Förderzeitraum 2018
Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (127)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (127)
Document Type
- Journal article (127)
Language
- English (127)
Keywords
- ADHD (4)
- obesity (4)
- Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (3)
- inflammation (3)
- physical activity (3)
- psychology (3)
- Drosophila melanogaster (2)
- Neisseria meningitidis (2)
- PET (2)
- RNA-seq (2)
- T cells (2)
- apoptosis (2)
- biokinetics (2)
- biological models (2)
- breast cancer (2)
- cardiac surgery (2)
- chemokines (2)
- classification (2)
- dosimetry (2)
- honeybee (2)
- load management (2)
- mRNA (2)
- machine learning (2)
- mouse model (2)
- muscle degeneration (2)
- optogenetics (2)
- pathogens (2)
- periprosthetic infection (2)
- stroke (2)
- two-stage exchange (2)
- 11C-HED (1)
- 11C-Hydroxyephedrine (1)
- 16S metabarcoding (1)
- 18F-LMI1195 (1)
- 3D modeling (1)
- 53BP1 (1)
- AKI (1)
- APC (1)
- Adipositas (1)
- Ahmed (1)
- Alemtuzumab (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- American foulbrood (1)
- Apis mellifera (1)
- Aspergillus fumigatus (1)
- B cells (1)
- BRAF (1)
- Baerveldt (1)
- C5aR1 (1)
- CAGSSS (1)
- CCL4 (1)
- CD28 costimulation (1)
- CD4\(^{+}\) T helper cells (1)
- CD52 (1)
- CNG channel (1)
- CNS (1)
- COMT (1)
- Caenorhabditis elegans (1)
- Coffin-Lowry syndrome (1)
- Concealed Information Test (1)
- Copal\(^®\) spacem (1)
- DFNB68 (1)
- DFT-LDA (1)
- DNA Breaks (1)
- DNA damage (1)
- DNA transcription (1)
- DecaWave (1)
- Dmrt1bY (1)
- Drosophila melanogaster motoneuron (1)
- Drosophila model (1)
- EAE (1)
- ECG (1)
- Egypt (1)
- Epichloë (1)
- European foulbrood (1)
- F-actin (1)
- Fagus sylvatica (1)
- German healthcare system (1)
- Guinier-Preston zones (1)
- Hfq (1)
- IARS2 (1)
- IoT (1)
- KDIGO (1)
- Kirchhoff's law (1)
- Latimeria menadoensis (1)
- Lolium perenne (1)
- MIP-1β (1)
- MRI (1)
- MS (1)
- Malvaviscus arboreus (1)
- Medicago truncatula (1)
- NAFLD (1)
- NASH (1)
- NK cells (1)
- Omega-3-Fettsäuren (1)
- OncotypeDX\(^{®}\) (1)
- PABPs (1)
- PAI-1 (1)
- PALS (1)
- PEST (1)
- PKCζ, (1)
- PMMA bone cement (1)
- PRRT (1)
- Paenibacterin (1)
- ProQ (1)
- Protopterus annectens (1)
- RCT (1)
- RGB-D (1)
- RNase E (1)
- RSK2 (1)
- Ra-224 (1)
- Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1)
- S1PR2 (1)
- SLC2A3 (1)
- SNP-microarray (1)
- SWOT (1)
- Sox5 (1)
- Synovial Fluid Aspiration (1)
- T helper 1 cells (1)
- T-lymphocytes (1)
- T. brucei (1)
- TK6 cells (1)
- TRDV2 (1)
- TRGV9 (1)
- Trypanosoma (1)
- UAV (1)
- UV/Vis spectroscopy (1)
- UWB (1)
- Ureaplasma species (1)
- V800 (1)
- Vγ9Vδ2 (1)
- Xenopus laevis oocytes (1)
- ZDF rats (1)
- Zika virus (1)
- \(^{177}\)Lu-OPS201 (1)
- \(^{18}\)F-FDG (1)
- \(^{18}\)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (1)
- \(^{99m}\)Tc-MAG3 (1)
- ab initio calculations (1)
- abdominal surgery (1)
- absorbed dose (1)
- absorbed dose to the blood (1)
- action potentials (1)
- activity rhythms (1)
- activity tracker (1)
- acute kidney injury (1)
- adaptive role (1)
- adolescents (1)
- adrenal insufficiency (1)
- aerobic fitness (1)
- ageing (1)
- alcohol (1)
- alpha particles (1)
- altruism (1)
- altruistic compensation (1)
- altruistic punishment (1)
- aluminum copper alloys (1)
- amino acid analysis (1)
- anaphylatoxins (1)
- aneurysm (1)
- anger (1)
- animal behaviour (1)
- anti-microbial activit (1)
- anticoagulants (1)
- antigenic recall (1)
- antioxidants (1)
- anuria (1)
- arterial hypotension (1)
- aspergillosis (1)
- athletes (1)
- atrial fibrillation (1)
- attention bias (1)
- attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (1)
- atypical chemokine receptor 3 (1)
- autosomal recessive non-synstromic hearing loss (1)
