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The normative use of past tenses is supposed to be a big challenge for learners of Spanish. Although they might understand the grammatical chapter in theory, adequate past tense use in spontaneous oral production is not guaranteed. Morphological errors, overgeneralizations of tenses and interferences with other languages characterize the interlanguage of the learners. Based on two corpuses, we analyse how the past tense use differs between secondary school students from Austria and Romance polyglots. Qualitative and quantitative analyses show that polyglot speakers surpass the secondary school students in some areas such as the distinction of verbal aspect. However, the students tend less to use the perfecto compuesto in an inadequate way in narration.
Der lyrische Triebtäter André Pieyre de Mandiargues Gewalt und Erotik im Gedichtband L’Âge de craie
(2017)
The surrealists are not the only influence on the literary efforts of André Pieyre de Mandiargues – but it’s this influence that makes his oeuvre capable for an analysis based on Freudian theories. This way of an analysis is even more appropriate knowing that two of Mandiargues’ main and favourite themes – the eroticism and the violence – coincide with the Freudian life and destruction drive. Analysing the two poems Les filles des gobes and Les ruines de l’amour from the volume of poems L’Âge de craie, it’s these two paradigms that are clearly recognizable: Mandiargues’ symbolism reveals the duality of the domination by desires.
A New International
(2023)
Within the relatively new area of research on Third Language (L3) Acquisition, the subfield of phonology is growing, but still relatively understudied. Testing the current L3 models adopted from research on L3 syntax (see Rothman 2010, Bardel & Falk 2012, Flynn et al. 2004), the studies conducted in the area have mostly focused on the source and directionality of language transfer – both into the L3 and into the respective background languages – with some recent excursions into the role of extra-linguistic factors for multilingual learners (e.g., Wrembel 2015). The findings so far (mostly on production, with perception lagging behind) have been very diverse and, depending on the concrete study, can often be taken to give evidence for any of the prevalent models. This can be attributed to the wide range of different speaker and learner biographies as well as their language combinations and state of acquisition, but crucially the dilemma seems to be inherent in the (phonological) system in and of itself since viewing phonological interlanguage transfer as a one-dimensional and immediately transparent process based on direct correspondences between language systems does not seem to capture the complex nature of the phenomenon.
In this doctoral thesis I investigate the acquisition of an additional phonological system by child and adult German heritage speakers of Turkish. Specifically, I explore how the learners deal with diverse phonological contrasts that promote positive contra negative transfer from their HL (Turkish) and their L2 (German), and how their perception and production is modulated by cognitive and affective variables. Moreover, I test contrasts that can be found neither in the HL nor in the L2 phonological system.
The studies will shed light both on the question of how a new language is shaped and affected by different existing systems and on how two or more phonological grammars co-exist and/or interact in a speaker’s mind. I will argue that, rather than being regarded as simple full projection of language-specific property sets onto the target language, phonological transfer in multilinguals needs to be considered as a process of complex interactions and layers that are established on the level of individual phonological properties and abstract (typological) associations.
The encounter with non-human animals has always been a major preoccupation in the (philosophical) quest of understanding the human (condition). Of course, they are not only present in literary texts, but also in other media such as music and art. We consider ourselves aware of their selves, natures and skills as well as their sensory perceptions. Indeed, the ways we interact with non-human animals in everyday life and in the fictional world, how we perceive, think and talk about them as well as how we communicate with them are often related to our own self-perceptions in the social collective and in social-historical discourse. If we take a closer look at literary interspecies relations, we can detect clear shades in language and communication. Based on the approaches of Human-Animal Studies, this article deals with those nuances regarding animal-human encounters in Juan Ramón Jiménez’ Platero y yo (1914/1917) and Thomas Mann's Herr und Hund (1919) in a comparative perspective. In addition to this, a special focus is placed on the effect these elements can have on (inter)acting literary subjects as well as on extra-textual recipients.
Das Leben der beiden Autoren Jean Bodin und Michel de Montaigne wurde von den blutigen Auseinandersetzungen der französischen Religionskriege geprägt. Aus diesem Grund besitzt die Religon in ihren Werken eine herausgehobene Stellung. In "Les six livres de la République" von Jean Bodin gründet dieser sein Prinzip der Souveränität auf die Religion. Diese gibt also die Grundregeln des menschlichen Zusammenlebens vor. In seinem Religionsgespräch "Colloqium Heptaplomeres" vertieft Bodin diese Gedanken und entwickelt ein Toleranzkonzept, das die Möglichkeit des Zusammenlebens verschiedener Religionen in einem Staat vorsieht. Die Religion ist bei Jean Bodin also vor allem ein Instrument, um die Gesellschaft zu organisieren. Michel de Montaigne betrachtet in seinen "Essais" die Religion weit kritischer. Für ihn ist sie eine Instanz, die die Menschen trennt anstatt sie zu vereinen. Er warnt vor ihren zerstörerischen Folgen. Gleichwohl entwickelt Montaigne ein Toleranzkonzept, das auf seiner Grundüberzeugung der Gewaltfreiheit beruht. Es zeigt sich, dass beide Autoren die Religion und ihre Nützlichkeit für die Gesellschaft unter verschiedenen Blickwinkeln betrachten.
This paper deals with the origin of the hundred-year old theory of tierras bajas and tierras altas, focusing on the description of vowel weakening within that theory developed in 1921 by Henríquez Ureña. I argue that the early conception of vowel weakening and its dialectal distribution has strongly influenced the kind of research we have been conducting about this phonetic feature to this day. The aim of this study therefore, is to sharpen our understanding of the former zeitgeist of research and to stimulate further big data-based studies on vowel weakening overcoming the traditional dialectal division of tierras bajas and tierras altas.