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Institute
Ferreira, Manuel A. ; Gamazon, Eric R. ; Al-Ejeh, Fares ; Aittomäki, Kristiina ; Andrulis, Irene L. ; Anton-Culver, Hoda ; Arason, Adalgeir ; Arndt, Volker ; Aronson, Kristan J. ; Arun, Banu K. ; Asseryanis, Ella ; Azzollini, Jacopo ; Balmaña, Judith ; Barnes, Daniel R. ; Barrowdale, Daniel ; Beckmann, Matthias W. ; Behrens, Sabine ; Benitez, Javier ; Bermisheva, Marina ; Bialkowska, Katarzyna ; Blomqvist, Carl ; Bogdanova, Natalia V. ; Bojesen, Stig E. ; Bolla, Manjeet K. ; Borg, Ake ; Brauch, Hiltrud ; Brenner, Hermann ; Broeks, Annegien ; Burwinkel, Barbara ; Caldés, Trinidad ; Caligo, Maria A. ; Campa, Daniele ; Campbell, Ian ; Canzian, Federico ; Carter, Jonathan ; Carter, Brian D. ; Castelao, Jose E. ; Chang-Claude, Jenny ; Chanock, Stephen J. ; Christiansen, Hans ; Chung, Wendy K. ; Claes, Kathleen B. M. ; Clarke, Christine L. ; Couch, Fergus J. ; Cox, Angela ; Cross, Simon S. ; Czene, Kamila ; Daly, Mary B. ; de la Hoya, Miguel ; Dennis, Joe ; Devilee, Peter ; Diez, Orland ; Dörk, Thilo ; Dunning, Alison M. ; Dwek, Miriam ; Eccles, Diana M. ; Ejlertsen, Bent ; Ellberg, Carolina ; Engel, Christoph ; Eriksson, Mikael ; Fasching, Peter A. ; Fletcher, Olivia ; Flyger, Henrik ; Friedman, Eitan ; Frost, Debra ; Gabrielson, Marike ; Gago-Dominguez, Manuela ; Ganz, Patricia A. ; Gapstur, Susan M. ; Garber, Judy ; García-Closas, Montserrat ; García-Sáenz, José A. ; Gaudet, Mia M. ; Giles, Graham G. ; Glendon, Gord ; Godwin, Andrew K. ; Goldberg, Mark S. ; Goldgar, David E. ; González-Neira, Anna ; Greene, Mark H. ; Gronwald, Jacek ; Guenél, Pascal ; Haimann, Christopher A. ; Hall, Per ; Hamann, Ute ; He, Wei ; Heyworth, Jane ; Hogervorst, Frans B. L. ; Hollestelle, Antoinette ; Hoover, Robert N. ; Hopper, John L. ; Hulick, Peter J. ; Humphreys, Keith ; Imyanitov, Evgeny N. ; Isaacs, Claudine ; Jakimovska, Milena ; Jakubowska, Anna ; James, Paul A. ; Janavicius, Ramunas ; Jankowitz, Rachel C. ; John, Esther M. ; Johnson, Nichola ; Joseph, Vijai ; Karlan, Beth Y. ; Khusnutdinova, Elza ; Kiiski, Johanna I. ; Ko, Yon-Dschun ; Jones, Michael E. ; Konstantopoulou, Irene ; Kristensen, Vessela N. ; Laitman, Yael ; Lambrechts, Diether ; Lazaro, Conxi ; Leslie, Goska ; Lester, Jenny ; Lesueur, Fabienne ; Lindström, Sara ; Long, Jirong ; Loud, Jennifer T. ; Lubiński, Jan ; Makalic, Enes ; Mannermaa, Arto ; Manoochehri, Mehdi ; Margolin, Sara ; Maurer, Tabea ; Mavroudis, Dimitrios ; McGuffog, Lesley ; Meindl, Alfons ; Menon, Usha ; Michailidou, Kyriaki ; Miller, Austin ; Montagna, Marco ; Moreno, Fernando ; Moserle, Lidia ; Mulligan, Anna