Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (130)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (130)
Year of publication
- 2022 (130) (remove)
Document Type
- Journal article (108)
- Doctoral Thesis (17)
- Preprint (2)
- Report (2)
- Book (1)
Language
- English (130) (remove)
Keywords
- biodiversity (7)
- land use (6)
- climate (4)
- Biodiversität (3)
- SARS-CoV-2 (3)
- USP28 (3)
- cancer (3)
- circadian clock (3)
- ecosystem services (3)
- metabarcoding (3)
- national park (3)
- natural disturbance (3)
- pollination (3)
- recombination (3)
- Ökologie (3)
- DNA damage (2)
- Germany (2)
- Herbivory (2)
- Scarabaeidae (2)
- Trypanosoma (2)
- active zone (2)
- altitudinal gradients (2)
- arthropods (2)
- bats (2)
- caloric restriction (2)
- cisplatin (2)
- climate change (2)
- cuticular hydrocarbons (2)
- cytokinins (2)
- dSTORM (2)
- ecosystem function (2)
- evolution (2)
- foraging (2)
- forest management (2)
- functional diversity (2)
- insect monitoring (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- meiosis (2)
- microclimate (2)
- mutation (2)
- navigation (2)
- neuroanatomy (2)
- neuroethology (2)
- nutrition (2)
- octopamine (2)
- paraspeckles (2)
- phylogeny (2)
- synaptonemal complex (2)
- thermogenesis (2)
- 18S (1)
- 2-DG (1)
- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (1)
- 3D lung tumor tissue models (1)
- 3D tissue model (1)
- 5-methylcytosine (1)
- ACKR4 (1)
- AI (1)
- AIModules (1)
- AKT (1)
- APEX2 (1)
- ATG7 (1)
- ATM (1)
- Acid Sphingomyelinase (1)
- Ackerschmalwand (1)
- Adaptive Optics (1)
- Adaptive Optik (1)
- Agriculture intensification (1)
- Air pollution (1)
- AldoA (1)
- Alps (1)
- Apis dorsata (1)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- Arten-Energy-Theory (1)
- Aureobasidium pullulans (1)
- BETA-Diversität (1)
- BETA-Multifunktionalität (1)
- Bartak (1)
- Bee abundance (1)
- Bee assemblages (1)
- Bee species richness (1)
- Bialowieza (1)
- Biodiversity conservation (1)
- Borkenkäfer (1)
- Brassicogethes spp. (1)
- CA3 (1)
- CD95 (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- COVID-19 pandemic (1)
- CPF (1)
- CRC (1)
- CRY evolution (1)
- CX5461 (1)
- Carabid beetles (1)
- Cataglyphis (1)
- Chl (1)
- Chlamydia (1)
- Chlamydia trachomatis (1)
- Chromatinremodeling (1)
- Chromatinremodelling (1)
- Cisplatin (1)
- Co-occurrence matrix (1)
- Complexes (1)
- Cushing (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA helicase (1)
- DNA replication (1)
- DNA storage (1)
- DNA-PK (1)
- DNA-repair (1)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1)
- Diversität (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster (1)
- EMT (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecosystem services (1)
- Einzelmolekülmikroskopie (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelzelle (1)
- Expansion Microscopy (1)
- FLIMbee (1)
- Forschungsstation Fabrikschleichach (1)
- G-protein-coupled receptors (1)
- GPCR (1)
- Geomagnetic Field (1)
- German Research Foundation (1)
- Government research funding (1)
- Growth (1)
- H7N9 influenza virus (1)
- HDBSCAN (1)
- HGPS (1)
- HHV-6A (1)
- HPV (1)
- Herbivore (1)
- Herpesvirus (1)
- Histone (1)
- Histones (1)
- Human land use (1)
- Höhengradient (1)
- IGFBP2 (1)
- IR (1)
- ITS2 (1)
- Japankärpfling (1)
- Jena Experiment (1)
- KRAS biomarker signatures (1)
- Kilimandscharo (1)
- Klimaänderung (1)
- Kompass (1)
- L929 (1)
- LAMN (1)
- LC/MS (1)
- LC–HRESIMS (1)
- Landnutzung (1)
- Landnutzungsgradient (1)
- Landsat (1)
- Learning & Memory (1)
- Learning Walk (1)
- LiDAR (1)
- Livestock grazing (1)
- Lymantria dispar (1)
- MIZ1 (1)
- MMP-1 (1)
- MTH1 (1)
- MTL30 (1)
