Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (126)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (126)
Year of publication
Document Type
- Preprint (126) (remove)
Language
- English (103)
- German (19)
- French (2)
- Portuguese (2)
Keywords
- boron (20)
- Quran (8)
- diborenes (8)
- Koran (7)
- Text Mining (7)
- carbenes (5)
- cosmology (5)
- crystallization (5)
- Archäologie (4)
- Boron (4)
- Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (4)
- XML (4)
- qubit (4)
- Bayesian classifier (3)
- Germanen (3)
- Historische Aufnahme (3)
- PET (3)
- Softwarearchitektur (3)
- Textvergleich (3)
- Visualisierung (3)
- Vor- und Frühgeschichte (3)
- Wissensmanagement (3)
- decoherence (3)
- diboranes (3)
- diborene (3)
- low-valent compounds (3)
- prostate cancer (3)
- 18F-DCFPyL (2)
- Arabismus (2)
- Barbaricum (2)
- Base text (2)
- CSS (2)
- Cascading Style Sheets (2)
- Content Management (2)
- DFT calculations (2)
- Diborane (2)
- Fluoreszenz (2)
- Gothenburg model (2)
- Knowledge Management (2)
- Late Antiquity (2)
- Maschinelles Lernen (2)
- Meta-model (2)
- N-heterocyclic carbenes (2)
- Nonadiabatic quantum dynamics (2)
- PSMA (2)
- PSMA-RADS (2)
- Portugiesisch (2)
- RADS (2)
- SSTR (2)
- Spätantike (2)
- Strahlungstransport (2)
- Supraleiter (2)
- Text mining (2)
- Textual alterations weighting system (2)
- Textual document collation (2)
- Visualization (2)
- Wortschatz (2)
- Wrapper <Programmierung> (2)
- Zeitrichtung (2)
- bond activation (2)
- borylation (2)
- borylene (2)
- complexity (2)
- diborynes (2)
- emergent time (2)
- evolution (2)
- low-valent main group chemistry (2)
- multiple bonding (2)
- phase transition (2)
- prostate-specific membrane antigen (2)
- time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- transition metal complex (2)
- 1,2-additions (1)
- 2Dimensionale Spektroskopie (1)
- 3D cultures (1)
- 68Ga-DOTANOC (1)
- 68Ga-DOTATATE (1)
- 68Ga-DOTATOC (1)
- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (1)
- Academia (1)
- Academia (Zeitschrift, Bad Honnef) (1)
- Addendum (1)
- Akkad (1)
- Analysis of RNA Modifications (1)
- Anfangsunterricht (1)
- Anorexia nervosa (1)
- Anzahl (1)
- Arabic (1)
- Arabisch (1)
- Aromaticity (1)
- Artus (1)
- Artusepik (1)
- Aussprache (1)
- Barbituric Acid Merocyanines (1)
- Bayes-Klassifikator (1)
- Bedeutung (1)
- Beige adipocytes (1)
- Beobachter (1)
- Berechnungskomplexität (1)
- Bilderbuch (1)
- Biradicals (1)
- Book of Judith (1)
- Bor (1)
- Boranes (1)
- Borylene (1)
- Brandes, Mark A., 1929-2011 (1)
- Buchdruck (1)
- Burgwall (1)
- Béroul (1)
- C-H activation (1)
- C/EBP (1)
- CH activation (1)
- CMR (1)
- CO activation (1)
- CO2 fixation (1)
- CV (1)
- Cartellverband (1)
- Cartellverband der Katholischen Deutschen Studentenverbindungen (1)
- Causes of revelation (1)
- Chapters arrangement (1)
- Chemical Structure (1)
- Chronology of revelation (1)
- Clustering (1)
- Computational Chemistry (1)
- Computersimulation (1)
- Corrigenda (1)
- Crystal structure of MTR1 (1)
- Cycloaddition (1)
- DFT mechanism (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA catalyst (1)
- DNA-based nanostructures (1)
- DNA-processing enzymes (1)
- Deep learning (1)
- Diboranes (1)
- Diborene (1)
- Digital Humanities (1)
- Digital Storytelling (1)
- Djebar, Assia / Les nuits de Strasbourg (1)
- Doppelquantenkohärenz (1)
- Drucktechnik (1)
- Dublin-III-Abkommen (1)
- Duden (1)
- E8 symmetry (1)
- EEA (1)
- Eilhart <von Oberg> (1)
- Einsamkeit (1)
- Einwanderung (1)
- Eisenproduktion (1)
- Entscheidung (1)
- Entscheidungen (1)
- Erzählen (1)
- Europa (1)
- Europas Scheitern (1)
- Europe’s failure (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Excited state dynamics (1)
- Exciton (1)
- Exciton dynamics (1)
- Exciton localization dynamics (1)
- Exziton (1)
- Flüchtlingskrise (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Fragmentierung (1)
- Frames (1)
- Frankreich (1)
- Französisch (1)
- Frühmittelalter (1)
- Fundamentalkonstante (1)
- GIS (1)
- García Lorca, Federico (1)
- Gedenkschrift (1)
- Genus (1)
- Geographic Information Systems (1)
- Geographisches Informationssystem (1)
- Geoinformationssystem (1)
- Germanic (1)
- Geschlechterforschung (1)
- Gothenburg Modell (1)
- Gothenburg model of collation process (1)
- Grammatik (1)