Marie ; Nathanson, Katherine L. ; Neuhausen, Susan L. ; Nevanlinna, Heli ; Nevelsteen, Ines ; Nielsen, Finn C. ; Nikitina-Zake, Liene ; Nussbaum, Robert L. ; Offit, Kenneth ; Olah, Edith ; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. ; Olsson, Håkan ; Osorio, Ana ; Papp, Janos ; Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won ; Parsons, Michael T. ; Pedersen, Inge Sokilde ; Peixoto, Ana ; Peterlongo, Paolo ; Pharaoh, Paul D. P. ; Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana ; Poppe, Bruce ; Presneau, Nadege ; Radice, Paolo ; Rantala, Johanna ; Rennert, Gad ; Risch, Harvey A. ; Saloustros, Emmanouil ; Sanden, Kristin ; Sawyer, Elinor J. ; Schmidt, Marjanka K. ; Schmutzler, Rita K. ; Sharma, Priyanka ; Shu, Xiao-Ou ; Simard, Jaques ; Singer, Christian F. ; Soucy, Penny ; Southey, Melissa C. ; Spinelli, John J. ; Spurdle, Amanda B. ; Stone, Jennifer ; Swerdlow, Anthony J. ; Tapper, William J. ; Taylor, Jack A. ; Teixeira, Manuel R. ; Terry, Mary Beth ; Teulé, Alex ; Thomassen, Mads ; Thöne, Kathrin ; Thull, Darcy L. ; Tischkowitz, Marc ; Toland, Amanda E. ; Torres, Diana ; Truong, Thérèse ; Tung, Nadine ; Vachon, Celine M. ; van Asperen, Christi J. ; van den Ouweland, Ans M. W. ; van Rensburg, Elizabeth J. ; Vega, Ana ; Viel, Alexandra ; Wang, Qin ; Wappenschmidt, Barbara ; Weitzel, Jeffrey N. ; Wendt, Camilla ; Winqvist, Robert ; Yang, Xiaohong R. ; Yannoukakos, Drakoulis ; Ziogas, Argyrios ; Kraft, Peter ; Antoniou, Antonis C. ; Zheng, Wei ; Easton, Douglas F. ; Milne, Roger L. ; Beesley, Jonathan ; Chenevix-Trench, Georgia
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 170 breast cancer susceptibility loci. Here we hypothesize that some risk-associated variants might act in non-breast tissues, specifically adipose tissue and immune cells from blood and spleen. Using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) reported in these tissues, we identify 26 previously unreported, likely target genes of overall breast cancer risk variants, and 17 for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, several with a known immune function. We determine the directional effect of gene expression on disease risk measured based on single and multiple eQTL. In addition, using a gene-based test of association that considers eQTL from multiple tissues, we identify seven (and four) regions with variants associated with overall (and ER-negative) breast cancer risk, which were not reported in previous GWAS. Further investigation of the function of the implicated genes in breast and immune cells may provide insights into the etiology of breast cancer.
