Abteilung für Parodontologie (in der Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie)
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Various biomaterial combinations have been studied focusing on their ability to stabilize blood clots and maintain space under soft tissue to support new bone formation. A popular combination is Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral (DBBM) placed with a native collagen membrane (NCM) tacked to native bone. In this study, we compared the outcome of this treatment option to those achieved with three different graft/membrane combinations with respect to total newly occupied area and the mineralized compound inside. After bi-lateral extraction of two mandibular premolars in five adult beagles L-shaped alveolar defects were created. A total of 20 defects healed for 6 weeks resulting in chronic type bone defects. At baseline, four options were randomly allocated to five defects each: a. DBBM + NCM with a four-pin fixation across the ridge; b. DBBM + RCLC (ribose cross-linked collagen membrane); c. DBBM + NPPM (native porcine pericardium membrane); and d. Ca-sulfate (CS) + RCLC membrane. Membranes in b/c/d were not fixed; complete tensionless wound closure was achieved by CAF. Termination after 3 months and sampling followed, and non-decalcified processing and toluidine blue staining were applied. Microscopic images obtained at standardized magnification were histomorphometrically assessed by ImageJ software (NIH). An ANOVA post hoc test was applied; histomorphometric data are presented in this paper as medians and interquartile ranges (IRs). All sites healed uneventfully, all sites were sampled and block separation followed before Technovit embedding. Two central sections per block for each group were included. Two of five specimen were lost due to processing error and were excluded from group b. New bone area was significantly greater for option b. compared to a. (p = 0.001), c. (p = 0.002), and d. (p = 0.046). Residual non-bone graft area was significantly less for option d. compared to a. (p = 0.026) or c. (p = 0.021). We conclude that collagen membranes with a prolonged resorption/barrier profile combined with bone substitutes featuring different degradation profiles sufficiently support new bone formation. Tacking strategy/membrane fixation appears redundant when using these biomaterials.
Objectives
To assess tooth discoloration induced by different hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements (HCSCs), including effects of blood and placement method.
Materials and methods
Eighty bovine teeth cut to a length of 18 mm (crown 8 mm, root 10 mm) were randomly assigned to 10 groups (n = 8), receiving orthograde apical plug treatment (APT). Apical plugs were 4 mm in length and made of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply), Medcem MTA (Medcem), TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set Putty (Brasseler), or Medcem Medical Portland Cement (Medcem) plus bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) with and without bovine blood. Further, orthograde (with or without preoperative adhesive coronal dentin sealing) and retrograde APT were compared. Teeth were obturated with gutta-percha and sealer, sealed with composite and stored in distilled water. Tooth color was measured on apical plug, gutta-percha/sealer, and crown surface before treatment versus 24 h, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment by spectrophotometry. Color difference (ΔE) values were calculated and analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA with post hoc tests, Friedman test, t test, and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction (α = .05).
Results
Tooth discoloration occurred in all groups with no significant differences between HCSCs (p > .05). After 24 months, color changes were prominent on roots but insignificant on crowns. Blood contamination induced a significantly decreased luminescence (p < .05). Blood had a stronger impact on tooth color than Bi2O3. No relevant effects of retrograde placement (p > .05) or preoperative dentin sealing (p > .05) were detected.
Conclusions
Apical plugs of the tested HCSCs cause discoloration of bovine roots, but not discoloration of bovine tooth crowns within a 24-month period.
Clinical relevance
APT should be performed carefully while avoiding direct contact with the coronal dentin, and in that case no aesthetic impairments occur.
Objectives
This systematic review assessed the influence of soft tissue augmentation procedures on marginal bone level changes in partial or fully edentulous patients.
Material and Methods
We identified three relevant PICO questions related to soft tissue augmentation procedures and conducted a systematic search of four major electronic databases for clinical studies in systemically healthy patients receiving at least one dental implant and a minimum follow-up of one year after implant placement. The primary outcome was mean difference in marginal bone levels, and secondary outcomes were clinical and patient-related outcomes such as thickness of peri-implant mucosa, bleeding indices, and Pink Esthetic Score.
Results
We identified 20 publications reporting on 16 relevant comparisons. Studies varied considerably and thus only two meta-analyses could be performed. This systematic review showed that:
Soft tissue augmentation either for augmentation of keratinized mucosa or soft tissue volume inconsistently had an effect on marginal bone level changes when compared to no soft tissue augmentation, but consistently improved secondary outcomes.
The combination soft and hard tissue augmentation showed no statistically significant difference in terms of marginal bone level changes when compared to hard tissue augmentation alone, but resulted in less marginal soft tissue recession as shown by a meta-analysis.
Soft or hard tissue augmentation performed as contour augmentations resulted in comparable marginal bone level changes.
Conclusions
Peri-implant soft and hard tissues seem to have a bidirectional relationship: “Bone stands hard, but soft tissue is the guard”.