- axonal degeneration (1)
- bPAC (1)
- bacteria (1)
- bacterial genomics (1)
- bacterial pathogen (1)
- bacterial transcription (1)
- bariatric surgery (1)
- bee disease (1)
- beech forests (1)
- bees (1)
- behavior (1)
- behavioral conditioning (1)
- behavioral transition (1)
- behaviour therapy (1)
- bile (1)
- bioassays (1)
- biodegradable implant (1)
- biodiversity (1)
- biodiversity estimation (1)
- biofeedback (1)
- biological dosimetry (1)
- biomedical materials (1)
- bird diversity (1)
- black woodpecker (1)
- bladder (1)
- blood (1)
- body composition (1)
- bone morphogenetic protein (1)
- brain stimulation (1)
- butyrophilin 3 (1)
- cAMP (1)
- caffeine (1)
- calcium (1)
- cancer (1)
- cancer risk (1)
- capecitabine (1)
- carabid beetles (1)
- cardiac device therapy (1)
- cardiac sympathetic nervous system (1)
- cardiopulmonary bypass (1)
- careers (1)
- carmine (1)
- cataracts (1)
- catheterization (1)
- catheters (1)
- ceftriaxone (1)
- cell membranes (1)
- cell wall synthesis (1)
- cellular stress responses (1)
- cellular waveform (1)
- ceramides (1)
- chemical ecology (1)
- chemotherapy (1)
- children/adults (1)
- chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1)
- chlamyopsin (1)
- chromatin (1)
- cicatricial pemphigoid (1)
- cirrhosis (1)
- coaptation line (1)
- coevolution (1)
- cognition (1)
- cognitive balance (1)
- cognitive dissonance (1)
- collagen-glycosaminoglycane matrix (CGM) (1)
- colon cancer (1)
- coloration (1)
- comparison (1)
- complement system (1)
- compressive strength (1)
- concealed information test (1)
- conditioned response (1)
- conjunctival defect (1)
- conjunctival hole (1)
- conjunctival repair (1)
- copy number variation (1)
- crop diversity (1)
- cross-talk (1)
- cryptochrome (1)
- crystal structure (1)
- cylic GMP (1)
- cytokine secretion (1)
- cytotoxic T cells (1)
- data mining (1)
- deception (1)
- delayed cerebral infarction (1)
- depolarization (1)
- diabetes (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diabetic cardiomyopathy (1)
- diagnosis (1)
- diet (1)
- dietary approaches to stop hypertension (1)
- differentiation (1)
- direct anterior approach (1)
- dispersal (1)
- distal radio-ulnar joint (1)
- distance measurement (1)
- dogs (1)
- dorsal instrumentation (1)
- double-stranded (1)
- drainage tube (1)
- drug regulation (1)
- drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (1)
- dry lung syndrome (1)
- dynamic (1)
- eHealth (1)
- ecosystem services (1)
- electrical and electronic engineering (1)
- electrometer (1)
- elution (1)
- emotion regulation (1)
- endometriosis (1)
- endophytic fungi (1)
- endovascular repair (1)
- epidural block (1)
- episcleral drainage device (1)
- evaluation (1)
- evolution (1)
- exaptation (1)
- expression (1)
- extended Kalman filter (1)
- extremity trauma (1)
- eye tracking (1)
- failure (1)
- fear conditioning (1)
- feral honey bees (1)
- fibroblast growth factor (1)
- field testing (1)
- fitness (1)
- flagellate (1)
- flame test (1)
- flupyradifurone (1)
- foliar fungal community (1)
- foraging (1)
- forensic sample (1)
- fracture (1)
- fracture-associated vascular damage (1)
- free energy (1)
- functional regurgitation (1)
- functional training (1)
- fungus-plant interaction (1)
- gametogenesis (1)
- gamma rays (1)
- gender gap (1)
- gene expression (1)
- genome annotation (1)
- genotyping arrays (1)
- glaucoma drainage device (1)
- glioblastoma multiforme (1)
- glucose (1)
- glucose transporter (1)
- ground dwelling predators (1)
- groundwater (1)
- group change (1)
- growth hormone deficiency (1)
- growth pattern (1)
- guanylyl cyclase-A (1)
- gut–liver axis (1)
- haematopoietic stem cells (1)
- halothane (1)
- health promotion (1)