Couch, Fergus J. ; Wang, Xianshu ; McGuffog, Lesley ; Lee, Andrew ; Olswold, Curtis ; Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B. ; Soucy, Penny ; Fredericksen, Zachary ; Barrowdale, Daniel ; Dennis, Joe ; Gaudet, Mia M. ; Dicks, Ed ; Kosel, Matthew ; Healey, Sue ; Sinilnikova, Olga M. ; Lee, Adam ; Bacot, Françios ; Vincent, Daniel ; Hogervorst, Frans B. L. ; Peock, Susan ; Stoppa-Lyonnet, Dominique ; Jakubowska, Anna ; Radice, Paolo ; Schmutzler, Rita Katharina ; Domchek, Susan M. ; Piedmonte, Marion ; Singer, Christian F. ; Friedman, Eitan ; Thomassen, Mads ; Hansen, Thomas V. O. ; Neuhausen, Susan L. ; Szabo, Csilla I. ; Blanco, Ingnacio ; Greene, Mark H. ; Karlan, Beth Y. ; Garber, Judy ; Phelan, Catherine M. ; Weitzel, Jeffrey N. ; Montagna, Marco ; Olah, Edith ; Andrulis, Irene L. ; Godwin, Andrew K. ; Yannoukakos, Drakoulis ; Goldgar, David E. ; Caldes, Trinidad ; Nevanlinna, Heli ; Osorio, Ana ; Terry, Mary Beth ; Daly, Mary B. ; van Rensburg, Elisabeth J. ; Hamann, Ute ; Ramus, Susan J. ; Toland, Amanda Ewart ; Caligo, Maria A. ; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. ; Tung, Nadine ; Claes, Kathleen ; Beattie, Mary S. ; Southey, Melissa C. ; Imyanitov, Evgeny N. ; Tischkowitz, Marc ; Janavicius, Ramunas ; John, Esther M. ; Kwong, Ava ; Diez, Orland ; Kwong, Ava ; Balmaña, Judith ; Barkardottir, Rosa B. ; Arun, Banu K. ; Rennert, Gad ; Teo, Soo-Hwang ; Ganz, Patricia A. ; Campbell, Ian ; van der Hout, Annemarie H. ; van Deurzen, Carolien H. M. ; Seynaeve, Caroline ; Garcia, Encarna B. Gómez ; van Leeuwen, Flora E. ; Meijers-Heijboer, Hanne E. J. ; Gille, Johannes J. P. ; Ausems, Magreet G. E. M. ; Blok, Marinus J. ; Ligtenberg, Marjolinjin J. L. ; Rookus, Matti A. ; Devilee, Peter ; Verhoef, Senno ; van Os, Theo A. M. ; Wijnen, Juul T. ; Frost, Debra ; Ellis, Steve ; Fineberg, Elena ; Platte, Radke ; Evans, D. Gareth ; Izatt, Luise ; Eeles, Rosalind A. ; Adlard, Julian ; Eccles, Diana M. ; Cook, Jackie ; Brewer, Carole ; Douglas, Fiona ; Hodgson, Shirley ; Morrison, Patrick J. ; Side, Lucy E. ; Donaldson, Alan ; Houghton, Catherine ; Rogers, Mark T. ; Dorkins, Huw ; Eason, Jacqueline ; Gregory, Helen ; McCann, Emma ; Murray, Alex ; Calender, Alain ; Hardouin, Agnès ; Berthet, Pascaline ; Delnatte, Capucine ; Nogues, Catherine ; Lasset, Christine ; Houdayer, Claude ; Leroux,, Dominique ; Rouleau, Etienne ; Prieur, Fabienne ; Damiola, Francesca ; Sobol, Hagay ; Coupier, Isabelle ; Venat-Bouvet, Laurence ; Castera, Laurent ; Gauthier-Villars, Marion ; Léoné, Mélanie ; Pujol, Pascal ; Mazoyer, Sylvie ; Bignon, Yves-Jean ; Zlowocka-Perlowska, Elzbieta ; Gronwald, Jacek ; Lubinski,, Jan ; Durda, Katarzyna ; Jaworska, Katarzyna ; Huzarski, Tomasz ; Spurdle, Amanda B. ; Viel, Alessandra ; Peissel, Bernhard ; Bonanni, Bernardo ; Melloni, Guilia ; Ottini, Laura ; Papi, Laura ; Varesco, Liliana ; Tibiletti, Maria Grazia ; Peterlongo, Paolo ; Volorio, Sara ; Manoukian, Siranoush ; Pensotti, Valeria ; Arnold, Norbert ; Engel, Christoph ; Deissler, Helmut ; Gadzicki, Dorothea ; Gehrig, Andrea ; Kast, Karin ; Rhiem, Kerstin ; Meindl, Alfons ; Niederacher, Dieter ; Ditsch, Nina ; Plendl, Hansjoerg ; Preisler-Adams, Sabine ; Engert, Stefanie ; Sutter, Christian ; Varon-Mateeva, Raymenda ; Wappenschmidt, Barbara ; Weber, Bernhard H. F. ; Arver, Brita ; Stenmark-Askmalm, Marie ; Loman, Niklas ; Rosenquist, Richard ; Einbeigi, Zakaria ; Nathanson, Katherine L. ; Rebbeck, Timothy R. ; Blank, Stephanie V. ; Cohn, David