Diese Studie untersucht den Transmissionsgrad von sichtbarem blauem Licht durch Lithium-Disilikat-verstärkte Keramik in Abhängigkeit von der Schichtstärke, Farbe und Transluzenz. Weiterhin wurde der Einfluss der Oberflächenbehandlung sowie des Zwischenmediums zwischen Lichtleiter und Keramikoberfläche untersucht. Dazu wurden plane Proben mit einer Schichtstärke von 1,25 mm, 2,5 mm, 5 mm, 7,5 mm der Keramik IPS e.max CAD und mit einem Sägemikrotom gesägt und anschließend kristallisiert. Die Messung des Transmissionsgrades des Lichtes eines LED-Lichtgerätes erfolgte mit einem faseroptischen Spektralfotometer. Je dicker, opaker und dunkler eine Keramikprobe ist, desto geringer ist ihr Transmissionsgrad. Die Abnahme des Transmissionsgrades konnte durch das Lambert-Beer‘sche-Gesetz beschrieben werden. Der Einfluss der Reflexion und / oder Streuung an der Oberfläche muss als Absorptionsgrad α miteinbezogen werden. Der Absorptionsgrad α ist von der Oberflächenbehandlung und dem Medium zwischen Lichtleiter und Keramikoberfläche abhängig. Die Durchführung einer multiplen linearen Regressionsanalyse zeigt, dass die Schichtstärke, Transluzenz, Helligkeitsstufen und die Farben einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Transmissionsgrad haben. Den stärksten Einfluss hat die Keramikschichtstärke. Der Transmissionsgrad der Farben B und D unterscheidet sich nicht signifikant vom Transmissionsgrad der Farbe A. Dagegen weist die Keramik der Farbe Bleach einen signifikant höheren und die Keramik der Farbe C einen signifikant niedrigeren Transmissionsgrad auf. Der Absorptionsgrad der glasierten Oberfläche und der Absorptionsgrad bei Belichtung durch die Zwischenmedien ist im Vergleich zum Absorptionsgrad einer gesägten Oberfläche, bzw. bei Belichtung ohne Zwischenmedium signifikant niedriger. Dagegen ist der Unterschied des Absorptionsgrades der polierten Oberfläche zum Absorptionsgrad der gesägten Oberfläche bei Mittelung der Versuche ohne bzw. mit Zwischenmedien knapp nicht signifikant.
Aim
To assess the prevalence and severity of periodontitis in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) and comparing the results with the self‐reported periodontitis awareness of the study subjects.
Material and methods
The periodontal status of 270 patients with moderate CKD randomly selected from a cohort of 5,217 subjects participating in the prospective observational German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) project was analysed by recording bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Furthermore, the awareness of the study subjects of their periodontal conditions was evaluated by a self‐reported questionnaire.
Results
24.4% of the CKD study patients showed no or only mild signs of periodontal disease, 47.6% displayed moderate and 27% severe periodontitis. Questionnaire data revealed that 62.3% of the study subjects with severe periodontitis were not aware of the presence of the disease, 44.4% denied having received any systematic periodontal therapy so far, although 50% of them indicated to visit their dentist regularly for professional tooth cleanings.
Conclusion
While the clinical study data confirm an increased prevalence of periodontitis in CKD patients, their self‐reported awareness of periodontitis was low.
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on circulating levels of the systemic inflammation‐associated biomarkers orosomucoid (ORM), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), chemerin, and retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) in overweight or normal‐weight patients with periodontitis at 27.5 months after therapy.
Materials and methods
This exploratory subanalysis includes patients from the ABPARO‐trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00707369). The per‐protocol collective provided untreated periodontitis patients with high (≥28 kg/m\(^{2}\)) or moderate (21–24 kg/m\(^{2}\)) BMI. Out of the per‐protocol collective, 80 patients were randomly selected and stratified for BMI group, sex, and treatment group (antibiotics/placebo), resulting in 40 overweight and normal‐weight patients. Patients received non‐surgical periodontal therapy and maintenance at 3‐month intervals. Plasma samples from baseline and 27.5 months following initial treatment were used to measure the concentrations of ORM, hsCRP, chemerin, and RBP4.
Results
At the 27.5‐month examination, ORM and hsCRP decreased noticeably in the overweight group (ORM: p = .001, hsCRP: p = .004) and normal‐weight patients (ORM: p = .007, hsCRP: p < .001). Chemerin decreased in the overweight group (p = .048), and RBP4 concentrations remained stable.
Conclusion
Non‐surgical periodontal therapy reduced systemically elevated inflammation‐associated biomarkers in periodontitis patients. These improvements were more pronounced in overweight patients than in normal‐weight patients.
Background
The objective of this trial was to evaluate whether the regular consumption of probiotics may improve the known deterioration of periodontal health in navy sailors during deployments at sea.