- Großstadt (1)
- Gödel (1)
- HHV-6 (1)
- HTML (1)
- Helicene diimide (1)
- Herpesvirus (1)
- High-Throughput Sequencing Method, DZ-seq (1)
- Higher-order Transient Absorption Spectroscopy (1)
- Historische Phonetik (1)
- History of Music (1)
- Hurrian (1)
- Hurritisch (1)
- Hurwitz theorem (1)
- Hydrocarbon radicals (1)
- Hydrocarbons (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Information Visualization (1)
- Inklusiver Unterricht (1)
- Instrumentenkunde (1)
- Inverse Probleme (1)
- Irak (1)
- Iran (1)
- Iraq (1)
- JSF (1)
- Java Frameworks (1)
- Jean Monnet (1)
- Jordanien (1)
- Judit <Buch> (1)
- Katholische Zeitschrift (1)
- Knowledge Management System (1)
- Knowledge Modeling (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Knowledge-based System (1)
- Kolmogorov-Komplexität (1)
- Komplex <Algebra> (1)
- Komplexität (1)
- Kultur (1)
- Landscape Archaeology (1)
- Landschaftsarchäologie (1)
- Lawhul-Mahfuz (1)
- Layout (1)
- Lee Smolin (1)
- Lehnwort (1)
- Lewis acids (1)
- Lewis-base adducts (1)
- Literary Studies (1)
- Literaturwissenschaft (1)
- Lithographie (1)
- Ljapunov-Funktion (1)
- Low energy electron microscopy LEEM (1)
- MI-RADS (1)
- MVC <Software> (1)
- Main-group chemistry (1)
- Marine Le Pen (1)
- Mark A. Brandes (1)
- Mashup (1)
- Mashup <Internet> (1)
- Medienkompetenz (1)
- Mesopotamia (1)
- Mesopotamien (1)
- Metadynamics (1)
- Metal clusters (1)
- Metallocene (1)
- Metallocenes (1)
- Methyltransferase Ribozyme (1)
- Methyltransferase Ribozyme MTR1 (1)
- Migration (1)
- Migration Period (1)
- Minderheit (1)
- Molekülzustand (1)
- Monte Carlo simulation (1)
- Multiple bonding (1)
- Multiple bonds (1)
- Music (1)
- Musical Instruments (1)
- Musical Theorie (1)
- Musik (1)
- Musikgeschichte (1)
- Musikinstrumente (1)
- Musiktheorie (1)
- Myocardial infarction (1)
- N6-methyladenosine (1)
- N6-methyladenosine (m6A) (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Natur (1)
- Nature constants (1)
- Naturgesetz (1)
- Natürliche Auslese (1)
- Naïve Bayesian (1)
- New York (1)
- Nicht-Transparente Medien (1)
- Non-transparency (1)
- Nonadiabatic dynamics (1)
- Notenschriften (1)
- Nucleobase Surrogate Incorporation (1)
- Ode an die Freude (1)
- Offset (1)
- Open Source (1)
- Open Source Software (1)
- Optische Spektroskopie (1)
- Organoboron chemistry (1)
- Overlapping (1)
- PET/CT (1)
- PROMISE (1)
- PSMA-PET (1)
- PSMA-RADS-3A (1)
- PSMA-RADS-3B (1)
- PSMA-targeted PET (1)
- Paläoethnologie (1)
- Pancreas (1)
- Persien (1)
- Phonetik (1)
- Photodynamics (1)
- Photoemission electron microscopy PEEM (1)
- Photoresponsive DNA Crosslinker (1)
- Physikalische Zeit (1)
- Place of revelation (1)
- Pontryagin maximum principle (1)
- Portuguese (1)
- Positron Emission Tomography (1)
- Processing Model (1)
- Processing model (1)
- Prostate Cancer (1)
- Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNA Aptamer (1)
- RNA Enzymes (1)
- RNA modification (1)
- RNA-Cleaving Deoxyribozymes (1)
- RNA-catalyzed RNA methylation (1)
- Reconstruction of original text (1)
- Reference Architecture (1)
- Ribozyme-catalyzed RNA labeling (1)
- SQH method (1)
- SSTR-RADS (1)
- Sachbereich (1)
- Scar (1)
- Scatter Plot (1)
- Schulbuch (1)
- Segmentation (1)
- Septuagint (1)
- Septuaginta (1)
- Sexus (1)
- Singapore (1)
- Single-molecule microscopy (1)
- Software architecture (1)
- Software design (1)
- Soziolinguistik (1)
- Spatially resolved 2D spectroscopy (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Spring (1)
- Stages of Prophet Mohammad’s messengership (1)
- Stammzelle (1)
- Statistical classifiers (1)
- Stempelkeramik (1)
- Stereotype (1)
- Stilistik (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Struts (1)
- Sumer (1)
- Support Vector Machine (1)
- Syrien (1)
- Tetrafluorodiborane (1)
- Text categorization (1)
- Text segmentation (1)
- Time hole (1)
- Time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy (1)
- Tolane-Modified Fluorescent Nucleosides (1)
- Transition metals (1)
- Tristansage (1)
- Two-color pump-probe spectroscopy (1)
- Türkei (1)
- Ultrafast spectroscopy (1)
- Umgangssprache (1)
- Umweltarchäologie (1)
- Variationslinguistik (1)
- Verbreitung (1)
- Virchow Node (1)
- Visual Text Mining (1)
- Vor- und Frühgeschichte <Fach> (1)
- Vulgata (1)
- Vulgate (1)