E. ; Rodriguez, Gustavo C. ; Small, Laurie ; Friedlander, Michael ; Bae-Jump, Victoria L. ; Fink-Retter, Anneliese ; Rappaport, Christine ; Gschwantler-Kaulich, Daphne ; Pfeiler, Georg ; Tea, Muy-Kheng ; Lindor, Noralane M. ; Kaufman, Bella ; Paluch, Shani Shimon ; Laitman, Yael ; Skytte, Anne-Bine ; Gerdes, Anne-Marie ; Pedersen, Inge Sokilde ; Moeller, Sanne Traasdahl ; Kruse, Torben A. ; Jensen, Uffe Birk ; Vijai, Joseph ; Sarrel, Kara ; Robson, Mark ; Kauff, Noah ; Mulligan, Anna Marie ; Glendon, Gord ; Ozcelik, Hilmi ; Ejlertsen, Bent ; Nielsen, Finn C. ; Jønson, Lars ; Andersen, Mette K. ; Ding, Yuan Chun ; Steele, Linda ; Foretova, Lenka ; Teulé, Alex ; Lazaro, Conxi ; Brunet, Joan ; Pujana, Miquel Angel ; Mai, Phuong L. ; Loud, Jennifer T. ; Walsh, Christine ; Lester, Jenny ; Orsulic, Sandra ; Narod, Steven A. ; Herzog, Josef ; Sand, Sharon R. ; Tognazzo, Silvia ; Agata, Simona ; Vaszko, Tibor ; Weaver, Joellen ; Stravropoulou, Alexandra V. ; Buys, Saundra S. ; Romero, Atocha ; de la Hoya, Miguel ; Aittomäki, Kristiina ; Muranen, Taru A. ; Duran, Mercedes ; Chung, Wendy K. ; Lasa, Adriana ; Dorfling, Cecilia M. ; Miron, Alexander ; Benitez, Javier ; Senter, Leigha ; Huo, Dezheng ; Chan, Salina B. ; Sokolenko, Anna P. ; Chiquette, Jocelyne ; Tihomirova, Laima ; Friebel, Tara M. ; Agnarsson, Bjarne A. ; Lu, Karen H. ; Lejbkowicz, Flavio ; James, Paul A. ; Hall, Per ; Dunning, Alison M. ; Tessier, Daniel ; Cunningham, Julie ; Slager, Susan L. ; Chen, Wang ; Hart, Steven ; Stevens, Kristen ; Simard, Jacques ; Pastinen, Tomi ; Pankratz, Vernon S. ; Offit, Kenneth ; Easton, Douglas F. ; Chenevix-Trench, Georgia ; Antoniou, Antonis C.
BRCA1-associated breast and ovarian cancer risks can be modified by common genetic variants. To identify further cancer risk-modifying loci, we performed a multi-stage GWAS of 11,705 BRCA1 carriers (of whom 5,920 were diagnosed with breast and 1,839 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer), with a further replication in an additional sample of 2,646 BRCA1 carriers. We identified a novel breast cancer risk modifier locus at 1q32 for BRCA1 carriers (rs2290854, P = 2.7 x 10(-8), HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.20). In addition, we identified two novel ovarian cancer risk modifier loci: 17q21.31 (rs17631303, P = 1.4 x 10(-8), HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38) and 4q32.3 (rs4691139, P = 3.4 x 10(-8), HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.17-1.38). The 4q32.3 locus was not associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population or BRCA2 carriers, suggesting a BRCA1-specific association. The 17q21.31 locus was also associated with ovarian cancer risk in 8,211 BRCA2 carriers (P = 2 x 10(-4)). These loci may lead to an improved understanding of the etiology of breast and ovarian tumors in BRCA1 carriers. Based on the joint distribution of the known BRCA1 breast cancer risk-modifying loci, we estimated that the breast cancer lifetime risks for the 5% of BRCA1 carriers at lowest risk are 28%-50% compared to 81%-100% for the 5% at highest risk. Similarly, based on the known ovarian cancer risk-modifying loci, the 5% of BRCA1 carriers at lowest risk have an estimated lifetime risk of developing ovarian cancer of 28% or lower, whereas the 5% at highest risk will have a risk of 63% or higher. Such differences in risk may have important implications for risk prediction and clinical management for BRCA1 carriers.
