für Geographie und Geologie (4)
- Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät (3)
- Volkswirtschaftliches Institut (2)
- Betriebswirtschaftliches Institut (1)
- Graduate School of the Humanities (1)
- Institut für Kulturwissenschaften Ost- und Südasiens (bis Sept. 2007) (1)
- Institut für Politische Wissenschaft (1)
- Institut für deutsche Philologie (1)
- Missionsärztliche Klinik (1)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
This project explores Tan Yunxian's journey of becoming a female doctor in the Ming dynasty. Among all the surviving Ming medical books, Tan Yunxian's medical case book is the only one that was written by a woman. It seems natural, considering she had both scholar-official and medical family backgrounds. Yet, social expectations consider it more suitable for a lady to remain in the household, and not treat patients outside. To legitimize Tan Yunxian's pursuit of a medical career, she applied several strategies to resolve potential criticism toward her and her family. These strategies are analyzed through her autobiographical preface in her medical case book. The project also explores Ming male literatis' perspectives toward Tan Yunxian, the factors that contributed to the preservation and publication of her medical case book, and examined her medical cases under the social-historical and micro-history contexts.
With the late twentieth-century reform of the labour market in China, jobs ceased to be guaranteed by the government, and higher education became more and more a requirement for even low-level positions. A surplus of academics and a lack of skilled workers are consequences of these developments - yet vocational education, a clear solution to this problem, has had a persistently negative reputation as a second-class education, suitable only for weak students whose results are too low for an academic middle school.
Against this background, Entering Society analyses the social environments, personalities, values and perceptions of vocational education students over three years in Shanghai. The results show how adolescents stigmatized by society view themselves, their education, their identities and their futures.
Zhao Ji (1082-1135), better known as Emperor Huizong (r. 1100-1126) of the Southern Song Dynasty (960-1127) gained a reputation as supreme perfectionist as artist, art collector and connoisseur, a ruler devoted to the faith of Daoism, squandering a fortune on building palaces and halls and on landscape gardening. A famous example of his costly ‘folie de grandeur’ is the Sacred Northeast Mountain Peak Genyue, a gigantic rock garden in the northeast part of the Old City of the capital Kaifeng. The garden is described in sources such as the Huayanggong jishi (Description of the Florescent Solitary Palace) by the Buddhist monk Zu Xiu from 1127 and Zhang Hao’s (ca. 1180-1250) Genyue ji (Record of the Northeast Marchmount). The project in search of auspicious blessing started in 1118, having originated in the emperor’s conviction that the Daoist Immortals would descend to this exquisite paradise situated in the centre of the world, his capital. In his conviction the landscape garden that exceeded nature’s beauty would prolong and glorify his rule for ten thousand years. The Genyue was completed in January 1123, and thus became part of Emperor Huizong’s Divine Empyrean Daoist ideology of statecraft. Contrary to all auspicious symbolism, the Song’s emblematic demonstrations of power, and the necessity to meet political expectations, Emperor Huizong proved incapable of finding a solution to the disastrous situation at the northern frontier with Jin troupes moving onto his capital. Completed in 1123 the Genyue Marchmount was destroyed in the cold winter of 1126/1127 by the inhabitants of Kaifeng in their desperate struggle for survival in their besieged town.
Does Gender Matter for the Entrepreneurship Fairy Tale? An Analysis of Chinese Unicorn Start-ups
(2021)
Start-up ecosystems around the world have created a large number of successful and innovative unicorn companies in recent years. Our research note focuses on the case of China and offers a global comparative perspective on the current status of Chinese unicorn start-ups and their founding structure. We identify a predominantly male unicorn founding structure and illustrate a worrying decline of female entrepreneurship in China.
Purpose – The purpose of this dissertation is to reveal the status quo of development of the grocery retailers’ internationalization process in China as well as to model future trends, opportunities and challenges within a very competitive market. Using several, geographically distant cities as case studies, this paper focuses on the development and outlook of different store formats, along with the development of competition in this respect by explicitly treating China not as a single market. The study thereby analyses historical and geographical diffusion in regard to store formats. The impacts of the main factors of change are discussed.
