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Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die prognostische Relevanz von allelischen Verlusten der chromosomalen Bereiche 2p16.1-3 und 5q22.2 beim kolorektalen Karzinom zu untersuchen. Genutzt wurden dazu die in diesen chromsomalen Abschnitten lokalisierten Mikrosatellitenmarker D2S123 und D5S346. Untersucht wurden kolorektale Karzinome, die von 2000-2004 von der interdisziplinären Forschungsgruppe Kolonkarzinom Würzburg gesammelt worden sind. Für alle Karzinome standen die klinischen Verlaufsparameter aus dem Tumorzentrum Würzburg zur Verfügung. Analysiert wurden Daten, die mittels eines ABI-Sequencers im Institut für Pathologie erhoben worden sind. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen allelischen Verlusten der Marker D2S123 und D5S346 mit dem Patientenüberleben hergestellt werden kann.
The ERCC4 protein forms a structure-specific endonuclease involved in the DNA damage response. Different cancer syndromes such as a subtype of Xeroderma pigmentosum, XPF, and recently a subtype of Fanconi Anemia, FA-Q, have been attributed to biallelic ERCC4 gene mutations. To investigate whether monoallelic ERCC4 gene defects play some role in the inherited component of breast cancer susceptibility, we sequenced the whole ERCC4 coding region and flanking untranslated portions in a series of 101 Byelorussian and German breast cancer patients selected for familial disease (set 1, n = 63) or for the presence of the rs1800067 risk haplotype (set 2, n = 38). This study confirmed six known and one novel exonic variants, including four missense substitutions but no truncating mutation. Missense substitution p.R415Q (rs1800067), a previously postulated breast cancer susceptibility allele, was subsequently screened for in a total of 3,698 breast cancer cases and 2,868 controls from Germany, Belarus or Russia. The Gln415 allele appeared protective against breast cancer in the German series, with the strongest effect for ductal histology (OR 0.67; 95%CI 0.49; 0.92; p = 0.003), but this association was not confirmed in the other two series, with the combined analysis yielding an overall Mantel-Haenszel OR of 0.94 (95% CI 0.81; 1.08). There was no significant effect of p.R415Q on breast cancer survival in the German patient series. The other three detected ERCC4 missense mutations included two known rare variants as well as a novel substitution, p.E17V, that we identified on a p.R415Q haplotype background. The p.E17V mutation is predicted to be probably damaging but was present in just one heterozygous patient. We conclude that the contribution of ERCC4/FANCQ coding mutations to hereditary breast cancer in Central and Eastern Europe is likely to be small.