- MYC (1)
- Malaise trap (1)
- Mc4r (1)
- Medaka (1)
- Medaka fish (1)
- MiMIC (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Molekularbiologie (1)
- Monoklonaler Antikörper (1)
- Mrap2 (1)
- NDVI (1)
- NEAT1 (1)
- NONO (1)
- NSCLC (1)
- Nahrungserwerb (1)
- National Science Foundation (1)
- Nationalpark (1)
- Natural pest control (1)
- Navigation (1)
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1)
- Neuroethologie (1)
- Neuroethology (1)
- Olea (1)
- Opsin (1)
- Orthoptera (1)
- Ozone (1)
- PI3K (1)
- PSMA (1)
- PTEN (1)
- Patch-clamp (1)
- Pest management (1)
- Pfam domain (1)
- Plant (1)
- Plant-insect interactions (1)
- Plant-pollinator interactions (1)
- Plasma membrane repair (1)
- Pollination (1)
- Pollination services (1)
- Pollinator (1)
- Polyethism (1)
- Predation (1)
- Proteine (1)
- Prädation (1)
- Puberty (1)
- Pubertät (1)
- R0 (1)
- RBM8A (1)
- RIM1α (1)
- RNA interference (1)
- RNA secondary structure (1)
- RNA sequencing (1)
- RNAPOL1 (1)
- Ribosomal protein gene (1)
- SF3 helicase (1)
- SMLM (1)
- SSI (1)
- STORM (1)
- SV pool (1)
- Savannah ecosystems (1)
- Schwertkärpfling (1)
- Schädlingsbekämpfung (1)
- Sentinel-1 (1)
- Sentinel-2 (1)
- Sinapis arvensis (1)
- Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (1)
- Squamous cell carcinoma (1)
- Staphylococcus (1)
- Staphylococcus aureus (1)
- Synapse (1)
- Säugetiere (1)
- T-cell epitope (1)
- TGF-β (1)
- TH1579 (1)
- TH588 (1)
- TNF-α (1)
- Tanzania (1)
- Taufliege (1)
- Townes (1)
- Transkription (1)
- Trigona fuscipennis (1)
- Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (1)
- Unc-13 (1)
- Usher syndrome (1)
- Ustilago maydis (1)
- V1–V9 (1)
- V4 (1)
- V7/V8 (1)
- Variants (1)
- WNT (1)
- Waldökosystem (1)
- Xiphophorus (1)
- Y chromosome degeneration (1)
- Y14 (1)
- Zersetzer (1)
- ZfKD (1)
- achiasmatic (1)
- acid sphingomyelinase (1)
- acoustic stream (1)
- activity (1)
- acute brain slices (1)
- adaptation (1)
- adrenal surgery (1)
- adrenalectomia (1)
- adrenocortical adenocarcinoma (1)
- aerobiology (1)
- aging (1)
- agri-environment scheme (1)
- agriculture (1)
- agroecology (1)
- agroforestry (1)
- aldolase A (1)
- allergens (1)
- allergy (1)
- allometry (1)
- alpine plants (1)
- amino acid (1)
- amino acid restriction (1)
- animal behaviour (1)
- anion channel (1)
- apis mellifera (1)
- appendectomy (1)
- appendicitis (1)
- appendix (1)
- area‐concentrated search (1)
- arthropod predators (1)
- ash dieback (1)
- associative learning (1)
- autophagy (1)
- bacterial meningitis (1)
- bark beetle disturbance (1)
- bee abundance (1)
- bee body size (1)
- bee decline (1)
- bee pollination (1)
- bee species richness (1)
- beech forests (1)
- beetle communities (1)
- beetles (1)
- behavioral experiments (1)
- beta diversity (1)
- beta-multifunctionality (1)
- binding pocket (1)
- biodiversity exploratories (1)
- biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biological activities (1)
- biomimetic tissue models (1)
- bioorthogonal labeling (1)
- biosonar (1)
- birds (1)
- body size (1)
- boolean in silico models (1)
- brain endothelial cells (1)
- bumblebees (1)
- buparlisib (1)
- c-MYC (1)
- c-Myc (1)
- cancer diagnosis (1)
- cancer dissemination (1)
- canopy herbivory (1)
- cardioactive factor (1)
- cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) (1)
- caspase-3 (1)
- cell death (1)
- cell membrane model (1)
- cellular reprogramming (1)
- central complex (1)
- ceramidase (1)
- ceramide (1)
- ceramides (1)
- chalcidoid wasps (1)
- channelrhodopsin (1)
- chemical communication (1)
- chemical mimicry (1)
- chromatin (1)
- chrysididae (1)
- circadian clock neurons (1)
- climate changes (1)