- Völkerwanderungszeit (1)
- Web service (1)
- Webservice Composition (1)
- Wirtschaftsarchäologie (1)
- Wissensbanksystem (1)
- Wissensrepräsentation (1)
- Wrapper (1)
- Wrappers (1)
- X-ray crystallography (1)
- XML model (1)
- YTH reader proteins (1)
- Zweidimensionale Spektroskopie (1)
- [177Lu]-DOTATATE/-DOTATOC (1)
- [68Ga] (1)
- alkene-alkyne [2+2] photocycloaddition (1)
- alkynes (1)
- amine borane dehydrocoupling (1)
- animal research (1)
- atomic mutagenesis (1)
- attention (1)
- auditory (1)
- auditory domain (1)
- benzyl radical (1)
- bit (1)
- boron chains (1)
- boronium cations (1)
- borylenes (1)
- brain activity (1)
- carbohydrates (1)
- carbon dioxide (1)
- cardiomyocytes (1)
- carsharing (1)
- catalysis (1)
- chain structures (1)
- chalcogens (1)
- chelates (1)
- conewise linear systems (1)
- conical intersections (1)
- conjugation (1)
- converse Lyapunov theorems (1)
- covalent and site-specific RNA labeling (1)
- crystal growth (1)
- crystallography (1)
- cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (1)
- cycloaddition (1)
- decision (1)
- demethylase enzymes FTO and ALKBH5 (1)
- density functional calculations (1)
- deoxyribozymes (1)
- desymmetrization (1)
- diboraindanes (1)
- diborane (1)
- diborane(6) (1)
- diboration (1)
- diboron (1)
- diboryne (1)
- diradicals (1)
- discrete-time systems (1)
- distance-based classifier (1)
- disturbance (1)
- early medieva (1)
- electron donors (1)
- electrophiles (1)
- elektronisch angeregte Zustände (1)
- emergent gravity (1)
- energy transfer dynamics (1)
- erovalent diboron compounds (1)
- exciton dynamics (1)
- exciton-exciton (1)
- eye blinks (1)
- fatty acid (1)
- field-induced surface hopping (1)
- fine-tuning (1)
- fluorescence (1)
- fluorescence quantum yield (1)
- fluorescent protein (1)
- fluorescent resonance energy transfer (1)
- free movement (1)
- fusion and fission (1)
- gastrointestinal disease (1)
- germanic (1)
- half-sandwich complexes (1)
- helicobacter (1)
- heterocycles (1)
- heuristics (1)
- hiPSC-CM (1)
- hydration dynamics (1)
- hydroarylation (1)
- hydroboration (1)
- hydrogenation (1)
- in vitro selection (1)
- in vitro selection from a structured RNA library (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- inflammatory bowel disease (1)
- inflation (1)
- infrared-spectra (1)
- insertion (1)
- interactive collation of textual variants (1)
- intermolecular applications of ribozymes (1)
- interobserver (1)
- interreader (1)
- iodine (1)
- iron production (1)
- isomers (1)
- l slavic hill fort (1)
- large Stokes shift (1)
- latency (1)
- lexikalische Bedeutung (1)
- ligand exchange (1)
- light-induced interstrand DNA crosslinking (1)
- loop quantum gravity (1)
- low-valent main-group species (1)
- main-group chemistry (1)
- mapping function (1)
- meaning (1)
- miR-30 (1)
- miRNA processing (1)
- microbiota (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mobility (1)
- modified inflation (1)
- modified nucleosides (1)
- multiple bonds (1)
- multiverse (1)
- near-IR chromophores (1)
- neuroendocrine neoplasia (1)
- neuroendocrine tumor (1)
- nnU-net (1)
- non-smooth optimization (1)
- nonadiabatic dynamics (1)
- nonconvex optimization (1)
- norovirus (1)
- observer (1)
- oddball (1)
- organoid culture (1)
- phase space (1)
- phonetics (1)
- photodynamics (1)
- physical time (1)
- pi-conjugation (1)
- position-specific installation of m1A in RNA (1)
- protein folding (1)
- protein hydration (1)
- pyrene dimer (1)
- quantum computing (1)
- qubit interaction (1)
- rBAM2-labeled RNA strands (1)
- reactive intermediates (1)
- rearrangement (1)
- recording methods (1)
- redox reactions (1)
- reductive coupling (1)
- refeeding syndrome (1)
- refugee crises (1)
- reporting and data system (1)
- ring expansion (1)
- rotavirus (1)
- salmonella (1)
- selection (1)
- service based software architecture (1)
- service brokerage (1)
- silylenes (1)
- slawisch (1)
- small HOMO-LUMO gap (1)
- small-molecule activation (1)
- somatostatin receptor (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- squaraine polymer (1)
- stability analysis (1)
- standardized reporting (1)
- stem cell therapy (1)
- strained molecules (1)
- structural analysis (1)
- sustainability (1)
- synthesis (1)
- synthetic methods (1)
- taxi (1)