Design/methodology/approach – The dissertation reviews extensively the literature of grocery retail internationalization with special focus on China. In addition, it draws on primary research in the form of a wide range of expert interviews. As China´s ‘supermarket revolution’ is underway, an understanding of the local and foreign competition and the development of different store formats within different regions of China as well as their prospects, will be crucial to companies expanding into this area.
Findings – The study explains how grocery retailers have already entered the Chinese market with different store formats and how competition has and will further develop. In addition, the study reveals challenges and obstacles in regard to future market strategies, especially in regard to store formats and geographical regions.
Research limitations/implications – The study reveals the current landscape of the Chinese grocery retailing market and emphasizes important strategic pillars, modelling future implications and challenges for food retailers operating in China. Because China is a vast country this dissertation forms only a small part of the geographical evolution process in regard to store formats and competition.
Practical implications – Explores current understanding of the internationalization process in China by considering different format choices. Supplementary, the dissertation proposes an outlook of competition enlargement, prospects of format development and therewith strategic implications within different regions as well as a future research agenda.
Originality / value – Contributes to the understanding of the Chinese grocery retailing market. Furthermore, it is among the first to critically explore possible future developments in regard to store formats and competition within a geographical context in China
Data as the new driver for growth? European and Chinese perspectives on the new factor of production
(2021)
Amidst an emerging international systemic competition between China and the Western world, China’s sustained high economic growth rates, technological innovations and successful control of the corona pandemic have raised doubts over the West’s systemic capabilities. In this context, data resources and regimes play an increasing role.
This research note looks at data as present and future driver of innovation and economic growth in more detail. It compares the Chinese and the European perspective on data as well as their respective (planned) policy measures in order to draw tentative conclusions about their different approaches' implications.
Dai Zhen (1724-1777) ist einer der Hauptvertreter der Textkritik-Schule (Kaojuxue), die in der Qing-Dynastie (1644-1911) unter den Kaisern Qianlong (r. 1736-1796) und Jiaqing (r. 1796-1821) ihre Blütezeit erfuhr. Anfänge dieser Schule finden sich Ende der Ming-Dynastie (1368-1644), in der es im Rahmen eines neuen konfuzianischen Diskurses zu einer Ablehnung des Neo-Konfuzianismus der Song-Dynastie (960-1279) kam. Dabei wurden der Neo-Konfuzianismus, der sich in der von Zhu Xi (1130-1200) geprägten Interpretation durchgesetzt hatte, und seine spekulative Philosophie in einem neuen Licht betrachtet. Eine neue Methode zum Verständnis der konfuzianischen Klassiker, welche die Song-zeitlichen Kommentare ablehnte, bildete sich mit der Zeit heraus und fand unter Dai Zhen einen Höhepunkt. Dai Zhen befasste sich auf vielen Gebieten mit der chinesischen Geistes- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte und verkörperte auf diese Weise die neuen geistigen Impulse unter der konfuzianischen Gelehrtenschicht. Ihn interessierten Astronomie, Technologie, Mathematik, Geografie und Phonetik. Daneben befasste er sich mit dem konfuzianischen Kanon und der Frage, wie dieser richtig interpretiert werden sollte. In diesem Rahmen verfasste er die Schrift „Subkommentar mit Belegen zu Bedeutungen einzelner Begriffe im Buch Menzius“ (Mengzi ziyi shuzheng), in welcher er entschieden dem von Zhu Xi vorgelegten Kommentar widersprach. Im Mengzi ziyi shuzheng und einigen anderen kleineren Arbeiten erarbeitete Dai Zhen seine eigene Philosophie. Die Abschlussarbeit befasst sich mit der Rezeption Dai Zhens im modernen China, ausgeführt anhand zweier wissenschaftlicher Texte, die auf Taiwan und in der Volksrepublik China veröffentlicht worden sind. Durch die Bearbeitung der beiden Texte wird die Frage erörtert, mit welchen methodischen Hilfsmitteln die traditionelle chinesische Philosophie im modernen China sinnvoll organisiert und aufgearbeitet wird.