- climatic factors (1)
- climatic gradients (1)
- clock network (1)
- co-culture (1)
- co-expression coefficient (1)
- cocoa (1)
- coexistence (1)
- cold stress (1)
- coleoptera (1)
- colon resection (1)
- colorectal cancer (1)
- combined retinal dystrophy (1)
- community structure (1)
- comparative sequence analysis (1)
- competition (1)
- complication (1)
- compressed sensing (1)
- conservation (1)
- conservation biology (1)
- contact inhibition (1)
- conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (1)
- coprophagous beetles (1)
- coral reef ecosystem (1)
- coral reef resilience (1)
- cosmology (1)
- cost-effectiveness (1)
- crossing-over (1)
- cryo-electron microscopy (1)
- cryptochrome (1)
- cryptochrome/photolyase family (1)
- crystallization (1)
- deadwood (1)
- deadwood enrichment (1)
- decentralized control (1)
- decision-making (1)
- decomposition (1)
- deep learning (1)
- defoliation severity (1)
- desiccation resistance (1)
- diet breadth (1)
- distance-decay function (1)
- distance‐based specialization index (1)
- disturbance extent (1)
- disturbance severity (1)
- diversity (1)
- diversity gradients (1)
- diversity–disturbance relationship (1)
- dorsal clock neurons (1)
- drug resistance (1)
- dung beetle (1)
- ecology (1)
- ecosystem functioning (1)
- ecosystem service (1)
- electron tomography (1)
- elevation (1)
- elevation gradient (1)
- elevational diversity patterns (1)
- elevational gradient (1)
- emergent gravity (1)
- energy restriction (1)
- entomology (1)
- environmental monitoring (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epitope prediction (1)
- estrogens (1)
- evolutionary arms race (1)
- ex vivo (1)
- experiment (1)
- feeding (1)
- flight control (1)
- floral larceny (1)
- flower morphology (1)
- flower visitors (1)
- flowering grassland plants (1)
- fluoxetine (1)
- fly pollination (1)
- flybow (1)
- food safety (1)
- forage resources (1)
- foragers (1)
- forest (1)
- forest communities (1)
- forest conservation (1)
- forest conversion (1)
- forest proximity (1)
- fusion (1)
- fusion and fission (1)
- gefitinib (1)
- gene expression (1)
- gene expression networks (1)
- gene regulation (1)
- genetic screen (1)
- genome-wide screen (1)
- geriatric (1)
- global change (1)
- global warming (1)
- glucose restriction (1)
- glycolytic flux control (1)
- grassland (1)
- guard cell (1)
- guild constancy (1)
- gypsy moth (1)
- habitat types (1)
- halophyte (1)
- hand pollination (1)
- hawkmoth (1)
- health effects (1)
- hearing impairment (1)
- helicase (1)
- hemibrain (1)
- hemolysin (1)
- hepatotoxicity (1)
- herbivores (1)
- heterochromatin (1)
- high-pressure freezing (1)
- hill numbers (1)
- hippocampal mossy fiber bouton (1)
- histones (1)
- honeybee (1)
- honeybees (1)
- host discrimination (1)
- host selection (1)
- human breast (1)
- hymenoptera (1)
- immune-informatics (1)
- immunohistochemistry (1)
- in vitro (1)
- in vivo (1)
- inclusion of nature in one’s self (1)
- indicator species (1)
- individual‐based model (1)
- indoor dust (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- induction (1)
- insect (1)
- insect brain (1)
- insect communities (1)
- insect decline (1)
- insect disturbance (1)
- insect-fungus symbiosis (1)
- insecticidal knockdown (1)
- insects (1)
- interaction networks (1)
- intermediate disturbance hypothesis (1)
- intermediate host (1)
- inter‐tegular distance (1)
- intestinal control (1)
- intra-annual time-series (1)
- intrinsic metabolism (1)
- invasion (1)
- ion channel (1)
- juvenile hormone (1)
- kinetin (1)
- kisspeptin/galanin/spexin signalling (1)
- landmark (1)
- landmark panorama (1)
- landscape diversity (1)
