Filtern
Volltext vorhanden
- ja (51)
Gehört zur Bibliographie
- ja (51) (entfernen)
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2012 (51) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Artikel / Aufsatz in einer Zeitschrift (51) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (51) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Biologie (9)
- expression (4)
- protein (4)
- african trypanosomes (2)
- architecture (2)
- brain (2)
- cancer (2)
- combination therapy (2)
- differentiation (2)
- diversity (2)
- functional characterization (2)
- immunoreactive neurons (2)
- localization (2)
- melanogaster (2)
- olfactory memory (2)
- oncolysis (2)
- receptor (2)
- resistance (2)
- transcription (2)
- A-type lamins (1)
- Advanced snowmelt (1)
- Alps (1)
- Amazonia (1)
- Araneae (1)
- BBCH (1)
- BRCA1 positive (1)
- BRCA1/2 negative (1)
- BRCA2 positive (1)
- CENP-A (1)
- CSE4, CENP-A (1)
- Camponotus floridanus (1)
- Climate change (1)
- DNA replication (1)
- DNA-binding vesicles (1)
- DOT1 (1)
- Delayed snowmelt (1)
- EF-1A (1)
- European beech (1)
- Flowering (1)
- Functional modules (1)
- HRAS (1)
- Imd pathway (1)
- Integrated network analysis (1)
- LMNA mutations (1)
- Lamto Reserve (1)
- Medizin (1)
- Metabolic pathways (1)
- Metabolic profiles (1)
- Milnesium tardigradum (1)
- Mycoplasma (1)
- New Zealand (1)
- P15(INK4B) (1)
- P21 (1)
- POZ domain (1)
- RNA (1)
- Raf kinases (1)
- Salmonella enterica (1)
- Salmonella-containing vacuole (1)
- Savanna (1)
- T cells (1)
- Trend test (1)
- West Africa (1)
- Yolk protein (1)
- abdominal (1)
- acoustic communication (1)
- actin cortex (1)
- adaption (1)
- adult bee (1)
- adult drosophila (1)
- agonist (1)
- alagille syndrome (1)
- alignment (1)
- aminoacyl-transfer-RNA (1)
- animal communication (1)
- ant communities (1)
- anthropogenic noise (1)
- antimicrobial (1)
- aortic-valve (1)
- apoptosis (1)
- arabidopsi (1)
- arabidopsis thaliana (1)
- arabidpsis thaliana (1)
- auditory masking (1)
- autophagy (1)
- axial skeletal defects (1)
- bacterial persistence (1)
- balance (1)
- bee larva (1)
- big brown bats (1)
- bilayers (1)
- binding (1)
- biogenic amines (1)
- bitter taste (1)
- blood-stream forms (1)
- blowfly calliphora-vomitoria (1)
- brucei (1)
- burned savanna (1)
- c-myc (1)
- caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- call (1)
- cancer cells (1)
- cancer-cells (1)
- canine cancer therapy (1)
- canopy fogging (1)
- capsid protein (1)
- cardiac aging (1)
- cardiac fibrosis (1)
- cell surface (1)
- cell-cycle arrest (1)
- cell-cycle regulation (1)
- centomeres (1)
- central-nervous-system (1)
- centromere (1)
- cerebral ischemia (1)
- chain (1)
- chalinolobus-tuberculatus (1)
- chemosensory protein (1)
- chemosensory system (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- chromatin (1)
- circadian photoreception (1)
- classification (1)
- clock (1)
- cluster (1)
- colony-stimulating factor (1)
- conjugate (1)
- connector (1)
- containing neurons (1)
- contralateral breast cancer (1)
- conversion (1)
- corticotropin-releasing hormone (1)
- courtship displays (1)
- crosstalk (1)
- cultivation (1)
- cytokine (1)
- dart-poison frog (1)
- database (1)
- decision making (1)
- dependent magnetosensitvity (1)
- depth (1)
- detoxified lipooligosaccharide (1)
- disease (1)
- dosage (1)
- drosophila embryo (1)
- drosophila melanogaster (1)
- drosophila mushroom body (1)
- drug (1)
- dwelling bat (1)
- dynamics (1)
- elementary mode analysis (1)
- elongation (1)
- engineering (1)
