610 Medizin und Gesundheit
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Background
Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important causes of work disability. Various rehabilitation services and return-to-work programs have been developed in order to reduce sickness absence and increase sustainable return-to-work. As the effects of conventional medical rehabilitation programs on sickness absence duration were shown to be slight, work-related medical rehabilitation programs have been developed and tested. While such studies proved the efficacy of work-related medical rehabilitation compared with conventional medical rehabilitation in well-conducted randomized controlled trials, its effectiveness under real-life conditions has yet to be proved.
Methods/Design
The cohort study will be performed under real-life conditions with two parallel groups. Participants will receive either a conventional or a work-related medical rehabilitation program. Propensity score matching will be used to identify controls that are comparable to treated work-related medical rehabilitation patients. Over a period of three months, about 18,000 insured patients with permission to undergo a musculoskeletal rehabilitation program will be contacted. Of these, 15,000 will receive a conventional and 3,000 a work-related medical rehabilitation. We expect a participation rate of 40 % at baseline. Patients will be aged 18 to 65 years and have chronic musculoskeletal disorders, usually back pain. The control group will receive a conventional medical rehabilitation program without any explicit focus on work, work ability and return to work in diagnostics and therapy. The intervention group will receive a work-related medical rehabilitation program that in addition to common rehabilitation treatments contains 11 to 25 h of work-related treatment modules. Follow-up data will be assessed three and ten months after patients’ discharge from the rehabilitation center. Additionally, department characteristics will be assessed and administrative data records used. The primary outcomes are sick leave duration, stable return to work and subjective work ability. Secondary outcomes cover several dimensions of health, functioning and coping strategies.
Discussion
This study will determine the relative effectiveness of a complex, newly implemented work-related rehabilitation strategy for patients with musculoskeletal disorders.
Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Vertikalentwicklung und Wurzelwachstum von unteren Prämolaren und unteren zweiten Molaren zu untersuchen. Es sollte geklärt werden, ob die Wurzeln in einem bestimmten Alter besonders stark wachsen und ob dies zur Folge hat, dass der entsprechende Zahn sich in dieser Phase schneller Richtung Mundhöhle bewegt. Weiter wurde untersucht, welche Unterschiede es diesbezüglich zwischen Prämolaren und Molaren gibt, in welchem Alter geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede auffallend sind und ob man von einer symmetrischen Entwicklung zwischen rechter und linker Kieferhälfte ausgehen kann. Zu diesem Zweck wurden von 100 Patienten 238 Orthopantomogramme digital metrisch vermessen. Von jedem Patienten mussten mindestens zwei Orthopantomogramme vorliegen, die in einem zeitlichen Abstand von mindesten 12 Monaten und höchstens 24 Monaten aufgenommen worden waren. Es wurden Referenzpunkte und- strecken festgelegt, deren Veränderungen der Vertikalbewegung und dem Wurzelwachstum entsprachen. Durch eine Vorvermessung der unteren 6-Jahr-Molaren sollten Vergrößerungen und Verzerrungen der Röntgenbilder eines jeden Patienten weitgehend ausgeschlossen werden. Da Veränderungen von Strecken untersucht werden sollten, die innerhalb eines Zeitintervalls – also zwischen zwei aufeinander folgenden Röntgenaufnahmen – erfolgten, wurde das Alter der Patienten zum Zeitpunkt der jeweiligen Röntgenaufnahme , also am Anfang und am Ende eines Zeitintervalls ermittelt, der Mittelwert gebildet, gerundet und der entsprechenden Altersgruppe zugeordnet. Die statistische Auswertung der gewonnenen Messdaten erfolgte anhand der Mittelwerte und wurde graphisch dargestellt. Die Rohdaten wurden zunächst in MS Excel und dann zur statistischen Datenanalyse an das Programm SPSS übergeben. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Vertikalbewegung und Wurzelwachstum ist bei unteren Prämolaren und unteren zweiten Molaren statistisch gesichert. Die stärkste Vertikalbewegung und das stärkste Wurzelwachstum war bei unteren Prämolaren in den Zeitintervallen 11, 12 und 13 festzustellen. Die Veränderungswerte der Vertikalbewegung sind in den Zeiträumen etwas stärker als die des Wurzelwachstums, so dass folglich neben dem Wurzelwachstum auch andere Faktoren die Vertikalbewegung beeinflussen. Die stärksten Vertikalbewegungen der unteren zweiten Molaren waren in den Zeitintervallen 9 und 11 zu beobachten. Das Wurzelwachstum der unteren zweiten Molaren erfolgte über die beobachteten Zeitintervalle gleichmäßig. In den Zeitintervallen 11, 12 und 13 waren die Veränderungen von Vertikalbewegung und Wurzelwachstum von unteren Prämolaren stärker als die von unteren zweiten Molaren. Zwischen dem III. und IV. Quadranten konnten in Bezug auf Vertikalbewegung und Wurzelwachstum unterer Prämolaren und unterer zweiter Molaren keine signifikanten Unterschiede festgestellt werden. Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede waren in den Zeitintervallen 9 und 10 zu beobachten. Die Vertikalbewegung und das Wurzelwachstum der unteren Prämolaren war bei den Jungen über die beobachteten Zeitintervalle vom Umfang her gleichbleibend. Bei den Mädchen hingegen war im Zeitintervall 10 eine Verlangsamung von Vertikalbewegung und Wurzelwachstum zu beobachten. Bei den unteren zweiten Molaren setzten Vertikalbewegung und Wurzelwachstum bei den Jungen ein Zeitintervall später als bei den Mädchen, im Intervall 10, ein. Es ist von einem Zusammenhang zwischen Vertikalbewegung und Wurzelwachstum der unteren Prämolaren und unteren zweiten Molaren auszugehen, welcher bei prognostischen Aussagen unter klinischen Gesichtspunkten hinsichtlich des zu erwartenden Zahndurchbruchs nutzbar ist.
Background
Although Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the α-galactosidase A gene (GLA), women may develop severe symptoms. We investigated X-chromosomal inactivation patterns (XCI) as a potential determinant of symptom severity in FD women.
Patients and Methods
We included 95 women with mutations in GLA (n = 18 with variants of unknown pathogenicity) and 50 related men, and collected mouth epithelial cells, venous blood, and skin fibroblasts for XCI analysis using the methylation status of the androgen receptor gene. The mutated X-chromosome was identified by comparison of samples from relatives. Patients underwent genotype categorization and deep clinical phenotyping of symptom severity.
Results
43/95 (45%) women carried mutations categorized as classic. The XCI pattern was skewed (i.e., ≥75:25% distribution) in 6/87 (7%) mouth epithelial cell samples, 31/88 (35%) blood samples, and 9/27 (33%) skin fibroblast samples. Clinical phenotype, α-galactosidase A (GAL) activity, and lyso-Gb3 levels did not show intergroup differences when stratified for X-chromosomal skewing and activity status of the mutated X-chromosome.
Conclusions
X-inactivation patterns alone do not reliably reflect the clinical phenotype of women with FD when investigated in biomaterial not directly affected by FD. However, while XCI patterns may vary between tissues, blood frequently shows skewing of XCI patterns.
Mutations in the oncogenic PIK3CA gene are found in 10-20% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) and are associated with poor prognosis. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and agonistic TRAIL death receptor antibodies emerged as promising anti-neoplastic therapeutics, but to date failed to prove their capability in the clinical setting as especially primary tumors exhibit high rates of TRAIL resistance. In our study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying TRAIL resistance in CRC cells with a mutant PIK3CA (PIK3CA-mut) gene. We show that inhibition of the constitutively active phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway only partially overcame TRAIL resistance in PIK3CA-mut-protected HCT116 cells, although synergistic effects of TRAIL plus PI3K, Akt or cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors could be noted. In sharp contrast, TRAIL triggered full-blown cell death induction in HCT116 PIK3CA-mut cells treated with proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib and MG132. At the molecular level, resistance of HCT116 PIK3CA-mut cells against TRAIL was reflected by impaired caspase-3 activation and we provide evidence for a crucial involvement of the E3-ligase X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) therein. Drugs interfering with the activity and/or the expression of XIAP, such as the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase mimetic BV6 and mithramycin-A, completely restored TRAIL sensitivity in PIK3CA-mut-protected HCT116 cells independent of a functional mitochondrial cell death pathway. Importantly, proteasome inhibitors and XIAP-targeting agents also sensitized other CRC cell lines with mutated PIK3CA for TRAIL-induced cell death. Together, our data suggest that proteasome-or XIAP-targeting drugs offer a novel therapeutic approach to overcome TRAIL resistance in PIK3CA-mutated CRC.
