Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (364)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (364)
Year of publication
- 2012 (364) (remove)
Document Type
- Journal article (364) (remove)
Language
- English (364) (remove)
Keywords
- Medizin (40)
- hadron-hadron scattering (15)
- Biologie (13)
- Psychologie (9)
- systematic uncertainty (9)
- cancer (8)
- gene expression (8)
- expression (7)
- jet energy scale (7)
- protein (7)
- brain (6)
- in vitro (6)
- Chemie (5)
- binding (5)
- differentiation (5)
- genome-wide association (5)
- melanoma (5)
- mice (5)
- therapy (5)
- transverse momentum (5)
- ATLAS (4)
- Atlas detector (4)
- apoptosis (4)
- cells (4)
- disease (4)
- gene (4)
- genetics (4)
- identification (4)
- inhibitor (4)
- jet energy resolution (4)
- messenger RNA (4)
- metaanalysis (4)
- model (4)
- neuroprotection (4)
- receptor (4)
- resistance (4)
- signal transduction (4)
- single-crystal X-ray study (4)
- survival (4)
- tumors (4)
- validation (4)
- MC simulation (3)
- MRI (3)
- SM background (3)
- T cells (3)
- association (3)
- breast-tumors (3)
- central-nervous-system (3)
- children (3)
- classification (3)
- colony-stimulating factor (3)
- emotion (3)
- epithelial cells (3)
- escherichia coli (3)
- genes (3)
- jet energy scale uncertainty (3)
- light quark jet (3)
- lung (3)
- lung cancer (3)
- magnetic resonance imaging (3)
- multijet background (3)
- multiple sclerosis (3)
- non-prompt lepton (3)
- progression (3)
- quality of life (3)
- serum (3)
- stroke (3)
- top quark mass (3)
- top quark pair (3)
- trial (3)
- ubiquitin (3)
- 5-HT1A (2)
- 5-HT2C (2)
- ADHD (2)
- Alzheimers disease (2)
- Anti-k Jet (2)
- BDNF (2)
- Cl Lowe limit (2)
- EF-1A (2)
- FAAH (2)
- HIV (2)
- Image-guidance (2)
- JES uncertainty (2)
- MC event generator (2)
- NPY (2)
- Pp Collision (2)
- RNA-seq (2)
- Radiosurgery (2)
- Raf kinases (2)
- T = 100 K (2)
- T cell (2)
- West Africa (2)
- ablation (2)
- acceptance time efficiency (2)
- acute kidney injury (2)
- adalimumab (2)
- african trypanosomes (2)
- angiogenesis (2)
- anti-k jet (2)
- antirheumatic agents (2)
- architecture (2)
- astrocytes (2)
- basal ganglia (2)
- biomarkers (2)
- blood pressure (2)
- blood-brain barrier (2)
- breast cancer (2)
- calorimeter (2)
- cancer cells (2)
- carcinoma (2)
- cerebral ischemia (2)
- chemotherapy (2)
- ciliary neurotrophic factor (2)
- climate change (2)
- closed head injury (2)
- coagulation (2)
- combination therapy (2)
- comparative genomic hybridization (2)
- decision making (2)
- deficient mice (2)
- degeneration (2)
- dependent protein-kinase (2)
- depression (2)
- disease progression (2)
- diversity (2)
- domain (2)
- down regulation (2)
- endocannabinoid (2)
- endophenotype (2)
- endothelial cells (2)
- enterica serovar typhimurium (2)
- environment (2)
- fake lepton (2)
- films (2)
- focal cerebral-ischemia (2)
- follow up (2)
- functional characterization (2)
- giant ventral hernia (2)
- ideomotor theory (2)
- immunoreactive neurons (2)
- in vivo (2)
- in-vitro (2)
- inflammation (2)
- injury (2)
- jet channel (2)
- jet reconstruction efficiency (2)
- jet transverse momentum (2)
- kinase (2)
- laparostomy (2)
- lines (2)
- linkage (2)
- living cells (2)
- localization (2)
- magnetic resonance (2)
- malaria (2)
- mass spectrometry (2)
- mechanisms (2)
- melanogaster (2)
- metastasis (2)
- microenvironment (2)
- microglia (2)
- migration (2)
- multi-jet background (2)
- muon channel (2)
- mutation (2)
- mutations (2)
- myocardial infarction (2)
- myocardial-infarction (2)
- neurons (2)
- nude-mice (2)
- olfactory memory (2)
- oncolysis (2)
- open abdomen (2)
- ovarian cancer (2)
- oxidative stress (2)
- partial decay width (2)
- pathway (2)
- peptide vaccination (2)
- perception (2)
- perspectives (2)
- phosphorylation (2)
- prevalence (2)
- primary vertex (2)
- randomized controlled trial (2)
- recognition (2)
- regression analysis (2)
- resolution (2)
- responses (2)
- rheumatoid arthritis (2)
- sample (2)
- schizophrenia (2)
- signal cross section (2)
- simulated signal event (2)
- single top event (2)
- single top production (2)
- single top quark (2)
- single top quark production (2)
- sleep (2)
- sleep disorders (2)
- smooth muscle cells (2)
- speech perception (2)
- staphylococcus aureus (2)
- startle reflex (2)
- stem cells (2)
- surface (2)
- susceptibility gene (2)
- synthetic mesh (2)
- tissue (2)
- tolerance (2)
- top quark decay (2)
- trabeculectomy (2)
- transcription (2)
- transmission (2)
- traumatic brain injury (2)
- treatment outcome (2)
- triple in situ hybridization (2)
- tumor (2)
- vacuum conditioning (2)
- variability (2)
- variants (2)
- virulence (2)
- visible cross section (2)
- wR factor = 0.068 (2)
- 1/N expansion (1)
- 14.7K (1)
- 1p13.3 (1)
- 1q21 (1)
- 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin (1)
- 2,5-diketopiperazines (1)
- 5-HT transporter (1)
- 68Ga-DOTATATE (1)
- 7000 GeV-cms (1)
- 7q11.2 (1)
- A-type lamins (1)
- ACC deaminase (1)
- AGT (1)
- ALK-1 (1)
- ALMT (1)
- ALS (1)
- AMD (1)
- ARF (1)
- ATLAS detector (1)
- Advanced snowmelt (1)
- Ag(111) (1)
- Alps (1)
- Alzheimer's disease (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Amazonia (1)
- Animal models (1)
- Arabidopsis (1)
- Araneae (1)
- Aspergillus fumigatus (1)
- Aspergillus niger (1)
- Atherosclerotic plaque (1)
- Attentional performance (1)
- AuxRE (1)
- Auxin-regulated transcription (1)
- B cell (1)
- B cells (1)
- B neisseria meningitidis (1)
- B-tagged jet (1)
- BBCH (1)
- BK virus (1)
- BRCA1 (1)
- BRCA1 positive (1)
- BRCA1/2 negative (1)
- BRCA2 positive (1)
- Bacillus megaterium (1)
- Biochemie (1)
- Blut-Hirn-Schranke (1)
- Botanik (1)
- Bowen’s disease, periungual (1)
- Brain edema (1)
- Brain ischemia (1)
- Brugia Malayi (1)
- Bullous pemphigoid (1)
- C-13 NMR (1)
- C-MYC (1)
- C-reactive protein (1)
- C57BL/KALWRIJ mouse (1)
- C9orf72 (1)
- CCL2 (MCP-1) (1)
- CD30 (1)
- CD4(+) (1)
- CD4(+) T-cells (1)
- CD95 (1)
- CENP-A (1)
- CERN LHC Coll (1)
- CIS+ (1)
- CMR (1)
- COMT VAL(158)MET polymorphism (1)
- COPD diagnosis (1)
- CSE4, CENP-A (1)
- CSF (1)
- CXCL8 (IL-8) (1)
- Caco-2 (1)
- Camponotus floridanus (1)
- Cardiovascular risk factors (1)
- Cerebral blood flow (1)
- Cerebral vasospasm (1)
- Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (1)
- Cis-elements (1)
- Cisterna magna (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Coexpression (1)
- Cognitive (1)
- Colloids (1)
- Combination (1)
- Commercial preparations (1)
- Cone-beam CT (1)
- Contaminants (1)
- Coronary artery bypass graft (1)
- Cryolesion (1)
- Crystalloids (1)
- Cushings syndrome (1)
- Cystic fibrosis (1)
- DNA Methylation (1)
- DNA repair (1)
- DNA repeat expansion (1)
- DNA replication (1)
- DNA-binding vesicles (1)
- DOT1 (1)
- DRD2 (1)
- Danish hernia database (1)
- Delayed snowmelt (1)
- Depression (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Dickblattgewächse (1)
- Double hemorrhage model (1)
- E3 14.7-kilodalton protein (1)
- E3 ubiquitin ligase (1)
- EBRT (1)
- ECG-recording (1)
- ECORN-CF Projekt (1)
- EHS classification (1)
- EMG (1)
- EORTC-BN20 (1)
- EORTC-QLQ-C15-PAL (1)
- EP Procedures (1)
- ERP-BCI (1)
- ERPS (1)
- ETR (1)
- Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (1)
- European beech (1)
- European countries (1)
- European experience (1)
- Experimental brain trauma (1)
- Extended field irradiation (1)
- FAS (1)
- FMRI (1)
- FXII (1)
- Fabry disease (1)
- Fanconi-anemia subtype (1)
- Flowering (1)
- Foamy virus (1)
- Follicular lymphoma (1)
- Fontan’s Operation (1)
- Frabin/Fgd4 (1)
- Frame-based (1)
- Frame-less (1)
- Functional modules (1)
- GABA(A) receptors (1)
- GMSB model (1)
- GO1 (1)
- GOLD (1)
- GRN (1)
- GagPol fusion protein (1)
- Garcinia biflavonoids (1)
- Glucosetransportproteine (1)
- GlyRs (1)
- Glycosyltransferase (1)
- Göttingen (1)
- HBO (1)
- HES (1)
- HIV-1; subtype C; proviral plasmid; viral replication; resistance assays; Vpu; CD317; CD4 (1)
- HLA (1)
- HPLC-MS/MS method (1)
- HRAS (1)
- HaCaT cells (1)
- Hadron-Hadron Scattering (1)
- Helicobacterpylori (1)
- Hepatitis C infection (1)
- Higgs (1)
- Higgs boson signal (1)
- Holliday junction reolvass (1)
- Hospitalization (1)
- Human papillomavirus (1)
- II type-2 receptor (1)
- IL-12 production (1)
- IL-17 (1)
- IL28B (1)
- IMpACT (1)
- IVF-methods (1)
- Imd pathway (1)
- Immunoadsorption (1)
- Immunoapheresis (1)
- Infectious disease (1)
- Inferior vena cava (1)
- Influenza (1)
- Integrase (1)
- Integrated network analysis (1)
- Inter-observer variability (1)
- JES (1)
- Japanese population (1)
- KATP channel (1)
- L cells (1)
- LHC (1)
- LMNA mutations (1)
- LPHN3 (1)
- LTD (1)
- Lamto Reserve (1)
- Large Hadron Collider (1)
- Lung cancer (1)
- MC expectation (1)
- MC program (1)
- MCPH1 (1)
- MK801 (1)
- MODIS (1)
- MR guidance (1)
- MRSA (1)
- MS (1)
- MYB (1)
- MYC (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Magnetfeld (1)
- Martensit (1)
- Mehrskalenmodell (1)
- Melatonin (1)
- Meningioma (1)
- Mesh Augmentation (1)
- Metabolic pathways (1)
- Metabolic profiles (1)
- Mice (1)