- healthy volunteers (1)
- heart failure (1)
- helminths (1)
- heme oxygenase-1 (1)
- hemolysis (1)
- hemorrhagic stroke (1)
- hepatitis C virus (1)
- hereditary hearing loss (1)
- high performance liquid chromatography (1)
- high-intensity interval training (1)
- hip (1)
- histones (1)
- history (1)
- hollow tree (1)
- honey bees (1)
- hub genes (1)
- human (1)
- human behaviour (1)
- human body weight (1)
- human brain microvascular endothelial cells (1)
- human learning (1)
- humans (1)
- hybrid pacemaker (1)
- hypertension (1)
- identity integration (1)
- illumina (1)
- image processing (1)
- immune cells (1)
- immune evasion (1)
- in vitro contracture test (1)
- inactivity (1)
- individualised modular treatment programme (1)
- individualized training (1)
- induced pluripotent stem cells (1)
- infection (1)
- infinium HumanOmni1-Quad (1)
- information technology (1)
- injury prevention (1)
- inmates (1)
- insect vision (1)
- insulin (1)
- insulin receptor (1)
- insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (1)
- integrated optics (1)
- inter-rater reliability (1)
- intergroup bias (1)
- internet of things (1)
- intervention (1)
- intestine (1)
- invasive disease (1)
- inventory (1)
- inverse parameterization (1)
- ionizing radiation (1)
- ischemia-reperfusion injury (1)
- ischemic (1)
- ischemic stroke (1)
- joint aspiration (1)
- ketogenic diet (1)
- ketone bodies (1)
- kinect (1)
- knee (1)
- knee arthroplasty (1)
- laminin 332 (1)
- land use (1)
- landscape heterogeneity (1)
- laparoscopic right colectomy (1)
- leaf width (1)
- leaflet (1)
- learning (1)
- leukocytes (1)
- level of evidence: IV (1)
- levosimendan (1)
- lifetime spectroscopy (1)
- lipochitinoligosaccharides (1)
- liponeurocytoma (1)
- liver diseases (1)
- low-cost spectrometer (1)
- lying (1)
- lymph nodes (1)
- mHealth (1)
- magnesium (1)
- major depression (1)
- malignant hyperthermia (1)
- mass casualties (1)
- master sex-determining gene (1)
- medaka (1)
- medicinal plants (1)
- medicine (1)
- medicine authentication tools (1)
- medulloblastoma (1)
- melanoma (1)
- membrane potential (1)
- membrane proteins (1)
- meningitis (1)
- mental disorders (1)
- metabolic profile (1)
- metabolomics (1)
- micro-ionization chambers (1)
- microbot (1)
- microdialysis (1)
- microenvironment (1)
- micronuclei (1)
- microswimmer (1)
- minimal invasive surgery (1)
- minimally invasive (1)
- mitochondria (1)
- mitral valve (1)
- mixed hearing loss (1)
- mobile apps (1)
- module (1)
- molecular biology (1)
- molecular docking (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular signature (1)
- mood induction (1)
- mouse (1)
- mucous membrane pemphigoid (1)
- multigene-array (1)
- multiplicity of infection (1)
- muscle (1)
- mycobacteria (1)
- myocardial sympathetic innervation imaging (1)
- nanowires (1)
- natriuretic peptides (1)
- navigation (1)
- neonatal renal failure (1)
- neural circuits (1)
- neural stem cells (1)
- neurocytoma (1)
- neuroendocrine tumor (1)
- neuroendocrine tumors (1)
- neuroinflammation (1)
- neuronal dysfunction (1)
- neuroprotection (1)
- neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (1)
- neutrophils (1)
- nine-banded armadillo (1)
- non-responder (1)
- noncoding RNA (1)
- nuclear envelope (1)
- nuclear export (1)
- nutrients (1)
- objective assessment (1)
- oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (1)
- olfaction (1)
- oligohydramnios sequence (1)
- ologen implant (1)
- omega-3 fatty acids (1)
- optimal control problem (1)
- oral anticancer drugs (1)
- ovary (1)
- parasite (1)
- pathogen vector (1)
- patient-doctor-relationship (1)
- pediatric patients (1)
- peer review (1)
- pelvic trauma (1)
- penumbra (1)
- peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (1)
- perception (1)
- periodization (1)
- peripheral nervous system (1)
- personalized treatment (1)
- pesticide (1)
- phaeochromocytoma (1)
- pharmacology (1)
- phenols (1)
- photoreceptor (1)
- phototransduction (1)
- phototrophic growth (1)
- phylogenomics (1)
- phytochemicals (1)
- pigment pattern (1)
- pigs (1)
- pilot-point-approach (1)
- placental mammals (1)
- plasmonics (1)
- polarity (1)
- policy (1)
- politics (1)
- polity (1)
- pollen (1)
- pose estimation (1)
- positron (1)
- positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (1)
- positron emission tomography (1)
- posttranscriptional control (1)
- potassium (1)
- potter sequence (1)
- power training (1)
- precipitates (1)
- precision medicine (1)
- prejudice (1)
- preterm (1)
- proliferation (1)
- prospective study (1)
- protein and mRNA expression (1)
- proteins (1)
- proteolipid protein (1)
- psychologists (1)
- psychometrics (1)
- pulse simulation (1)
- quality assurance (1)
- quality evaluation (1)
- quality indicators (1)
- quantitative analysis (1)
- radiation effects (1)
- radiotherapy (1)
- radium (1)
- rat hippocampal neurons (1)
- reaction time (1)
- reaction times (1)
- recategorization (1)
- rectum (1)
- recurrence (1)
- regenerative medicine (1)
- regression analysis (1)
- relative dosimetry (1)
- renal tubular dysgenesis (1)
- rescue mission (1)
- respiratory distress (1)
- revision (1)
- risk assessment (1)
- rotator cuff (1)
- sampling method (1)
- scapula (1)
- scatter radiation (1)
- scientists (1)
- seahorse (1)
- sedentary lifestyle (1)
- segmentation (1)
- senescence (1)
- sensitivity analysis (1)
- sensor fusion (1)
- sensorineural hearing loss (1)
- sensory cues (1)
- sensory neuropathy (1)
- sepsis (1)
- sex chromosomes (1)
- sex differentiation (1)
- sexual conflict (1)
- sexually antagonistic genes (1)
- signal integration (1)
- signal processing (1)
- signal transduction (1)
- simulation (1)
- skeletal dysplasia (1)
- skeletal muscle (1)
- skin conduction response (1)
- smartwatch (1)
- social bees (1)
- social identification (1)
- somatostatin receptor (1)
- spacer (1)
- species richness (1)
- spectral sensitivity (1)
- spectroscopy (1)
- spiders (1)
- spine trauma (1)
- staphylinid beetles (1)
- steady-state dendritic cells (1)
- stereotactic irradiation (1)
- storage vesicle turnover (1)
- streptozotocin (1)
- structure-activity relationship (1)
- students (1)
- subarachnoid hemorrhage (1)
- substandard and falsified medicines (1)
- supervisors (1)
- support vector machines (1)
- surgical and invasive medical procedures (1)
- surgical trauma room (1)
- sustainability (1)
- swarming (1)
- sweat osmolality (1)
- sweat secretion rate (1)
- symbiosis (1)
- sympathetic nervous system (1)
- synaptic vesicles (1)
- tDCS (1)
- taste (1)
- teleost fish (1)
- telephone-assisted self-help (1)
- tenting (1)
- teriflunomide (1)
- terror attack (1)
- testis (1)
- the microtubule-organizing center (1)
- theranostics (1)
- therapeutic approach (1)
- therapy (1)
- thermal camera (1)
- thermal stresses (1)
- thermoregulation (1)
- three-dimensional echocardiography (1)
- tikhonov regularization (1)
- tissue engineering (1)
- tolerogenic dendritic cells (1)
- total hip arthroplasty (1)
- toxicology (1)
- track and trace (1)
- training curriculum (1)
- transcriptional profiling (1)
- transcriptional rewiring (1)
- transcriptional termination (1)
- transcriptomics (1)
- transgluteal approach (1)
- translational research (1)
- tree cavity (1)
- trypanobot (1)
- trypanosoma (1)
- trypanosomes (1)
- tsetse (1)
- tumor (1)
- two-component system (1)
- type II esophageal achalasia (1)
- uPA (1)
- ulnar-shortening osteotomy (1)
