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Institute
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie (ab 2004) (37) (remove)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
Background: Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is highly elevated after cardiac surgery and impacts the postoperative inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the polymorphisms CATT\(_{5–7}\) (rs5844572/rs3063368,“-794”) and G>C single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs755622,-173) in the MIF gene promoter are related to postoperative outcome. Methods: In 1116 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, the MIF gene polymorphisms were analyzed and serum MIF was measured by ELISA in 100 patients. Results: Patients with at least one extended repeat allele (CATT\(_7\)) had a significantly higher risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to others (23% vs. 13%; OR 2.01 (1.40–2.88), p = 0.0001). Carriers of CATT\(_7\) were also at higher risk of death (1.8% vs. 0.4%; OR 5.12 (0.99–33.14), p = 0.026). The GC genotype was associated with AKI (20% vs. GG/CC:13%, OR 1.71 (1.20–2.43), p = 0.003). Multivariate analyses identified CATT\(_7\) predictive for AKI (OR 2.13 (1.46–3.09), p < 0.001) and death (OR 5.58 (1.29–24.04), p = 0.021). CATT\(_7\) was associated with higher serum MIF before surgery (79.2 vs. 50.4 ng/mL, p = 0.008). Conclusion: The CATT\(_7\) allele associates with a higher risk of AKI and death after cardiac surgery, which might be related to chronically elevated serum MIF. Polymorphisms in the MIF gene may constitute a predisposition for postoperative complications and the assessment may improve risk stratification and therapeutic guidance.
Ischemia/reperfusion injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is characterized by a sudden decrease in kidney function, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of the sodium, potassium, and water channels. While AKI leads to uremic encephalopathy, epidemiological studies have shown that AKI is associated with a subsequent risk for developing stroke and dementia. To get more insights into kidney–brain crosstalk, we have created an in vitro co-culture model based on human kidney cells of the proximal tubule (HK-2) and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). The HK-2 cell line was grown to confluence on 6-well plates and exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) for 4 h. Control HK-2 cells were grown under normal conditions. The BMEC cell line cerebED was grown to confluence on transwells with 0.4 μm pores. The transwell filters seeded and grown to confluence with cereEND were inserted into the plates with HK-2 cells with or without OGD treatment. In addition, cerebEND were left untreated or treated with uremic toxins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indoxyl sulfate (IS). The protein and mRNA expression of selected BBB-typical influx transporters, efflux transporters, cellular receptors, and tight junction proteins was measured in BMECs. To validate this in vitro model of kidney–brain interaction, we isolated brain capillaries from mice exposed to bilateral renal ischemia (30 min)/reperfusion injury (24 h) and measured mRNA and protein expression as described above. Both in vitro and in vivo systems showed similar changes in the expression of drug transporters, cellular receptors, and tight junction proteins. Efflux pumps, in particular Abcb1b, Abcc1, and Abcg2, have shown increased expression in our model. Thus, our in vitro co-culture system can be used to study the cellular mechanism of kidney and brain crosstalk in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Background
The most threatening metastases in breast cancer are brain metastases, which correlate with a very poor overall survival, but also a limited quality of life. A key event for the metastatic progression of breast cancer into the brain is the migration of cancer cells across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
Methods
We adapted and validated the CD34\(^+\) cells-derived human in vitro BBB model (brain-like endothelial cells, BLECs) to analyse the effects of patient serum on BBB properties. We collected serum samples from healthy donors, breast cancer patients with primary cancer, and breast cancer patients with, bone, visceral or cerebral metastases. We analysed cytokine levels in these sera utilizing immunoassays and correlated them with clinical data. We used paracellular permeability measurements, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and mRNA analysis to examine the effects of patient sera on the properties of BBB in vitro.
Results
The BLECs cultured together with brain pericytes in transwells developed a tight monolayer with a correct localization of claudin-5 at the tight junctions (TJ). Several BBB marker proteins such as the TJ proteins claudin-5 and occludin, the glucose transporter GLUT-1 or the efflux pumps PG-P and BCRP were upregulated in these cultures. This was accompanied by a reduced paracellular permeability for fluorescein (400 Da). We then used this model for the treatment with the patient sera. Only the sera of breast cancer patients with cerebral metastases had significantly increased levels of the cytokines fractalkine (CX3CL1) and BCA-1 (CXCL13). The increased levels of fractalkine were associated with the estrogen/progesterone receptor status of the tumour. The treatment of BLECs with these sera selectively increased the expression of CXCL13 and TJ protein occludin. In addition, the permeability of fluorescein was increased after serum treatment.