- Microcirculation (1)
- Micromonospora (1)
- Milnesium tardigradum (1)
- Minischwein (1)
- Monte Carlo (1)
- Monte Carlo methods (1)
- Motor cortex (1)
- Motor plasticity (1)
- Multiple sclerosis (1)
- Mycobacterium caprae (1)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (1)
- Mycoplasma (1)
- N-Myc down regulated gene 1 (1)
- N170 (1)
- NA/I symporter (1)
- NADPH oxidase (1)
- NADPH oxidases (NOX) (1)
- NCAM1 (1)
- NDVI (1)
- NF-kappa-B (1)
- NI(111) (1)
- NMDA-Antagonist (1)
- NMDA-Rezeptor (1)
- NMDAR (1)
- NMO-IGG (1)
- NP-hardness (1)
- NRPS (1)
- Nail unit (1)
- New Zealand (1)
- New mexico (1)
- Nothotaxa (1)
- OPUS (1)
- Oligofructoside (1)
- O–I 1 fluorescence rise (1)
- P15(INK4B) (1)
- P21 (1)
- P300 (1)
- P300-Speller (1)
- P67(PHOX) (1)
- PAR (1)
- PARM (1)
- PBPK/PBTK model (1)
- PDF set (1)
- PIK3CA mutations (1)
- POZ domain (1)
- PPAR-gamme (1)
- PRRT (1)
- Pain (1)
- Parkinsons disease (1)
- Parkinson’s disease (1)
- Pediatric (1)
- Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (1)
- Phase II trial (1)
- Phasenumwandlung (1)
- Physiologie (1)
- Porifera (1)
- Prednisolon (1)
- Prostatakrebs (1)
- Psychiatrie (1)
- QCD (1)
- QCD background (1)
- QUAC (1)
- R factor = 0.018 (1)
- R factor = 0.025 (1)
- R factor = 0.027 (1)
- R-715 (1)
- RAD51C (1)
- RNA (1)
- RNA denaturation (1)
- RNA sequencing (1)
- RNA structure (1)
- RNA synthesis (1)
- RNA-polymerase-II (1)
- Radiotherapy (1)
- Rat (1)
- Regulation of protease activity (1)
- Renal cell carcinoma (1)
- Respiration correlated imaging (1)
- Rho-GTPase Cdc42 (1)
- SCF (1)
- SER/THR kinase (1)
- SGLT1 (1)
- SIRP-alpha (1)
- SKP1 (1)
- SLAC/SLAH (1)
- SLX4 (1)
- SM Background (1)
- SM proteins (1)
- SOD1 mutations (1)
- SST (1)
- ST1797 (1)
- ST88 (1)
- STAIR (1)
- SUSY breaking scale (1)
- SVR (1)
- SacB (1)
- Sahel (1)
- Salmonella enterica (1)
- Salmonella-containing vacuole (1)
- Savanna (1)
- Savannas (1)
- Schlaganfall (1)
- Schwann cells (1)
- Scleroderma (1)
- Secondary traumatic brain damage (1)
- Sedum rupestre L. subsp. erectum ‘t Hart (1)
- Sepsis (1)
- Serengeti (1)
- Short dsRNA oligonucleotides (1)
- Somatostatin receptor (1)
- South Africa (1)
- Spectrofluorimetry (1)
- Spinal metastasis (1)
- Stereotactic (1)
- Stereotactic body radiotherapy (1)
- Stim (1)
- Strahlentherapie (1)
- Subarachnoid (1)
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (1)
- Suc1 (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- T = 173 K (1)
- T = 199 K (1)
- T cell development (1)
- T helper cell (1)
- T(H)17 cells (1)
- T-PA (1)
- T-antigen (1)
- T-cell reactivity (1)
- T1 (1)
- T3s (1)
- TGF-BETA (1)
- TIC disorder (1)
- TMS (1)
- TNF-alpha (1)
- TNF-α (1)
- TO-target interval (1)
- TOJ (1)
- Tanzania (1)
- Thrombectomy (1)
- Total nodal irradiation (1)
- Toxikologie (1)
- Trend test (1)
- Trigger System (1)
- Tuberkulose (1)
- Tumor thrombus (1)
- United States (1)
- Univted-States (1)
- Uzbekistan (1)
- VAL66MET polymorphism (1)
- Variationsrechnung (1)
- Variovorax paradoxus (1)
- WNT signaling pathway (1)
- WW (1)
- WZ production (1)
- West-Africa (1)
- XA (1)
- Yolk protein (1)
- abdominal (1)
- abdominal wall hernia (1)
- abdominal wall surgery (1)
- abiotic formation (1)
- abscisic acid (1)
- absolute configuration (1)
- accelerated atherosclerosis (1)
- acetivorans C2A (1)
- acoustic communication (1)
- acoustic startle (1)
- actin cortex (1)
- actin cytoskeleton (1)
- actinomycetes (1)
- action planning (1)
- action-effects (1)
- activated-receptor gamma (1)
- activation (1)
- activation mechanism (1)
- acute ischemic stroke (1)
- acute myeloid leukemia (1)
- acute renal failure (1)
- adaption (1)
- addiction (1)
- addicts (1)
- additional jet (1)
- adenovirus (1)
- adhesion (1)
- adipose tissue (1)
- adjuvant hormonal treatment (1)
- adolescence (1)
- adsorption (1)
- adult bee (1)
- adult drosophila (1)
- age (1)
- age-related osteoporosis (1)
- agency (1)
- aging (1)
- aging brain (1)
- agnoists (1)
- agonist (1)
- airway (1)
- akt (1)
- alagille syndrome (1)
- alias pilot trial (1)
- alignment (1)
- alkaline-phosphatase (1)
- alleles (1)
- alpha galactosidase (1)
- alpha-synuclein (1)
- alveoar echinococcosis (1)
- alveolar epithelium in vitro model, claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, claudin-5 (1)
- aminoacyl-transfer-RNA (1)
- amplitude (1)
- amygdala (1)
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1)
- anal atresia (1)
- anaplastic large cell lymphoma (1)
- anesthetics (1)
- aneurysm repair (1)
- angiography (1)
- angioplasty (1)
- angiotensin II (1)
- animal communication (1)
- animal ecology (1)
- animal model (1)
- animal models (1)
- animal-model (1)
- anion channel (1)
- annihilation (1)
- anomaly mediation (1)
- anorectal malformation (1)
- ant communities (1)
- anterior insula (1)
- anthropogenic noise (1)
- anti inflammation (1)
- anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (1)
- anti-proliferative effects (1)
- anti-protease (1)
- anti-tumor agents (1)
- antibacterial activity (1)
- antibiotic resistance (1)
- antibodies (1)
- antibody (1)
- anticipation (1)
- anticipatory mechanisms (1)
- antidepressant (1)
- antigen (1)
- antigen expression (1)
- antigen presentation (1)
- antigen-B (1)
- antimicrobial (1)
- antimicrobial activity (1)
- antioxidant (1)
- antisense RNA (1)
- antisense RNAs (1)
- anxiety like (1)
- aortic-valve (1)
- apolipoprotein E (1)
- appliances (1)
- approximation algorithm (1)
- aquaporin 3 protein (1)
- aquaporin-4 autoantibodies (1)
- aquired resistance (1)
- arabidopsi (1)
- arabidopsis (1)
- arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- arabidpsis thaliana (1)
- aral sea basin (1)
- archwires (1)
- area (1)
- arm (1)
- artery occlusion (1)
- arthritis (1)
- aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) (1)
- asbestos (1)
- asparaginase (1)
- asparagine (1)
- asparagine synthetase (1)
- aspergillosis (1)
- assessment (1)
- assisitvetechnology (1)
- assisted reproductive techniques (1)
- associative learning (1)
- astrocyte (1)
- astrocytic tumor (1)
- astroglia (1)
- astrogliosis (1)
- atherothrombosis (1)
- atomic-force microscopy (1)
- atrial fibrillation (1)
- atrial natriuretic peptide (1)
- attention (1)
- auditory discrimination (1)
- auditory masking (1)
- aureus infections (1)
- auto-calibration (1)
- autologous chondrocyte implantation (1)
- autophagy (1)
- avaliação de risco (1)
- axial skeletal defects (1)
- axonal degeneration (1)
- axonopathic changes (1)
- bZIP (1)
- bacillus calmette guerin (1)
- back pain (1)
- background (1)
- background cross section (1)
- background expectation (1)
- bacterial meningitis (1)
- bacterial persistence (1)
- bacterial signal molecule (1)
- bactericidal activity (1)
- balance (1)
- balloon distension (1)
- baroreflex mechanism (1)
- basal cell (1)
- beaver-dam eye (1)
- bee larva (1)
- behavior (1)
- behavioral addiction (1)
- benzo[a]pyrene (1)
- biflavanoids (1)
- big brown bats (1)
- bilayers (1)
- binary tanglegram (1)
- biocompatibility (1)
- bioengineering (1)
- biogenic amines (1)
- bipolar disorder (1)
- birth defects (1)
- bitter taste (1)
- blastocysts (1)
- bleomicina (1)
- bleomycin (1)
- blood biomarker (1)
- blood brain barrier (1)
- blood sampling (1)
- blood-brain-barrier (1)
- blood-stream forms (1)
- blowfly calliphora-vomitoria (1)
- bone disease (1)
- bone marrow (1)
- bone-mineral density (1)
- brain barrier (1)
- brain cancer (1)
- brain development (1)
- brain edema (1)
- brain tumours (1)
- brain-computer-interface (1)
- brain–computerinterface (1)
- brucei (1)
- burned savanna (1)
- c-myc (1)
- cEND (1)
- caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- caffeine-induced anxiety (1)
- call (1)
- calorimeter response (1)
- camp signaling pathway (1)
- cancer patients (1)
- cancer-cells (1)
- candidate gene (1)
- canine cancer therapy (1)
- canopy fogging (1)
- capsid protein (1)
- cardiac aging (1)
- cardiac arrhythmia (1)
- cardiac fibrosis (1)
- cardiac hyperthrophy (1)
- cardiac protection (1)
- cardiovascular arousal (1)
- cardiovascular disease (1)
- cardiovascular events (1)
- cardiovascular magnetic resonance (1)
- cardiovascular risk factors (1)
- care (1)
- carotid artery (1)
- case-control study (1)
- cased-control studies (1)
- catalytic (1)
- catenin (1)
- catheter tip (1)
- causal belief (1)
- causality (1)
- caveolin-1 (1)
- cavity (1)
- cavity polaritons (1)
- cell carcinoma (1)
- cell death (1)
- cell surface (1)
- cell-cycle arrest (1)
- cell-cycle regulation (1)
- cell-line (1)
- cell-penetrating peptides (1)
- centomeres (1)
- central corneal thickness (1)
- central nervous system (1)
- centromere (1)
- cephalic-vagal influences (1)
- cerebrospina (1)
- cerebrospinal fluid (1)
- cerebrospinal fluid culture (1)
- cerebrospinal-fluid (1)
- chain (1)
- chalinolobus-tuberculatus (1)
- charge misidentification (1)
- chargino --> neutralino pi (1)
- chargino decay (1)
- chargino lifetime (1)
- chargino mass (1)
- charingo mass (1)
- chemistry (1)
- chemosensory protein (1)
- chemosensory system (1)
- childhood cancer (1)
- children born (1)