Purpose
Examine the effects of an 8-week yoga therapy on fatigue in patients with different types of cancer.
Methods
A total of 173 cancer patients suffering from mild to severe fatigue were randomly allocated to yoga intervention (n = 84) (IG) versus waitlist control group (CG) (n = 88). Yoga therapy consisted of eight weekly sessions with 60 min each. The primary outcome was self-reported fatigue symptoms. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life (QoL). Data were assessed using questionnaires before (T0) and after yoga therapy for IG versus waiting period for CG (T1).
Results
A stronger reduction of general fatigue (P = .033), physical fatigue (P = .048), and depression (P < .001) as well as a stronger increase in QoL (P = .002) was found for patients who attended 7 or 8 sessions compared with controls. Within the yoga group, both higher attendance rate and lower T0-fatigue were significant predictors of lower T1-fatigue (P ≤ .001). Exploratory results revealed that women with breast cancer report a higher reduction of fatigue than women with other types of cancer (P = .016) after yoga therapy.
Conclusion
The findings support the assumption that yoga therapy is useful to reduce cancer-related fatigue, especially for the physical aspects of fatigue. Women with breast cancer seem to benefit most, and higher attendance rate results in greater reduction of fatigue.
Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016034
Background
Almost 90% of cancer patients suffer from symptoms of fatigue during treatment. Supporting treatments are increasingly used to alleviate the burden of fatigue. This study examines the short-term and long-term effects of yoga on fatigue and the effect of weekly reminder e-mails on exercise frequency and fatigue symptoms.
Methods
The aim of the first part of the study will evaluate the effectiveness of yoga for cancer patients with mixed diagnoses reporting fatigue. We will randomly allocate 128 patients to an intervention group (N = 64) receiving yoga and a wait-list control group (N = 64) receiving yoga 9 weeks later. The yoga therapy will be performed in weekly sessions of 60 min each for 8 weeks. The primary outcome will be self-reported fatigue symptoms. In the second part of the study, the effectiveness of reminder e-mails with regard to the exercise frequency and self-reported fatigue symptoms will be evaluated. A randomized allocated group of the participants (“email”) receives weekly reminder e-mails, the other group does not. Data will be assessed using questionnaires the beginning and after yoga therapy as well as after 6 months.
Discussion
Support of patients suffering from fatigue is an important goal in cancer patients care. If yoga therapy will reduce fatigue, this type of therapy may be introduced into routine practice. If the reminder e-mails prove to be helpful, new offers for patients may also develop from this.
Objective
To examine the efficacy of reminder e-mails to continue yoga therapy on practice frequency and fatigue in cancer patients and long-term effects of yoga on fatigue, depression, and quality of life.
Methology
One hundred two cancer patients who completed an 8-week yoga therapy were randomly allocated to two groups: reminder (N = 51) vs. no-reminder group (N = 51). After completing yoga therapy, the reminder group received weekly e-mails for 24 weeks, which reminded them of practicing yoga, whereas the no-reminder group did not. Primary outcomes were fatigue and practice frequency, and long-term outcomes were fatigue, depression, and quality of life. Data were assessed using questionnaires after yoga therapy (T1) and 6 months after completing yoga therapy (T2).
Result
A significantly stronger reduction of general (p = 0.038, d = 0.42) and emotional fatigue (p = 0.004, d = 0.59) and a higher increase of practice frequency (p = 0.015, d = 0.52) between T1 and T2 were found for the reminder group compared to the no-reminder group. In the mediation model, practice frequency as a mediator partially explained the changes in emotional fatigue (indirect effect B = - 0.10). Long-term effects of yoga therapy regarding fatigue, depression, and quality of life were found (F > 7.46, p < 0.001, d > 0.54).
Conclusion
Weekly reminder e-mails after yoga therapy can positively affect general and emotional fatigue and help cancer patients with fatigue establish a regular yoga practice at home. However, higher practice frequency did not lead to higher physical or cognitive fatigue improvement, suggesting other factors that mediate efficacy on physical or cognitive fatigue, such as mindfulness or side effects of therapy.