- ultrasound strain elastography (1)
- urinary tract infections (1)
- vasopressin (1)
- ventromedial prefrontal cortex (1)
- virtual isocenter (1)
- virtual reality (1)
- viruses (1)
- visual pigments (1)
- vitamin D (1)
- volvox carteri (1)
- wearable (1)
- web-based apps (1)
- weighted gene co-expression network (1)
- whole exome sequencing (1)
- whole-blood model (1)
- wild honey bees (1)
- work capacity evaluation (1)
- workplace (1)
- xenobiotic metabolism (1)
- α-emitter (1)
- β-Hydroxybutyrate (1)
- β-cells (1)
- γ-H2AX (1)
Institute
- Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften (29)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin (8)
- Institut für Psychologie (7)
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften (6)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik I) (6)
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfall-, Hand-, Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirurgie (Chirurgische Klinik II) (6)
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II (6)
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (6)
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft (5)
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie (5)
Sonstige beteiligte Institutionen
Background:
The cardiac hormones atrial (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP) moderate arterial blood pressure and improve energy metabolism as well as insulin sensitivity via their shared cGMP-producing guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) receptor. Obesity is associated with impaired NP/GC-A/cGMP signaling, which possibly contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes and its cardiometabolic complications. In vitro, synthetic ANP, via GC-A, stimulates glucose-dependent insulin release from cultured pancreatic islets and β-cell proliferation. However, the relevance for systemic glucose homeostasis in vivo is not known. To dissect whether the endogenous cardiac hormones modulate the secretory function and/or proliferation of β-cells under (patho)physiological conditions in vivo, here we generated a novel genetic mouse model with selective disruption of the GC-A receptor in β-cells.
Methods:
Mice with a floxed GC-A gene were bred to Rip-CreTG mice, thereby deleting GC-A selectively in β-cells (β GC-A KO). Weight gain, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were monitored in normal diet (ND)- and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. β-cell size and number were measured by immunofluorescence-based islet morphometry.
Results:
In vitro, the insulinotropic and proliferative actions of ANP were abolished in islets isolated from β GC-A KO mice. Concordantly, in vivo, infusion of BNP mildly enhanced baseline plasma insulin levels and glucose-induced insulin secretion in control mice. This effect of exogenous BNP was abolished in β GC-A KO mice, corroborating the efficient inactivation of the GC-A receptor in β-cells. Despite this under physiological, ND conditions, fasted and fed insulin levels, glucose-induced insulin secretion, glucose tolerance and β-cell morphology were similar in β GC-A KO mice and control littermates. However, HFD-fed β GC-A KO animals had accelerated glucose intolerance and diminished adaptative β-cell proliferation.
Conclusions:
Our studies of β GC-A KO mice demonstrate that the cardiac hormones ANP and BNP do not modulate β-cell's growth and secretory functions under physiological, normal dietary conditions. However, endogenous NP/GC-A signaling improves the initial adaptative response of β-cells to HFD-induced obesity. Impaired β-cell NP/GC-A signaling in obese individuals might contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.