- chiral boson (1)
- chlorella (1)
- chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- cholinergic neurons (1)
- choroid-plexus (1)
- chromatin (1)
- chronic kidney disease (1)
- cigarette smoking (1)
- ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) (1)
- ciliolenticular block glaucoma (1)
- circadian photoreception (1)
- circular dichroism (1)
- cis-element modules (1)
- clara cell (1)
- classifiaction (1)
- clinical diagnosis (1)
- clinical practice (1)
- clinical trial (1)
- clinical trials (1)
- clock (1)
- cluster (1)
- coa reductase inhibitors (1)
- cochlear implant (1)
- coding strategy (1)
- coexpression (1)
- coloteral cancer (1)
- commercial preparations (1)
- communication (1)
- community sample (1)
- compartmentalization (1)
- complement factor-H (1)
- complex stability (1)
- computational model (1)
- conditional promoter replacement (1)
- confinement (1)
- congenital malformations (1)
- conjugate (1)
- connector (1)
- conservation (1)
- consolidation (1)
- consortium (1)
- contact force (1)
- containing GABA(A) receptors (1)
- containing neurons (1)
- contaminants (1)
- contingent negative-variation (1)
- continuous performance-test (1)
- contralateral breast cancer (1)
- contrast (1)
- contrast-enhanced MRI (1)
- contrast-enhanced ultrasound. (1)
- conversion (1)
- cooperative-oncology-group (1)
- coordination (1)
- copy number variants (1)
- core depression (1)
- coronary artery bypass (1)
- coronary disease (1)
- coronary-heart-disease (1)
- coronene (1)
- cortex (1)
- corticotropin-releasing hormone (1)
- coupling strength (1)
- courtship displays (1)
- crantiectomy (1)
- criteria (1)
- critically ill (1)
- cropland abandonment (1)
- cross section measurement (1)
- cross section time (1)
- cross-sectional studies (1)
- crossing minimization (1)
- crosstalk (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- cubic-monoclinic martensites (1)
- cultivation (1)
- cultured hippocampal-neurons (1)
- cyanelle (1)
- cystic fibrosis (1)
- cytokine (1)
- cytokines (1)
- damage (1)
- damage cool aid (1)
- dart-poison frog (1)
- data-to-parameter ratio = 14.0. (1)
- data-to-parameter ratio = 14.6 (1)
- data-to-parameter ratio = 20.8 (1)
- data-to-parameter ratio = 22.3 (1)
- database (1)
- dead region (1)
- death (1)
- decay (1)
- decompressive surgery (1)
- deep sequencing (1)
- deep-vein thrombosis (1)
- deficit hyperactivity disorder (1)
- deficit-hyperactivity disorder (1)
- dehydrogenases (1)
- delays progression (1)
- dementia (1)
- demyelination (1)
- dendritic cells (1)
- dental casting alloys (1)
- dentate gyrus (1)
- dependent magnetosensitvity (1)
- depth (1)
- derivates (1)
- derivation (1)
- dermatite flagelada (1)
- dermatitis (1)
- descriptive epidemiology (1)
- deseases (1)
- detector track (1)
- detoxified lipooligosaccharide (1)
- developmental dyslexia (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diagnostic (1)
- diazepinomicin (1)
- differential diagnosis (1)
- diffractive dissociation (1)
- diketopiperazines (1)
- dilepton channel (1)
- dilepton invariant mass (1)
- dilepton invariant mass, (1)
- dilepton mass (1)
- diphoton invariant mass (1)
- direct pair production (1)
- discrete (1)
- disease-modifying therapies (1)
- disorder (1)
- disrupting chemicals (1)
- disruptor endócrino (1)
- dissociation process, (1)
- dogs (1)
- dopamine (1)
- dosage (1)
- double knockout mice (1)
- double-blind (1)
- doublecortine-like (1)
- drosophila embryo (1)
- drosophila melanogaster (1)
- drosophila mushroom body (1)
- drug (1)
- drug addiction (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug development (1)
- drug research and development (1)
- drug therapies (1)
- drug therapy (1)
- duchenne muscular dystrophy (1)
- dwelling bat (1)
- dyes (1)
- dynamics (1)
- dysfunction (1)
- dyspeptic symptoms (1)
- early diagnosis (1)
- eating disorders (1)
- ecosystem (1)
- electromagnetic calorimeter (1)
- electron energy deposition (1)
- electron probe microanalysis (1)
- electronic states (1)
- electroweak background (1)
- elementary mode analysis (1)
- elements (1)
- elongation (1)
- embolic stroke (1)
- emission-computed-tomography (1)
- emotional experience (1)
- encephalitis (1)
- endocrine disruptor (1)
- endogenous psychoses (1)
- endogenous shifts of attention (1)
- endothelial cell interactions (1)
- endothelial growth-factor (1)
- endotheliopathy (1)
- energy (1)
- energy conservation (1)
- energy dissipation (1)
- energy expenditure (1)
- energy scale (1)
- energy scale uncertainty (1)
- engineered measles-virus (1)
- engineering (1)
- enoxaparin (1)
- environmental phenols (1)
- environmental regulation (1)
- enzyme (1)
- enzyme replacement therapy (1)
- epicutaneous (1)
- epidemic (1)
- epidemiology (1)
- epigastric hernia (1)
- epimutation (1)
- epithelial-mesenchymal transition (1)
- epithelium (1)
- eptesicus-fuscus (1)
- escherichia coli K-12 (1)
- estrogen receptor (1)
- estrogens (1)
- eucera berlandi (1)
- eukaryotes (1)
- event rates (1)
- event selcetion cut (1)
- event shape observable (1)
- event shape variable (1)
- event-related potentials (1)
- event-relatedpotentials (1)
- evolution (1)
- exchange factor collybistin (1)
- excitons (1)
- exercise (1)
- experimental (1)
- experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1)
- experimental results (1)
- experimental stroke (1)
- experimental systematic uncertainty (1)
- exposição humana (1)
- expressed sequence tag (1)
- expression pattern (1)
- expression signature (1)
- extensiv transverse myelitis (1)
- extracellular matrix (1)
- extractives (1)
- extrapolation factor (1)
- eyes (1)
- fMRI (1)
- factor 1-alpha (1)
- factor EEF1A2 (1)
- factor H (1)
- factor prevents (1)
- failure (1)
- families (1)
- family (1)
- fear-potentiated startle (1)
- features (1)
- feeding behavior (1)
- femoral hernia (1)
- fetal liver (1)
- fibrosis progression (1)
- fiducial cross section (1)
- field gel-electrophoreresis (1)
- fine structure processing (1)
- fission yeast (1)
- fixed-parameter tractability (1)
- flagellar (1)
- flagellate dermatitis (1)
- flagellum (1)
- flavenoids (1)
- flavour changing (1)
- fluid (1)
- fluorescence detection (1)
- fluorescent protein (1)
- fluoride (1)
- follow-up (1)
- forced-choice (1)
- forest (1)
- forest disturbance (1)
- forest soils (1)
- formaldehyde (1)
- fosfomycin (1)
- fracture (1)
- fragmin (1)
- free radical scavenger (1)
- free-choice (1)
- frontotemporal dementia (1)
- frontotemporal lobar degeneration (1)
- fruit fly (1)
- functional absorption cross section of PS II (1)
- functional imaging (1)
- functional neuroanatomy (1)
- fungos shiitake (1)
- gadofluorine (1)
- gadolinium-DTPA (1)
- gait (1)
- galvanic corrosion (1)
- gamma (1)
- gamma-aminobutyric-acid (1)
- gamma-interferon (1)
- gene conversion (1)
- gene delivery (1)
- gene family targeting (1)
- geneexpression (1)
- general stress response (1)
- generalized anxiety disorder (1)
- genetic interaction (1)
- genetic loci (1)
- genetic modifiers (1)
- genetic renal disease (1)
- genetics of disease (1)
- genome-wide scan (1)
- genotyping (1)
- geometrically linear elasticity (1)
- geometrisch lineare Elastizitätstheorie (1)
- gephyrin (1)
- glaucoma surgery (1)
- glia (1)
- glioblastoma cell-lines (1)
- glioblastoma multiforme (1)
- glomerulonephritis (1)
- glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (1)
- glucokinase (1)
- glut1 (1)
- glv-1h68 (1)
- glycine (1)
- glycoprotein Ib (1)
- go/no-go task (1)
- goldmann applanation tonometer (1)
- good agreement (1)
- gradient (1)
- grading system (1)
- graft surgery (1)
- granulosus (1)
- granzyme B (1)
- gravidez (1)
- growing escherichia coli (1)
- growth (1)
- growth factor (1)
- growth rate control (1)
- growth regulator (1)
- growth-factor receptor (1)
- guttiferae (1)
- hadron hadron scattering (1)
- hadronic final state (1)
- hadronisation model (1)
- haemolymph (1)
- hardwood dust (1)
- harmonia axyridis (1)
- harmonine (1)
- head involution (1)
- health-related quality of life (1)
- hearing loss (1)
- heart (1)
- heart-rate-variability (1)
- heartbeat perception (1)
- heat shock protein Hsc-70 (1)
- heavy flavour (1)
- heavy flavour quark (1)
- heavy neutrino (1)
- helicase BRIP1 (1)
- helicity fraction (1)
- helper T cells (1)
- hemagglutinin (1)
- hemicraniectomy (1)
- hemodialysis (1)
- hemophilus influenzae (1)
- hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (1)
- heritability (1)
- hernia defect (1)
- hernia repair material (1)
- hexanucleotide repeat (1)
- hierarchy (1)
- high jet multiplicity (1)
- high-dose atorvastatin (1)
- high-resolution analysis (1)
- high-temperature NMR (1)
- higher pitch (1)
- highland malaria (1)
- highlands (1)
- hindbrain boundary (1)
- hippocampal neurogenesis (1)
- histidine kinase (1)
- homeostasis (1)
- homology modeling (1)
- honey bee (1)
- honey bees (1)
- honeybees (1)
- hormone flow modelling (1)
- hormone-related protein (1)
- host cell death (1)
- host genetics (1)
- human (1)
- human cancer diseases (1)
- human diseases (1)
- human endothelial cells (1)
- human exposure (1)