Conclusion
We demonstrate that the CD34\(^+\) cell-derived human in vitro BBB model can be used as a tool to study the molecular mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular pathologies. We showed that serum from patients with cerebral metastases may affect the integrity of the BBB in vitro, associated with elevated concentrations of specific cytokines such as CX3CL1 and CXCL13.
Retrospektive Auswertung von Daten aus dem Zeitraum März 2015 bis Mai 2016 von Patienten unter ECMO-Therapie (extrakorporale Membranoxygenierung)und NIRS Monitoring (Nahinfrarotspektroskopie). Erfassung kritischer Abfälle der zerebralen Gewebeoxygenierung mittels Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (NIRS). Bestimmung und Untersuchung von Einflussparametern, welche für den Abfall der zerebralen Gewebeoxygenierung verantwortlich sein könnten. Untersuchung, ob durch das Erkennen von kritischen Abfällen der zerebralen Gewebeoxygenierung eine frühzeitige Detektion von neurologischen Komplikationen zuverlässig möglich ist.
Background
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), has escalated rapidly to a global pandemic stretching healthcare systems worldwide to their limits. Surgeonshave had to immediately react to this unprecedented clinical challenge by systematically repurposing surgical wards.
Purpose
To provide a detailed set of guidelines developed in a surgical ward at University Hospital Wuerzburg to safelyaccommodate the exponentially rising cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients without compromising the care of emergencysurgery and oncological patients or jeopardizing the well-being of hospital staff.
Conclusions
The dynamic prioritization of SARS-CoV-2 infected and surgical patient groups is key to preserving life whilemaintaining high surgical standards. Strictly segregating patient groups in emergency rooms, non-intensive care wards andoperating areas prevents viral spread while adequately training and carefully selecting hospital staff allow them to confidentlyand successfully undertake their respective clinical duties.
Inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Compromised integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increased migration of immune cells into the CNS are the main characteristics of brain inflammation. Clustered protocadherins (Pcdhs) belong to a large family of cadherin-related molecules. Pcdhs are highly expressed in the CNS in neurons, astrocytes, pericytes and epithelial cells of the choroid plexus and, as we have recently demonstrated, in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Knockout of a member of the Pcdh subfamily, PcdhgC3, resulted in significant changes in the barrier integrity of BMECs. Here we characterized the endothelial PcdhgC3 knockout (KO) cells using paracellular permeability measurements, proliferation assay, wound healing assay, inhibition of signaling pathways, oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) and a pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) treatment. PcdhgC3 KO showed an increased paracellular permeability, a faster proliferation rate, an altered expression of efflux pumps, transporters, cellular receptors, signaling and inflammatory molecules. Serum starvation led to significantly higher phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk) in KO cells, while no changes in phosphorylated Akt kinase levels were found. PcdhgC3 KO cells migrated faster in the wound healing assay and this migration was significantly inhibited by respective inhibitors of the MAPK-, β-catenin/Wnt-, mTOR- signaling pathways (SL327, XAV939, or Torin 2). PcdhgC3 KO cells responded stronger to OGD and TNFα by significantly higher induction of interleukin 6 mRNA than wild type cells. These results suggest that PcdhgC3 is involved in the regulation of major signaling pathways and the inflammatory response of BMECs.
Der Einfluss von NMDA-Rezeptor-Modulatoren auf die Blut-Hirn Schranke unter ischämischen Bedingungen
(2020)
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde das Motilitätsverhalten von Blut-Hirn Schranken-Endothelzellen unter ischämischen Bedingungen an Hand der cerebEND-Zelllinie untersucht. Da es bisher noch kein Modell für diese Fragestellung gab, wurde zunächst ein solches mit Hilfe des kommerziellen Motilitätsassay der Firma ibidi® etabliert. Danach konnte der Einfluss von ischämischen Bedingungen, von Astrozyten konditioniertem Medium (C6-Zelllinie) und letztendlich der therapeutische Ansatz durch Modulation des NMDA-Rezeptors untersucht werden. Dabei zeigte sich durch das C6-konditionierte Medium eine deutliche Zunahme der Motilität. Diese verstärkte Motilität konnte durch den NMDA-Rezeptor-Antagonisten MK801 verhindert werden. Trotz Analyse einiger an der Proliferation und Migration beteiligter Botenstoffe wie VEGF und MMPs konnte keine Regulation dieser durch MK801 nachgewiesen werden.