- landscape ecology (1)
- larval and pupal development (1)
- latency (1)
- learning (1)
- learning and memory (1)
- left hemicolectomy (1)
- lepidoptera (1)
- leptomeningeal cells (1)
- life-history traits (1)
- light-gated proteins (1)
- light‐gated (1)
- liposome (1)
- liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (1)
- local adaptation (1)
- local cues (1)
- localization microscopy (1)
- long non-coding RNA (1)
- long-term outcome (1)
- low carb (1)
- low-grade mucinous neoplasm (1)
- luciferase (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lymphotoxicity (1)
- magnetic compass (1)
- major environmental values (1)
- mammalian system (1)
- mean annual temperature (1)
- membrane potential (1)
- meningeal blood-csf barrier (1)
- metabolic network model (1)
- metabolism and growth (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- metapopulation (1)
- metastasis (1)
- metastasis-directed therapy (1)
- methionine (1)
- methionine restriction (1)
- miR-30 (1)
- miRNA processing (1)
- microbiomes (1)
- microscopy (1)
- migration (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- molecular docking (1)
- molecular mobility (1)
- monoclonal antibodies (1)
- monoklonale Antikörper (1)
- mortality (1)
- mountain ecology (1)
- mountain ecosystems (1)
- multiple linear regression (1)
- nanoarchitecture (1)
- nanocellulose (1)
- natural pest control (1)
- naturalistic stimuli (1)
- nature conservation (1)
- nectar macronutrients (1)
- neisseria meningitidis (1)
- neophyte trees (1)
- nest site selection (1)
- nesting (1)
- network analysis (1)
- neural coding (1)
- neuraminidase (1)
- neuroblastoma – diagnosis (1)
- neuropeptide signalling (1)
- neuropeptides (1)
- niche (1)
- nitrogen uptake (1)
- non-sense mutations (1)
- northern Tanzania (1)
- nucleic acid motifs (1)
- nucleolus (1)
- nucleosomes (1)
- numerical cognition (1)
- nurse bees (1)
- octogenerians (1)
- octopamine receptors (1)
- oilseed rape (1)
- oligorecurrence (1)
- olive (1)
- omics (1)
- oogenesis (1)
- optic flow (1)
- orientation (1)
- origin (1)
- orthopoxvirus (1)
- outcome (1)
- ovarian cancer (1)
- overfishing (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- p53 (1)
- paleoecology (1)
- palynology (1)
- pancreatic cancer (1)
- pangolin (1)
- panorama (1)
- parthenogenesis (1)
- partial least square regression (1)
- particulate matter (1)
- path integration (1)
- pediatric (1)
- perfusion culture (1)
- peritoneal metastasis (1)
- pest control (1)
- phage (1)
- phase transition (1)
- phenotype (1)
- pheromone trail (1)
- philanthidae (1)
- phlorizin (1)
- phosphoglycolate phosphatase (1)
- photolyase (1)
- phototropin (1)
- phytohormones (1)
- plant guilds (1)
- plant richness (1)
- plant system (1)
- plant–insect interactions (1)
- plant–pollinator interactions (1)
- polar ion transport (1)
- pollen (1)
- pollen nutrients (1)
- pollination network (1)
- pollination services (1)
- pollinator (1)
- pollinator decline (1)
- pollinator diversity (1)
- positive selection (1)
- postoperative inflammation (1)
- poxvirus (1)
- predictive modeling (1)
- presynaptic (1)
- presynaptic homeostasis (1)
- pristine forests (1)
- progeria (1)
- proliferation (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- protein chip (1)
- prototheca (1)
- proximity labeling (1)
- proximity ligation (1)
- quantity discrimination (1)
- qubit (1)
- quinoa (1)
- radial (1)
- radiotherapy (1)
- range limits (1)
- recreation (1)
- remote sensing (1)
- replication stress (1)
- reproductive toxicity (1)
- resource selection (1)
- ribosome (1)
- ribosome biogenesis (1)
- robotic surgery (1)
- rove beetle (1)
- salt tolerance (1)