- text categorization (1)
- time hole (1)
- tracer (1)
- trans-acting 2'-5' adenylyl transferase ribozymes (1)
- trans-formanilide (1)
- transfer hydrogenation (1)
- transition metals (1)
- transport (1)
- tumor heterogeneity (1)
- type I interferon (1)
- unified theories (1)
- vegetarians (1)
- virtual reality (1)
- virus reactivation (1)
- visual (1)
- visual domain (1)
- water migration (1)
- Überlappung (1)
- β3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) (1)
Institute
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie (30)
- Institut für deutsche Philologie (25)
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie (19)
- Institut für Organische Chemie (14)
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (10)
- Institut für Altertumswissenschaften (6)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin (6)
- Physikalisches Institut (4)
- Neuphilologisches Institut - Moderne Fremdsprachen (3)
- Rudolf-Virchow-Zentrum (3)
Schriftenreihe
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (3)
- International Max Planck Research School Molecular Biology, University of Göttingen, Germany (2)
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany (1)
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), University of Würzburg (1)
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg (1)
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany (1)
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology - Integration of Mediterranean region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, Poljička cesta 35, 2100 Split, Croatia (1)
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic (1)
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain (1)
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Research Center, Suita, Japan (1)
Der Begriff Germanen ist eine Fremdbezeichnung griechisch-römischer Autoren der Antike. Die so bezeichneten Gruppen hatten aber keine gemeinsame germanische Identität. Die Germanen wurden schon in der Antike als mächtige Gegner stilisiert, was wiederum im Mittelalter im Zuge der Staatenbildungen gerne in den schriftlichen Quellen aufgegriffen wurde. Retrospektiv kann keine "Ursprache" oder "Urheimat" der Germanen rekonstruiert werden. In der Archäologie gibt es jedoch aufgrund des Fundmaterials Kulturräume einer materiellen Kultur, die als germanisch interpretiert werden. Diese sind jedoch nicht mit einer "germanischen Ethnie" zu verwechseln.
Computing Generic Causes of Revelation of the Quranic Verses Using Machine Learning Techniques
(2011)
Because many verses of the holy Quran are similar, there is high probability that, similar verses addressing same issues share same generic causes of revelation. In this study, machine learning techniques have been employed in order to automatically derive causes of revelation of Quranic verses. The derivation of the causes of revelation is viewed as a classification problem. Initially the categories are based on the verses with known causes of revelation, and the testing set consists of the remaining verses. Based on a computed threshold value, a naïve Bayesian classifier is used to categorize some verses. After that, using a decision tree classifier the remaining uncategorized verses are separated into verses that contain indicators (resultative connectors, causative expressions…), and those that do not. As for those verses having indicators, each one is segmented into its constituent clauses by identification of the linking indicators. Then a dominant clause is extracted and considered either as the cause of revelation, or post-processed by adding or subtracting some terms to form a causal clause that constitutes the cause of revelation. Concerning remaining unclassified verses without indicators, a naive Bayesian classifier is again used to assign each one of them to one of the existing classes based on features and topics similarity. As for verses that could not be classified so far, manual classification was made by considering each verse as a category on its own. The result obtained in this study is encouraging, and shows that automatic derivation of Quranic verses’ generic causes of revelation is achievable, and reasonably reliable for understanding and implementing the teachings of the Quran.
