Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (8)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (8)
Document Type
- Journal article (7)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Keywords
- Parkinson's disease (2)
- cervical dystonia (2)
- deep brain stimulation (2)
- subthalamic nucleus (2)
- Alkoholismus (1)
- Amplitude (1)
- Arbeitsgedächtnis (1)
- DBS biomarkers (1)
- DBS programming (1)
- DRD2-Rezeptor-Gen (1)
In dieser Studie sollte die Bedeutung von genetischer Varianz im Gen des Dopaminrezeptors D2 (DRD2) insbesondere für Fehlermonitoring- und Arbeitsgedächtnisprozesse untersucht werden. Vorstudien implizieren die Relevanz der dopaminergen Neurotransmission für diese Systeme und geben Hinweise, dass Defizite in entsprechenden kognitiven Prozessen für psychiatrische Erkrankungen prädisponieren. Daher wurden die Verhaltensdaten in zwei verschiedenen kognitiven Leistungstests, als auch parallel dazu erhobene Messergebnisse von zwei unterschiedlichen bildgebenden Verfahren für drei ausgewählte, vermutlich funktionale Polymorphismen im DRD2-Gen bei 210 gesunden Kontrollprobanden und 39 schizophrenen Patienten untersucht. Auf der Basis der vorhandenen Literatur hypothetisierten wir Risikoallele für die jeweiligen Polymorphismen: Das A-Allel von DRD2 TAQ1A scheint mit einer verminderten striatalen Rezeptordichte verknüpft zu sein. Das Insertionsallel des DRD2 -141C Ins/Del wird mit Schizophrenie in Verbindung gebracht, wogegen allerdings das Deletionsallel wiederholt mit niedrigerer striataler Rezeptordichte assoziiert wurde. Bei DRD2 rs1076560 scheint das T-Allel für defizitäre Performance bei Arbeitsgedächtnis-Tests verantwortlich zu sein. Zudem wurde hier eine geringere Expression der kurzen Splicevariante D2S des Rezeptors nachgewiesen und dies mit verminderter präfrontaler Aktivität assoziiert. Gemeinsam ist allen Risikoallelen eine Prädisposition für Suchterkrankungen. Unser Ziel war es, diese Risikokonstellationen in unseren Untersuchungen zu replizieren. Das Fehlermonitoring und seine Korrelate Error-related negativity (ERN) und Error-related positivity (PE) wurden in einer EEG-Studie untersucht, in der sich 170 Probanden einem sog. Eriksen-Flanker-Task unterzogen. Eine Stichprobe von 39 Patienten mit schizophrenen Psychosen und eine gesunde Kontrollgruppe (n=40) unterzogen sich dem N-Back-Task zur Testung des Arbeitsgedächtnisses. Zusätzlich wurden dabei in einer funktionellen NIRS-Untersuchung Messwerte für oxygeniertes und deoxygeniertes Hämoglobin zur Erfassung der cerebralen Aktivität ermittelt. Wir gingen von der Hypothese aus, dass die Träger der Risikoallele Defizite bei den kognitiven Aufgaben zeigen und sich zusätzlich Veränderungen der Gehirnaktivität nachweisen lassen, die auf Basis der Theorie der neurovaskulären Kopplung als reduzierte Aktivierung interpretiert werden können. Leider konnten die meisten der Hypothesen nicht bestätigt werden. Für DRD2 TAQ1A konnte in der NIRS-Messung lediglich für die Deoxygenierung eine geringere cerebrale Aktivität bei Vorliegen des Risikoallels festgestellt werden, dies allerdings nur rechtsseitig und in der Patientengruppe. Für das Fehlermonitoring konnten keine signifikanten Ergebnisse ermittelt werden. Beim Insertionsallel des DRD2 -141C Ins/Del (rs1799732) fanden wir eine Verringerung der ERN spezifisch bei fehlerhaften Antworten, sowie zusätzlich stärkere Ausprägungen der Persönlichkeitseigenschaft Neurotizismus bei den Risikoallelträgern. Wir werteten vor allem Erstes als möglicherweise prädisponierend für schizophrene Psychosen bzw. Alkoholabhängigkeit und konnten hier also teilweise unsere Hypothesen bestätigen. Die Auswertung der Daten der NIRS-Messung für den rs1799732 erbrachte keine signifikanten Ergebnisse. Bei DRD2 rs1076560 erreichte die Risikogruppe im N-Back-Test entgegen unserer Erwartung sogar ein besseres Leistungsniveau. Mittels