- human genetics (1)
- human jagged1 (1)
- human keratinocytes (1)
- human monocytes (1)
- human pathogens (1)
- humans (1)
- hydatid disease (1)
- hydrodynamics (1)
- hymenoptera (1)
- hyper-IL-6 (1)
- hyperekplexia (1)
- hypertension (1)
- idiotype (1)
- immortalization (1)
- immune response (1)
- immune suppression (1)
- immune-response (1)
- immunity (1)
- immunization (1)
- immunoglobulin-G (1)
- immunohistochemistry (1)
- immunology (1)
- immunosenescence (1)
- immunostaining (1)
- imperforate anus (1)
- in situ guided tissue regeneration (1)
- in vitro cell culture models (1)
- in vivo imaging (1)
- in-vitro fertilization (1)
- in-vitro propagation (1)
- in-vivo (1)
- inactivation (1)
- incisional abdominal wall hernia (1)
- incisional hernia (1)
- inclusive jet sample (1)
- individual systematic uncertainty (1)
- induction (1)
- infants born (1)
- infected bee (1)
- infection (1)
- infiltrate (1)
- inflammatory cytokines (1)
- inflammatory mechanisms (1)
- influenza (1)
- information (1)
- ingle-molecule microscopy (1)
- inguinal hernia (1)
- inhibitory synapse (1)
- inos (1)
- insect immunity (1)
- insecticides (1)
- instrument (1)
- integration (1)
- intensity-modulated radiotherapy (1)
- intent (1)
- intentional binding (1)
- interferon gamma (1)
- interferon-gamma (1)
- interleukin 6 (1)
- interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (1)
- interleukin-6-type cytokines (1)
- internal fixation (1)
- internal transcribed spacer 2 (1)
- internalization studies (1)
- intervention (1)
- intraarticular fractures (1)
- intracellular pathogen (1)
- intractable hiccup (1)
- intramolecular Michael addition (1)
- intravenous glucose tolerance test (1)
- invadopodia (1)
- invariant mass (1)
- invariant mass distribution (1)
- invariant mass resolution (1)
- investigators (1)
- iodine contrast (1)
- iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- ischaemic stroke (1)
- ischemia (1)
- ischemia-reperfusion injury (1)
- ischemic cascade (1)
- ischemic stroke (1)
- isolation requirement (1)
- isthmic oragnizer (1)
- italian population (1)
- jet axis (1)
- jet background (1)
- jet calibration (1)
- jet cross section (1)
- jet energy (1)
- jet energy measurement (1)
- jet multiplicity (1)
- jet response (1)
- jet sample (1)
- jet scale energy (1)
- judgements (1)
- kidney (1)
- kingdom (1)
- kinin receptors (1)
- knock-out mice (1)
- knockout mice (1)
- kubisch-monokliner Phasenübergang (1)
- label-free analysis (1)
- lacking (1)
- laminopathies (1)
- land (1)
- land use (1)
- large rapidity gap (1)
- larva (1)
- laser suture lysis (1)
- learning performances (1)
- legionella pneumophila (1)
- lepton flavour (1)
- leptonic final state (1)
- lesion formation (1)
- lesion size (1)
- leukemia-inhibitory factor (1)
- leukocyte adhesion (1)
- life events (1)
- life style (1)
- life-span regulation (1)
- light avoidance (1)
- lineage (1)
- linear trend analysis (1)
- lipid-lowering therapy (1)
- livingstonei (1)
- locomotor activity (1)
- locus coeruleus (1)
- logistic regression modeling (1)
- long-term reuse (1)
- long-term-memory (1)
- low molecular weight (1)
- lower limit of normal (1)
- lower reaches of Amu Darya River (1)
- macrophages (1)
- macular degeneration (1)
- maculopathy (1)
- magnetic resonsance imaging (1)
- magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy (1)
- major depression (1)
- malaria model (1)
- malaria projection (1)
- male bees (1)
- malignant MCA infarct (1)
- malignant glaucoma (1)
- malignant melanoma (1)
- malignant pleural mesothelioma (1)
- mammalian CRY1 (1)
- mammalian cells (1)
- mammographic density (1)
- marathon running (1)
- marine sponge (1)
- markers (1)
- masked priming (1)
- mass spectometry (1)
- mast cells (1)
- matrix metalloproteinase (1)
- matrix metalloproteinases (1)
- maxillary sinus (1)
- mean σ(C–C) = 0.003 Å (1)
- mean σ(C–C) = 0.004 Å (1)
- measles virus (1)
- mechanism (1)
- mechanismofaction (1)
- mediated apoptosis (1)
- medicine (1)
- megavoltage computed-tomography (1)
- melatonin (1)
- memory (1)
- memory suppression (1)
- meningococcal disease (1)
- mesenchymal cells (1)
- mesenchymal tissues (1)
- mesh augmentation (1)
- mesh repair (1)
- metabolic flux (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metacestode vesicles (1)
- metagenomics (1)
- metallurgical characterization (1)
- methane emissions (1)
- methanol methyltransferase isozymes (1)
- methanosarcina mazei GO1 (1)
- methicillin (1)
- methyl-bromide (1)
- methylation (1)
- methylene blue (1)
- methylphenidate (1)
- miR-22 (1)
- miRNA (1)
- mices (1)
- microRNAs (1)
- microangiopathy (1)
- microarrays (1)
- microdeletion (1)
- microdomains (1)
- microscopy (1)
- microvascular density (1)
- microvascular endothelial cells (1)
- microvascular endothelial-cells (1)
- microvessel permeability (1)
- mimecan (1)
- mimicry (1)
- minimal inhibitory concentration (1)
- mirrorneuronsystem (1)
- mismatch negativity mmn (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitochondrial dysfunction (1)
- modelo PBPK/PBTK (1)
- models (1)
- modules (1)
- molecular epidemiology (1)
- molecular genetics (1)
- molecular systematics (1)
- molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis (1)
- momentum scale (1)
- monoamine transporters (1)
- monocycline (1)
- monolayer graphite (1)
- mononuclear phagocytes (1)
- monozygotic twins (1)
- morphogenetic protein (1)
- moth manduca sexta (1)
- motility (1)
- motoneurons (1)
- motor function (1)
- motor preparation (1)
- motor-neuron protein (1)
- mouse (1)
- movement ecology (1)
- movements (1)
- mulitple-sclerosis patients (1)
- multicenter (1)
- multicomponent Ugi-type reaction (1)
- multifactorial (1)
- multiflora (1)
- multijet event (1)
- multilocularis (1)
- multiparticle collision dynamics (1)
- multiple myeloma (1)
- multiple system atrophy (1)
- multiple-sclerosis (1)
- muon decay channel (1)
- muon reconstruction efficiency (1)
- muon spectrometer (1)
- mushroom bodies (1)
- music (1)
- mutant mice (1)
- myasthenia gravis (1)
- mycobacterium-tuberculosis (1)
- myelin (1)
- myelination (1)
- myoelectric activity (1)
- myosin-VI (1)
- nanographenes (1)
- nasal cancer (1)
- nasal lavage (1)
- nasal snuff (1)
- nasal spray (1)
- nasopharyngeal carcinoma (1)
- nasopharyngeal colonization (1)
- natural history (1)
- necrosis-factor-alpha (1)
- neisseria gonorrhoeae (1)
- neisseria meningitidis (1)
- neobellieria bullata (1)
- neonates (1)
- nervour system (1)
- nervous system (1)
- nervous-system (1)
- netcar-feeding bats (1)
- neural apoptosis (1)
- neural crest (1)
- neurite outgrowth (1)
- neurobehavioural deficits (1)
- neuroinflammation (1)
- neurons form (1)
- neurorepair (1)
- neuroscience (1)
- neurothrophic factor (1)
- neurovirulence (1)
- neutral Higgs boson (1)
- neutral currents (1)
- neutral loss (1)
- neutrophils (1)
- nickel (1)
- nickel release (1)
- nicotine addiction (1)
- nicotinic acetylcholine-receptors (1)
- nitric oxide synthase (1)
- nitricoxidesynthase (1)
- nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (1)
- noncooperative binding (1)
- noninvasive detection (1)
- nonribosomal peptide synthetase (1)
- noradrenalin (1)
- norepinephrine (1)
- novelty detection (1)
- nuclear envelope (1)
- nuclear lamina (1)
- nuclear organization (1)
- nucleosome (1)
- nucleotide exchange (1)
- nucleotide excision-repair (1)
- nucleus (1)
- nude mice (1)
- nutrient uptake (1)
- nutrients (1)
- nyctalus noctula (1)
- obstructive pulmonary disease (1)
- occupational exposures (1)
- oncolytic virus (1)
- onset (1)
- open reduction (1)
- ophrys heldreichii (1)
- optical coherence tomography (1)
- organic solvents (1)
- organization (1)
- organogenesis (1)
- organometallic complexes (1)
- orthodontic brackets (1)
- oscillator (1)
- osteoblast differentiation (1)
- osteochondral allografts (1)
- osteogenesis imperfecta (1)
- osteoglycin (1)
- osteoporosis (1)
- otitis media (1)
- outer membrane protein (1)
- outer-membrane proteins (1)
- pair invariant mass (1)
- pancreatic cancer (1)
- panic disorder (1)
- panton-valentine leukocidin (1)
- paradigm (1)
- paranasal sinuses (1)
- parastomal hernia (1)
- parathyroid-hormone (1)
- parent-child agreement (1)
- parkinson disease (1)
- pars plana vitrectomy (1)
- partial purification (1)
- particle level jet (1)
- partitioning analysis RPA (1)
- parton shower (1)
- pathogenicity island 2 (1)
- pathophysiology (1)
- pathways (1)
- pea (1)
- pediatric lymphoma (1)
- people (1)
- peptide (1)
- peptides (1)
- percutaneous fixation (1)
- performance liquid-chromatography (1)
- perfusion (1)
- period variability (1)
- persistent ADHD (1)
- pesticides (1)
- pet (1)
- pet dogs (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- phagosomalescape (1)
- phase variation (1)
- photoemission (1)
- photoinhibition (1)
- photon energy scale (1)
- photoprotection (1)
- photosystem II (1)
- phylogenetic tree (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- physical activity (1)
- pig or swine (1)
- pioglitazone (1)
- pitch (1)
- placebo-controlled (1)
- placebo-controlled trial (1)
- planning (1)