Zur Durchführung peripherer Nervenblockaden werden im klinischen Alltag nichtselektive Lokalanästhetika verwendet, die neben sensorischen auch motorische Nervenfasern blockieren. Diese Arbeit untersucht und beschreibt Grundlagen für die Verwendung selektiv wirksamer Co-Analgetika. Ziel dieser Arbeit war in diesem Kontext die Analyse der intrazellulären Signalwege, welche nach Applikation von rtPA am peripheren Nerven zur Öffnung der perineuralen Barriere und so zu einer opiat- vermittelten Analgesie führen. Gemäß unserer Hypothese bindet rtPA an den LRP-1- Rezeptor und löst eine intrazelluläre Signalkaskade aus: Erk wird phosphoryliert und inhibiert über bislang unklare Mechanismen die Claudin-1-Transkription. Claudin-1 wird weniger in die Zellmembran eingebaut und/oder verlässt durch Endozytose/ Internalisierung die Zellmembran, was zur Öffnung der perineuralen Barriere führt und den Durchtritt selektiv wirksamer Analgetika erlaubt. In der späteren Phase steht die Analyse der Wiederherstellung der Barrierefunktion der Zellmembran im Vordergrund. Die ist von zentraler Bedeutung um eine Schädigung des Nervens durch das Umgebungsmilieu zu verhindern. Vermutlich wird die Wiederherstellung der Barrierefunktion über den Wnt-Signalweg gesteuert. Die Akkumulation von b-Catenin und Cdx2 führt zu einem erneuten Anstieg der Claudin-1-Transkription. Der Claudin-1- Gehalt steigt in Western Blot-Untersuchungen jedoch bereits zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt in der Zellmembran wieder an. Dies legt nahe, dass weitere von der Transkription unabhängige Mechanismen zur Wiederherstellung der Barrierefunktion beitragen. Eine mögliche Alternative zu rtPA stellt katalytisch inaktives rtPAi dar, welches in Untersuchungen ähnliche Ergebnisse wie rtPA zeigte. Dabei könnte die Verwendung von rtPAi anstatt rtPA pathophysiologisch denkbare Komplikationen wie beispielsweise Blutungen verhindern.
In Versuchen anderer Mitglieder der Arbeitsgruppe wurde die Öffnung der perineuralen Barriere mittels immunhistochemischer und funktioneller Untersuchungen bestätigt. Auch konnten keine akute Neurotoxizität oder Blutungsgefahr beobachtet werden. Somit stellt rtPA in Kombination mit Opioiden eine mögliche Alternative zur Verbesserung der postoperativen Analgesie dar, die jedoch weiterer Untersuchungen hinsichtlich von Nutzen, Risiken und Nebenwirkungen bedarf.
Background: Proportions of patients dying from the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vary between different countries. We report the characteristics; clinical course and outcome of patients requiring intensive care due to COVID-19 induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Methods: This is a retrospective, observational multicentre study in five German secondary or tertiary care hospitals. All patients consecutively admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in any of the participating hospitals between March 12 and May 4, 2020 with a COVID-19 induced ARDS were included.
Results: A total of 106 ICU patients were treated for COVID-19 induced ARDS, whereas severe ARDS was present in the majority of cases. Survival of ICU treatment was 65.0%. Median duration of ICU treatment was 11 days; median duration of mechanical ventilation was 9 days. The majority of ICU treated patients (75.5%) did not receive any antiviral or anti-inflammatory therapies. Venovenous (vv) ECMO was utilized in 16.3%. ICU triage with population-level decision making was not necessary at any time. Univariate analysis associated older age, diabetes mellitus or a higher SOFA score on admission with non-survival during ICU stay.