Background:
In previous studies, the gram-positive firmicute genus Paenibacillus was found with significant abundances in nests of wild solitary bees. Paenibacillus larvae is well-known for beekeepers as a severe pathogen causing the fatal honey bee disease American foulbrood, and other members of the genus are either secondary invaders of European foulbrood or considered a threat to honey bees. We thus investigated whether Paenibacillus is a common bacterium associated with various wild bees and hence poses a latent threat to honey bees visiting the same flowers.
Results:
We collected 202 samples from 82 individuals or nests of 13 bee species at the same location and screened each for Paenibacillus using high-throughput sequencing-based 16S metabarcoding. We then isolated the identified strain Paenibacillus MBD-MB06 from a solitary bee nest and sequenced its genome. We did find conserved toxin genes and such encoding for chitin-binding proteins, yet none specifically related to foulbrood virulence or chitinases. Phylogenomic analysis revealed a closer relationship to strains of root-associated Paenibacillus rather than strains causing foulbrood or other accompanying diseases. We found anti-microbial evidence within the genome, confirmed by experimental bioassays with strong growth inhibition of selected fungi as well as gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Conclusions:
The isolated wild bee associate Paenibacillus MBD-MB06 is a common, but irregularly occurring part of wild bee microbiomes, present on adult body surfaces and guts and within nests especially in megachilids. It was phylogenetically and functionally distinct from harmful members causing honey bee colony diseases, although it shared few conserved proteins putatively toxic to insects that might indicate ancestral predisposition for the evolution of insect pathogens within the group. By contrast, our strain showed anti-microbial capabilities and the genome further indicates abilities for chitin-binding and biofilm-forming, suggesting it is likely a useful associate to avoid fungal penetration of the bee cuticula and a beneficial inhabitant of nests to repress fungal threats in humid and nutrient-rich environments of wild bee nests.
Although many genes have been identified using high throughput technologies in endometriosis (ES), only a small number of individual genes have been analyzed functionally. This is due to the complexity of the disease that has different stages and is affected by various genetic and environmental factors. Many genes are upregulated or downregulated at each stage of the disease, thus making it difficult to identify key genes. In addition, little is known about the differences between the different stages of the disease. We assumed that the study of the identified genes in ES at a system-level can help to better understand the molecular mechanism of the disease at different stages of the development. We used publicly available microarray data containing archived endometrial samples from women with minimal/mild endometriosis (MMES), mild/severe endometriosis (MSES) and without endometriosis. Using weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA), functional modules were derived from normal endometrium (NEM) as the reference sample. Subsequently, we tested whether the topology or connectivity pattern of the modules was preserved in MMES and/or MSES. Common and specific hub genes were identified in non-preserved modules. Accordingly, hub genes were detected in the non-preserved modules at each stage. We identified sixteen co-expression modules. Of the 16 modules, nine were non-preserved in both MMES and MSES whereas five were preserved in NEM, MMES, and MSES. Importantly, two non-preserved modules were found in either MMES or MSES, highlighting differences between the two stages of the disease. Analyzing the hub genes in the non-preserved modules showed that they mostly lost or gained their centrality in NEM after developing the disease into MMES and MSES. The same scenario was observed, when the severeness of the disease switched from MMES to MSES. Interestingly, the expression analysis of the new selected gene candidates including CC2D2A, AEBP1, HOXB6, IER3, and STX18 as well as IGF-1, CYP11A1 and MMP-2 could validate such shifts between different stages. The overrepresented gene ontology (GO) terms were enriched in specific modules, such as genetic disposition, estrogen dependence, progesterone resistance and inflammation, which are known as endometriosis hallmarks. Some modules uncovered novel co-expressed gene clusters that were not previously discovered.