- plant-microbe interaction (1)
- plant–microbe interaction (1)
- plasma cells (1)
- plasmodium falciparum (1)
- platelet adhesion (1)
- platelets (1)
- plexus epithelial-cells (1)
- pluripotent (1)
- pollination (1)
- polyarcylamide gels (1)
- polymavirus (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- polymorphisms (1)
- polyomavirus (1)
- population (1)
- population biology (1)
- positron-emission-tomography (1)
- post-transcriptionalregulation (1)
- posttraumatic-stress-disorder (1)
- pp collision (1)
- pre-messenger RNA (1)
- predation risk (1)
- prediction (1)
- predictivetextentry (1)
- predictors (1)
- pregnancy (1)
- prepulse inhibition (1)
- preterm (1)
- preterm infants (1)
- primary prevention (1)
- primary ventral hernia (1)
- primary-care physicians (1)
- probes (1)
- processing deficits (1)
- producation cross section (1)
- production cross section (1)
- progenitor cells (1)
- prognostic index (1)
- prognostic relevance (1)
- prognostic value (1)
- proliferation (1)
- promoter (1)
- promoter methylation (1)
- propagation (1)
- prophylaxis (1)
- propulsion (1)
- prostate (1)
- prostate cancer (1)
- proteasome (1)
- protein argentine methyltranserase (1)
- protein docking (1)
- protein familiy (1)
- protein subunit (1)
- protein synthesis (1)
- protein-interaction networks (1)
- proteins (1)
- proteinuria (1)
- proteolipid protein gene (1)
- proton (1)
- pseudomas-syringae (1)
- psoas muscle (1)
- psychopathology (1)
- psychosis (1)
- pulmonary embolism (1)
- pulmonary gas-exchange (1)
- pyrococcus furiosus (1)
- pythia parton shower (1)
- quali-chick chimeras (1)
- quality-of-life (1)
- quantitative trait locus (1)
- quantized vortices (1)
- radiation oncology (1)
- radiofrequency ablation (1)
- radiotherapy (1)
- rain forest (1)
- raman spectroscopy (1)
- randomized-trial (1)
- rapidity interval (1)
- rare (1)
- rare decays (1)
- rat (1)
- rat calyx (1)
- rat heart (1)
- rat spinal-cord (1)
- reaction centre (1)
- reactivity (1)
- reading disability (1)
- real-time glucose monitoring (1)
- receptor clustering (1)
- receptor-beta subunits (1)
- receptors (1)
- recolonization (1)
- recombination hotspot (1)
- reconstructed mass spectrum (1)
- reconstruction (1)
- recurrence (1)
- recurrent abdominal wall hernia (1)
- regenerative medicine (1)
- region (1)
- registries (1)
- registry (1)
- regulation (1)
- regulatory RNA (1)
- regulatory T cell (1)
- regulatory T cells (1)
- relative abundance (1)
- releasable suture (1)
- relevance (1)
- renal disease (1)
- renal perfusion (1)
- renewal (1)
- replicating adenovirus (1)
- replicative senescence (1)
- reporter gene (1)
- reproductive medicine (1)
- rescue (1)
- respiratory-distress-syndrome (1)
- response inhibition (1)
- response regulator (1)
- resting tremor (1)
- restricition enzymes (1)
- resummation (1)
- resurgence (1)
- retinal ganglion cells (1)
- retinocochleocerebral (1)
- retroviral infection (1)
- reward (1)
- rheumatoid (1)
- rhizobacteria (1)
- rhythm (1)
- ribonuclease-P (1)
- ribonucleases (1)
- ribosomal RNA (1)
- richtersius coronifer (1)
- risk (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- risk factor (1)
- risk genes (1)
- room temperature (1)
- root (1)
- rotational diffusion (1)
- rs112587690 (1)
- rs12628 (1)
- rules (1)
- rural domain (1)
- sRNA (1)
- safety (1)
- salmonella enterica (1)
- salt lakes (1)
- satellite rainfall products (1)
- sationary phase (1)
- satisfiability problems (1)
- savanna woodland (1)
- scaffolding protein gephyryrin (1)
- scaffolds (1)
- scattering (1)
- scattering amplitudes (1)
- scenarios (1)
- schizosaccaromyces-pombe (1)
- scid mice (1)
- scintigraphy (1)
- secondary cancer (1)
- secondary prevention (1)
- secondary structure (1)
- seed protein concentration (1)
- segmental collapse (1)
- selective attention (1)
- self-rating (1)
- semi-convex hulls (1)
- semi-konvexe Hüllen (1)
- semiconductor microavity (1)
- semiconductors (1)
- senescence (1)
- sensitization (1)
- sensor (1)
- sepsis (1)
- sequence (1)
- sequence alignment (1)
- sequence imaging protocol (1)
- sequential standard model (1)
- sequestration (1)
- serogroup B (1)
- serotonin (1)
- serotonin transporter gene (1)
- set (1)
- severe renal insufficiency (1)
- sexual deception (1)
- sglt1 (1)
- sheep model (1)
- shiitake dermatitis (1)
- shiitake mushrooms (1)
- shiitake-dermatite (1)
- shock (1)
- shock sigma factor (1)
- signal peptides (1)
- signal template (1)
- signals (1)
- simulaed event sample (1)
- simulated event sample (1)
- simulation (1)
- sinonasal cancer (1)
- size (1)
- skeletal overexpression (1)
- skin (1)
- slow cortical potentials (1)
- small RNA (1)
- small noncoding RNAs (1)
- small nucleolar RNAs (1)
- small vessel disease (1)
- smoking (1)
- smoking habits (1)
- smoking-cessation (1)
- social calls (1)
- sodium (1)
- soil macrofauna (1)
- soils/sediments (1)
- solid-phase extraction (1)
- solvent (1)
- somatic mosaicism (1)
- sonic hedghog (1)
- sorbents (1)
- soybean (1)
- sparticle cascade decay (1)
- sparticle pair production (1)
- spatial attention (1)
- spatial cueing (1)
- species composition (1)
- species richness (1)
- species richness estimation (1)
- specification (1)
- spectrofluorimetry (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- spectrum disorders (1)
- spinal-cord (1)
- spiroplasma (1)
- splicing factor (1)
- spontaneous mouse mutants (1)
- sporadic Parkinson's disease (1)
- squamous cell (1)
- stability (1)
- stage pT1 (1)
- standard heparin (1)
- states (1)
- stationary phase (1)
- steady state (1)
- stent (1)
- still-face (1)
- stocks (1)
- strain (1)
- strain MC58 (1)
- stranded DNAs (1)
- strategies (1)
- strategy (1)
- streptozotocin (1)
- stress perfusion (1)
- stroke therapy (1)
- stromal cells (1)
- subacute sclerosing-panencephalitis (1)
- subpopulation (1)
- substantia nigra (1)
- subunit (1)
- summer rainfall (1)
- superoxide-dismutase (1)
- superresolution (1)
- supersymmetric standard model (1)
- supersymmetry (1)
- supersymmetry phenomenology (1)
- surface analysis (1)
- surfactant (1)
- surfactant protein-A (1)
- surrogate endpoints (1)
- survivin (1)
- survivin T-cell reactivity (1)
- survivors (1)
- susceptibility (1)
- susceptibility loci (1)
- swiss model (1)
- symmetry breaking (1)
- symptoms (1)
- synapse formation (1)
- synaptic inhibition (1)
- synechocystis (1)
- synthesis (1)
- synthetic biology (1)
- synthetic surfactant (1)
- systematic effect (1)
- systems (1)
- tPA (1)
- tandem mass-spectrometry (1)
- tardigrada (1)
- target molecule (1)
- task force (1)
- technology (1)
- teleconnection (1)
- temperature (1)
- temperatures (1)
- temporal order judgments (1)
- temporal-lobe epilepsy (1)
- tergite (1)
- teriparatide (1)
- term memory (1)
- territory infaction (1)
- think/no-think paradigm (1)
- thymus (1)
- tight junctions (1)
- time (1)
- time series (1)
- tissue engineering (1)
- tissue microarray (1)
- tissue-plasminogen activator (1)
- titanium (1)
- to-disc ratio (1)
- top event dilepton invariant mass (1)
- top physics (1)
- top quark (1)
- top quark contribution (1)
- top quark masse (1)
- topology (1)
- total pancreatectomy (1)
- total systematic uncertainty (1)
- toxicity (1)
- toxicocinética (1)
- toxicokinetics (1)
- track data analysis (1)
- track momentum (1)
- track multipilicty (1)
- tracking (1)
- traffic noise (1)
- transcription activation (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transcription factor MIZ-1 (1)
- transcription factors (1)
- transcription-3 (STAT3) (1)
- transcriptional regulator (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transcriptomeanalysis (1)
- transcutaneous (1)
- transduction (1)
- transgenic mouse model (1)
- transient ischemic attack (1)
- transistors (1)
- transitional cell carcinoma (1)
- translation (1)
- translational initiation (1)
- translational research (1)
- translocation (1)
- transverse momentum momentum spectrum (1)
- transverse momentum vector (1)
- transverse plane (1)
- tremor (1)
- trinervitermes (1)
- tropical North-Africa (1)
- true diversity (1)
- trypanosome lytic factor (1)
- tryptophan (1)
- tube formation (1)
- tuberculous meningitis (1)
- tumor microenvironment (1)
- tumor necrosis factor (1)
- tumor specific antigen (1)
- tumor subtypes (1)
- tumor suppressor (1)
- tumor-draining lymph node (1)
- tumor-necrosis-factor (1)
- typification (1)
- tyrosine kinase (1)
- tyrosine phosphorylation (1)
- ultrasoft pseudopotentials (1)
- ultrastructure (1)
- umbilical hernia (1)
- unconscious processing (1)
- unconverted photon (1)
- underlying event tune (1)
- unfractionated heparin (1)
- univentricular heart (1)
- unpaired median neurons (1)
- up regulation (1)
- upside-down faces (1)
- urothelial bladder carcinoma (1)
- user-centered (1)
- utilization distributions (1)
- vaccination (1)
- vaccine (1)
- vaccines (1)
- vaccinia virus (1)
- validation region (1)
- validity (1)
- variant genotypes (1)
- vascular dementia (1)
- vasculopathy (1)
- ventilation (1)
- ventral hernia (1)
- ventral hernia model (1)
- ventricular tachycardia (1)
- vibrio cholerae (1)
- vicinal surfaces (1)