Conclusions: A high level of care adhering to standard ARDS treatments lead to a good outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Cardiac surgery (CSX) can be lifesaving in elderly patients (age ≥ 80 years) but may still be associated with complications and functional decline. Frailty represents a determinant to outcomes in critically ill patients, but little is known about its influence on elderly CSX-patients. This is a secondary exploratory analysis of a multi-center, prospective observational cohort study of 610 elderly patients admitted to the ICU and followed for one year to document long-term outcomes. CSX-ICU-patients (n = 49) were compared to surgical ICU patients (n = 184) with regard to demographics, frailty, and outcomes. Of all surgical patients, 102 (43%) were considered vulnerable or frail. The subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of time to discharge home (TTDH) for vulnerable/frail vs. fit/well patients was 0.54 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34, 0.86, p = 0.007). The p-value for effect modification between surgery group (CSX vs. surgical ICU patients) and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) group was not significant (p = 0.37) suggesting that the observed difference in the CFS effect between the CSX and surgical ICU patients is consistent with random error. A further subgroup analysis shows that among surgical ICU patients, the SHR of time to discharge home (TTDH) for vulnerable/frail vs. fit/well patients was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.29, 0.83) while the corresponding SHR for CSX patients was 0.77 (0.32–1.88). In conclusion, preoperative frailty reduced the rate of discharge to home in both surgical and CSX patients, but a larger sample of CSX patients is needed to adequately address this question in this patient group.
Reduced Cl\(^{-}\) conductance causes inhibited muscle relaxation after forceful voluntary contraction due to muscle membrane hyperexcitability. This represents the pathomechanism of myotonia congenita. Due to the prevailing data suggesting that an increased potassium level is a main contributor, we studied the effect of a modulator of a big conductance Ca\(^{2+}\)- and voltage-activated K\(^{+}\) channels (BK) modulator on contraction and relaxation of slow- and high-twitch muscle specimen before and after the pharmacological induction of myotonia. Human and murine muscle specimens (wild-type and BK\(^{-/-}\)) were exposed to anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9-AC) to inhibit CLC-1 chloride channels and to induce myotonia in-vitro. Functional effects of BK-channel activation and blockade were investigated by exposing slow-twitch (soleus) and fast-twitch (extensor digitorum longus) murine muscle specimens or human musculus vastus lateralis to an activator (NS1608) and a blocker (Paxilline), respectively. Muscle-twitch force and relaxation times (T\(_{90/10}\)) were monitored. Compared to wild type, fast-twitch muscle specimen of BK\(^{-/-}\) mice resulted in a significantly decreased T\(_{90/10}\) in presence of 9-AC. Paxilline significantly shortened T\(_{90/10}\) of murine slow- and fast-twitch muscles as well as human vastus lateralis muscle. Moreover, twitch force was significantly reduced after application of Paxilline in myotonic muscle. NS1608 had opposite effects to Paxilline and aggravated the onset of myotonic activity by prolongation of T\(_{90/10}\). The currently used standard therapy for myotonia is, in some individuals, not very effective. This in vitro study demonstrated that a BK channel blocker lowers myotonic stiffness and thus highlights its potential therapeutic option in myotonia congenital (MC).
Laparoscopic techniques have established themselves as a major part of modern surgery. Their implementation in every surgical discipline has played a vital part in the reduction of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Precise robotic surgery, as an evolution of this, is shaping the present and future operating theatre that an anesthetist is facing. While incisions get smaller and the impact on the organism seems to dwindle, challenges for anesthetists do not lessen and could even become more demanding than in open procedures. This review focuses on the pathophysiological effects of contemporary laparoscopic and robotic procedures and summarizes anesthetic challenges and strategies for perioperative management.
Background and objectives
Preoperative anaemia is an independent risk factor for a higher morbidity and mortality, a longer hospitalization and increased perioperative transfusion rates. Managing preoperative anaemia is the first of three pillars of Patient Blood Management (PBM), a multidisciplinary concept to improve patient safety. While various studies provide medical information on (successful) anaemia treatment pathways, knowledge of organizational details of diagnosis and management of preoperative anaemia across Europe is scarce.
Materials and methods
To gain information on various aspects of preoperative anaemia management including organization, financing, diagnostics and treatment, we conducted a survey (74 questions) in ten hospitals from seven European nations within the PaBloE (Patient Blood Management in Europe) working group covering the year 2016.
Results
Organization and activity in the field of preoperative anaemia management were heterogeneous in the participating hospitals. Almost all hospitals had pathways for managing preoperative anaemia in place, however, only two nations had national guidelines. In six of the ten participating hospitals, preoperative anaemia management was organized by anaesthetists. Diagnostics and treatment focused on iron deficiency anaemia which, in most hospitals, was corrected with intravenous iron.