Dörk, Thilo ; Peterlongo, Peter ; Mannermaa, Arto ; Bolla, Manjeet K. ; Wang, Qin ; Dennis, Joe ; Ahearn, Thomas ; Andrulis, Irene L. ; Anton-Culver, Hoda ; Arndt, Volker ; Aronson, Kristan J. ; Augustinsson, Annelie ; Beane Freeman, Laura E. ; Beckmann, Matthias W. ; Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia ; Behrens, Sabine ; Bermisheva, Marina ; Blomqvist, Carl ; Bogdanova, Natalia V. ; Bojesen, Stig E. ; Brauch, Hiltrud ; Brenner, Hermann ; Burwinkel, Barbara ; Canzian, Federico ; Chan, Tsun L. ; Chang-Claude, Jenny ; Chanock, Stephen J. ; Choi, Ji-Yeob ; Christiansen, Hans ; Clarke, Christine L. ; Couch, Fergus J. ; Czene, Kamila ; Daly, Mary B. ; dos-Santos-Silva, Isabel ; Dwek, Miriam ; Eccles, Diana M. ; Ekici, Arif B. ; Eriksson, Mikael ; Evans, D. Gareth ; Fasching, Peter A. ; Figueroa, Jonine ; Flyger, Henrik ; Fritschi, Lin ; Gabrielson, Marike ; Gago-Dominguez, Manuela ; Gao, Chi ; Gapstur, Susan M. ; García-Closas, Montserrat ; García-Sáenz, José A. ; Gaudet, Mia M. ; Giles, Graham G. ; Goldberg, Mark S. ; Goldgar, David E. ; Guenél, Pascal ; Haeberle, Lothar ; Haimann, Christopher A. ; Håkansson, Niclas ; Hall, Per ; Hamann, Ute ; Hartman, Mikael ; Hauke, Jan ; Hein, Alexander ; Hillemanns, Peter ; Hogervorst, Frans B. L. ; Hooning, Maartje J. ; Hopper, John L. ; Howell, Tony ; Huo, Dezheng ; Ito, Hidemi ; Iwasaki, Motoki ; Jakubowska, Anna ; Janni, Wolfgang ; John, Esther M. ; Jung, Audrey ; Kaaks, Rudolf ; Kang, Daehee ; Kapoor, Pooja Middha ; Khusnutdinova, Elza ; Kim, Sung-Won ; Kitahara, Cari M. ; Koutros, Stella ; Kraft, Peter ; Kristensen, Vessela N. ; Kwong, Ava ; Lambrechts, Diether ; Le Marchand, Loic ; Li, Jingmei ; Lindström, Sara ; Linet, Martha ; Lo, Wing-Yee ; Long, Jirong ; Lophatananon, Artitaya ; Lubiński, Jan ; Manoochehri, Mehdi ; Manoukian, Siranoush ; Margolin, Sara ; Martinez, Elena ; Matsuo, Keitaro ; Mavroudis, Dimitris ; Meindl, Alfons ; Menon, Usha ; Milne, Roger L. ; Mohd Taib, Nur Aishah ; Muir, Kenneth ; Mulligan, Anna Marie ; Neuhausen, Susan L. ; Nevanlinna, Heli ; Neven, Patrick ; Newman, William G. ; Offit, Kenneth ; Olopade, Olufunmilayo I. ; Olshan, Andrew F. ; Olson, Janet E. ; Olsson, Håkan ; Park, Sue K. ; Park-Simon, Tjoung-Won ; Peto, Julian ; Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana ; Pohl-Rescigno, Esther ; Presneau, Nadege ; Rack, Brigitte ; Radice, Paolo ; Rashid, Muhammad U. ; Rennert, Gad ; Rennert, Hedy S. ; Romero, Atocha ; Ruebner, Matthias ; Saloustros, Emmanouil ; Schmidt, Marjanka K. ; Schmutzler, Rita K. ; Schneider, Michael O. ; Schoemaker, Minouk J. ; Scott, Christopher ; Shen, Chen-Yang ; Shu, Xiao-Ou ; Simard, Jaques ; Slager, Susan ; Smichkoska, Snezhana ; Southey, Melissa C. ; Spinelli, John J. ; Stone, Jennifer ; Surowy, Harald ; Swerdlow, Anthony J. ; Tamimi, Rulla M. ; Tapper, William J. ; Teo, Soo H. ; Terry, Mary Beth ; Toland, Amanda E. ; Tollenaar, Rob A. E. M. ; Torres, Diana ; Torres-Mejía, Gabriela ; Troester, Melissa A. ; Truong, Thérèse ; Tsugane, Shoichiro ; Untch, Michael ; Vachon, Celine M. ; van den Ouweland, Ans M. W. ; van Veen, Elke M. ; Vijai, Joseph ; Wendt, Camilla ; Wolk, Alicja ; Yu, Jyh-Cherng ; Zheng, Wei ; Ziogas, Argyrios ; Ziv, Elad ; Dunnig, Alison ; Pharaoh, Paul D. P. ; Schindler, Detlev ; Devilee, Peter ; Easton, Douglas F.