- salvage radiotherapy (1)
- saproxylic (1)
- saproxylic beetles (1)
- secondary structure (1)
- semantic segmentation (1)
- sex chromosomes (1)
- sex linked pigmentation pattern (1)
- sex pheromones (1)
- sex-determining genes. (1)
- sexual antagonistic genes (1)
- sexual development dysgenesis (1)
- sexual dimorphism (1)
- shade cover (1)
- single-electron transistors (1)
- single-port appendectomy (1)
- sleep (1)
- sleep/activity (1)
- smallholder agriculture (1)
- solitary bees (1)
- sown flower field age and size (1)
- space-for-time approach (1)
- spatial scales (1)
- spatially structured population (1)
- species community composition (1)
- species richness (1)
- species-energy-theory (1)
- spiders (1)
- squamous tumors (1)
- stalk cell (1)
- stemness (1)
- stress (1)
- structure prediction (1)
- study design (1)
- sun exposure (1)
- super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (1)
- surgery (1)
- surgical site infection (1)
- swarming (1)
- synaptic proteins (1)
- synaptic ultrastructure (1)
- synaptische Proteine (1)
- targeted combination therapy (1)
- task allocation (1)
- temperate forests (1)
- temperature (1)
- temperature gradient (1)
- temporal range (1)
- testosterone (1)
- therapy (1)
- threshold indicator taxa analysis (1)
- trans-tango (1)
- transcriptional control (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcriptomes (1)
- transcriptomic response (1)
- transmission (1)
- transportome (1)
- trans‐Tango (1)
- trap selectivity (1)
- tree species (1)
- triglycerides (1)
- tropical ecology (1)
- type I interferon (1)
- undernourishment (1)
- undersampling (1)
- unified theories (1)
- urban (1)
- urban ecology (1)
- variable regions (1)
- variations in genome (1)
- vemurafenib (1)
- vertical stratification (1)
- virtual docking (1)
- virulence (1)
- virus reactivation (1)
- vision (1)
- volume (1)
- volume regulation (1)
- water (1)
- well-being (1)
- wild honeybees (1)
- woodinhabiting-fungi (1)
- wound (1)
- wound infection (1)
- zygomorphy (1)
- ΔNp63 (1)
- α‐diversity (1)
- β‐diversity (1)
Institute
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (130) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg (1)
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt (1)
- Institut für Tierökologie und Tropenbiologie (1)
- Leuphana Universität Lüneburg (1)
- Mildred-Scheel-Nachwuchszentrum (1)
- Technische Universität Dresden (1)
- Technische Universität München (1)
- Universität Bayreuth (1)
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Institut für Molekularbiologie, AG Becker-Flegler (1)
- Universität Göttingen (1)
The exponential increase in the human population in tandem with increased food demand has caused agriculture to be the global‐dominant form of land use. Afrotropical drylands are currently facing the loss of natural savannah habitats and agricultural intensification with largely unknown consequences for bees. Here we investigate the effects of agricultural intensification on bee assemblages in the Afrotropical drylands of northern Tanzania. We disentangled the direct effects of agricultural intensification and temperature on bee richness from indirect effects mediated by changes in floral resources.
We collected data from 24 study sites representing three levels of management intensity (natural savannah, moderate intensive and highly intensive agriculture) spanning an extensive gradient of mean annual temperature (MAT) in northern Tanzania. We used ordinary linear models and path analysis to test the effects of agricultural intensity and MAT on bee species richness, bee species composition and body‐size variation of bee communities.