Conclusion
Implementation and approaches of preoperative anaemia management vary across Europe with a primary focus on treating iron deficiency anaemia. Findings of this survey motivated the hospitals involved to critically evaluate their practice and may also help other hospitals interested in PBM to develop action plans for diagnosis and management of preoperative anaemia.
Purpose
The trauma centre of the Wuerzburg University Hospital has integrated a pioneering dual-room twin-CT scanner in a multiple trauma pathway. For concurrent treatment of two trauma patients, two carbon CT examination and intervention tables are positioned head to head with one sliding CT-Gantry in the middle. The focus of this study is the process of trauma care with the time to CT (tCT) and the time to operation (tOR) as quality indicator.
Methods
All patients with suspected multiple trauma, who required emergency surgery and who were initially diagnosed by the CT trauma protocol between 05/2018 and 12/2018 were included. Data relating to time spans (tCT and tOR), severity of injury and outcome was obtained.
Results
110 of the 589 screened trauma patients had surgery immediately after finishing primary assessment in the ER. The ISS was 17 (9–34) (median and interquartile range, IQR). tCT was 15 (11–19) minutes (median and IQR) and tOR was 96.5 (75–119) minutes (median and IQR). In the first 30 days, seven patients died (6.4%) including two within the first 24 h (2%). There were two ICU days (1–6) (median and IQR) and one (0–1) (median and IQR) ventilator day.
Conclusion
The twin-CT technology is a fascinating tool to organize high-quality trauma care for two multiple trauma patients simultaneously
Die Blut-Hirn-Schranke (BHS) stellt eine wichtige Barriere zwischen dem Blutsystem und dem Gehirngewebe dar. An der Bildung dieser Barriere sind hauptsächlich die Endothelzellen der Blutkapillaren beteilig. Dabei verschließen die Tight Junction Proteine und die Adherens Junction Proteine den interzellulären Spalt zwischen zwei benachbarten Endothelzellen. Dieser Verschluss sorgt dafür, dass keine Noxen aus dem Blut in das Zentralnervensystem gelangen können. Damit jedoch der Transport wichtiger Nährstoffe in das ZNS und der Abtransport von Abfallprodukten aus dem ZNS gewährleistet sind, sind spezielle Rezeptoren und Transporter notwendig. Diese sorgen auch dafür, dass in die Endothelzellen eingedrungene schädliche Substanzen wieder zurück in das Blutsystem befördert werden. Dafür sind Effluxpumpen, Proteine der Solute Carrier Familie und zelluläre Rezeptoren verantwortlich.
Die immortalized mouse cerebral/cerebellar capillary endothelial cells (cEND/cerebEND) Modellsysteme sind in-vitro Modellsysteme der BHS und wurden in der AG: Förster in der Anästhesiologie im Universitätsklinikum Würzburg bereits erfolgreich isoliert und schon dazu benutzt verschiedene physiologische und pathophysiologische Prozesse in der BHS zu beschreiben und zu erklären. Die Zellen werden in diesem BHS-Modell mit Hilfe des Polynoma large T Antigens immortalisiert.
Das Ziel der Doktorarbeit war der Vergleich der mRNA Expressions- und Proteinlevel verschiedener Tight Junction-Proteine, Adherens Junctions, Effluxpumpen, Proteine der SLC-Familie und zellulärer Rezeptoren der BHS zwischen cEND/cerebEND und primären Zellen, die aus dem Großhirn isoliert wurden, sowohl in 10% FCS als auch in 1% FCS Nährmedium. Es sollte ermittelt werden, ob durch die Immortalisierung der Hirnendothelzellen eine Veränderung in der Expression der Proteine herbeigeführt wird und ob es Unterschiede in der Expression bezüglich der Mediumkonzentration gibt.
Untersucht wurden die mRNA Expressionslevel mit Hilfe der RT-PCR und die Proteinlevel mittels Western Blot.
Es hat sich heraus gestellt, dass cEND und cerebEND in vielen Fällen ähnliche Mengen an ABC-Transportern, Proteinen der SLC-Familie, zellulärern Rezeptoren und Tight Junction Proteinen wie primäre Zellen, sowohl in 10% FCS als auch in 1% FCS Medium exprimieren. Dabei sind die mRNA- und Proteinexpressionslevel von Tight Junctions und der zellulären Rezeptoren, Insulin- und Transferrinrezeptor, im Vergleich zu primären Zellen am ähnlichsten. In diesen Fällen wird die Expression der untersuchten Proteine durch die Immortalisierung der Hirnendothelzellen nicht signifikant verändert. Somit lässt sich die Barrierefunktion der Hirnendothelzellen besonders gut mit den in-vitro Modellsystemen untersuchen.