Detecting whether a suspect possesses incriminating (e.g., crime-related) information can provide valuable decision aids in court. To this means, the Concealed Information Test (CIT) has been developed and is currently applied on a regular basis in Japan. But whereas research has revealed a high validity of the CIT in student and normal populations, research investigating its validity in forensic samples in scarce. This applies even more to the reaction time-based CIT (RT-CIT), where no such research is available so far. The current study tested the application of the RT-CIT for an imaginary mock crime scenario both in a sample of prisoners (n = 27) and a matched control group (n = 25). Results revealed a high validity of the RT-CIT for discriminating between crime-related and crime-unrelated information, visible in medium to very high effect sizes for error rates and reaction times. Interestingly, in accordance with theories that criminal offenders may have worse response inhibition capacities and that response inhibition plays a crucial role in the RT-CIT, CIT-effects in the error rates were even elevated in the prisoners compared to the control group. No support for this hypothesis could, however, be found in reaction time CIT-effects. Also, performance in a standard Stroop task, that was conducted to measure executive functioning, did not differ between both groups and no correlation was found between Stroop task performance and performance in the RT-CIT. Despite frequently raised concerns that the RT-CIT may not be applicable in non-student and forensic populations, our results thereby do suggest that such a use may be possible and that effects seem to be quite large. Future research should build up on these findings by increasing the realism of the crime and interrogation situation and by further investigating the replicability and the theoretical substantiation of increased effects in non-student and forensic samples.
Unraveling the connection between fibroblast growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein signaling
(2018)
Ontogeny of higher organisms as well the regulation of tissue homeostasis in adult individuals requires a fine-balanced interplay of regulating factors that individually trigger the fate of particular cells to either stay undifferentiated or to differentiate towards distinct tissue specific lineages. In some cases, these factors act synergistically to promote certain cellular responses, whereas in other tissues the same factors antagonize each other. However, the molecular basis of this obvious dual signaling activity is still only poorly understood. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are two major signal protein families that have a lot in common: They are both highly preserved between different species, involved in essential cellular functions, and their ligands vastly outnumber their receptors, making extensive signal regulation necessary. In this review we discuss where and how BMP and FGF signaling cross paths. The compiled data reflect that both factors synchronously act in many tissues, and that antagonism and synergism both exist in a context-dependent manner. Therefore, by challenging a generalization of the connection between these two pathways a new chapter in BMP FGF signaling research will be introduced.
This paper proposes a 3-D local pose estimation system for a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with a weight limit of 200 g and a very small footprint of 10 cm×10cm. The system is realized by fusing 3-D position estimations from an Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) transceiver network with Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor data and data from a barometric pressure sensor. The 3-D position from the UWB network is estimated using Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) and range measurements between the transceivers. The range measurements are obtained using Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging (DS-TWR), thus eliminating the need for an additional clock synchronization mechanism. The sensor fusion is accomplished using a loosely coupled Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) architecture. Extensive evaluation of the proposed system shows that a position accuracy with a Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of 0.20cm can be obtained. The orientation angle can be estimated with an RMSE of 1.93°.
Two-component cyclase opsins of green algae are ATP-dependent and light-inhibited guanylyl cyclases
(2018)
Background:
The green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri are important models for studying light perception and response, expressing many different photoreceptors. More than 10 opsins were reported in C. reinhardtii, yet only two—the channelrhodopsins—were functionally characterized. Characterization of new opsins would help to understand the green algae photobiology and to develop new tools for optogenetics.
Results:
Here we report the characterization of a novel opsin family from these green algae: light-inhibited guanylyl cyclases regulated through a two-component-like phosphoryl transfer, called “two-component cyclase opsins” (2c-Cyclops). We prove the existence of such opsins in C. reinhardtii and V. carteri and show that they have cytosolic N- and C-termini, implying an eight-transmembrane helix structure. We also demonstrate that cGMP production is both light-inhibited and ATP-dependent. The cyclase activity of Cr2c-Cyclop1 is kept functional by the ongoing phosphorylation and phosphoryl transfer from the histidine kinase to the response regulator in the dark, proven by mutagenesis. Absorption of a photon inhibits the cyclase activity, most likely by inhibiting the phosphoryl transfer. Overexpression of Vc2c-Cyclop1 protein in V. carteri leads to significantly increased cGMP levels, demonstrating guanylyl cyclase activity of Vc2c-Cyclop1 in vivo. Live cell imaging of YFP-tagged Vc2c-Cyclop1 in V. carteri revealed a development-dependent, layer-like structure at the immediate periphery of the nucleus and intense spots in the cell periphery.