Learning a book in general involves reading it, underlining important words, adding comments, summarizing some passages, and marking up some text or concepts. Once deeper understanding is achieved, one would like to organize and manage her/his knowledge in such a way that, it could be easily remembered and efficiently transmitted to others. This paper discusses about modeling religious texts using semantic XML markup based on frame-based knowledge representation, with the purpose of assisting understanding, retention, and sharing of knowledge they contain. In this study, books organized in terms of chapters made up of verses are considered as the source of knowledge to model. Some metadata representing the multiple perspectives of knowledge modeling are assigned to each chapter and verse. Chapters and verses with their metadata form a meta-model, which is represented using frames, and published on a web mashup. An XML-based annotation and visualization system equipped with user interfaces for creating static and dynamic metadata, annotating chapters’ contents according to user selected semantics, and templates for publishing generated knowledge on the Internet, has been developed. The system has been applied to the Quran, and the result obtained shows that multiple perspectives of information modeling can be successfully applied to religious texts, in order to support analysis, understanding, and retention of the texts.
Given a collection of diverging documents about some lost original text, any person interested in the text would try reconstructing it from the diverging documents. Whether it is eclecticism, stemmatics, or copy-text, one is expected to explicitly or indirectly select one of the documents as a starting point or as a base text, which could be emended through comparison with remaining documents, so that a text that could be designated as the original document is generated. Unfortunately the process of giving priority to one of the documents also known as witnesses is a subjective approach. In fact even Cladistics, which could be considered as a computer-based approach of implementing stemmatics, does not present or recommend users to select a certain witness as a starting point for the process of reconstructing the original document. In this study, a computational method using a rule-based Bayesian classifier is used, to assist text scholars in their attempts of reconstructing a non-existing document from some available witnesses. The method developed in this study consists of selecting a base text successively and collating it with remaining documents. Each completed collation cycle stores the selected base text and its closest witness, along with a weighted score of their similarities and differences. At the end of the collation process, a witness selected more often by majority of base texts is considered as the probable base text of the collection. Witnesses’ scores are weighted using a weighting system, based on effects of types of textual modifications on the process of reconstructing original documents. Users have the possibility to select between baseless and base text collation. If a base text is selected, the task is reduced to ranking the witnesses with respect to the base text, otherwise a base text as well as ranking of the witnesses with respect to the base text are computed and displayed on a bar diagram. Additionally this study includes a recursive algorithm for automatically reconstructing the original text from the identified base text and ranked witnesses.
The question of why the Quran structure does not follow its chronology of revelation is a recurring one. Some Islamic scholars such as [1] have answered the question using hadiths, as well as other philosophical reasons based on internal evidences of the Quran itself. Unfortunately till today many are still wondering about this issue. Muslims believe that the Quran is a summary and a copy of the content of a preserved tablet called Lawhul-Mahfuz located in the heaven. Logically speaking, this suggests that the arrangement of the verses and chapters is expected to be similar to that of the Lawhul-Mahfuz. As for the arrangement of the verses in each chapter, there is unanimity that it was carried out by the Prophet himself under the guidance of Angel Gabriel with the recommendation of God. But concerning the ordering of the chapters, there are reports about some divergences [3] among the Prophet’s companions as to which chapter should precede which one. This paper argues that Quranic chapters might have been arranged according to months and seasons of revelation. In fact, based on some verses of the Quran, it is defendable that the Lawhul-Mahfuz itself is understood to have been structured in terms of the months of the year. In this study, philosophical and mathematical arguments for computing chapters’ months of revelation are discussed, and the result is displayed on an interactive scatter plot.
Durch die systematische Sichtung des Fundmaterials des frühmittelalterlichen Burgwalls von Kopchin in der Oberlausitz konnten einige Keramikscherben identifiziert werden, die wohl älter als bisher angenommen sind und in die Völkerwanderungszeit datieren. Dies ist von besonderer Relevanz, da für Nordostdeutschland traditionell eine Besiedlungslücke im 5.–7. Jh. AD postuliert wird. Dieser Hiatus ist offenbar teils auch der schwierigen sicheren Datierung der oft recht unspezifischen Keramiktypen geschuldet. So konnten mit wachsendem Kenntnisstand dieser Keramiken in den letzten Jahren auch einige völkerwanderungszeitliche Fundstellen, besonders in Nordbrandenburg und im deutsch-polnischen Pommern lokalisiert werden. In Nordost-Sachsen sind die vorgestellten singulären Funde des 5.–6. Jhs. AD jedoch bisher ohne sichere Parallelen, auch wenn mittlerweile einige Fundstellen der Völkerwanderungszeit in der Region erkannt worden sind.