Die Modellsysteme cEND und cerebEND zeigen allerdings auch einige Schwachstellen. Bcrp, Mct1, Lrp1 und P-gp lassen sich nur bedingt mit diesen Modellsystemen untersuchen, da ihre mRNA- und Proteinexpression sehr stark hoch, im Fall von Bcrp, oder runter reguliert wird, im Fall von Mct1 und Lrp1 in cEND/cerebEND und P-gp in cerebEND.
Im Hinblick auf Veränderungen in der Expression durch Mediumreduktion wird deutlich, dass sie zu höheren Expressionsraten in cEND, mehr noch in cerebEND, führt. Dies zeigt sich auf mRNA-Ebene noch deutlicher als auf Proteinebene. Diese Tatsache scheint sich allerdings nicht im Vergleich mit primären Zellen sichtbar zu machen. Es zeigt sich kein Unterschied im Vergleich zu primären Zellen zwischen 10% FCS und 1% FCS Nährmedium.
Damit stellen cEND und cerebEND in vielen verschiedenen, jedoch nicht in allen Fragestellungen geeignete Modellsysteme dar.
Zusammenfassung:
Fentanyl und Sufentanil sind zwei synthetisch hergestellte Opioide, die in der Anästhesiologie für die intraoperative Analgesie eingesetzt werden. Sie weisen ein unterschiedliches pharmakodynamisches Profil auf.
Im Jahr 2014 wurde das Opioidregime für minimal-invasive Standardeingriffe im Klinikum Fulda von Fentanyl auf Sufentanil umgestellt. In der geplanten retrospektiven Datenerhebung sollten Daten von Patienten, die vor 2014 mit Fentanyl analgesiert wurden, verglichen werden mit Daten von Patienten, bei denen nach 2014 Sufentanil in die Narkoseführung implementiert war. Untersucht werden sollte, ob der Wechsel auf ein Opioid mit einem vermeintlich geeigneteren Profil für die Narkoseführung tatsächlich die kalkulierten Vorteile erbracht hat.
Die retrospektive Datenerhebung sollte aufzeigen, ob Patienten während und nach MIC-CHE oder MIC-TEP von einer Sufentanil-Gabe gegenüber der Fentanyl-Gabe profitieren: Verkürzt sich die Ausleitungsphase, haben die Patienten bei Ankunft im Aufwachraum (AWR) eine bessere Oxygenierung und/oder eine stabilere Kreislaufsituation? Leiden die Patienten nach Sufentanil unter weniger postoperativer Übelkeit und Erbrechen (PONV), benötigen sie weniger Schmerzmittel? Die Untersuchung sollte zudem klären, ob biometrische Faktoren wie Geschlecht, Alter, Gewicht und BMI in Zusammenhang mit dem eingesetzten Opioid eine relevante Rolle für das postoperative Befinden der Patienten spielten, und ob sich aus der Umstellung von Fentanyl auf Sufentanil ökonomische Vorteile ergaben.
Ergebnis:
Kombination Desfluran mit Sufentanil für alle untersuchten Gruppen von klinischem Vorteil. Bevorzugter Einsatz bei MIC-Eingriffen in der Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie empfehlenswert.
- Geringerer postoperativer Schmerzmittelbedarf
- Bessere postoperative Oxygenierung
- Kürzere postoperative Aufwachzeit
- Niedrigerer intraoperativer Opioidbedarf
- Wirtschaftlich/ökonomische Gleichwert
Begründete Aussage, dass Sufentanil bei MIC-Eingriffen in der Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie im Vergleich zu Fentanyl das überlegene Medikament ist. (überwiegend statistisch signifikant)
Steigerung dieses Effekts über die Kombination mit Desfluran möglich.
Background:
Regional ventilation of the lung can be visualized by pulmonary electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The aim of this study was to examine the post‐operative redistribution of regional ventilation after lung surgery dependent on the side of surgery and its association with forced vital capacity.