- environment (1)
- eptesicus-fuscus (1)
- eucera berlandi (1)
- expressed sequence tag (1)
- expression signature (1)
- factor 1-alpha (1)
- factor EEF1A2 (1)
- feeding behavior (1)
- fission yeast (1)
- flagellar (1)
- flagellum (1)
- fluorescent protein (1)
- forest (1)
- forest disturbance (1)
- forest soils (1)
- fruit fly (1)
- gamma (1)
- gene (1)
- genes (1)
- genetics (1)
- gradient (1)
- growing escherichia coli (1)
- haemolymph (1)
- head involution (1)
- hemophilus influenzae (1)
- higher pitch (1)
- hindbrain boundary (1)
- histidine kinase (1)
- homology modeling (1)
- honey bee (1)
- honey bees (1)
- honeybees (1)
- host cell death (1)
- human jagged1 (1)
- hydrodynamics (1)
- hymenoptera (1)
- hyper-IL-6 (1)
- identification (1)
- immune response (1)
- immunity (1)
- in-vivo (1)
- induction (1)
- infected bee (1)
- ingle-molecule microscopy (1)
- inhibitor (1)
- internal transcribed spacer 2 (1)
- isthmic oragnizer (1)
- laminopathies (1)
- land use (1)
- larva (1)
- learning performances (1)
- life-span regulation (1)
- light avoidance (1)
- long-term reuse (1)
- long-term-memory (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- malaria (1)
- male bees (1)
- mammalian CRY1 (1)
- mammalian cells (1)
- markers (1)
- mass spectometry (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- mechanism (1)
- melanoma (1)
- memory (1)
- metabolic flux (1)
- metabolism (1)
- metastasis (1)
- methylene blue (1)
- miR-22 (1)
- miRNA (1)
- mice (1)
- microRNAs (1)
- microscopy (1)
- mimecan (1)
- model (1)
- models (1)
- modules (1)
- molecular systematics (1)
- moth manduca sexta (1)
- motility (1)
- mouse (1)
- multiparticle collision dynamics (1)
- mushroom bodies (1)
- mutations (1)
- nasopharyngeal colonization (1)
- neobellieria bullata (1)
- netcar-feeding bats (1)
- neural crest (1)
- neurons form (1)
- nicotinic acetylcholine-receptors (1)
- nuclear envelope (1)
- nuclear lamina (1)
- nuclear organization (1)
- nucleosome (1)
- nucleotide exchange (1)
- nyctalus noctula (1)
- obstructive pulmonary disease (1)
- oncolytic virus (1)
- ophrys heldreichii (1)
- organization (1)
- organogenesis (1)
- oscillator (1)
- osteoblast differentiation (1)
- osteoglycin (1)
- otitis media (1)
- pathway (1)
- peptide (1)
- perception (1)
- pesticides (1)
- phagocytosis (1)
- phagosomalescape (1)
- phylogenetic tree (1)
- phylogeny (1)
- pollination (1)
- polyarcylamide gels (1)
- polymorphism (1)
- probes (1)
- promoter (1)
- propagation (1)
- propulsion (1)
- protein docking (1)
- protein familiy (1)
- protein-interaction networks (1)
- proteins (1)
- pseudomas-syringae (1)
- quali-chick chimeras (1)
- rain forest (1)
- rat calyx (1)
- recolonization (1)
- reconstruction (1)
- regulation (1)
- relative abundance (1)
- relevance (1)
- resolution (1)
- response regulator (1)
- reward (1)
- rhythm (1)
- ribosomal RNA (1)
- richtersius coronifer (1)
- root (1)
- rs112587690 (1)
- rs12628 (1)
- rural domain (1)
- sample (1)
- savanna woodland (1)
- schizosaccaromyces-pombe (1)
- secondary structure (1)
- senescence (1)
- sensitization (1)
- sensor (1)
- sequence alignment (1)
- sequestration (1)
- serotonin (1)
- set (1)
- sexual deception (1)
- signal peptides (1)
- signal transduction (1)
- signals (1)
- simulation (1)
- social calls (1)
- soil macrofauna (1)
- solvent (1)
- sonic hedghog (1)
- species composition (1)
- species richness (1)
- species richness estimation (1)
- spiroplasma (1)
- stability (1)
- staphylococcus aureus (1)
- stocks (1)
- superoxide-dismutase (1)