We found that bee species richness increased with agricultural intensity and with increasing temperature. The effects of agricultural intensity and temperature on bee species richness were mediated by the positive effects of agriculture and temperature on the richness of floral resources used by bees. During the off‐growing season, agricultural land was characterized by an extensive period of fallow land holding a very high density of flowering plants with unique bee species composition. The increase in bee diversity in agricultural habitats paralleled an increasing variation of bee body sizes with agricultural intensification that, however, diminished in environments with higher temperatures.
Synthesis and applications. Our study reveals that bee assemblages in Afrotropical drylands benefit from agricultural intensification in the way it is currently practiced. However, further land‐use intensification, including year‐round irrigated crop monocultures and excessive use of agrochemicals, is likely to exert a negative impact on bee diversity and pollination services, as reported in temperate regions. Moreover, several bee species were restricted to natural savannah habitats. To conserve bee communities and guarantee pollination services in the region, a mixture of savannah and agriculture, with long periods of fallow land should be maintained.
One rarely finds practical guidelines for the implementation of complex optical setups. Here, we aim to provide technical details on the decision making of building and revising a custom sensor-based adaptive optics (AO) direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscope (dSTORM) to provide practical assistance in setting up or troubleshooting similar devices.
The foundation of this report is an instrument constructed as part of a master's thesis in 2021, which was built for deep tissue imaging. The setup is presented in the following way: (1) An optical and mechanical overview of the system at the beginning of this internship is given. (2) The optical components are described in detail in the order at which the light passes through, highlighting their working principle and implementation in the system. The optical component include (2A) a focus on even sample illumination, (2B) restoring telecentricity when working with commercial microscope bodies, (2C) the AO elements, namely the deformable mirror (DM) and the wavefront sensor, and their integration, and (2D) the separation of wavefront and image capture using fluorescent beads and a dichroic mirror. After addressing the limitations of the existing setup, modification options are derived. The modifications include the implementation of adjustment only light paths to improve system stability and revise the degrees of freedom of the components and changes in lens choices to meet the specifications of the AO components. Last, the capabilities of the modified setup are presented and discussed: (1) First, we enable epifluorescence imaging of bead samples through 180 µm unstained murine hippocampal tissue with wavefront error correction of ~ 90 %. Point spread function, wavefront shape and Zernike decomposition of bead samples are presented. (2) Second, we move from epifluorescent to dSTORM imaging of tubulin stained primary mouse hippocampal cells, which are imaged through up to 180 µm of unstained murine hippocampal tissue. We show that full width at half maximum (FWHM) of prominent features can be reduced in size by nearly a magnitude from uncorrected epiflourescence images to dSTORM images corrected by the adaptive optics. We present dSTORM localization count and FWHM of prominent features as as a function of imaging depth.
Background
Adrenalectomies are rare procedures especially in childhood. So far, no large cohort study on this topic has been published with data on to age distribution, operative procedures, hospital volume and operative outcome.
Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of anonymized nationwide hospital billing data (DRG data, 2009-2017). All adrenal surgeries (defined by OPS codes) of patients between the age 0 and 21 years in Germany were included.
Results
A total of 523 patient records were identified. The mean age was 8.6 ± 7.7 years and 262 patients were female (50.1%). The majority of patients were between 0 and 5 years old (52% overall), while 11.1% were between 6 and 11 and 38.8% older than 12 years. The most common diagnoses were malignant neoplasms of the adrenal gland (56%, mostly neuroblastoma) with the majority being younger than 5 years. Benign neoplasms in the adrenal gland (D350) account for 29% of all cases with the majority of affected patients being 12 years or older. 15% were not defined regarding tumor behavior. Overall complication rate was 27% with a clear higher complication rate in resection for malignant neoplasia of the adrenal gland. Bleeding occurrence and transfusions are the main complications, followed by the necessary of relaparotomy. There was an uneven patient distribution between hospital tertiles (low volume, medium and high volume tertile). While 164 patients received surgery in 85 different “low volume” hospitals (0.2 cases per hospital per year), 205 patients received surgery in 8 different “high volume” hospitals (2.8 cases per hospital per year; p<0.001). Patients in high volume centers were significant younger, had more extended resections and more often malignant neoplasia. In multivariable analysis younger age, extended resections and open procedures were independent predictors for occurrence of postoperative complications.
Conclusion
Overall complication rate of adrenalectomies in the pediatric population in Germany is low, demonstrating good therapeutic quality. Our analysis revealed a very uneven distribution of patient volume among hospitals.