bildgebenden Verfahren zeigten sich keine Gruppenunterschiede. Auch die EEG-Studie erbrachte keine signifikanten Ergebnisse. Die Ergebnisse werden auch unter dem Aspekt der Prädisposition zu Abhängigkeitserkrankungen diskutiert, die für alle drei Polymorphismen zu bestehen scheint. Die von uns gewählte Zuordnung der Risikoallele wurde kritisch bewertet. Für die Inkonsistenz der Befunde wurde eine direkte regulatorische Verknüpfung von TAQ1A mit der striatalen Rezeptordichte diskutiert. Zusätzlich wurde mit dem Hinweis auf eine Assoziation mit ANKK1 und ihrem regulatorischem Einfluss auf den NF-κB-Signalweg ein mögliches zukünftiges Erklärungsmodell aufgezeigt. Auch ein durch rs1076560 vermittelter Zusammenhang einer gesteigerten Expression der kurzen Splicevariante D2S mit höherer striataler Aktivität wurde in Frage gestellt. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die Bedeutung des dopaminergen Systems und insbesondere des Dopaminrezeptors D2 für die kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit des menschlichen Gehirns und damit auch die Pathophysiologie psychiatrischer Erkrankungen unzweifelhaft bleibt. Jedoch implizieren einige der Ergebnisse komplexere Zusammenhänge zwischen Genotyp und Phänotyp. Anscheinend sind die untersuchten Polymorphismen im DRD2-Gen nicht ausreichend, um Defizite im Fehlermonitoring und Arbeitsgedächtnis zu erklären. Die kombinierte Untersuchung mit anderen Risikogenvarianten im dopaminergen System scheint daher vielversprechender zu sein als eine isolierte Betrachtung von DRD2.
Highlights
• Beta-Guided programming is an innovative approach that may streamline the programming process for PD patients with STN DBS.
• While preliminary findings from our study suggest that Beta Titration may potentially mitigate STN overstimulation and enhance symptom control,
• Our results demonstrate that beta-guided programming significantly reduces programming time, suggesting it could be efficiently integrated into routine clinical practice using a commercially available patient programmer.
Background
Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical outcomes after DBS can be limited by poor programming, which remains a clinically driven, lengthy and iterative process. Electrophysiological recordings in PD patients undergoing STN-DBS have shown an association between STN spectral power in the beta frequency band (beta power) and the severity of clinical symptoms. New commercially-available DBS devices now enable the recording of STN beta oscillations in chronically-implanted PD patients, thereby allowing investigation into the use of beta power as a biomarker for DBS programming.
Objective
To determine the potential advantages of beta-guided DBS programming over clinically and image-guided programming in terms of clinical efficacy and programming time.
Methods
We conducted a randomized, blinded, three-arm, crossover clinical trial in eight Parkinson's patients with STN-DBS who were evaluated three months after DBS surgery. We compared clinical efficacy and time required for each DBS programming paradigm, as well as DBS parameters and total energy delivered between the three strategies (beta-, clinically- and image-guided).
Results
All three programming methods showed similar clinical efficacy, but the time needed for programming was significantly shorter for beta- and image-guided programming compared to clinically-guided programming (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Beta-guided programming may be a useful and more efficient approach to DBS programming in Parkinson's patients with STN-DBS. It takes significantly less time to program than traditional clinically-based programming, while providing similar symptom control. In addition, it is readily available within the clinical DBS programmer, making it a valuable tool for improving current clinical practice.