- superresolution (1)
- surface (1)
- survival (1)
- synthetic biology (1)
- tardigrada (1)
- target molecule (1)
- tergite (1)
- term memory (1)
- tolerance (1)
- toxicity (1)
- tracking (1)
- traffic noise (1)
- transcription activation (1)
- transcription factor (1)
- transcription factor MIZ-1 (1)
- transcriptome (1)
- transmission (1)
- trinervitermes (1)
- true diversity (1)
- trypanosome lytic factor (1)
- tumor suppressor (1)
- tyrosine phosphorylation (1)
- ubiquitin (1)
- ultrastructure (1)
- unpaired median neurons (1)
- vaccine (1)
- vaccinia virus (1)
- variants (1)
- vibrio cholerae (1)
- virulence (1)
- viscosity (1)
- vitellogenin (1)
- water stress (1)
- work bee (1)
- worker bee larva (1)
- young work bee (1)
Institut
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (51) (entfernen)
The larvae of the cabbage root fly induce serious damage to cultivated crops of the family Brassicaceae. We here report the biochemical characterisation of neuropeptides from the central nervous system and neurohemal organs, as well as regulatory peptides from enteroendocrine midgut cells of the cabbage maggot. By LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF and chemical labelling with 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate, 38 peptides could be identified, representing major insect peptide families: allatostatin A, allatostatin C, FMRFamide-like peptides, kinin, CAPA peptides, pyrokinins, sNPF, myosuppressin, corazonin, SIFamide, sulfakinins, tachykinins, NPLP1-peptides, adipokinetic hormone and CCHamide 1. We also report a new peptide (Yamide) which appears to be homolog to an amidated eclosion hormone-associated peptide in several Drosophila species. Immunocytochemical characterisation of the distribution of several classes of peptide-immunoreactive neurons and enteroendocrine cells shows a very similar but not identical peptide distribution to Drosophila. Since peptides regulate many vital physiological and behavioural processes such as moulting or feeding, our data may initiate the pharmacological testing and development of new specific peptide-based protection methods against the cabbage root fly and its larva.
BACKGROUND: In the face of growing resistance in malaria parasites to drugs, pharmacological combination therapies are important. There is accumulating evidence that methylene blue (MB) is an effective drug against malaria. Here we explore the biological effects of both MB alone and in combination therapy using modeling and experimental data.
RESULTS: We built a model of the central metabolic pathways in P. falciparum. Metabolic flux modes and their changes under MB were calculated by integrating experimental data (RT-PCR data on mRNAs for redox enzymes) as constraints and results from the YANA software package for metabolic pathway calculations. Several different lines of MB attack on Plasmodium redox defense were identified by analysis of the network effects. Next, chloroquine resistance based on pfmdr/and pfcrt transporters, as well as pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine resistance (by mutations in DHF/DHPS), were modeled in silico. Further modeling shows that MB has a favorable synergism on antimalarial network effects with these commonly used antimalarial drugs.
CONCLUSIONS: Theoretical and experimental results support that methylene blue should, because of its resistance-breaking potential, be further tested as a key component in drug combination therapy efforts in holoendemic areas.