Methods:
In this prospective, observational cohort study 13 patients undergoing right and 13 patients undergoing left‐sided open or video‐thoracoscopic procedures have been investigated. Pre‐operative measurements with EIT and spirometry were compared with data obtained 3 days post‐operation. The center of ventilation (COV) within a 32 × 32 pixel matrix was calculated from EIT data. The transverse axis coordinate of COV, COVx (left/right), was modified to COVx′ (ipsilateral/contralateral). Thus, COVx′ shows a negative change if ventilation shifts contralateral independent of the side of surgery. This enabled testing with two‐way ANOVA for repeated measurements (side, time).
Results:
The perioperative shift of COVx′ was dependent on the side of surgery (P = .007). Ventilation shifted away from the side of surgery after the right‐sided surgery (COVx′‐1.97 pixel matrix points, P < .001), but not after the left‐sided surgery (COVx′‐0.61, P = .425). The forced vital capacity (%predicted) decreased from 94 (83‐109)% (median [quartiles]; [left‐sided]) and 89 (80‐97)% (right‐sided surgery) to 61 (59‐66)% and 62 (40‐72)% (P < .05), respectively. The perioperative changes in forced vital capacity (%predicted) were weakly associated with the shift of COVx′.
Conclusion:
Only after right‐sided lung surgery, EIT showed reduced ventilation on the side of surgery while vital capacity was markedly reduced in both groups.
Background
Increasing numbers of patients receiving oral anticoagulants are undergoing elective surgery. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is frequently applied as bridging therapy during perioperative interruption of anticoagulation. The aim of this study was to explore the postoperative bleeding risk of patients receiving surgery under bridging anticoagulation.
Methods
We performed a monocentric retrospective two-arm matched cohort study. Patients that received perioperative bridging anticoagulation were compared to a matched control group with identical surgical procedure, age, and sex. Emergency and vascular operations were excluded. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major postoperative bleeding. Secondary endpoints were minor postoperative bleeding, thromboembolic events, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality. Multivariate analysis explored risk factors of major postoperative bleeding.
Results
A total of 263 patients in each study arm were analyzed. The patient cohort included the entire field of general and visceral surgery including a large proportion of major oncological resections. Bridging anticoagulation increased the postoperative incidence of major bleeding events (8% vs. 1%; p < 0.001) as well as minor bleeding events (14% vs. 5%; p < 0.001). Thromboembolic events were equally rare in both groups (1% vs. 2%; p = 0.45). No effect on mortality was observed (1.5% vs. 1.9%). Independent risk factors of major postoperative bleeding were full-therapeutic dose of LMWH, renal insufficiency, and the procedure-specific bleeding risk.
Conclusion
Perioperative bridging anticoagulation, especially full-therapeutic dose LMWH, markedly increases the risk of postoperative bleeding complications in general and visceral surgery. Surgeons should carefully consider the practice of routine bridging.
Präklinisches Management bei Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand – extrakorporale kardiopulmonale Reanimation
(2020)
Hintergrund
Die Überlebenschancen nach präklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand sind weiterhin sehr gering. Trotz intensiver Bemühungen bleibt das Outcome seit vielen Jahren weitestgehend konstant. Neue Technologien wie die extrakorporale kardiopulmonale Reanimation (eCPR) können in bestimmten Situationen möglicherweise das Überleben mit gutem neurologischen Outcome signifikant verbessern.
Fragestellung
Beeinflusst die sofortige Reperfusion und Reoxygenierung des Körpers mittels eCPR das Überleben nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand? Bedarf es einer Erweiterung der „chain of survival“ um die eCPR?
Material und Methoden
Diskussion aktueller Studienergebnisse und Leitlinienempfehlungen.
Ergebnisse
Die Überlebensraten nach präklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand sind weltweit seit vielen Jahren unverändert bei 10–30 %. Trotz geringer Fallzahlen zeigen neuere retrospektive Studien, dass durch die eCPR eine Verbesserung des Outcome erzielt werden kann. In selektionierten Patientenkollektiven ist ein Überleben mit gutem neurologischen Outcome von 38 % möglich.
Schlussfolgerung
Ob und mit welcher Lebensqualität ein Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand überlebt werden kann, ist von vielen unterschiedlichen Faktoren abhängig. Der Faktor Zeit, also die Vermeidung einer „No-flow-Phase“ und die Reduktion der „Low-flow-Phase“, ist von zentraler Bedeutung. Durch die sofortige Wiederherstellung von Zirkulation und Sauerstoffversorgung kann durch die eCPR das Überleben signifikant verbessert werden. Große kontrollierte, randomisierte Studien hierzu fehlen jedoch bisher.