This study describes the Chinese growth model over the past 40 years. We show that China's growth model, with its dominant role of the banking system and "the banker", is a perfect illustration of the necessity and power of Schumpeter's "monetary analysis". This approach has allowed us to elaborate theoretically and empirically the uniqueness of the Chinese model. In our empirical analysis, we use a new dataset of Chinese provincial data to analyze the impact of the financial system, especially banks, on Chinese economic development. We also empirically assess the role of the financial system in Chinese industrial policy and provide case studies of the effects of industrial policy in specific sectors. Finally, we also discuss macroeconomic dimensions of the Chinese growth process and lessons that can be drawn from the Chinese experience for other countries.
Das Konzept der Gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung von Unternehmen (Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR) hat in den vergangenen Jahren in China zusehends an Bedeutung gewonnen. In den 1990er-Jahren durch westliche Unternehmen und internationale Organisationen ins Land eingeführt, wurde das Konzept zunächst als Hemmnis der nationalen Wirtschaft angesehen. Erst in jüngster Vergangenheit hat die chinesische Regierung begonnen, CSR zur Verfolgung innen- sowie außenpolitischer Ziele zu nutzen. Als eine der bedeutendsten Industrien Chinas wird dies insbesondere anhand der Einführung des Konzepts in die Textil- und Bekleidungsindustrie deutlich. Damit sollen nicht nur die mehrheitlich kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen wettbewerbsfähiger gemacht, sondern ebenfalls die Bemühungen der Regierung um eine stärkere Regulierung der Arbeitsbeziehungen ergänzt werden. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung der allgemeinen CSR-Situation in China geht der Beitrag insbesondere auf die Entwicklung des Konzepts innerhalb der chinesischen Textilindustrie sowie auf den im Jahr 2005 eingeführten ersten chinesischen CSR-Standard CSC9000T ein. Es soll aufgezeigt werden, wie Regierung, NGOs und Unternehmen gemeinsam daran arbeiten, die Situation der Textilfabriken und ihrer Mitarbeiter zu verbessern. Im Rahmen einer Fallstudie wird ein Projekt vorgestellt, das einen Ansatz dafür liefert, wie die schwierige Lage kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen in der Industrie gelöst werden kann. Unter Berücksichtigung von Expertenmeinungen sowie aufgrund gesammelter Informationen während der Teilnahme an einer Schulung des Projektes in einem Unternehmen werden schließlich Stärken und Schwächen dieses Ansatzes diskutiert und auf zukünftige Entwicklungen von CSR in der chinesischen Textilindustrie geschlossen. Das Projekt leistet zwar einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen und Managementfähigkeiten der beteiligten Unternehmen, stellt aber lediglich einen kleinen Schritt in Richtung einer ganzheitlichen Integration verantwortlicher Unternehmensführung in der Industrie dar.
China’s emerging second-tier cities attract more and more foreign companies that are looking for business opportunities. Although much has been written about companies’ internationalization strategies, including companies’ market entry decisions and market entry mode strategies, research on the relationship between a city’s degree of internationalization and foreign companies’ market entry decisions and market entry mode strategies in second-tier cities in China is still relatively scarce. Thus, the central research question of this study is: Why and how does a second-tier city’s degree of internationalization influence foreign companies’ market entry decisions and market entry mode strategies in second-tier China? This study is based on a qualitative research approach; an embedded multiple-case study is applied and interviews with two different target groups are conducted. The first target group consists of foreign companies having established business operations in China’s second-tier cities directly and have had no previous business operations in first-tier cites. The second group is made up of foreign companies that initially operated in first-tier China, and then moved to second-tier cities. The company sample compromises small- and medium-sized foreign companies with various industry backgrounds and market entry modes in Chengdu and Chongqing. Since 2015, Maxxelli has been publishing its China International City Index (CICI) on a yearly basis in which it measures and compares China’s cities’ degree of internationalization. Because Maxxelli revised this year’s CICI methodology comprehensively, this study also aims at feedback to improve the overall CICI. This study concludes that a second-tier city’s degree of internationalization is particularly important to foreign companies having first set up in Chinese first-tier cities. Companies having established themselves in second-tier cities directly, do not pay a lot of direct attention to a city’s degree of internationalization and tend to base their market entry decisions more on business opportunities they identify in a city. In addition, this study argues that in most cases a city’s degree of internationalization does not influence the type of market entry mode companies choose to enter second-tier China.
Die Arbeit untersucht zwei besonders drastische Fallbeispiele gescheiterter europäisch-chinesischer Equity Joint-Venture. Das des deutschen Mittelstandsunternehmens Vietz, welches im Pipelinebau aktiv ist, sowie ein Joint-Venture des französischen Großkonzerns Danone mit der Wahaha Group. Besonderer Fokus liegt auf den Aspekten der Rechtsstaatlichkeit sowie Durchsetzung von Recht in China, das Management eines solchen transnationalen Unternehmens, die Bedeutung von Technologietransfer, sowie kulturelle Differenzen als Auslöser für Missverständnisse und Konflikte. Abschließend wurden anhand einer vergleichenden Gegenüberstellung der beiden Fälle charakteristische Probleme eines Joint-Ventures herausgearbeitet.
Using own survey data and interviews, this study analyzes how businesses in Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) are entangled with China. Starting with a bird's-eye-view of the current situation, the study goes on to provide valuable insights from five specific industries. The study shows that a majority of the analyzed firms have some sort of ties to China, be it through Chinese customers, import/export activities, or else.
This thesis examines the application of intrinsic value models considering segmentation between foreign and domestic investors’ stock segments in China. Within the framework of international portfolio investment theory, segment-specific price differences are theorized to be not caused by irrational behavior but consistent with economic theory. Theoretical comparison of equilibrium and intrinsic value models suggests the latter to be more suitable regarding the Chinese market environment. Correspondingly, in this thesis the relevance of intrinsic value models for Chinese stock prices is examined empirically. It is concluded that price differences can be ascribed to unequal investment opportunities and segment specific characteristics. Nevertheless, results from the domestic and Hong Kong risk-free rate proxy lead to the conclusion that intrinsic value models cannot be considered better suited than linear factor models.
While there is only little transformation to the absolute power of the party-state to be detected, some grassroots democratic experiments, however, are receiving enormous attention of the world, especially village elections. Nevertheless, this preliminary exercise of democracy is widely characterized as a mixed bag of results. Since its first conduction, it has experienced immense development and bought great impact not only on different rural political institutions, but also on common mass villagers, as well as changes to the local governance. But at the same time, the limitations of the factual effectiveness of these elections can hardly be underestimated and such aspects as the standardization of electoral procedures are still to be further improved. Moreover, given the wide variations across Chinese countryside and the strong oppositions from all levels, the future of China’s village elections remain hard to gauge.
In recent years, numerous renewable energy cities were established worldwide, piloting different pathways to transition to clean energy. With the ability to address local needs more precisely in their unique geographic, social and economic contexts, cities play a vital role in implementing overall climate mitigation goals on the local level. In China, many renewable energy cities have emerged as well. However, official documents suggest that Chinese government authorities establish such renewable energy cities strategically, which leads to the assumption that the impulse to become renewable is different from other countries, where bottom-up initiatives are more common. Hence, this thesis explores answer to the question why and how the Chinese government promotes the energy transition of Chinese cities and regions. To explore the dynamics of local energy transition projects, this thesis adopts two frameworks from the field of sustainability transitions, the multi-level perspective and strategic niche management, and applies them to seven European and two Chinese case studies. The European sample includes the cities Graz, Güssing, Freiburg, and Helsinki as well as the communities Feldheim, Jühnde and Murau. The Chinese sample consists of the bottom-up initiative Shaanxi Sunflower Project and the demonstration project Tongli New Energy Town. A comparative analysis evaluates in how far the cases correspond to the multi-level perspective or strategic niche management. The comparison of the case studies reveals that the development of renewable energy cities in China goes beyond a top-down vs. bottom-up logic. In the Chinese context, strategic niche management should be understood as experimentation under hierarchy, which serves at pretesting different approaches before rolling them out nationwide. In addition, the analysis shows that both the multi-level perspective and strategic niche management have their advantages and disadvantages for niche development. Niches following the logic of the multi-level perspective may result in higher stakeholder acceptance, whereas strategic niche management can in turn accelerate niche development. However, since natural niche development cannot be steered intentionally, decision-makers who intend to induce local renewable energy projects have no other option but to resort to strategic niche management. To increase stakeholder acceptance and thus to improve the project outcome, decision-makers are advised to accommodate sufficient room for stakeholder participation in the project design.