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Es war ein wichtiger Meilenstein in der Behandlung der pulmonalarteriellen Hypertonie, als herausgefunden wurde, dass gewisse Patienten mit positivem Vasoreagibilitätstest von einer Langzeittherapie mit Kalziumkanalantagonisten profitieren und eine deutlich erhöhte Lebenserwartung aufweisen. Seit 2018 werden diese Patienten einer eigenen Subklassifikation zugeordnet. Das Augenmerk dieser retrospektiven Studie lag daher insbesondere darauf, welche vasoresponsiven Patienten zur neuen Gruppe der Langzeit-Kalziumkanalblocker-Responder gehören und ob das Konzept der wiederholten Vasoreagibilitätstestungen in diesem Kollektiv umgesetzt wird.
Pulmonary mucosal immune response is critical for preventing opportunistic Aspergillus fumigatus infections. Although fungus‐specific CD4\(^{+}\) T cells in blood are described to reflect the actual host–pathogen interaction status, little is known about Aspergillus‐specific pulmonary T‐cell responses. Here, we exploit the domestic pig as human‐relevant large animal model and introduce antigen‐specific T‐cell enrichment in pigs to address Aspergillus‐specific T cells in the lung compared to peripheral blood. In healthy, environmentally Aspergillus‐exposed pigs, the fungus‐specific T cells are detectable in blood in similar frequencies as observed in healthy humans and exhibit a Th1 phenotype. Exposing pigs to 10\(^{6}\) cfu/m\(^{3}\) conidia induces a long‐lasting accumulation of Aspergillus‐specific Th1 cells locally in the lung and also systemically. Temporary immunosuppression during Aspergillus‐exposure showed a drastic reduction in the lung‐infiltrating antifungal T‐cell responses more than 2 weeks after abrogation of the suppressive treatment. This was reflected in blood, but to a much lesser extent. In conclusion, by using the human‐relevant large animal model the pig, this study highlights that the blood clearly reflects the mucosal fungal‐specific T‐cell reactivity in environmentally exposed as well as experimentally exposed healthy pigs. But, immunosuppression significantly impacts the mucosal site in contrast to the initial systemic immune response.