- viral therapy (1)
- virotherapy (1)
- virus-induced encephalitis (1)
- visceral leishmaniasis (1)
- viscosity (1)
- visual-evoked potentials (1)
- vitamin C (1)
- vitamin-D-receptor (1)
- vitellogenin (1)
- vivo (1)
- voltage dependent (1)
- volume determination (1)
- von Willebrand factor (1)
- voxel-based morphometry (1)
- wR factor = 0.038 (1)
- wR factor = 0.052 (1)
- waking states (1)
- walking (1)
- water channels (1)
- water load test (1)
- water stress (1)
- well (1)
- whole-brain radiotherapy (1)
- wires (1)
- women (1)
- wood dust (1)
- work bee (1)
- worker bee larva (1)
- young work bee (1)
- β-APP (1)
Institute
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (51)
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie (38)
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (21)
- Institut für Psychologie (20)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (18)
- Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie (17)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I (13)
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie (12)
- Kinderklinik und Poliklinik (10)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie (10)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
Objectives: To assess the subjective and objective performance of the new fine structure processing strategy (FSP) compared to the previous generation coding strategies CIS+ and HDCIS. Methods: Forty-six adults with a minimum of 6 months of cochlear implant experience were included. CIS+, HDCIS and FSP were compared in speech perception tests in noise, pitch scaling and questionnaires. The randomized tests were performed acutely (interval 1) and again after 3 months of FSP experience (interval 3). The subjective evaluation included questionnaire 1 at intervals 1 and 3, and questionnaire 2 at interval 2, 1 month after interval 1. Results: Comparison between FSP and CIS+ showed that FSP performed at least as well as CIS+ in all speech perception tests, and outperformed CIS+ in vowel and monosyllabic word discrimination. Comparison between FSP and HDCIS showed that both performed equally well in all speech perception tests. Pitch scaling showed that FSP performed at least as well as HDCIS. With FSP, sound quality was at least as good and often better than with HDCIS. Conclusions: Results indicate that FSP performs better than CIS+ in vowel and monosyllabic word understanding. Subjective evaluation demonstrates strong user preferences for FSP when listening to speech and music.
Primary prevention strategies, such as vaccinations at the age extremes, in neonates and elderly individuals, demonstrate a challenge to health professionals and public health specialists. The aspects of the differentiation and maturation of the adaptive immune system, the functional implications of immunological immaturity or immunosenescence and its impact on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy will be highlighted in this review. Several approaches have been undertaken to promote Th1 responses in neonates and to enhance immune functions in elderly, such as conjugation to carrier proteins, addition of adjuvants, concomitant vaccination with other vaccines, change in antigen concentrations or dose intervals or use of different administration routes. Also, early protection by maternal vaccination seems to be beneficial in neonates. However, it also appears necessary to think of other end points than antibody concentrations to assess vaccine efficacy in neonates or elderly, as also the cellular immune response may be impaired by the mechanisms of immaturity, underlying health conditions, immunosuppressive treatments or immunosenescence. Thus, lifespan vaccine programs should be implemented to all individuals on a population level not only to improve herd protection and to maintain protective antibody levels and immune memory, but also to cover all age groups, to protect unvaccinated elderly persons and to provide indirect protection for neonates and small infants.
Elimination of pathogenic autoantibodies by immunoadsorption (IA) has been described as an effective adjuvant treatment in severe bullous autoimmune diseases, especially in pemphigus. There is much less experience in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid (BP). BP was diagnosed in a 62-year-old Caucasian woman presenting a pruritic rash with multiple tense blisters. Standard treatments with topical and oral corticosteroids, steroid-sparing agents including dapsone, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and intravenous immunoglobulins were ineffective or had to be discontinued due to adverse events. An immediate clinical response could be achieved by two treatment cycles of adjuvant protein A immunoadsorption (PA-IA) in addition to continued treatment with MMF (2 g/day) and prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day). Tolerance was excellent. Clinical improvement remained stable after discontinuation of IA and went along with sustained reduction of circulating autoantibodies. Our data demonstrate that PA-IA might be a safe and effective adjuvant treatment in severe and recalcitrant BP.
Background: Bowen’s disease (BD) of the nail unit is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of high-risk HPV infection, gender, age and digital distribution in this condition.
Methods: Biopsy specimens of 3 consecutive cases with periungual BD were investigated for the presence of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, 74 cases of ungual BD conducted with HPV genotyping as reported in the literature were reviewed.
Results: PCR of biopsy specimens revealed in 2 cases infection with HPV-16 and in 1 case with HPV-73. Additionally, in 1 HPV-16-positive case HPV-31/33 was detected by in situ hybridization. In line, review of the literature demonstrated a clear association of HPV-positive BD with high-risk HPV types. Interestingly, age at diagnosis was significantly lower in women. Whereas in both genders the second to fourth fingers on both hands were commonly diseased, only in men the thumbs were also prominently affected.
Conclusions: Infection with high-risk HPV types is common in BD of the nail unit suggesting the aetiological cause. Therefore, patients and partners should be closely followed up for digital and genital HPV-associated lesions.
The volatile anesthetic desflurane (DES) effectively reduces cardiac infarct size following experimental ischemia/reperfusion injury in the mouse heart. We hypothesized that endogenous estrogens play a role as mediators of desflurane-induced preconditioning against myocardial infarction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that desflurane effects local estrogen synthesis by modulating enzyme aromatase expression and activity in the mouse heart. Aromatase metabolizes testosterone to 17b- estradiol (E2) and thereby significantly contributes to local estrogen synthesis. We tested aromatase effects in acute myocardial infarction model in male mice. The animals were randomized and subjected to four groups which were pre-treated with the selective aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (A group) and DES alone (DES group) or in combination (A+DES group) for 15 minutes prior to surgical intervention whereas the control group received 0.9% NaCl (CON group). All animals were subjected to 45 minutes ischemia following 180 minutes reperfusion. Anastrozole blocked DES induced preconditioning and increased infarct size compared to DES alone (37.94615.5% vs. 17.163.62%) without affecting area at risk and systemic hemodynamic parameters following ischemia/reperfusion. Protein localization studies revealed that aromatase was abundant in the murine cardiovascular system with the highest expression levels in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Desflurane application at pharmacological concentrations efficiently upregulated aromatase expression in vivo and in vitro. We conclude that desflurane efficiently regulates aromatase expression and activity which might lead to increased local estrogen synthesis and thus preserve cellular integrity and reduce cardiac damage in an acute myocardial infarction model.
Background
We aimed to accurately estimate the frequency of a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 that has been associated with a large proportion of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
Methods
We screened 4448 patients diagnosed with ALS (El Escorial criteria) and 1425 patients with FTD (Lund-Manchester criteria) from 17 regions worldwide for the GGGGCC hexanucleotide expansion using a repeat-primed PCR assay. We assessed familial disease status on the basis of self-reported family history of similar neurodegenerative diseases at the time of sample collection. We compared haplotype data for 262 patients carrying the expansion with the known Finnish founder risk haplotype across the chromosomal locus. We calculated age-related penetrance using the Kaplan-Meier method with data for 603 individuals with the expansion.