Conclusions:
Cr2c-Cyclop1 and Vc2c-Cyclop1 are light-inhibited and ATP-dependent guanylyl cyclases with an unusual eight-transmembrane helix structure of the type I opsin domain which we propose to classify as type Ib, in contrast to the 7 TM type Ia opsins. Overexpression of Vc2c-Cyclop1 protein in V. carteri led to a significant increase of cGMP, demonstrating enzyme functionality in the organism of origin. Fluorescent live cell imaging revealed that Vc2c-Cyclop1 is located in the periphery of the nucleus and in confined areas at the cell periphery.
The nuclear envelope serves as important messenger RNA (mRNA) surveillance system. In yeast and human, several control systems act in parallel to prevent nuclear export of unprocessed mRNAs. Trypanosomes lack homologues to most of the involved proteins and their nuclear mRNA metabolism is non-conventional exemplified by polycistronic transcription and mRNA processing by trans-splicing. We here visualized nuclear export in trypanosomes by intra- and intermolecular multi-colour single molecule FISH. We found that, in striking contrast to other eukaryotes, the initiation of nuclear export requires neither the completion of transcription nor splicing. Nevertheless, we show that unspliced mRNAs are mostly prevented from reaching the nucleus-distant cytoplasm and instead accumulate at the nuclear periphery in cytoplasmic nuclear periphery granules (NPGs). Further characterization of NPGs by electron microscopy and proteomics revealed that the granules are located at the cytoplasmic site of the nuclear pores and contain most cytoplasmic RNA-binding proteins but none of the major translation initiation factors, consistent with a function in preventing faulty mRNAs from reaching translation. Our data indicate that trypanosomes regulate the completion of nuclear export, rather than the initiation. Nuclear export control remains poorly understood, in any organism, and the described way of control may not be restricted to trypanosomes.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key directors of tolerogenic and immunogenic immune responses. During the steady state, DCs maintain T cell tolerance to self-antigens by multiple mechanisms including inducing anergy, deletion, and Treg activity. All of these mechanisms help to prevent autoimmune diseases or other hyperreactivities. Different DC subsets contribute to pathogen recognition by expression of different subsets of pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors or C-type lectins. In addition to the triggering of immune responses in infected hosts, most pathogens have evolved mechanisms for evasion of targeted responses. One such strategy is characterized by adopting the host's T cell tolerance mechanisms. Understanding these tolerogenic mechanisms is of utmost importance for therapeutic approaches to treat immune pathologies, tumors and infections. Transcriptional profiling has developed into a potent tool for DC subset identification. Here, we review and compile pathogen-induced tolerogenic transcriptional signatures from mRNA profiling data of currently available bacterial- or helminth-induced transcriptional signatures. We compare them with signatures of tolerogenic steady-state DC subtypes to identify common and divergent strategies of pathogen induced immune evasion. Candidate molecules are discussed in detail. Our analysis provides further insights into tolerogenic DC signatures and their exploitation by different pathogens.
More than 25 years after the first peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), the concept of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-directed imaging and therapy for neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is seeing rapidly increasing use. To maximize the full potential of its theranostic promise, efforts in recent years have expanded recommendations in current guidelines and included the evaluation of novel theranostic radiotracers for imaging and treatment of NET. Moreover, the introduction of standardized reporting framework systems may harmonize PET reading, address pitfalls in interpreting SSTR-PET/CT scans and guide the treating physician in selecting PRRT candidates. Notably, the concept of PRRT has also been applied beyond oncology, e.g. for treatment of inflammatory conditions like sarcoidosis. Future perspectives may include the efficacy evaluation of PRRT compared to other common treatment options for NET, novel strategies for closer monitoring of potential side effects, the introduction of novel radiotracers with beneficial pharmacodynamic and kinetic properties or the use of supervised machine learning approaches for outcome prediction. This article reviews how the SSTR-directed theranostic concept is currently applied and also reflects on recent developments that hold promise for the future of theranostics in this context.