Methods
72 healthy sailors of a naval ship on a practicing mission at sea were recruited and randomly provided with a blinded supply of lozenges to be consumed twice daily for the following 42 days containing either the probiotic strains Lactobacillus reuteri (DSM 17938 and L. reuteri (ATTC PTA 5289) (test n = 36) or no probiotics (placebo n = 36). At baseline, at day 14 and day 42 bleeding on probing (primary outcome), gingival index, plaque control record, probing attachment level, and probing pocket depth were assessed at the Ramfjord teeth.
Results
At baseline there were no significant differences between the groups. At day 14 and day 42 test group scores of all assessed parameters were significantly improved (P < 0.001) compared to baseline and to the placebo group which by contrast showed a significant (P < 0.001) deterioration of all parameters at the end of the study.
Conclusions
The consumption of probiotic L. reuteri‐lozenges is an efficacious measure to improve and maintain periodontal health in situations with waning efficacy of personal oral hygiene.
In-vitro Untersuchung der Verbundfestigkeit von Kompositreparaturen runder Prüfkörper im Zugversuch. Filtek Surpreme und Tetric EvoCeram wurden gestrahlt und/oder mit 37% Orthophosphorsäure geätzt und mit Scotchbond Universal oder Optibond FL gebonded.
Strahlverfahren erhöhten die Verbundfestigkeit, die zusätzliche Ätzung von abgestrahlten Oberflächen beeinflusste die Verbundfestigkeit nicht.
Aim:
This randomized controlled trial assessed the impact of Lactobacillus reuteri on pregnancy gingivitis in healthy women.
Materials and Methods:
Forty-five healthy women (24 test/21 placebo) with pregnancy gingivitis in the third trimester of pregnancy were enrolled. At baseline Gingival Index (GI) and Plaque Index (PlI) were assessed at the Ramfjord teeth and venous blood taken for TNF-alpha analysis. Subsequently participants were randomly provided with lozenges to be consumed 2 9 daily until birth (approx. 7 weeks) containing >= 10(8) CFU L. reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 and >= 10(8) CFU L. reuteri DSM 17938 (test) or being devoid of L. reuteri (placebo). Within 2 days after birth recording of GI, PlI and blood sampling were repeated.
Results:
At baseline, mean GI and mean PlI did not differ significantly between both groups. In the test group mean TNF-alpha serum level was significantly (p < 0.02) lower than in the placebo group. At reevaluation, mean GI and mean PlI of the test group were both significantly (p < 0.0001) lower than in the placebo group. Mean TNF-alpha serum level did no longer differ significantly between the groups.
Conclusions:
The consumption of L. reuteri lozenges may be a useful adjunct in the control of pregnancy gingivitis.
Die Einschätzung des gingivalen Biotypes stellt für den praktizierenden Zahnarzt ein wichtiges Hilfsmittel zur Auswahl der Therapie pathogener Befunde und zur Prognose des Therapieerfolges dar. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es daher zu untersuchen, ob die Bestimmung des gingivalen Biotypes über die Transluzens einer Parodontalsonde durch die bukkale Gingiva, als eine einfach durchzuführende klinische Untersuchung, von der tatsächlichen Dicke des Weichgewebes abhängt. Darüber hinaus wurde erörtert, ob verschiedene parodontale Parameter eher mit einem dicken oder einem dünnen gingivalem Biotyp vergesellschaftet sind. Zuletzt wurden die Studienteilnehmer auf eine bestehende Relation zwischen dem Biotyp des Zahnfleisches und der Form der Frontzahnkronen des Oberkiefers hin untersucht.
Zu diesem Zweck wurden an 36 Probanden der gingivale Biotyp über die Transluzens einer Parodontalsonde durch die bukkale marginale Gingiva bestimmt. Anschließend wurde die tatsächliche Dicke der Gingiva auf Höhe des gingivalen Sulkus mit einer individualisierten Messlehre ermittelt. Des weiteren wurden gingivale Parameter (Taschentiefe, Breite der keratinisierten Mukosa, Papillenhöhe) erhoben, sowie die Form der Zahnkronen der Schneidezähne im Oberkiefer anhand von Gipsmodellen bestimmt. Die erhobenen Messwerte wurden anschließend auf Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen untersucht. Um eine Abhängigkeit von der tatsächlich gemessenen Gewebedicke zu erörtern, wurden zwei Extremgruppen aus den Probanden mit den jeweils sechs höchsten, beziehungsweise niedrigsten Messwerten gebildet.
Die statistische Auswertung stellt die Transluzens einer Parodontalsonde durch die bukkale marginale Gingiva als verlässliches Mittel zur Einschätzung des gingivalen Biotyps heraus, wobei anzumerken ist, dass die Sichtbarkeit der Sonde durch die Gingiva nicht ausschließlich von der Gewebedicke beeinflusst wird. Darüber hinaus konnte eine größere Kronenlänge und, äquivalent dazu, eine höhere mesiale Papille für den dicken gingivalen Biotyp dargestellt werden. Bei dem Vergleich der Extremgruppen konnte ausserdem eine signifikant höhere Taschensondierungstiefe und eine breitere befestigte Gingiva für die Gruppe mit einem sehr dicken Gewebe aufgezeigt werden.