Unisexual reproduction, which generates clonal offspring, is an alternative strategy to sexual breeding and occurs even in vertebrates. A wide range of non-sexual reproductive modes have been described, and one of the least understood questions is how such pathways emerged and how they mechanistically proceed. The Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa, needs sperm from males of related species to trigger the parthenogenetic development of diploid eggs. However, the mechanism, of how the unreduced female gametes are produced, remains unclear. Cytological analyses revealed that the chromosomes of primary oocytes initiate pachytene but do not proceed to bivalent formation and meiotic crossovers. Comparing ovary transcriptomes of P. formosa and its sexual parental species revealed expression levels of meiosis-specific genes deviating from P. mexicana but not from P. latipinna. Furthermore, several meiosis genes show biased expression towards one of the two alleles from the parental genomes. We infer from our data that in the Amazon molly diploid oocytes are generated by apomixis due to a failure in the synapsis of homologous chromosomes. The fact that this failure is not reflected in the differential expression of known meiosis genes suggests the underlying molecular mechanism may be dysregulation on the protein level or misexpression of a so far unknown meiosis gene, and/or hybrid dysgenesis because of compromised interaction of proteins from diverged genomes.
The variable regions (V1–V9) of the 18S rDNA are routinely used in barcoding and phylogenetics. In handling these data for trypanosomes, we have noticed a misunderstanding that has apparently taken a life of its own in the literature over the years. In particular, in recent years, when studying the phylogenetic relationship of trypanosomes, the use of V7/V8 was systematically established. However, considering the current numbering system for all other organisms (including other Euglenozoa), V7/V8 was never used. In Maia da Silva et al. [Parasitology 2004, 129, 549–561], V7/V8 was promoted for the first time for trypanosome phylogenetics, and since then, more than 70 publications have replicated this nomenclature and even discussed the benefits of the use of this region in comparison to V4. However, the primers used to amplify the variable region of trypanosomes have actually amplified V4 (concerning the current 18S rDNA numbering system).
A cascade of histone acetylation events with subsequent incorporation of a histone H2A variant plays an essential part in transcription regulation in various model organisms. A key player in this cascade is the chromatin remodelling complex SWR1, which replaces the canonical histone H2A with its variant H2A.Z. Transcriptional regulation of polycistronic transcription units in the unicellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei has been shown to be highly dependent on acetylation of H2A.Z, which is mediated by the histone-acetyltransferase HAT2. The chromatin remodelling complex which mediates H2A.Z incorporation is not known and an SWR1 orthologue in trypanosomes has not yet been reported. In this study, we identified and characterised an SWR1-like remodeller complex in T. brucei that is responsible for Pol II-dependent transcriptional regulation. Bioinformatic analysis of potential SNF2 DEAD/Box helicases, the key component of SWR1 complexes, identified a 1211 amino acids-long protein that exhibits key structural characteristics of the SWR1 subfamily. Systematic protein-protein interaction analysis revealed the existence of a novel complex exhibiting key features of an SWR1-like chromatin remodeller. RNAi-mediated depletion of the ATPase subunit of this complex resulted in a significant reduction of H2A.Z incorporation at transcription start sites and a subsequent decrease of steady-state mRNA levels. Furthermore, depletion of SWR1 and RNA-polymerase II (Pol II) caused massive chromatin condensation. The potential function of several proteins associated with the SWR1-like complex and with HAT2, the key factor of H2A.Z incorporation, is discussed.
Indoor house dust is a blend of organic and inorganic materials, upon which diverse microbial communities such as viruses, bacteria and fungi reside. Adequate moisture in the indoor environment helps microbial communities multiply fast. The outdoor air and materials that are brought into the buildings by airflow, sandstorms, animals pets and house occupants endow the indoor dust particles with extra features that impact human health. Assessment of the health effects of indoor dust particles, the type of indoor microbial inoculants and the secreted enzymes by indoor insects as allergens merit detailed investigation. Here, we discuss the applications of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology which is used to assess microbial diversity and abundance of the indoor dust environments. Likewise, the applications of NGS are discussed to monitor the gene expression profiles of indoor human occupants or their surrogate cellular models when exposed to aqueous solution of collected indoor dust samples. We also highlight the detection methods of dust allergens and analytical procedures that quantify the chemical nature of indoor particulate matter with a potential impact on human health. Our review is thus unique in advocating the applications of interdisciplinary approaches that comprehensively assess the health effects due to bad air quality in built environments.
Purpose
Image acquisition and subsequent manual analysis of cardiac cine MRI is time-consuming. The purpose of this study was to train and evaluate a 3D artificial neural network for semantic segmentation of radially undersampled cardiac MRI to accelerate both scan time and postprocessing.
Methods
A database of Cartesian short-axis MR images of the heart (148,500 images, 484 examinations) was assembled from an openly accessible database and radial undersampling was simulated. A 3D U-Net architecture was pretrained for segmentation of undersampled spatiotemporal cine MRI. Transfer learning was then performed using samples from a second database, comprising 108 non-Cartesian radial cine series of the midventricular myocardium to optimize the performance for authentic data. The performance was evaluated for different levels of undersampling by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) with respect to reference labels, as well as by deriving ventricular volumes and myocardial masses.
Results
Without transfer learning, the pretrained model performed moderately on true radial data [maximum number of projections tested, P = 196; DSC = 0.87 (left ventricle), DSC = 0.76 (myocardium), and DSC =0.64 (right ventricle)]. After transfer learning with authentic data, the predictions achieved human level even for high undersampling rates (P = 33, DSC = 0.95, 0.87, and 0.93) without significant difference compared with segmentations derived from fully sampled data.
Conclusion
A 3D U-Net architecture can be used for semantic segmentation of radially undersampled cine acquisitions, achieving a performance comparable with human experts in fully sampled data. This approach can jointly accelerate time-consuming cine image acquisition and cumbersome manual image analysis.
Recent reports on insect decline have highlighted the need for long‐term data on insect communities towards identifying their trends and drivers.
With the launch of many new insect monitoring schemes to investigate insect communities over large spatial and temporal scales, Malaise traps have become one of the most important tools due to the broad spectrum of species collected and reduced capture bias through passive sampling of insects day and night. However, Malaise traps can vary in size, shape, and colour, and it is unknown how these differences affect biomass, species richness, and composition of trap catch, making it difficult to compare results between studies.
We compared five Malaise trap types (three variations of the Townes and two variations of the Bartak Malaise trap) to determine their effects on biomass and species richness as identified by metabarcoding.
Insect biomass varied by 20%–55%, not strictly following trap size but varying with trap type. Total species richness was 20%–38% higher in the three Townes trap models compared to the Bartak traps. Bartak traps captured lower richness of highly mobile taxa but increased richness of ground‐dwelling taxa. The white roofed Townes trap captured a higher richness of pollinators.
We find that biomass, total richness, and taxa group specific richness are all sensitive to Malaise trap type. Trap type should be carefully considered and aligned to match monitoring and research questions. Additionally, our estimates of trap type effects can be used to adjust results to facilitate comparisons across studies.
Protothecosis is an infectious disease caused by organisms currently classified within the green algal genus Prototheca. The disease can manifest as cutaneous lesions, olecranon bursitis or disseminated or systemic infections in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. Concerning diagnostics, taxonomic validity is important. Prototheca, closely related to the Chlorella species complex, is known to be polyphyletic, branching with Auxenochlorella and Helicosporidium. The phylogeny of Prototheca was discussed and revisited several times in the last decade; new species have been described. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and partial mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) sequence data. In this work we use Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) as well as 18S rDNA data. However, for the first time, we reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of Prototheca using primary sequence and RNA secondary structure information simultaneously, a concept shown to increase robustness and accuracy of phylogenetic tree estimation. Using encoded sequence-structure data, Neighbor-Joining, Maximum-Parsimony and Maximum-Likelihood methods yielded well-supported trees in agreement with other trees calculated on rDNA; but differ in several aspects from trees using cytb as a phylogenetic marker. ITS2 secondary structures of Prototheca sequences are in agreement with the well-known common core structure of eukaryotes but show unusual differences in their helix lengths. An elongation of the fourth helix of some species seems to have occurred independently in the course of evolution.