Topological differences and confounders of mental rotation in cervical dystonia and blepharospasm
(2023)
Mental rotation (mR) bases on imagination of actual movements. It remains unclear whether there is a specific pattern of mR impairment in focal dystonia. We aimed to investigate mR in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) and blepharospasm (BS) and to assess potential confounders. 23 CD patients and 23 healthy controls (HC) as well as 21 BS and 19 hemifacial spasm (HS) patients were matched for sex, age, and education level. Handedness, finger dexterity, general reaction time, and cognitive status were assessed. Disease severity was evaluated by clinical scales. During mR, photographs of body parts (head, hand, or foot) and a non-corporal object (car) were displayed at different angles rotated within their plane. Subjects were asked to judge laterality of the presented image by keystroke. Both speed and correctness were evaluated. Compared to HC, CD and HS patients performed worse in mR of hands, whereas BS group showed comparable performance. There was a significant association of prolonged mR reaction time (RT) with reduced MoCA scores and with increased RT in an unspecific reaction speed task. After exclusion of cognitively impaired patients, increased RT in the mR of hands was confined to CD group, but not HS. While the question of whether specific patterns of mR impairment reliably define a dystonic endophenotype remains elusive, our findings point to mR as a useful tool, when used carefully with control measures and tasks, which may be capable of identifying specific deficits that distinguish between subtypes of dystonia.
Objectives: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) programming is based on clinical response testing. Our clinical pilot trial assessed the feasibility of image-guided programing using software depicting the lead location in a patient-specific anatomical model.
Methods: Parkinson's disease patients with subthalamic nucleus-DBS were randomly assigned to standard clinical-based programming (CBP) or anatomical-based (imaging-guided) programming (ABP) in an 8-week crossover trial. Programming characteristics and clinical outcomes were evaluated.
Results: In 10 patients, both programs led to similar motor symptom control (MDS-UPDRS III) after 4 weeks (medicationOFF/stimulationON; CPB: 18.27 ± 9.23; ABP: 18.37 ± 6.66). Stimulation settings were not significantly different, apart from higher frequency in the baseline program than CBP (p = 0.01) or ABP (p = 0.003). Time spent in a program was not significantly different (CBP: 86.1 ± 29.82%, ABP: 88.6 ± 29.0%). Programing time was significantly shorter (p = 0.039) with ABP (19.78 ± 5.86 min) than CBP (45.22 ± 18.32).
Conclusion: Image-guided DBS programming in PD patients drastically reduces programming time without compromising symptom control and patient satisfaction in this small feasibility trial.
Background: Cervical dystonia is a movement disorder causing abnormal postures and movements of the head. While the exact pathophysiology of cervical dystonia has not yet been fully elucidated, a growing body of evidence points to the cerebellum as an important node.
Methods: Here, we examined the impact of cerebellar interference by transcranial magnetic stimulation on finger-tapping related brain activation and neurophysiological measures of cortical excitability and inhibition in cervical dystonia and controls. Bilateral continuous theta-burst stimulation was used to modulate cerebellar cortical excitability in 16 patients and matched healthy controls. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging arm, data were acquired during simple finger tapping before and after cerebellar stimulation. In a neurophysiological arm, assessment comprised motor-evoked potentials amplitude and cortical silent period duration. Theta-burst stimulation over the dorsal premotor cortex and sham stimulation (neurophysiological arm only) served as control conditions.
Results: At baseline, finger tapping was associated with increased activation in the ipsilateral cerebellum in patients compared to controls. Following cerebellar theta-burst stimulation, this pattern was even more pronounced, along with an additional movement-related activation in the contralateral somatosensory region and angular gyrus. Baseline motor-evoked potential amplitudes were higher and cortical silent period duration shorter in patients compared to controls. After cerebellar theta-burst stimulation, cortical silent period duration increased significantly in dystonia patients.
Conclusion: We conclude that in cervical dystonia, finger movements—though clinically non-dystonic—are associated with increased activation of the lateral cerebellum, possibly pointing to general motor disorganization, which remains subclinical in most body regions. Enhancement of this activation together with an increase of silent period duration by cerebellar continuous theta-burst stimulation may indicate predominant disinhibitory effects on Purkinje cells, eventually resulting in an inhibition of cerebello-thalamocortical circuits.
Background
Increasing attention is payed to the contribution of somatosensory processing in motor control. In particular, temporal somatosensory discrimination has been found to be altered differentially in common movement disorders. To date, there have only been speculations as to how impaired temporal discrimination and clinical motor signs may relate to each other. Prior to disentangling this relationship, potential confounders of temporal discrimination, in particular age and peripheral nerve conduction, should be assessed, and a quantifiable measure of proprioceptive performance should be established.
ObjectiveTo assess the influence of age and polyneuropathy (PNP) on somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT), temporal discrimination movement threshold (TDMT), and behavioral measures of proprioception of upper and lower limbs.
Methods
STDT and TDMT were assessed in 79 subjects (54 healthy, 25 with PNP; age 30–79 years). STDT was tested with surface electrodes over the thenar or dorsal foot region. TDMT was probed with needle electrodes in flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. Goniometer-based devices were used to assess limb proprioception during (i) active pointing to LED markers, (ii) active movements in response to variable visual cues, and (iii) estimation of limb position following passive movements. Pointing (or estimation) error was taken as a measure of proprioceptive performance.
Results
In healthy subjects, higher age was associated with higher STDT and TDMT at upper and lower extremities, while age did not correlate with proprioceptive performance. Patients with PNP showed higher STDT and TDMT values and decreased proprioceptive performance in active pointing tasks compared to matched healthy subjects. As an additional finding, there was a significant correlation between performance in active pointing tasks and temporal discrimination thresholds.
Conclusion
Given their notable impact on measures of temporal discrimination, age and peripheral nerve conduction need to be accounted for if STDT and TDMT are applied in patients with movement disorders. As a side observation, the correlation between measures of proprioception and temporal discrimination may prompt further studies on the presumptive link between these two domains.
LSVT-BIG therapy in Parkinson's disease: physiological evidence for proprioceptive recalibration
(2020)
Background
There is growing evidence for proprioceptive dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The Lee Silvermann Voice Treatment-BIG therapy (LSVT-BIG), a special training program aiming at an increase of movement amplitudes in persons with PD (PwPD), has shown to be effective on motor symptoms. LSVT-BIG is conceptionally based on improving bradykinesia, in particular the decrement of repetitive movements, by proprioceptive recalibration.
Objective
To assess proprioceptive impairment in PwPD as compared to matched controls and to probe potential recalibration effects of the LSVT-BIG therapy on proprioception.
Methods
Proprioceptive performance and fine motor skills were assessed in 30 PwPD and 15 matched controls. Measurements with significant impairment in PwPD were chosen as outcome parameters for a standardized 4 weeks amplitude-based training intervention (LSVT-BIG) in 11 PwPD. Proprioceptive performance served as primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included the motor part of the MDS-UPDRS, the nine-hole-peg test, and a questionnaire on quality of life. Post-interventional assessments were conducted at weeks 4 and 8. Results Compared to the control group, PwPD showed significantly larger pointing errors. After 4 weeks of LSVT-BIG therapy and even more so after an additional 4 weeks of continued training, proprioceptive performance improved significantly. In addition, quality of life improved as indicated by a questionnaire.
Conclusion
LSVT-BIG training may achieve a recalibration of proprioceptive processing in PwPD. Our data indicates a probable physiological mechanism of a symptom-specific, amplitude-based behavioral intervention in PwPD.
(1) Background: The first-line treatment for patients with focal or segmental dystonia with a craniocervical distribution is still the intramuscular injection of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). However, some patients experience primary or secondary treatment failure from this potential immunogenic therapy. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) may then be used as a backup strategy in this situation. (2) Methods: Here, we reviewed the current study literature to answer a specific question regarding the efficacy and safety of the use of DBS, particularly for cervical dystonia (CD) and Meige syndrome (MS) in patients with documented treatment failure under BoNT. (3) Results: There are only two studies with the highest level of evidence in this area. Despite this clear limitation, in the context of the narrowly defined research question of this paper, it is possible to report 161 patients with CD or MS who were included in studies that were able to show a statistically significant reduction in dystonic symptoms using DBS. Safety and tolerability data appeared adequate. However, much of the information is based on retrospective observations. (4) Conclusions: The evidence base in this area is in need of further scientific investigation. Most importantly, more randomized, controlled and double-blind trials are needed, possibly including a head-to-head comparison of DBS and BoNT.