Der Einsatz von Geographischen Informationssystemen (GIS) bietet auch für die Geisteswissenschaften zahlreiche Ansätze zur Generierung von neuem Wissen. Die GIS-Software ist jedoch unterschiedlich geeignet für geisteswissenschaftliche Fragestellungen. Getestet wurden daher zwei kommerzielle und vier Open Source GIS-Programme: MapInfo, ArcGIS, Quantum GIS, gvSIG, DIVA-GIS und SAGA. MapInfo zeichnet sich besonders für GIS-Anfänger durch seine große Benutzerfreundlichkeit aus. Jedoch sind die Anschaffungskosten recht hoch. ArcGIS weist den größten Nutzungsumfang auf, wobei jedoch keine oder kaum eine „intuitive“ Nutzung möglich ist. Zudem sind die laufenden Kosten durch aufwändige Abo-Lizenzverträge besonders hoch. Quantum GIS ist eine freie Software, die benutzerfreundlich ist und auch Anfängern einen leichten Einstieg ermöglicht. Hunderte Erweiterungen machen Quantum GIS sehr leistungsstark und universal einsetzbar. gvSIG ist nicht ganz leicht zu bedienen, da zudem die Dokumentation nur fragmentarisch vorliegt. Der große Funktionsumfang macht es jedoch zu einem vollwertigen GIS, wenn auch manch ergänzende Funktion fehlt. DIVA-GIS ermöglicht einen schnellen Einstieg durch seine gute Dokumentation. Man gelangt jedoch recht bald an die Grenzen des Nutzungsumfangs durch die eingeschränkte Funktionalität. SAGA hingegen erfüllte alle hier gestellten Anforderungen, sodass es, trotz der geringeren Anzahl von Erweiterungen, zusammen mit Quantum GIS als Open Source eine echte Alternative zu kommerziellen GIS-Programmen darstellt.
The analysis presented in this paper applies to experimental situations where observers or objects to be studied, all at stationary positions, are located in environments the optical thickness of which is strongly different. Non-transparent media comprise thin metallic films, packed or fluidised beds, superconductors, the Earth’s crust, and even dark clouds and other cosmological objects. The analysis applies mapping functions that correlate physical events, e, in non-transparent media, with their images, f(e), tentatively located on standard physical time scale. The analysis demonstrates, however, that physical time, in its rigorous sense, does not exist under non-transparency conditions. A proof of this conclusion is attempted in three steps: i) the theorem “there is no time without space and events” is accepted, (ii) images f[e(s,t)] do not constitute a dense, uncountably infinite set, and (iii) sets of images that are not uncountably infinite do not create physical time but only time-like sequences. As a consequence, mapping f[e(s,t)] in non-transparent space does not create physical analogues to the mathematical structure of the ordered, dense half-set R+ of real numbers, and reverse mapping, f-1f[e(s,t)], the mathematical inverse problem, would not allow unique identification and reconstruction of original events from their images. In these cases, causality as well as invariance of physical processes under time reversal, might be violated. An interesting problem is whether temporal cloaking (a time hole) in a transparent medium, as very recently reported in the literature, can be explained by the present analysis. Existence of time holes could perhaps be possible, not in transparent but in non-transparent media, as follows from the sequence of images, f[e(s,t)], that is not uncountably infinite, in contrast to R+. Impacts are expected for understanding physical diffusion-like, radiative transfer processes and stability models to protect superconductors against quenchs. There might be impacts also in relativity, quantum mechanics, nuclear decay, or in systems close to their phase transitions. The analysis is not restricted to objects of laboratory dimensions.