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder with 22 disease-causing genes reported to date. In some FA genes, monoallelic mutations have been found to be associated with breast cancer risk, while the risk associations of others remain unknown. The gene for FA type C, FANCC, has been proposed as a breast cancer susceptibility gene based on epidemiological and sequencing studies. We used the Oncoarray project to genotype two truncating FANCC variants (p.R185X and p.R548X) in 64,760 breast cancer cases and 49,793 controls of European descent. FANCC mutations were observed in 25 cases (14 with p.R185X, 11 with p.R548X) and 26 controls (18 with p.R185X, 8 with p.R548X). There was no evidence of an association with the risk of breast cancer, neither overall (odds ratio 0.77, 95%CI 0.44–1.33, p = 0.4) nor by histology, hormone receptor status, age or family history. We conclude that the breast cancer risk association of these two FANCC variants, if any, is much smaller than for BRCA1, BRCA2 or PALB2 mutations. If this applies to all truncating variants in FANCC it would suggest there are differences between FA genes in their roles on breast cancer risk and demonstrates the merit of large consortia for clarifying risk associations of rare variants.
Norrmen, Camilla ; Figlia, Gianluca ; Lebrun-Julien, Frederic ; Pereira, Jorge A. ; Trötzmüller, Martin ; Köfeler, Harald C. ; Rantanen, Ville ; Wessig, Carsten ; van Deijk, Anne-Lieke F. ; Smit, August B. ; Verheijen, Mark H. G. ; Rüegg, Markus A. ; Hall, Michael N. ; Suter, Ueli
Myelin formation during peripheral nervous system (PNS) development, and reformation after injury and in disease, requires multiple intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Akt/mTOR signaling has emerged as a major player involved, but the molecular mechanisms and downstream effectors are virtually unknown. Here, we have used Schwann-cell-specific conditional gene ablation of raptor and rictor, which encode essential components of the mTOR complexes 1 (mTORC1) and 2 (mTORC2), respectively, to demonstrate that mTORC1 controls PNS myelination during development. In this process, mTORC1 regulates lipid biosynthesis via sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). This course of action is mediated by the nuclear receptor RXRg, which transcriptionally regulates SREBP1c downstream of mTORC1. Absence of mTORC1 causes delayed myelination initiation as well as hypomyelination, together with abnormal lipid composition and decreased nerve conduction velocity. Thus, we have identified the mTORC1-RXR gamma-SREBP axis controlling lipid biosynthesis as a major contributor to proper peripheral nerve function.
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