610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Refine
Has Fulltext
- yes (5)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (5)
Document Type
- Journal article (3)
- Doctoral Thesis (2)
Keywords
- cardiac surgery (5) (remove)
Background
Recent data from the randomized SUSTAIN CSX trial could not confirm clinical benefits from perioperative selenium treatment in high-risk cardiac surgery patients. Underlying reasons may involve inadequate biosynthesis of glutathione peroxidase (GPx3), which is a key mediator of selenium's antioxidant effects. This secondary analysis aimed to identify patients with an increase in GPx3 activity following selenium treatment. We hypothesize that these responders might benefit from perioperative selenium treatment.
Methods
Patients were selected based on the availability of selenium biomarker information. Four subgroups were defined according to the patient's baseline status, including those with normal kidney function, reduced kidney function, selenium deficiency, and submaximal GPx3 activity.
Results
Two hundred and forty-four patients were included in this analysis. Overall, higher serum concentrations of selenium, selenoprotein P (SELENOP) and GPx3 were correlated with less organ injury. GPx3 activity at baseline was predictive of 6-month survival (AUC 0.73; p = 0.03). While selenium treatment elevated serum selenium and SELENOP concentrations but not GPx3 activity in the full patient cohort, subgroup analyses revealed that GPx3 activity increased in patients with reduced kidney function, selenium deficiency and low to moderate GPx3 activity. Clinical outcomes did not vary between selenium treatment and placebo in any of these subgroups, though the study was not powered to conclusively detect differences in outcomes.
Conclusions
The identification of GPx3 responders encourages further refined investigations into the treatment effects of selenium in high-risk cardiac surgery patients.
Cardiac surgery (CSX) can be lifesaving in elderly patients (age ≥ 80 years) but may still be associated with complications and functional decline. Frailty represents a determinant to outcomes in critically ill patients, but little is known about its influence on elderly CSX-patients. This is a secondary exploratory analysis of a multi-center, prospective observational cohort study of 610 elderly patients admitted to the ICU and followed for one year to document long-term outcomes. CSX-ICU-patients (n = 49) were compared to surgical ICU patients (n = 184) with regard to demographics, frailty, and outcomes. Of all surgical patients, 102 (43%) were considered vulnerable or frail. The subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of time to discharge home (TTDH) for vulnerable/frail vs. fit/well patients was 0.54 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34, 0.86, p = 0.007). The p-value for effect modification between surgery group (CSX vs. surgical ICU patients) and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) group was not significant (p = 0.37) suggesting that the observed difference in the CFS effect between the CSX and surgical ICU patients is consistent with random error. A further subgroup analysis shows that among surgical ICU patients, the SHR of time to discharge home (TTDH) for vulnerable/frail vs. fit/well patients was 0.49 (95% CI, 0.29, 0.83) while the corresponding SHR for CSX patients was 0.77 (0.32–1.88). In conclusion, preoperative frailty reduced the rate of discharge to home in both surgical and CSX patients, but a larger sample of CSX patients is needed to adequately address this question in this patient group.
Background:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication after cardiac surgery that is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an enzyme synthesized in renal tubular cells as one of the most intense responses to oxidant stress linked with protective, anti-inflammatory properties. Yet, it is unknown if serum HO-1 induction following cardiac surgical procedure involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with incidence and severity of AKI.
Patients and methods:
In the present study, we used data from a prospective cohort study of 150 adult cardiac surgical patients. HO-1 measurements were performed before, immediately after and 24 hours post-CPB. In univariate and multivariate analyses, the association between HO-1 and AKI was investigated.
Results:
AKI with an incidence of 23.3% (35 patients) was not associated with an early elevation of HO-1 after CPB in all patients (P=0.88), whereas patients suffering from AKI developed a second burst of HO-1 24 hours after CBP. In patients without AKI, the HO-1 concentrations dropped to baseline values (P=0.031). Furthermore, early HO-1 induction was associated with CPB time (P=0.046), while the ones 24 hours later lost this association (P=0.219).
Conclusion:
The association of the second HO-1 burst 24 hours after CBP might help to distinguish between the causality of AKI in patients undergoing CBP, thus helping to adapt patient stratification and management.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 6 der bekanntesten Risiko-Scores zur Abschätzung der perioperativen Mortalität bei herzchirurgischen Eingriffen miteinander verglichen (Parsonnet-Score, Cleveland Clinic-Score, Ontario Province Risk-Score, French-Score, Pons-Score und Euro-Score). Hierzu wurden die Daten von 135 Patienten, die sich von Mai bis einschließlich September 2002 einer Herzoperation (Bypass-, Herzklappen-, oder Kombinations-Operation) an der Klinik für Herz- und Thorax-Chirurgie der Universität Würzburg unterzogen, nachuntersucht. Da nur 3/6 der Risiko-Scores eine Aussage bezüglich der postoperativen Morbidität treffen, wurden die, die Morbidität betreffenden Daten keiner statistischen Analyse zugeführt. 3/135 Patienten verstarben perioperativ (2,2%). 74/135 Patienten entwickelten postoperativ Komplikationen (54,8%). Die Analyse der Daten zeigte für keinen der Risiko-Scores statistische Signifikanz (p ≤ 0,05). Der Euro-Score war der einzige Risiko-Score, der alle verstorbenen Patienten in die Gruppe mit dem höchsten Risiko eingeteilt hatte. Aufgrund seiner vielen Parameter und wenigen Punkte pro Parameter ist der Euro-Score für zufällige Ereignisse und Fehleinteilungen weniger anfällig als andere Risiko-Scores. Die Mortalität als Endpunkt ist für einen Risiko-Score besser geeignet als die Morbidität, da kein Raum für subjektive Auslegung und Fehleinschätzung besteht. Aufgrund der Schwierigkeit gemeinsame prädiktive Parameter für Mortalität und Morbidität zu finden sollten getrennte Score-Systeme zur Anwendung kommen. Jeder Risiko-Score sollte von Zeit zu Zeit überarbeitet und dem medizinischen Fortschritt angepasst werden, bei der Auswahl der Parameter ist auf ausreichende Objektivität und exakte Definition zu achten.