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Introduction: Therapeutic options in advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have markedly improved since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). We
aimed to assess the role of metabolic imaging using 2-deoxy-2-(\(^{18}\)F)fluoro-D-glucose (\(^{18}\)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) shortly before and 3 months after initiation of TKI treatment.
Methods: Eighteen patients with advanced and progressive MTC scheduled for vandetanib treatment underwent baseline \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT prior to and 3 months after TKI treatment initiation. During follow-up, CT scans were performed every 3 months and analyzed according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST). The predictive value for estimating progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was examined by investigating \(^{18}\)F-FDG mean/maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmean/max) of the metabolically most active lesion as well as by analyzing clinical parameters (tumor marker doubling times {calcitonin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)}, prior therapies, RET (rearranged during transfection) mutational status, and disease type).
Results: Within a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 9 patients experienced disease progression after a median time interval of 2.1y whereas the remainder had ongoing disease control (n=5 partial response and n=4 stable disease). Eight of the 9 patients with progressive disease died from MTC after a median of 3.5y after TKI initiation.
Pre-therapeutic SUVmean >4.0 predicted a significantly shorter PFS (PFS: 1.9y vs. 5.2y; p=0.04). Furthermore, sustained high 18F-FDG uptake at 3 months with a SUVmean>2.8 tended to portend an unfavorable prognosis with a PFS of 1.9y (vs. 3.5y; p=0.3). Prolonged CEA doubling times were significantly correlated with longer PFS (r=0.7) and OS (r=0.76, p<0.01, respectively). None of the other clinical parameters had prognostic significance.
Conclusions: Pre-therapeutic \(^{18}\)F-FDG PET/CT holds prognostic information in patients with advanced MTC scheduled for treatment with the TKI vandetanib. Low tumor metabolism of SUVmean < 4.0 prior to treatment predicts longer progression-free survival.
Chronisch nierenkranke Menschen weisen im Vergleich zur gesunden Allgemeinbevölkerung eine stark erhöhte Prävalenz für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen auf. Die jährliche kardiovaskuläre Mortalität ist nach statistischer Korrektur des Mortalitätsrisikos für Alter, Geschlecht und Diabetes mellitus um 10 bis 20fach höher als in der gesunden Bevölkerung. Chronische Inflammationsprozesse spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der Atherogenese und stehen in enger Assoziation zum erhöhten kardiovaskulären Risiko sowie zur erhöhten kardiovaskulären Mortalität. Akutphaseproteinen - insbesondere dem C-reaktiven Protein - kommen als Marker chronischer Inflammationsprozesse in der Prädiktion kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Bisherige Studien führen zum Ergebnis einer 35 – 40 %igen Heritabilität des CRP-Baselinespiegels und weisen Interleukin-6 als zentralen Regulator der CRP-Genexpression bzw. der Akutphase-Reaktion aus. Unter Berücksichtigung der genannten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse resultierte die Aufgabenstellung dieser Arbeit in der Untersuchung des Interleukin-6 –174 G->C Poly-morphismus hinsichtlich seines vorstellbaren Einflusses auf die Akutphase-Reaktion in einem chronisch nierenkranken, nicht dialysepflichtigen Patientenkollektiv (n = 224). Die Genotypisierung erfolgte durch Heteroduplexanalyse. In der Zusammenschau lassen die erzielten Resultate aus der Sicht eines kodominanten bzw. dominant-rezessiven Modells den Schluss zu, dass der Interleukin-6 –174 G->C Polymorphismus keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Modulation der Akutphase-Reaktion sowie auf ein erhöhtes kardiovaskuläres Risiko nimmt. Ein signifikanter Zusammenhang konnte allerdings zwischen bestehender koronarer Herzkrankheit bzw. peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit und erhöhten CRP-, Fibrinogen-, Kreatinin-, Harnstoff-Spiegeln bzw. erniedrigter Kreatininclearance nachgewiesen werden.
\(^{11}\)C-methionine-PET in multiple myeloma: a combined study from two different institutions
(2017)
\(^{11}\)C-methionine (MET) has recently emerged as an accurate marker of tumor burden and disease activity in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This dual-center study aimed at further corroboration of the superiority of MET as positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for staging and re-staging MM, as compared to \(^{18}\)F-2`-deoxy-2`-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG).
78 patients with a history of solitary plasmacytoma (n=4), smoldering MM (SMM, n=5), and symptomatic MM (n=69) underwent both MET- and FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) at the University Centers of Würzburg, Germany and Navarra, Spain. Scans were compared on a patient and on a lesion basis. Inter-reader agreement was also evaluated. In 2 patients, tumor biopsies for verification of discordant imaging results were available.
MET-PET detected focal lesions (FL) in 59/78 subjects (75.6%), whereas FDG-PET/CT showed lesions in only 47 patients (60.3%; p<0.01), accordingly disease activity would have been missed in 12 patients. Directed biopsies of discordant results confirmed MET-PET/CT results in both cases.
MET depicted more FL in 44 patients (56.4%; p<0.01), whereas in two patients (2/78), FDG proved superior. In the remainder (41.0%, 32/78), both tracers yielded comparable results. Inter-reader agreement for MET was higher than for FDG (κ = 0.82 vs κ = 0.72).
This study demonstrates higher sensitivity of MET in comparison to standard FDG to detect intra- and extramedullary MM including histologic evidence of FDG-negative, viable disease exclusively detectable by MET-PET/CT. MET holds the potential to replace FDG as functional imaging standard for staging and re-staging of MM.