The analysis presented in this paper applies to experimental situations where observers or objects to be studied (both stationary, with respect to each other) are located in environments the optical thickness of which is strongly different. By their large optical thickness, non-transparent media are clearly distinguished from their transparent counterparts. Non-transparent media comprise thin metallic films, packed or fluidised beds, the Earth’s crust, and even dark clouds and other cosmological objects. As a representative example, a non-transparent slab is subjected to transient disturbances, and a rigorous analysis is presented whether physical time reasonably could be constructed under such condition. The analysis incorporates mapping functions that correlate physical events, e, in non-transparent media, with their images, f(e), tentatively located on a standard physical time scale. The analysis demonstrates, however, that physical time, in its rigorous sense, does not exist under non-transparency conditions. A proof of this conclusion is attempted in three steps: i) the theorem “there is no time without space and events” is accepted, (ii) images f[e(s,t)] do not constitute a dense, uncountably infinite set, and (iii) sets of images that are not uncountably infinite do not create physical time but only time-like sequences. As a consequence, mapping f[e(s,t)] in non-transparent space does not create physical analogues to the mathematical structure of the ordered, dense half-set R+ of real numbers, and reverse mapping, f-1f[e(s,t)] would not allow unique identification and reconstruction of original events from their images. In these cases, causality and determinism, as well as invariance of physical processes under time reversal, might be violated. Existence of time holes could be possible, as follows from the sequence of images, f[e(s,t)], that is not uncountably infinite, in contrast to R+. Practical impacts are expected for understanding physical diffusion-like, radiative transfer processes, stability models to protect superconductors against quenchs or for description of their transient local pair density and critical currents. Impacts would be expected also in mathematical formulations (differential equations) of classical physics, in relativity and perhaps in quantum mechanics, all as far as transient processes in non-transparent space would be concerned. An interesting problem is whether temporal cloaking (a time hole) in a transparent medium, as very recently reported in the literature, can be explained by the present analysis. The analysis is not restricted to objects of laboratory dimensions: Because of obviously existing radiation transfer analogues, it is tempting to discuss consequences also for much larger structures in particular if an origin of time is postulated.
In this research, an attempt to create a knowledge-based learning system for the Quranic text has been performed. The knowledge base is made up of the Quranic text along with detailed information about each chapter and verse, and some rules. The system offers the possibility to study the Quran through web-based interfaces, implementing novel visualization techniques for browsing, querying, consulting, and testing the acquired knowledge. Additionally the system possesses knowledge acquisition facilities for maintaining the knowledge base.
ΙΟΥΔΙΘ und IUDITH: Überlegungen zum Verhätlnis der Judit-Erzählung in der LXX und der Vulgata
(2012)
“Das Buch Judit ist in zwei wesentlich voneinander unterschiedenen Textformen überliefert: einerseits in der griechischen Fassung und den sich daran anschließenden alten Übersetzungen (vetus latina, syr., aeth., sah., arm.), zum anderen in der Fassung der lateinischen Vulgata und, mit dieser durchweg parallel laufend, in mittelalterlichen hebräischen Hss.” – so fasst Helmut Engel die Textsituation des Buches Judit prägnant zusammen. Damit liegen heute zwei unterschiedliche Textformen der Juditerzählung vor: Die griechische Juditerzählung in der Septuaginta und die lateinische Iuditherzählung in der Vulgata. Beide Textfassungen unterscheiden sich deutlich voneinander: Die Vulgata-Fassung ist gegenüber der LXX-Fassung um 20 Prozent kürzer; weil die Vulgata-Fassung aber auch umfangreiche Erweiterungen aufweist, teilen LXX und Vulgata nur ungefähr die Hälfte des Textbestandes. Lange ist man davon ausgegangen, dass hinter der Septuaginta- und der Vulgata-Fassung der Juditerzählung ein hebräischer “Ur”-Text gestanden habe. Diese Annahme, die die Forschung seit dem 19. Jh. prägt, gründet sich im Wesentlichen auf zwei Argumenten:
Erstens sei der griechische Text der Septuaginta so durchgehend von einem hebräischen Sprachduktus geprägt, dass man hier von einem hebräischen Originaltext, der recht wörtlich ins Griechische übertragen worden sei, ausgehen müsse.
Zweitens spreche Hieronymus (ca. 347–420) in seiner praefatio zu seiner lateinischen Übertragung von einem ihm vorliegenden “chaldäischen” Text, der ihm als Vorlage gedient habe.
Beide Argumente werden im Folgenden diskutiert: Im ersten Teil wird auf die in den letzten Jahren neu aufgerollte Frage nach der Originalsprache der LXX-Fassung der Juditerzählung eingegangen; der zweite Teil ist der Analyse der praefatio des Hieronymus gewidmet.
Obgleich das erzählerische Syntagma der Tristansage sich ohne weitere Zugaben zu entfalten vermag, ist die Liebesgeschichte von Tristan und Isolde schon in der Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts eng mit den Legenden von König Artus und seinen Rittern verwoben. Die Frage, wie sich der keltische Tristanstoff zum Artusroman verhält, ist in der mediävistischen Forschung bislang jedoch nur in Ansätzen und zumeist wenig kontrovers diskutiert worden. Dabei bietet gerade die kontingente Verbindung beider literarischer Welten bei Eilhart und Béroul zu einem arthurisierten Tristanroman die Möglichkeit, die zentralen Scharnierstellen zweier Erzähltradition zu untersuchen und nach den Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Erzählens von der Liebe um 1200 zu fragen.