Findings
In patients with sporadic ALS, we identified the repeat expansion in 236 (7·0%) of 3377 white individuals from the USA, Europe, and Australia, two (4·1%) of 49 black individuals from the USA, and six (8·3%) of 72 Hispanic individuals from the USA. The mutation was present in 217 (39·3%) of 552 white individuals with familial ALS from Europe and the USA. 59 (6·0%) of 981 white Europeans with sporadic FTD had the mutation, as did 99 (24·8%) of 400 white Europeans with familial FTD. Data for other ethnic groups were sparse, but we identified one Asian patient with familial ALS (from 20 assessed) and two with familial FTD (from three assessed) who carried the mutation. The mutation was not carried by the three Native Americans or 360 patients from Asia or the Pacific Islands with sporadic ALS who were tested, or by 41 Asian patients with sporadic FTD. All patients with the repeat expansion had (partly or fully) the founder haplotype, suggesting a one-off expansion occurring about 1500 years ago. The pathogenic expansion was non-penetrant in individuals younger than 35 years, 50% penetrant by 58 years, and almost fully penetrant by 80 years.
Interpretation
A common Mendelian genetic lesion in C9orf72 is implicated in many cases of sporadic and familial ALS and FTD. Testing for this pathogenic expansion should be considered in the management and genetic counselling of patients with these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.
Local axonal function of STAT3 rescues axon degeneration in the pmn model of motoneuron disease
(2012)
Axonal maintenance, plasticity, and regeneration are influenced by signals from neighboring cells, in particular Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system. Schwann cells produce neurotrophic factors, but the mechanisms by which ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and other neurotrophic molecules modify the axonal cytoskeleton are not well understood. In this paper, we show that activated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), an intracellular mediator of the effects of CNTF and other neurotrophic cytokines, acts locally in axons of motoneurons to modify the tubulin cytoskeleton. Specifically, we show that activated STAT3 interacted with stathmin and inhibited its microtubule-destabilizing activity. Thus, ectopic CNTF-mediated activation of STAT3 restored axon elongation and maintenance in motoneurons from progressive motor neuronopathy mutant mice, a mouse model of motoneuron disease. This mechanism could also be relevant for other neurodegenerative diseases and provide a target for new therapies for axonal degeneration.
Background
Empirical studies investigating the prevalence of mental disorders and psychological distress in cancer patients have gained increasing importance during recent years, particularly with the objective to develop and implement psychosocial interventions within the cancer care system. Primary purpose of this epidemiological cross-sectional multi-center study is to detect the 4-week-, 12-month-, and lifetime prevalence rates of comorbid mental disorders and to further assess psychological distress and psychosocial support needs in cancer patients across all major tumor entities within the in- and outpatient oncological health care and rehabilitation settings in Germany.
Methods/Design
In this multicenter, epidemiological cross-sectional study, cancer patients across all major tumor entities will be enrolled from acute care hospitals, outpatient cancer care facilities, and rehabilitation centers in five major study centers in Germany: Freiburg, Hamburg, Heidelberg, Leipzig and Würzburg. A proportional stratified random sample based on the nationwide incidence of all cancer diagnoses in Germany is used. Patients are consecutively recruited in all centers. On the basis of a depression screener (PHQ-9) 50% of the participants that score below the cutoff point of 9 and all patients scoring above are assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Oncology (CIDI-O). In addition, all patients complete validated questionnaires measuring emotional distress, information and psychosocial support needs as well as quality of life.
Discussion
Epidemiological data on the prevalence of mental disorders and distress provide detailed and valid information for the estimation of the demands for the type and extent of psychosocial support interventions. The data will provide information about specific demographic, functional, cancer- and treatment-related risk factors for mental comorbidity and psychosocial distress, specific supportive care needs and use of psychosocial support offers.
Background
Oncolytic viruses, including vaccinia virus (VACV), are a promising alternative to classical mono-cancer treatment methods such as surgery, chemo- or radiotherapy. However, combined therapeutic modalities may be more effective than mono-therapies. In this study, we enhanced the effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9)-mediated degradation of proteins of the tumoral extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to increased viral distribution within the tumors.
Methods
For this study, the oncolytic vaccinia virus GLV-1h255, containing the mmp-9 gene, was constructed and used to treat PC-3 tumor-bearing mice, achieving an intra-tumoral over-expression of MMP-9. The intra-tumoral MMP-9 content was quantified by immunohistochemistry in tumor sections. Therapeutic efficacy of GLV-1h255 was evaluated by monitoring tumor growth kinetics and intra-tumoral virus titers. Microenvironmental changes mediated by the intra-tumoral MMP-9 over-expression were investigated by microscopic quantification of the collagen IV content, the blood vessel density (BVD) and the analysis of lymph node metastasis formation.
Results
GLV-1h255-treatment of PC-3 tumors led to a significant over-expression of intra-tumoral MMP-9, accompanied by a marked decrease in collagen IV content in infected tumor areas, when compared to GLV-1h68-infected tumor areas. This led to considerably elevated virus titers in GLV-1h255 infected tumors, and to enhanced tumor regression. The analysis of the BVD, as well as the lumbar and renal lymph node volumes, revealed lower BVD and significantly smaller lymph nodes in both GLV-1h68- and GLV-1h255- injected mice compared to those injected with PBS, indicating that MMP-9 over-expression does not alter the metastasis-reducing effect of oncolytic VACV.
Conclusions
Taken together, these results indicate that a GLV-1h255-mediated intra-tumoral over-expression of MMP-9 leads to a degradation of collagen IV, facilitating intra-tumoral viral dissemination, and resulting in accelerated tumor regression. We propose that approaches which enhance the oncolytic effect by increasing the intra-tumoral viral load, may be an effective way to improve therapeutic outcome.
Electrophysiological analyses conducted about 25 years ago detected two types of anion channels in the plasma membrane of guard cells. One type of channel responds slowly to changes in membrane voltage while the other responds quickly. Consequently, they were named SLAC, for SLow Anion Channel, and QUAC, for QUick Anion Channel. Recently, genes SLAC1 and QUAC1/ALMT12, underlying the two different anion current components, could be identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of the gene products in Xenopus oocytes confirmed the quick and slow current kinetics. In this study we provide an overview on our current knowledge on slow and quick anion channels in plants and analyze the molecular evolution of ALMT/QUAC-like and SLAC-like channels. We discovered fingerprints that allow screening databases for these channel types and were able to identify 192 (177 non-redundant) SLAC-like and 422 (402 non-redundant) ALMT/QUAC-like proteins in the fully sequenced genomes of 32 plant species. Phylogenetic analyses provided new insights into the molecular evolution of these channel types. We also combined sequence alignment and clustering with predictions of protein features, leading to the identification of known conserved phosphorylation sites in SLAC1-like channels along with potential sites that have not been yet experimentally confirmed. Using a similar strategy to analyze the hydropathicity of ALMT/QUAC-like channels, we propose a modified topology with additional transmembrane regions that integrates structure and function of these membrane proteins. Our results suggest that cross-referencing phylogenetic analyses with position-specific protein properties and functional data could be a very powerful tool for genome research approaches in general.
Background: Diabetes is a risk factor for (micro) vascular damage of the brain, too. Therefore cognitive performance after coronary artery bypass grafting may be hypothesized worse in diabetics. To avoid observational errors a reliable tool for testing attentional performance was used. We evaluated whether diabetes mellitus disposes to distinct cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Three aspects in attentional performance were prospectively tested with three different tests (alertness: composed of un-cued and cued reaction, divided attention, and selective attention) by a computerized tool one day before and seven days after CABG in a highly selected cohort of 30 males, 10 of whom had diabetes. Statistical comparisons were done with analysis of variance for repeated measurements and Fisher´s LSD. Results: Prior to CABG there was no statistically meaningful difference between diabetics and non-diabetics. Postoperatively, diabetic patients performed significantly worse than non-diabetics in tests for un-cued (p=0.01) and cued alertness (p=0.03). Test performance in divided attention was worse after CABG but independent of diabetes status. Selective attention was neither affected by diabetes status nor by CABG itself. Conclusions: Diabetes may have an impact on cognitive performance after CABG. More severe deficits in alertness may point to underlying microvascular disease.
We examined whether movement costs as defined by movement magnitude have an impact on distance perception in near space. In Experiment 1, participants were given a numerical cue regarding the amplitude of a hand movement to be carried out. Before the movement execution, the length of a visual distance had to be judged. These visual distances were judged to be larger, the larger the amplitude of the concurrently prepared hand movement was. In Experiment 2, in which numerical cues were merely memorized without concurrent movement planning, this general increase of distance with cue size was not observed. The results of these experiments indicate that visual perception of near space is specifically affected by the costs of planned hand movements.
Background: In higher plants, a diverse array of developmental and growth-related processes is regulated by the plant hormone auxin. Recent publications have proposed that besides the well-characterized Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) that bind Auxin Response Elements (AuxREs), also members of the bZIP- and MYB-transcription factor (TF) families participate in transcriptional control of auxin-regulated genes via bZIP Response Elements (ZREs) or Myb Response Elements (MREs), respectively. Results: Applying a novel bioinformatic algorithm, we demonstrate on a genome-wide scale that singular motifs or composite modules of AuxREs, ZREs, MREs but also of MYC2 related elements are significantly enriched in promoters of auxin-inducible genes. Despite considerable, species-specific differences in the genome structure in terms of the GC content, this enrichment is generally conserved in dicot (Arabidopsis thaliana) and monocot (Oryza sativa) model plants. Moreover, an enrichment of defined composite modules has been observed in selected auxin-related gene families. Consistently, a bipartite module, which encompasses a bZIP-associated G-box Related Element (GRE) and an AuxRE motif, has been found to be highly enriched. Making use of transient reporter studies in protoplasts, these findings were experimentally confirmed, demonstrating that GREs functionally interact with AuxREs in regulating auxin-mediated transcription. Conclusions: Using genome-wide bioinformatic analyses, evolutionary conserved motifs have been defined which potentially function as AuxRE-dependent coupling elements to establish auxin-specific expression patterns. Based on these findings, experimental approaches can be designed to broaden our understanding of combinatorial, auxin-controlled gene regulation.