Honeybees can easily be trained to perform different types of discrimination tasks under controlled laboratory conditions. This review describes a range of experiments carried out with free-flying forager honeybees under such conditions. The research done over the past 30 or so years suggests that cognitive abilities (learning and perception) in insects are more intricate and flexible than was originally imagined. It has become apparent that honeybees are capable of a variety of visually guided tasks, involving decision making under challenging situations: this includes simultaneously making use of different sensory modalities, such as vision and olfaction, and learning to use abstract concepts such as “sameness” and “difference.” Many studies have shown that decision making in foraging honeybees is highly flexible. The trained animals learn how to solve a task, and do so with a high accuracy, but when they are presented with a new variation of the task, they apply the learnt rules from the earlier setup to the new situation, and solve the new task as well. Honeybees therefore not only feature a rich behavioral repertoire to choose from, but also make decisions most apt to the current situation. The experiments in this review give an insight into the environmental cues and cognitive resources that are probably highly significant for a forager bee that must continually make decisions regarding patches of resources to be exploited.
We present a quantitative 3D analysis of the motility of the blood parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Digital in-line holographic microscopy has been used to track single cells with high temporal and spatial accuracy to obtain quantitative data on their behavior. Comparing bloodstream form and insect form trypanosomes as well as mutant and wildtype cells under varying external conditions we were able to derive a general two-state-run-and-tumble-model for trypanosome motility. Differences in the motility of distinct strains indicate that adaption of the trypanosomes to their natural environments involves a change in their mode of swimming.
Cryptochromes are conserved flavoprotein receptors found throughout the biological kingdom with diversified roles in plant development and entrainment of the circadian clock in animals. Light perception is proposed to occur through flavin radical formation that correlates with biological activity in vivo in both plants and Drosophila. By contrast, mammalian (Type II) cryptochromes regulate the circadian clock independently of light, raising the fundamental question of whether mammalian cryptochromes have evolved entirely distinct signaling mechanisms. Here we show by developmental and transcriptome analysis that Homo sapiens cryptochrome - 1 (HsCRY1) confers biological activity in transgenic expressing Drosophila in darkness, that can in some cases be further stimulated by light. In contrast to all other cryptochromes, purified recombinant HsCRY1 protein was stably isolated in the anionic radical flavin state, containing only a small proportion of oxidized flavin which could be reduced by illumination. We conclude that animal Type I and Type II cryptochromes may both have signaling mechanisms involving formation of a flavin radical signaling state, and that light independent activity of Type II cryptochromes is a consequence of dark accumulation of this redox form in vivo rather than of a fundamental difference in signaling mechanism.
Physiological Notch Signaling Maintains Bone Homeostasis via RBPjk and Hey Upstream of NFATc1
(2012)
Notch signaling between neighboring cells controls many cell fate decisions in metazoans both during embryogenesis and in postnatal life. Previously, we uncovered a critical role for physiological Notch signaling in suppressing osteoblast differentiation in vivo. However, the contribution of individual Notch receptors and the downstream signaling mechanism have not been elucidated. Here we report that removal of Notch2, but not Notch1, from the embryonic limb mesenchyme markedly increased trabecular bone mass in adolescent mice. Deletion of the transcription factor RBPjk, a mediator of all canonical Notch signaling, in the mesenchymal progenitors but not the more mature osteoblast-lineage cells, caused a dramatic high-bone-mass phenotype characterized by increased osteoblast numbers, diminished bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor pool, and rapid age-dependent bone loss. Moreover, mice deficient in Hey1 and HeyL, two target genes of Notch-RBPjk signaling, exhibited high bone mass. Interestingly, Hey1 bound to and suppressed the NFATc1 promoter, and RBPjk deletion increased NFATc1 expression in bone. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of NFAT alleviated the high-bone-mass phenotype caused by RBPjk deletion. Thus, Notch-RBPjk signaling functions in part through Hey1-mediated inhibition of NFATc1 to suppress osteoblastogenesis, contributing to bone homeostasis in vivo.