Eisenproduktionswerkplätze der späten römischen Kaiserzeit (3.–5. Jh. AD) im inneren Barbaricum
(2012)
Durch systematische Prospektionen in Südbrandenburg wurden auch bei den devastierten Ortschaften Klein Görigk und Kausche zahlreiche bisher unbekannte Fundplatze entdeckt (vgl. Abb. 1). Diese verdeutlichen den Fundreichtum dieser kargen Landschaft als „archäologisches Fenster“ einer fallbeispielhaft intensiv erforschten Region. Die sehr zahlreichen Werkplätze der späten römischen Kaiserzeit (3.–5. Jh. AD) belegen eine massenhafte Eisenproduktion, die über den Eigenbedarf weit hinausging und die Grundlage für Handel darstellte. Interessanterweise sind im Eisenverhüttungszentrum des Niederlausitzer Grenzwalls keine zeitgleichen Siedlungen und Gräberfelder entdeckt worden. Diese liegen etwas weiter entfernt in den fruchtbareren Niederungs- und Beckenlandschaften der Umgebung. Die Werkplätze sind also nur temporär zur Eisenverhüttung aufgesucht worden. Die stereotyp errichteten Eisenproduktionsstätten wurden in unmittelbarer Nähe zum lokal vorkommenden „Raseneisenerz“ im waldreichen Gebiet errichtet. Durch die massenhafte Eisenproduktion, die äußerst viel Holzkohle benötigte, ist auch von negativen Folgen auf die prähistorische Umwelt auszugehen. Indizien einer mutmaßlichen „ökologischen Krise“ zum Ende der spätgermanischen Kultur (Mitte 5. Jh. AD) konnten jedoch bisher nicht sicher belegt werden.
Die vorliegende Untersuchung gilt der Mikro- und Makrotypografie der seit 125 Jahren erscheinenden katholischen Verbandszeitschrift "Academia". Für die graphologischen und paläographischen Besonderheiten wird eine Hermeneutik vorgeschlagen. Das hier erforschte Druckbild repräsentiert mit einer Auflage von 30.000 Exemplaren im achtwöchigen Erscheinungsrhythmus den Cartellverband der Katholischen Deutschen Studentenverbindungen (CV). So illustriert und visualisiert dieses Druckbild mit seiner typografischen Performance zugleich den mitgliederstärksten Akademikerverband Europas.
Singapore has a unique and proactive approach towards managing the national transport system. This article explores the integrative approach of carsharing into the overall transport system from an individual sustainable mobility perspective. The authors argue that for Singapore, taxi services are the strongest competitor for the establishment of free-floating carsharing systems. Low taxi fares and a high distribution rate provide easy access for consumers and show great advantages in correspondence with the prevalent transport measures. Furthermore, the Singaporean government considers taxi services as part of public transport that helps bridging public transportation gaps in door-to-door travel. The article draws on literature review and expert interviews to evaluate the current market conditions and analyse the pros and cons of carsharing systems and taxi services as integrated part of the public transport system. The authors conclude by stating that from a sustainable perspective, the goal is to replace private car ownership. Provision of multi modal choices and therefore co-existence of different individual transport opportunities is indispensable.
This paper presents an alternative approach for obtaining a converse Lyapunov theorem for discrete–time systems. The proposed approach is constructive, as it provides an explicit Lyapunov function. The developed converse theorem establishes existence of global Lyapunov functions for globally exponentially stable (GES) systems and semi–global practical Lyapunov functions for globally asymptotically stable systems. Furthermore, for specific classes of sys- tems, the developed converse theorem can be used to establish non–conservatism of a particular type of Lyapunov functions. Most notably, a proof that conewise linear Lyapunov functions are non–conservative for GES conewise linear systems is given and, as a by–product, tractable construction of polyhedral Lyapunov functions for linear systems is attained.
Mit diesem Beitrag ("Türkei") liegt Teil 3 der dreiteiligen Online-Publikation "Historische Aufnahmen aus dem Vorderen Orient" vor, die als Zeitdokumente Bilder und begleitende Texte von Reisen aus den Jahren 1968 bis 1979 in einige Länder des Nahen Ostens vorstellt. Die Bildauswahl zeigt v. a. Kunstobjekte und Landschafts- bzw. Architekturaufnahmen mit Bezug zur Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte.
Mit diesem Beitrag ("Iraq und Iran") liegt Teil 2 der dreiteiligen Online-Publikation "Historische Aufnahmen aus dem Vorderen Orient" vor, die als Zeitdokumente Bilder und begleitende Texte von Reisen aus den Jahren 1968 bis 1979 in einige Länder des Nahen Ostens vorstellt. Die Bildauswahl zeigt v. a. Kunstobjekte und Landschafts- bzw. Architekturaufnahmen mit Bezug zur Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte.