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Biologically inspired self-organization methods can help to manage the access control to the shared communication medium of Wireless Sensor Networks. One lightweight approach is the primitive of desynchronization, which relies on the periodic transmission of short control messages – similar to the periodical pulses of oscillators. This primitive of desynchronization has already been successfully implemented as MAC protocol for single-hop topologies. Moreover, there are also some concepts of such a protocol formulti-hop topologies available. However, the existing implementations may handle just a certain class of multi-hop topologies or are not robust against topology dynamics. In addition to the sophisticated access control of the sensor nodes of a Wireless Sensor Network in arbitrary multi-hop topologies, the communication protocol has to be lightweight, applicable, and scalable. These characteristics are of particular interest for distributed and randomly deployed networks (e.g., by dropping nodes off an airplane).
In this work we present the development of a self-organizing MAC protocol for dynamic multi-hop topologies. This implies the evaluation of related work, the conception of our new communication protocol based on the primitive of desynchronization as well as its implementation for sensor nodes. As a matter of course, we also analyze our realization with
regard to our specific requirements. This analysis is based on several (simulative as well as real-world) scenarios. Since we are mainly interested in the convergence behavior of our
protocol, we do not focus on the "classical" network issues, like routing behavior or data rate, within this work. Nevertheless, for this purpose we make use of several real-world testbeds, but also of our self-developed simulation framework.
According to the results of our evaluation phase, our self-organizing MAC protocol for WSNs, which is based on the primitive of desynchronization, meets all our demands. In fact, our communication protocol operates in arbitrary multi-hop topologies and copes well with topology dynamics. In this regard, our protocol is the first and only MAC protocol to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, due to its periodic transmission scheme, it may be an appropriate starting base for additional network services, like time synchronization or routing.
Poröse funktionelle Materialien sind vielversprechende Kandidaten für Anwendungen wie zum Beispiel in der heterogenen Katalyse, in Sensormaterialien, für die Gasspeicherung sowie –separation oder in Membranen. Eine besondere Klasse solcher Materialien stellen die organischen Käfigverbindungen dar, da sie im Vergleich zu netzwerkartigen Strukturen einzigartige Eigenschaften aufweisen. Das Gerüst des Tribenzotriquinacens (TBTQ) besitzt drei zueinander orthogonal stehende Indaneinheiten, sodass es sich optimal als Baustein für die effiziente Synthese organischer Käfigmoleküle eignet.
In dieser Arbeit wird die Synthese molekularer Würfel, Tetraeder und Bipyramiden mittels Quervernetzung der Catecholeinheiten der TBTQ-Bausteine mit verschiedenen Diboronsäuren beschrieben. Die Struktur und die Form der molekularen Objekte sind dabei durch die Geometrie der entsprechenden Diboronsäuren vorgegeben. Bemerkenswert ist, dass in ternären Mischungen der Bausteine das Phänomen der Selbssortierung zu beobachten ist. Sowohl narzisstische als auch soziale Selbstsortierung konnte hierbei festgestellt werden.
Darüber hinaus wurde für den bipyramidalen Käfig Wirt-Gast Komplexierung beobachtet. Die Fullerene C60 und C70 wurden nahezu quantitativ in das Molekül eingeschlossen. Weitere Untersuchungen zu diesem Verhalten zeigten in einer kompetitiven Mischung aus C60 und C70 eine Präferenz des Käfigmoleküls zu C60.