HRAS belongs to the RAS genes superfamily. RAS genes are important players in several human tumors and the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs12628 has been shown to contribute to the risk of bladder, colon, gastrointestinal, oral, and thyroid carcinoma. We hypothesized that this SNP may affect the risk of cutaneous melanoma as well. HRAS gene contains a polymorphic region (rs112587690), a repeated hexanucleotide -GGGCCT- located in intron 1. Three alleles of this region, P1, P2, and P3, have been identified that contain two, three, and four repeats of the hexanucleotide, respectively. We investigated the clinical impact of these polymorphisms in a case–control study. A total of 141 melanoma patients and 118 healthy donors from the North America Caucasian population were screened for rs12628 and rs112587690 polymorphisms. Genotypes were assessed by capillary sequencing or fragment analysis, respectively, and rs12628 CC and rs112587690 P1P1 genotypes significantly associated with increased melanoma risk (OR = 3.83, p = 0.003; OR = 11.3, p = 0.033, respectively), while rs112587690 P1P3 frequency resulted significantly higher in the control group (OR = 0.5, p = 0.017). These results suggest that rs12628 C homozygosis may be considered a potential risk factor for melanoma development in the North American population possibly through the linkage to rs112587690.
Background: Combination of oncolytic vaccinia virus therapy with conventional chemotherapy has shown promise for tumor therapy. However, side effects of chemotherapy including thrombocytopenia, still remain problematic. Methods: Here, we describe a novel approach to optimize combination therapy of oncolytic virus and chemotherapy utilizing virus-encoding hyper-IL-6, GLV-1h90, to reduce chemotherapy-associated side effects. Results: We showed that the hyper-IL-6 cytokine was successfully produced by GLV-1h90 and was functional both in cell culture as well as in tumor-bearing animals, in which the cytokine-producing vaccinia virus strain was well tolerated. When combined with the chemotherapeutic mitomycin C, the anti-tumor effect of the oncolytic virotherapy was significantly enhanced. Moreover, hyper-IL-6 expression greatly reduced the time interval during which the mice suffered from chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Therefore, future clinical application would benefit from careful investigation of additional cytokine treatment to reduce chemotherapy-induced side effects.
Recently, several classifiers that combine primary tumor data, like gene expression data, and secondary data sources, such as protein-protein interaction networks, have been proposed for predicting outcome in breast cancer. In these approaches, new composite features are typically constructed by aggregating the expression levels of several genes. The secondary data sources are employed to guide this aggregation. Although many studies claim that these approaches improve classification performance over single genes classifiers, the gain in performance is difficult to assess. This stems mainly from the fact that different breast cancer data sets and validation procedures are employed to assess the performance. Here we address these issues by employing a large cohort of six breast cancer data sets as benchmark set and by performing an unbiased evaluation of the classification accuracies of the different approaches. Contrary to previous claims, we find that composite feature classifiers do not outperform simple single genes classifiers. We investigate the effect of (1) the number of selected features; (2) the specific gene set from which features are selected; (3) the size of the training set and (4) the heterogeneity of the data set on the performance of composite feature and single genes classifiers. Strikingly, we find that randomization of secondary data sources, which destroys all biological information in these sources, does not result in a deterioration in performance of composite feature classifiers. Finally, we show that when a proper correction for gene set size is performed, the stability of single genes sets is similar to the stability of composite feature sets. Based on these results there is currently no reason to prefer prognostic classifiers based on composite features over single genes classifiers for predicting outcome in breast cancer.
Tardigrades have fascinated researchers for more than 300 years because of their extraordinary capability to undergo cryptobiosis and survive extreme environmental conditions. However, the survival mechanisms of tardigrades are still poorly understood mainly due to the absence of detailed knowledge about the proteome and genome of these organisms. Our study was intended to provide a basis for the functional characterization of expressed proteins in different states of tardigrades. High-throughput, high-accuracy proteomics in combination with a newly developed tardigrade specific protein database resulted in the identification of more than 3000 proteins in three different states: early embryonic state and adult animals in active and anhydrobiotic state. This comprehensive proteome resource includes protein families such as chaperones, antioxidants, ribosomal proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, transporters, protein channels, nutrient reservoirs, and developmental proteins. A comparative analysis of protein families in the different states was performed by calculating the exponentially modified protein abundance index which classifies proteins in major and minor components. This is the first step to analyzing the proteins involved in early embryonic development, and furthermore proteins which might play an important role in the transition into the anhydrobiotic state.