Background: Ascorbic acid demonstrates a cytotoxic effect by generating hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in oxidative cell stress. A panel of eleven human cancer cell lines, glioblastoma and carcinoma, were exposed to serial dilutions of ascorbic acid (5-100 mmol/L). The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of catalase, an important hydrogen peroxide-detoxifying enzyme, on the resistance of cancer cells to ascorbic acid mediated oxidative stress. Methods: Effective concentration (EC50) values, which indicate the concentration of ascorbic acid that reduced the number of viable cells by 50%, were detected with the crystal violet assay. The level of intracellular catalase protein and enzyme activity was determined. Expression of catalase was silenced by catalase-specific short hairpin RNA (sh-RNA) in BT-20 breast carcinoma cells. Oxidative cell stress induced apoptosis was measured by a caspase luminescent assay. Results: The tested human cancer cell lines demonstrated obvious differences in their resistance to ascorbic acid mediated oxidative cell stress. Forty-five percent of the cell lines had an EC50>20 mmol/L and fifty-five percent had an EC50<20 mmol/L. With an EC50 of 2.6–5.5 mmol/L, glioblastoma cells were the most susceptible cancer cell lines analysed in this study. A correlation between catalase activity and the susceptibility to ascorbic acid was observed. To study the possible protective role of catalase on the resistance of cancer cells to oxidative cell stress, the expression of catalase in the breast carcinoma cell line BT-20, which cells were highly resistant to the exposure to ascorbic acid (EC50: 94,9 mmol/L), was silenced with specific sh-RNA. The effect was that catalase-silenced BT-20 cells (BT-20 KD-CAT) became more susceptible to high concentrations of ascorbic acid (50 and 100 mmol/L). Conclusions: Fifty-five percent of the human cancer cell lines tested were unable to protect themselves against oxidative stress mediated by ascorbic acid induced hydrogen peroxide production. The antioxidative enzyme catalase is important to protect cancer cells against cytotoxic hydrogen peroxide. Silenced catalase expression increased the susceptibility of the formerly resistant cancer cell line BT-20 to oxidative stress.
Measuring and estimating biodiversity patterns is a fundamental task of the scientist working to support conservation and informmanagement decisions.Most biodiversity studies in temperate regions were often carried out over a very short period of time (e.g., a single season) and it is often—at least tacitly—assumed that these short-termfindings are representative of long-termgeneral patterns.However, should the studied biodiversity pattern in fact contain significant temporal dynamics, perhaps leading to contradictory conclusions. Here, we studied the seasonal diversity dynamics of arboreal spider communities dwelling in 216 European beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) to assess the spider community composition in the following seasons: two cold seasons (I:November 2005–January 2006; II: February–April) and two warm seasons (III: May–July; IV: August–October). We show that the usually measured diversity of the warmseason community (IV: 58 estimated species) alone did not deliver a reliable image of the overall diversity present in these trees, and therefore, we recommend it should not be used for sampling protocols aimed at providing a full picture of a forest’s biodiversity in the temperate zones. In particular, when the additional samplings of other seasons (I, II, III) were included, the estimated species richness nearly doubled (108). Community I possessed the lowest diversity and evenness due to the harsh winter conditions: this community was comprised of one dominant species together with several species low in abundance. Similarity was lowest (38.6%) between seasonal communities I and III, indicating a significant species turnover due to recolonization, so that community III had the highest diversity. Finally, using nonparametric estimators, we found that further sampling in late winter (February–April) is most needed to complete our inventory. Our study clearly demonstrates that seasonal dynamics of communities should be taken into account when studying biodiversity patterns of spiders, and probably forest arthropods in general.
Background: The Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) defines COPD as a fixed postbronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) below 0.7. Agedependent cut-off values below the lower fifth percentile (LLN) of this ratio derived from the general population have been proposed as an alternative. We wanted to assess the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic capability of the GOLD and LLN definition when compared to an expert-based diagnosis. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 405 patients aged ≥ 65 years with a general practitioner’s diagnosis of COPD were recruited and followed up for 4.5 (median; quartiles 3.9; 5.1) years. Prevalence rates of COPD according to GOLD and three LLN definitions and diagnostic performance measurements were calculated. The reference standard was the diagnosis of COPD of an expert panel that used all available diagnostic information, including spirometry and bodyplethysmography. Results: Compared to the expert panel diagnosis, ‘GOLD-COPD’ misclassified 69 (28%) patients, and the three LLNs misclassified 114 (46%), 96 (39%), and 98 (40%) patients, respectively. The GOLD classification led to more false positives, the LLNs to more false negative diagnoses. The main predictors beyond the FEV1/FVC ratio for an expert diagnosis of COPD were the FEV1 % predicted, and the residual volume/total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC). Adding FEV1 and RV/TLC to GOLD or LLN improved the diagnostic accuracy, resulting in a significant reduction of up to 50% of the number of misdiagnoses. The expert diagnosis of COPD better predicts exacerbations, hospitalizations and mortality than GOLD or LLN. Conclusions: GOLD criteria over-diagnose COPD, while LLN definitions under-diagnose COPD in elderly patients as compared to an expert panel diagnosis. Incorporating FEV1 and RV/TLC into the GOLD-COPD or LLN-based definition brings both definitions closer to expert panel diagnosis of COPD, and to daily clinical practice.
Renal Perfusion in Scleroderma Patients Assessed by Microbubble-Based Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
(2012)
Abstract: Objectives: Renal damage is common in scleroderma. It can occur acutely or chronically. Renal reserve might already be impaired before it can be detected by laboratory findings. Microbubble-based contrast-enhanced ultrasound has been demonstrated to improve blood perfusion imaging in organs. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess renal perfusion in scleroderma patients utilizing this novel technique. Materials and Methodology: Microbubble-based contrast agent was infused and destroyed by using high mechanical index by Siemens Sequoia (curved array, 4.5 MHz). Replenishment was recorded for 8 seconds. Regions of interests (ROI) were analyzed in renal parenchyma, interlobular artery and renal pyramid with quantitative contrast software (CUSQ 1.4, Siemens Acuson, Mountain View, California). Time to maximal Enhancement (TmE), maximal enhancement (mE) and maximal enhancement relative to maximal enhancement of the interlobular artery (mE%A) were calculated for different ROIs. Results: There was a linear correlation between the time to maximal enhancement in the parenchyma and the glomerular filtration rate. However, the other parameters did not reveal significant differences between scleroderma patients and healthy controls. Conclusion: Renal perfusion of scleroderma patients including the glomerular filtration rate can be assessed using microbubble-based contrast media.
Background: Combination of oncolytic vaccinia virus therapy with conventional chemotherapy has shown promise for tumor therapy. However, side effects of chemotherapy including thrombocytopenia, still remain problematic. Methods: Here, we describe a novel approach to optimize combination therapy of oncolytic virus and chemotherapy utilizing virus-encoding hyper-IL-6, GLV-1h90, to reduce chemotherapy-associated side effects. Results: We showed that the hyper-IL-6 cytokine was successfully produced by GLV-1h90 and was functional both in cell culture as well as in tumor-bearing animals, in which the cytokine-producing vaccinia virus strain was well tolerated. When combined with the chemotherapeutic mitomycin C, the anti-tumor effect of the oncolytic virotherapy was significantly enhanced. Moreover, hyper-IL-6 expression greatly reduced the time interval during which the mice suffered from chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Therefore, future clinical application would benefit from careful investigation of additional cytokine treatment to reduce chemotherapy-induced side effects.
Background: To evaluate oncological and clinical outcome in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and tumor thrombus involving inferior vena cava (IVC) treated with nephrectomy and thrombectomy. Methods: We identified 50 patients with a median age of 65 years, who underwent radical surgical treatment for RCC and tumor thrombus of the IVC between 1997 and 2010. The charts were reviewed for pathological and surgical parameters, as well as complications and oncological outcome. Results: The median follow-up was 26 months. In 21 patients (42%) distant metastases were already present at the time of surgery. All patients underwent radical nephrectomy, thrombectomy and lymph node dissection through a flank (15 patients/30%), thoracoabdominal (14 patients/28%) or midline abdominal approach (21 patients/42%), depending upon surgeon preference and upon the characteristics of tumor and associated thrombus. Extracorporal circulation with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was performed in 10 patients (20%) with supradiaphragmal thrombus of IVC. Cancer-specific survival for the whole cohort at 5 years was 33.1%. Survival for the patients without distant metastasis at 5 years was 50.7%, whereas survival rate in the metastatic group at 5 years was 7.4%. Median survival of patients with metastatic disease was 16.4 months. On multivariate analysis lymph node invasion, distant metastasis and grading were independent prognostic factors. There was no statistically significant influence of level of the tumor thrombus on survival rate. Indeed, patients with supradiaphragmal tumor thrombus (n = 10) even had a better outcome (overall survival at 5 years of 58.33%) than the entire cohort. Conclusions: An aggressive surgical approach is the most effective therapeutic option in patients with RCC and any level of tumor thrombus and offers a reasonable longterm survival. Due to good clinical and oncological outcome we prefer the use of CPB with extracorporal circulation in patients with supradiaphragmal tumor thrombus. Cytoreductive surgery appears to be beneficial for patients with metastatic disease, especially when consecutive therapy is performed. Although sample size of our study cohort is limited consistent with some other studies lymph node invasion, distant metastasis and grading seem to have prognostic value.
Background: The objective of this study was to validate physical activity questionnaires for cystic fibrosis (CF) against accelerometry and cycle ergometry. Methods: 41 patients with CF (12-42 years) completed the Habitual Activity Estimation Scale (HAES), the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall questionnaire (7D-PAR) and the Lipid Research Clinics questionnaire (LRC) and performed an incremental exercise test according to the Godfrey protocol up to volitional fatigue. Time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) assessed objectively by accelerometry was related to the time spent in the respective activity categories by correlation analyses and calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Furthermore, the results of the exercise test were correlated with the results of the questionnaires. Results: Time spent in the categories ‘hard’,’very hard’ and ‘hard & very hard’ of the 7D-PAR (0.41 < r < 0.56) and ‘active’ (r = 0.33) of the HAES correlated significantly with MVPA. The activity levels of the LRC were not related to objectively determined physical activity. Significant ICCs were only observed between the 7D-PAR activitiy categories and MVPA (ICC = 0.40-0.44). Only the LRC showed moderate correlations with the exercise test (Wmax: r = 0.46, p = 0.002; VO2peak: r = 0.32, p = 0.041). Conclusions: In conclusion, the activity categories ‘hard’ and ‘very hard’ of the 7D-PAR best reflected objectively measured MVPA. Since the association was at most moderate, the 7D-PAR may be selected to describe physical activity within a population. None of the evaluated questionnaires was able to generate valid physical activity data exercise performance data at the individual level. Neither did any of the questionnaires provide a valid assessment of aerobic fitness on an invidual level.